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Wojtara MS, Kang J, Zaman M. Congenital Telangiectatic Erythema: Scoping Review. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2023; 6:e48413. [PMID: 37796556 PMCID: PMC10587801 DOI: 10.2196/48413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital telangiectatic erythema (CTE), also known as Bloom syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by below-average height, a narrow face, a red skin rash occurring on sun-exposed areas of the body, and an increased risk of cancer. CTE is one of many genodermatoses and photodermatoses associated with defects in DNA repair. CTE is caused by a mutation occurring in the BLM gene, which causes abnormal breaks in chromosomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyze the existing literature on CTE to provide additional insight into its heredity, the spectrum of clinical presentations, and the management of this disorder. In addition, the gaps in current research and the use of artificial intelligence to streamline clinical diagnosis and the management of CTE are outlined. METHODS A literature search was conducted on PubMed, DOAJ, and Scopus using search terms such as "congenital telangiectatic erythema," "bloom syndrome," and "bloom-torre-machacek." Due to limited current literature, studies published from January 2000 to January 2023 were considered for this review. A total of 49 sources from the literature were analyzed. RESULTS Through this scoping review, the researchers were able to identify several publications focusing on Bloom syndrome. Some common subject areas included the heredity of CTE, clinical presentations of CTE, and management of CTE. In addition, the literature on rare diseases shows the potential advancements in understanding and treatment with artificial intelligence. Future studies should address the causes of heterogeneity in presentation and examine potential therapeutic candidates for CTE and similarly presenting syndromes. CONCLUSIONS This review illuminated current advances in potential molecular targets or causative pathways in the development of CTE as well as clinical features including erythema, increased cancer risk, and growth abnormalities. Future studies should continue to explore innovations in this space, especially in regard to the use of artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, for the diagnosis and clinical management of rare diseases such as CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Sara Wojtara
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jayne Kang
- Department of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Zaman
- Department of Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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2
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Suspitsin EN, Imyanitov EN. Hereditary Conditions Associated with Elevated Cancer Risk in Childhood. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:880-891. [PMID: 37751861 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Received January, 31, 2023 Revised March, 16, 2023 Accepted March, 18, 2023 Widespread use of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies revealed that a significant percentage of tumors in children develop as a part of monogenic hereditary diseases. Predisposition to the development of pediatric neoplasms is characteristic of a wide range of conditions including hereditary tumor syndromes, primary immunodeficiencies, RASopathies, and phakomatoses. The mechanisms of tumor molecular pathogenesis are diverse and include disturbances in signaling cascades, defects in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA processing. Timely diagnosis of tumor-associated syndromes is important for the proper choice of cancer treatment, genetic counseling of families, and development of the surveillance programs. The review describes the spectrum of neoplasms characteristic of the most common syndromes and molecular pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Suspitsin
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia.
- St.-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
- St.-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russia
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3
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Lim BWX, Li N, Mahale S, McInerny S, Zethoven M, Rowley SM, Huynh J, Wang T, Lee JEA, Friedman M, Devereux L, Scott RJ, Sloan EK, James PA, Campbell IG. Somatic inactivation of breast cancer predisposition genes in tumors associated with pathogenic germline variants. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 115:181-189. [PMID: 36315097 PMCID: PMC9905963 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancers (BCs) that arise in individuals heterozygous for a germline pathogenic variant in a susceptibility gene, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51C, have been shown to exhibit biallelic loss in the respective genes and be associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and distinctive somatic mutational signatures. Tumor sequencing thus presents an orthogonal approach to assess the role of candidate genes in BC development. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed on paired normal-breast tumor DNA from 124 carriers of germline loss-of-function (LoF) or missense variant carriers in 15 known and candidate BC predisposition genes identified in the BEACCON case-control study. Biallelic inactivation and association with tumor genome features including mutational signatures and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score were investigated. RESULTS BARD1-carrying TNBC (4 of 5) displayed biallelic loss and associated high HRD scores and mutational signature 3, as did a RAD51D-carrying TNBC and ovarian cancer. Biallelic loss was less frequent in BRIP1 BCs (4 of 13) and had low HRD scores. In contrast to other established BC genes, BCs from carriers of CHEK2 LoF (6 of 17) or missense (2 of 20) variant had low rates of biallelic loss. Exploratory analysis of BC from carriers of LoF variants in candidate genes such as BLM, FANCM, PARP2, and RAD50 found little evidence of biallelic inactivation. CONCLUSIONS BARD1 and RAD51D behave as classic BRCA-like predisposition genes with biallelic inactivation, but this was not observed for any of the candidate genes. However, as demonstrated for CHEK2, the absence of biallelic inactivation does not provide definitive evidence against the gene's involvement in BC predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sakshi Mahale
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone McInerny
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone M Rowley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Huynh
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theresa Wang
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jue Er Amanda Lee
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Molecular Genomics Core, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mia Friedman
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Lifepool, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics and The Centre for Cancer Detection and Therapy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Division of Molecular Medicine, New South Wales Health Pathology North, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ian G Campbell
- Correspondence to: Ian Campbell, PhD, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia (e-mail: )
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Marchena-Perea EM, Salazar-Hidalgo ME, Gómez-Sanz A, Arranz-Ledo M, Barroso A, Fernández V, Tejera-Pérez H, Pita G, Núñez-Torres R, Pombo L, Morales-Chamorro R, Cano-Cano JM, Soriano MDC, Garre P, Durán M, Currás-Freixes M, de la Hoya M, Osorio A. A Large Case-Control Study Performed in Spanish Population Suggests That RECQL5 Is the Only RECQ Helicase Involved in Breast Cancer Susceptibility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194738. [PMID: 36230663 PMCID: PMC9563930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 50% of the familial breast cancer (BC) cases are estimated to be caused by variants in low-, moderate-, and high-risk susceptibility genes; however, the other half is of unknown origin. The finding of new susceptibility genes is key to improve diagnosis, take preventive measures, and identify new therapies. In this context, previous studies have discussed whether the genes encoding for the RECQ helicase family could play a role in BC susceptibility, without very conclusive results. To clarify this, in this study, we sequenced the whole coding sequence of the RECQL1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQL5 genes in 1993 Spanish BC familial cases and compared it with controls from gnomAD. No association was found for RECQL1, BLM, WRN, and RECQL4; however, we did find an association between RECQL5 and breast cancer as a moderate-risk gene, making it a perfect candidate for further studies. Abstract Around 50% of the familial breast cancer (BC) cases are estimated to be caused by germline variants in known low-, moderate-, and high-risk susceptibility genes, while the other half is of unknown genetic origin. In the present study, we wanted to evaluate the role of the RECQ helicases, some of which have been studied in the past as candidates, with unclear results about their role in the disease. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we analyzed the whole coding sequence of BLM, RECQL1, RECQL4, RECQL5, and WRN in almost 2000 index cases from BC Spanish families that had previously tested negative for the known BC susceptibility genes (BRCAX) and compared the results with the controls extracted from gnomAD. Our results suggest that BLM, RECQL1, RECQL4, and WRN do not play a major role in BC susceptibility. However, in the combined analysis, joining the present results with those previously reported in a series of 1334 BC Spanish patients and controls, we found a statistically significant association between Loss of Function (LoF) variants in RECQL5 and BC risk, with an OR of 2.56 (p = 0.009; 95% CI, 1.18–4.98). Our findings support our previous work and places the RECQL5 gene as a new moderate-risk BC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Michel Marchena-Perea
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milton Eduardo Salazar-Hidalgo
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gómez-Sanz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Arranz-Ledo
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBGM, UVa-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Tejera-Pérez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Núñez-Torres
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Human Genotyping Unit (CEGEN), Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Pombo
- Medical Oncology Section, Universitary Hospital Complex of Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rafael Morales-Chamorro
- Medical Oncology Section, Hospitalary Compex La Mancha Centro, 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Juana María Cano-Cano
- Medical Oncology Service, Universitary General Hospital of Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Garre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Durán
- Cancer Genetics Group, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBGM, UVa-CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Currás-Freixes
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28043 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917-328-002
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5
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Feng S, Qian X, Feng D, Zhang X. Downregulation of BLM RecQ helicase inhibits proliferation, promotes the apoptosis and enhances the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:313. [PMID: 36004459 PMCID: PMC9437972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) is known to maintain genomic integrity including DNA repair, recombination, replication and transcription. Its dysregulation affects the genomic instability of cells, which results in a high risk of developing various types of cancer and even Bloom syndrome. However, to date, to the best of our knowledge, no association has been made between human BLM and bladder cancer. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of BLM in human bladder cancer. The expression pattern of BLM in bladder cancer tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The viability, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell lines were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU and flow cytometry following transfection of BLM small interfering RNA. Finally, the effect of BLM on sensitivity of bladder cancer cell lines to cisplatin was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot. It was demonstrated that the expression of BLM in human bladder cancer was increased compared with adjacent healthy bladder tissues. In addition, silencing of BLM inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells and it also enhanced the sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. Together, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the regulation of BLM activity may have potential for use as a novel therapeutic target and a predictor for the prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Feng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Qian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Feng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao‑Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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6
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Wieland J, Buchan S, Sen Gupta S, Mantzouratou A. Genomic instability and the link to infertility: A focus on microsatellites and genomic instability syndromes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 274:229-237. [PMID: 35671666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is associated to multiple types of different genomic instabilities and is a genetic feature of genomic instability syndromes. While the mismatch repair machinery contributes to the maintenance of genome integrity, surprisingly its potential role in infertility is overlooked. Defects in mismatch repair mechanisms contribute to microsatellite instability and genomic instability syndromes, due to the inability to repair newly replicated DNA. This article reviews the literature to date to elucidate the contribution of microsatellite instability to genomic instability syndromes and infertility. The key findings presented reveal microsatellite instability is poorly researched in genomic instability syndromes and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Wieland
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Sarah Buchan
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Sioban Sen Gupta
- Institute for Women's Health, 86-96 Chenies Mews, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | - Anna Mantzouratou
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
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7
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Hodson C, Low JKK, van Twest S, Jones SE, Swuec P, Murphy V, Tsukada K, Fawkes M, Bythell-Douglas R, Davies A, Holien JK, O'Rourke JJ, Parker BL, Glaser A, Parker MW, Mackay JP, Blackford AN, Costa A, Deans AJ. Mechanism of Bloom syndrome complex assembly required for double Holliday junction dissolution and genome stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109093119. [PMID: 35115399 PMCID: PMC8832983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109093119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The RecQ-like helicase BLM cooperates with topoisomerase IIIα, RMI1, and RMI2 in a heterotetrameric complex (the "Bloom syndrome complex") for dissolution of double Holliday junctions, key intermediates in homologous recombination. Mutations in any component of the Bloom syndrome complex can cause genome instability and a highly cancer-prone disorder called Bloom syndrome. Some heterozygous carriers are also predisposed to breast cancer. To understand how the activities of BLM helicase and topoisomerase IIIα are coupled, we purified the active four-subunit complex. Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry revealed a unique architecture that links the helicase and topoisomerase domains. Using biochemical experiments, we demonstrated dimerization mediated by the N terminus of BLM with a 2:2:2:2 stoichiometry within the Bloom syndrome complex. We identified mutations that independently abrogate dimerization or association of BLM with RMI1, and we show that both are dysfunctional for dissolution using in vitro assays and cause genome instability and synthetic lethal interactions with GEN1/MUS81 in cells. Truncated BLM can also inhibit the activity of full-length BLM in mixed dimers, suggesting a putative mechanism of dominant-negative action in carriers of BLM truncation alleles. Our results identify critical molecular determinants of Bloom syndrome complex assembly required for double Holliday junction dissolution and maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hodson
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Jason K K Low
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sylvie van Twest
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Swuec
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Murphy
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Kaima Tsukada
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Matthew Fawkes
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Julienne J O'Rourke
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Astrid Glaser
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Structural Biology Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew N Blackford
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J Deans
- Genome Stability Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia;
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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8
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Ababou M. Bloom syndrome and the underlying causes of genetic instability. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:35-48. [PMID: 33736941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal hereditary recessive diseases characterized by genetic instability are often associated with cancer predisposition. Bloom syndrome (BS), a rare genetic disorder, with <300 cases reported worldwide, combines both. Indeed, patients with Bloom's syndrome are 150 to 300 times more likely to develop cancers than normal individuals. The wide spectrum of cancers developed by BS patients suggests that early initial events occur in BS cells which may also be involved in the initiation of carcinogenesis in the general population and these may be common to several cancers. BS is caused by mutations of both copies of the BLM gene, encoding the RecQ BLM helicase. This review discusses the different aspects of BS and the different cellular functions of BLM in genome surveillance and maintenance through its major roles during DNA replication, repair, and transcription. BLM's activities are essential for the stabilization of centromeric, telomeric and ribosomal DNA sequences, and the regulation of innate immunity. One of the key objectives of this work is to establish a link between BLM functions and the main clinical phenotypes observed in BS patients, as well as to shed new light on the correlation between the genetic instability and diseases such as immunodeficiency and cancer. The different potential implications of the BLM helicase in the tumorigenic process and the use of BLM as new potential target in the field of cancer treatment are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ababou
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
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9
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Kaur E, Agrawal R, Sengupta S. Functions of BLM Helicase in Cells: Is It Acting Like a Double-Edged Sword? Front Genet 2021; 12:634789. [PMID: 33777104 PMCID: PMC7994599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.634789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair response is an important biological process involved in maintaining the fidelity of the genome in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several proteins that play a key role in this process have been identified. Alterations in these key proteins have been linked to different diseases including cancer. BLM is a 3′−5′ ATP-dependent RecQ DNA helicase that is one of the most essential genome stabilizers involved in the regulation of DNA replication, recombination, and both homologous and non-homologous pathways of double-strand break repair. BLM structure and functions are known to be conserved across many species like yeast, Drosophila, mouse, and human. Genetic mutations in the BLM gene cause a rare, autosomal recessive disorder, Bloom syndrome (BS). BS is a monogenic disease characterized by genomic instability, premature aging, predisposition to cancer, immunodeficiency, and pulmonary diseases. Hence, these characteristics point toward BLM being a tumor suppressor. However, in addition to mutations, BLM gene undergoes various types of alterations including increase in the copy number, transcript, and protein levels in multiple types of cancers. These results, along with the fact that the lack of wild-type BLM in these cancers has been associated with increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, indicate that BLM also has a pro-oncogenic function. While a plethora of studies have reported the effect of BLM gene mutations in various model organisms, there is a dearth in the studies undertaken to investigate the effect of its oncogenic alterations. We propose to rationalize and integrate the dual functions of BLM both as a tumor suppressor and maybe as a proto-oncogene, and enlist the plausible mechanisms of its deregulation in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekjot Kaur
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-2, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Agrawal
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-2, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-2, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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10
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Heterozygous germline BLM mutations increase susceptibility to asbestos and mesothelioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33466-33473. [PMID: 33318203 PMCID: PMC7776606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019652117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare biallelic BLM gene mutations cause Bloom syndrome. Whether BLM heterozygous germline mutations (BLM +/-) cause human cancer remains unclear. We sequenced the germline DNA of 155 mesothelioma patients (33 familial and 122 sporadic). We found 2 deleterious germline BLM +/- mutations within 2 of 33 families with multiple cases of mesothelioma, one from Turkey (c.569_570del; p.R191Kfs*4) and one from the United States (c.968A>G; p.K323R). Some of the relatives who inherited these mutations developed mesothelioma, while none with nonmutated BLM were affected. Furthermore, among 122 patients with sporadic mesothelioma treated at the US National Cancer Institute, 5 carried pathogenic germline BLM +/- mutations. Therefore, 7 of 155 apparently unrelated mesothelioma patients carried BLM +/- mutations, significantly higher (P = 6.7E-10) than the expected frequency in a general, unrelated population from the gnomAD database, and 2 of 7 carried the same missense pathogenic mutation c.968A>G (P = 0.0017 given a 0.00039 allele frequency). Experiments in primary mesothelial cells from Blm +/- mice and in primary human mesothelial cells in which we silenced BLM revealed that reduced BLM levels promote genomic instability while protecting from cell death and promoted TNF-α release. Blm +/- mice injected intraperitoneally with asbestos had higher levels of proinflammatory M1 macrophages and of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-10, and IL-12 in the peritoneal lavage, findings linked to asbestos carcinogenesis. Blm +/- mice exposed to asbestos had a significantly shorter survival and higher incidence of mesothelioma compared to controls. We propose that germline BLM +/- mutations increase the susceptibility to asbestos carcinogenesis, enhancing the risk of developing mesothelioma.
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Trizuljak J, Petruchová T, Blaháková I, Vrzalová Z, Hořínová V, Doubková M, Michalka J, Mayer J, Pospíšilová Š, Doubek M. Diagnosis of Bloom Syndrome in a Patient with Short Stature, Recurrence of Malignant Lymphoma, and Consanguineous Origin. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:73-82. [PMID: 32655338 DOI: 10.1159/000507006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, photosensitive skin changes, immune deficiency, insulin resistance, and a greatly increased risk of early-onset cancer and development of multiple malignancies. Loss-of-function variants of the BLM gene, which codes for a RecQ helicase, cause Bloom syndrome. We report a consanguineous family, with 2 siblings showing clinical signs of suspected chromosome breakage disorder. One of them developed recurrent malignant lymphoma during lifetime. We performed next-generation sequencing analysis, focusing on cancer predisposition syndromes. We identified a homozygous pathogenic nonsense variant c.1642C>T (p.Gln548*) in the BLM gene in the proband, associated with Bloom syndrome. Sanger sequencing validated the presence of a homozygous pathogenic variant in the proband and also in the brother with short stature. In this article, we will focus on the clinical presentation of the syndrome in this particular family as well as the characteristics of malignancies found in the proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trizuljak
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivona Blaháková
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vrzalová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Hořínová
- Outpatient Ward for Genetics, Hospital Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Doubková
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Michalka
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Terradas M, Capellá G, Valle L. Dominantly Inherited Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Not Caused by MMR Genes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061954. [PMID: 32585810 PMCID: PMC7355797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, multiple studies have been undertaken to elucidate the genetic cause of the predisposition to mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we present the proposed candidate genes according to their involvement in specific pathways considered relevant in hereditary CRC and/or colorectal carcinogenesis. To date, only pathogenic variants in RPS20 may be convincedly linked to hereditary CRC. Nevertheless, accumulated evidence supports the involvement in the CRC predisposition of other genes, including MRE11, BARD1, POT1, BUB1B, POLE2, BRF1, IL12RB1, PTPN12, or the epigenetic alteration of PTPRJ. The contribution of the identified candidate genes to familial/early onset MMR-proficient nonpolyposis CRC, if any, is extremely small, suggesting that other factors, such as the accumulation of low risk CRC alleles, shared environmental exposures, and/or gene-environmental interactions, may explain the missing heritability in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-260-7145
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Li X, Liu J, Wang K, Zhou J, Zhang H, Zhang M, Shi Y. Polymorphisms and rare variants identified by next-generation sequencing confer risk for lung cancer in han Chinese population. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152873. [PMID: 32107087 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, and genetic risk factors account for a large part of its carcinogenesis. The low economic requirements and high efficiency of next-generation sequencing (NGS) make it widely used in detecting genetic alterations in pathogenesis. METHODS We performed targeted panel sequencing in 780 Han Chinese lung cancer patients using a commercial probe, and the correlations between dozens of susceptible sites were verified in 1113 healthy controls. This study used Fisher's exact test and Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction to analyze the mutual exclusion between mutated genes, and Pearson's p was used to verify the correlations between mutations and lung cancer susceptibility. RESULTS Our results determined the mutation spectrum and showed that each lung cancer patient carried at least one DNA mutation. The most frequently mutated gene was BRCA2 (mutation rate,10.6 %.). The co-occurrence and mutual exclusion analysis of DNA damage related genes showed that gene ATM was mutually exclusive from MSH6. We conducted a further case-control study in different subtypes of lung cancer and the results described 14 mutations associated with adenocarcinoma, 9 with squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 with small cell lung cancer. These variants were novel de-novo germline mutations in lung cancer. Particularly, rs3864017 in FANCD2 showed a protective effect of lung adenocarcinoma for carriers (OR = 0.146, 95 % CI = 0.052∼0.405, Padjusted = 3.37 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS 18 candidate mutations might alter the risk of lung cancer in the Han Chinese population, including polymorphisms rs3864017(FANCD2), rs55740729(MSH6) and 16 rare variants. The underlying mechanisms of candidate genes in lung cancer remain unclear and we suggest more functional studies on exploring how these genes affect the risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jinsheng Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hospital, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mancang Zhang
- DYnastyGene Biotech Co. Ltd., Building 25, No.10688 Bei Qing Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201700, PR China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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14
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Challenges in reporting pathogenic/potentially pathogenic variants in 94 cancer predisposing genes - in pediatric patients screened with NGS panels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:223. [PMID: 31937788 PMCID: PMC6959212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of reporting unsolicited findings in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) related to cancer genes in children may have implications for family members, nevertheless, could also cause distress. We aimed to retrospectively investigate germline variants in 94 genes implicated in oncogenesis, in patients referred to NGS testing for various rare genetic diseases and reevaluate the utility of reporting different classes of pathogenicity. We used in silico prediction software to classify variants and conducted manual review to examine unsolicited findings frequencies in 145 children with rare diseases, that underwent sequencing - using a 4813 gene panel. The anonymized reanalysis revealed 18250 variants, of which 126 were considered after filtering. Six pathogenic variants (in BRCA1,BMPR1A,FANCA,FANCC,NBN genes) with cancer related phenotype and three unsolicited variants (in BRCA2,PALB2,RAD50 genes) were reported to patients. Additionally, three unsolicited variants in ATR, BLM (in two individuals), and FANCB genes presented potential cancer susceptibility, were not reported to patients. In retrospect, 4.8% (7/145) of individuals in our cohort had unsolicited NGS findings related to cancer. More efforts are needed to create an updatable consensus in reporting variants in cancer predisposing genes, especially for children. Consent process is crucial to inform of both value and risk of additional genetic information.
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15
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Kuligina ES, Sokolenko AP, Bizin IV, Romanko AA, Zagorodnev KA, Anisimova MO, Krylova DD, Anisimova EI, Mantseva MA, Varma AK, Hasan SK, Ni VI, Koloskov AV, Suspitsin EN, Venina AR, Aleksakhina SN, Sokolova TN, Milanović AM, Schürmann P, Prokofyeva DS, Bermisheva MA, Khusnutdinova EK, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Imyanitov EN. Exome sequencing study of Russian breast cancer patients suggests a predisposing role for USP39. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:731-742. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Inherited Variants in BLM and the Risk and Clinical Characteristics of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101548. [PMID: 31614901 PMCID: PMC6826355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloom Syndrome is a rare recessive disease which includes a susceptibility to various cancers. It is caused by homozygous mutations of the BLM gene. To investigate whether heterozygous carriers of a BLM mutation are predisposed to breast cancer, we sequenced BLM in 617 patients from Polish families with a strong family history of breast cancer. We detected a founder mutation (c.1642C>T, p.Gln548Ter) in 3 of the 617 breast cancer patients (0.49%) who were sequenced. Then, we genotyped 14,804 unselected breast cancer cases and 4698 cancer-free women for the founder mutation. It was identified in 82 of 14,804 (0.55%) unselected cases and in 26 of 4698 (0.55%) controls (OR = 1.0; 95%CI 0.6–1.6). Clinical characteristics of breast cancers in the BLM mutation carriers and non-carriers were similar. Loss of the wild-type BLM allele was not detected in cancers from the BLM mutation carriers. No cancer type was more common in the relatives of mutation carriers compared to relatives of non-carriers. The BLM founder mutation p.Gln548Ter, which in a homozygous state is a cause of Bloom syndrome, does not appear to predispose to breast cancer in a heterozygous state. The finding casts doubt on the designation of BLM as an autosomal dominant breast cancer susceptibility gene.
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17
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Taylor AMR, Rothblum-Oviatt C, Ellis NA, Hickson ID, Meyer S, Crawford TO, Smogorzewska A, Pietrucha B, Weemaes C, Stewart GS. Chromosome instability syndromes. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:64. [PMID: 31537806 PMCID: PMC10617425 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA), ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and Bloom syndrome (BS) are clinically distinct, chromosome instability (or breakage) disorders. Each disorder has its own pattern of chromosomal damage, with cells from these patients being hypersensitive to particular genotoxic drugs, indicating that the underlying defect in each case is likely to be different. In addition, each syndrome shows a predisposition to cancer. Study of the molecular and genetic basis of these disorders has revealed mechanisms of recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks, DNA interstrand crosslinks and DNA damage during DNA replication. Specialist clinics for each disorder have provided the concentration of expertise needed to tackle their characteristic clinical problems and improve outcomes. Although some treatments of the consequences of a disorder may be possible, for example, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in FA and NBS, future early intervention to prevent complications of disease will depend on a greater understanding of the roles of the affected DNA repair pathways in development. An important realization has been the predisposition to cancer in carriers of some of these gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malcolm R Taylor
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | | | - Nathan A Ellis
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, and Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and The Christie NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas O Crawford
- Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Pietrucha
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Corry Weemaes
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Immunology), Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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18
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Alshabi AM, Shaikh IA, Vastrad C. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of the Drug-Treated Breast Cancer Based on Gene Expression Microarray. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070282. [PMID: 31311202 PMCID: PMC6681318 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Breast cancer (BRCA) remains the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the present study, we identified novel biomarkers expressed during estradiol and tamoxifen treatment of BRCA. The microarray dataset of E-MTAB-4975 from Array Express database was downloaded, and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) between estradiol-treated BRCA sample and tamoxifen-treated BRCA sample were identified by limma package. The pathway and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, module analysis, construction of target genes-miRNA interaction network and target genes-transcription factor (TF) interaction network were performed using bioinformatics tools. The expression, prognostic values, and mutation of hub genes were validated by SurvExpress database, cBioPortal, and human protein atlas (HPA) database. A total of 856 genes (421 up-regulated genes and 435 down-regulated genes) were identified in T47D (overexpressing Split Ends (SPEN) + estradiol) samples compared to T47D (overexpressing Split Ends (SPEN) + tamoxifen) samples. Pathway and GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in response to lysine degradation II (pipecolate pathway), cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, cell cycle pathway, and response to cytokine pathway. DEGs (MCM2, TCF4, OLR1, HSPA5, MAP1LC3B, SQSTM1, NEU1, HIST1H1B, RAD51, RFC3, MCM10, ISG15, TNFRSF10B, GBP2, IGFBP5, SOD2, DHF and MT1H) , which were significantly up- and down-regulated in estradiol and tamoxifen-treated BRCA samples, were selected as hub genes according to the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, module analysis, target genes-miRNA interaction network and target genes-TF interaction network analysis. The SurvExpress database, cBioPortal, and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database further confirmed that patients with higher expression levels of these hub genes experienced a shorter overall survival. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed, and potential therapeutic applications of estradiol and tamoxifen were predicted in BRCA samples. The data may unravel the future molecular mechanisms of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Alshabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 66237, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, 66237, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ChanabasavaNilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India.
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Bogdanova NV, Schürmann P, Valova Y, Dubrowinskaja N, Turmanov N, Yugay T, Essimsiitova Z, Mingazheva E, Prokofyeva D, Bermisheva M, Khusnutdinova E, Dörk T. A Splice Site Variant of CDK12 and Breast Cancer in Three Eurasian Populations. Front Oncol 2019; 9:493. [PMID: 31259151 PMCID: PMC6587039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK12 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family that acts as regulator of DNA damage response gene expression. A c.1047-2A>G splice site variant of the CDK12 gene was recently reported to strongly associate with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in patients of Tatar ethnic origin. To gain more insight into the potential risk and the population spread of the c.1047-2A>G variant, we have genotyped three breast cancer case-control series of Tatar, Bashkir and Kazakh ethnicity. We identified c.1047-2A>G in 6/155 cases and 12/362 controls of Tatar ancestry, 0/96 cases and 9/189 controls of Bashkir ancestry, and 1/131 cases and 0/154 controls of Kazakh ancestry (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.30-1.70, p = 0.45). Consistent with the absence of a large effect, bioinformatic analyses predicted that c.1047-2A>G modulates alternative splicing of a NAGNAG sequence rather than constituting a loss-of-function allele, and RT-PCR analyses of c.1047-2A>G heterozygous lymphocytes verified the usage of the predicted alternative acceptor site. Our study confirms a high prevalence of CDK12*c.1047-2A>G in the Tatar and Bashkir population but excludes a role as a clinically actionable high-risk breast cancer mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Yana Valova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Natalia Dubrowinskaja
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nurzhan Turmanov
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Oncology Clinic of Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Zura Essimsiitova
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Kazakh State National University of Al-Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Elvira Mingazheva
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Darya Prokofyeva
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia.,Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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20
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Bermisheva MA, Gilyazova IR, Akhmadishina LZ, Gimalova GF, Zinnatullina GF, Khusnutdinova EK. A WRN Nonsense Mutation, p.R1406X, is Not a Risk Factor of Breast Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419070056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Cybulski C, Kluźniak W, Huzarski T, Wokołorczyk D, Kashyap A, Rusak B, Stempa K, Gronwald J, Szymiczek A, Bagherzadeh M, Jakubowska A, Dębniak T, Lener M, Rudnicka H, Szwiec M, Jarkiewicz-Tretyn J, Stawicka M, Domagała P, Narod SA, Lubiński J, Akbari MR. The spectrum of mutations predisposing to familial breast cancer in Poland. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3311-3320. [PMID: 31173646 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To optimize genetic testing, it is necessary to establish the spectrum of breast cancer-predisposing mutations in particular ethnic groups. We studied 1,018 women with a strong family history for breast cancer (families with hereditary breast cancer; HBC) from genetically homogenous population of Poland, which is populated by ethnic Slavs, for mutations in 14 cancer susceptibility genes. Additionally, we compared the frequency of candidate pathogenic variants in breast cancer cases and controls. Germline mutations were detected in 512 of 1,018 probands with breast cancer (50.3%), including BRCA1/2 mutations detected in 420 families and non-BRCA mutations seen in 92 families. Thirteen BRCA1/2 founder mutations represented 84% of all BRCA1/2-positive cases. Seven founder mutations of CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL represented 73% of all non-BRCA-positive cases. Odds ratios for hereditary breast cancer were 87.6 for BRCA1, 15.4 for PALB2, 7.2 for CHEK2, 2.8 for NBN and 15.8 for RECQL. Odds ratios for XRCC2, BLM and BARD1 were below 1.3. In summary, we found that 20 founder mutations in six genes (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2, NBN and RECQL) are responsible for 82% of Polish hereditary breast cancer families. A simple test for these 20 mutations will facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in Poland. It may also facilitate genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility in other Slavic populations and women of Slavic descent worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogna Rusak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Szymiczek
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Rudnicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Szwiec
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Stawicka
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Paweł Domagała
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Penkert J, Schmidt G, Hofmann W, Schubert S, Schieck M, Auber B, Ripperger T, Hackmann K, Sturm M, Prokisch H, Hille-Betz U, Mark D, Illig T, Schlegelberger B, Steinemann D. Breast cancer patients suggestive of Li-Fraumeni syndrome: mutational spectrum, candidate genes, and unexplained heredity. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:87. [PMID: 30086788 PMCID: PMC6081832 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumor entity in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Up to 80% of individuals with a Li-Fraumeni-like phenotype do not harbor detectable causative germline TP53 variants. Yet, no systematic panel analyses for a wide range of cancer predisposition genes have been conducted on cohorts of women with breast cancer fulfilling Li-Fraumeni(-like) clinical diagnostic criteria. Methods To specifically help explain the diagnostic gap of TP53 wild-type Li-Fraumeni(-like) breast cancer cases, we performed array-based CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) and panel-based sequencing of 94 cancer predisposition genes on 83 breast cancer patients suggestive of Li-Fraumeni syndrome who had previously had negative test results for causative BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 germline variants. Results We identified 13 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in ten patients and in nine genes, including four copy number aberrations and nine single-nucleotide variants or small indels. Three patients presented as double-mutation carriers involving two different genes each. In five patients (5 of 83; 6% of cohort), we detected causative pathogenic variants in established hereditary breast cancer susceptibility genes (i.e., PALB2, CHEK2, ATM). Five further patients (5 of 83; 6% of cohort) were found to harbor pathogenic variants in genes lacking a firm association with breast cancer susceptibility to date (i.e., Fanconi pathway genes, RECQ family genes, CDKN2A/p14ARF, and RUNX1). Conclusions Our study details the mutational spectrum in breast cancer patients suggestive of Li-Fraumeni syndrome and indicates the need for intensified research on monoallelic variants in Fanconi pathway and RECQ family genes. Notably, this study further reveals a large portion of still unexplained Li-Fraumeni(-like) cases, warranting comprehensive investigation of recently described candidate genes as well as noncoding regions of the TP53 gene in patients with Li-Fraumeni(-like) syndrome lacking TP53 variants in coding regions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1011-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Penkert
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schieck
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Hille-Betz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothea Mark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schlegelberger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Bermisheva MA, Bogdanova NV, Gilyazova IR, Zinnatullina GF, Bisultanova ZI, Khusnutdinova EK. Ethnic Features of Genetic Susceptibility to Breast Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Bogdanova N, Pfeifer K, Schürmann P, Antonenkova N, Siggelkow W, Christiansen H, Hillemanns P, Park-Simon TW, Dörk T. Analysis of a RECQL splicing mutation, c.1667_1667+3delAGTA, in breast cancer patients and controls from Central Europe. Fam Cancer 2017; 16:181-186. [PMID: 27832498 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RECQL is a DNA helicase required for genomic stability. Two studies have recently identified RECQL as a novel breast cancer susceptibility gene. The most common RECQL mutation, the 4 bp-deletion c.1667_1667+3delAGTA, was five-fold enriched in Polish breast cancer patients, but the exact magnitude of the risk is uncertain. We investigated two hospital-based breast cancer case-control series from Belarus and Germany, respectively, comprising a total of 2596 breast cancer patients and 2132 healthy females. The mutation was found in 9 cases and 6 controls, with an adjusted Odds Ratio 1.23 (95% CI 0.44-3.47; p = 0.69) in the combined analysis. Among the cases, heterozygosity for c.1667_1667+3delAGTA was linked with estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. There was no significant difference in age at diagnosis between carriers and non-carriers, and only one of the carriers reported a first-degree family history. Meta-analysis with the initial study from Poland suggests an about two-fold increase in risk for this mutation (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.13-5.57, p = 0.02). Altogether, the data indicate that RECQL* c.1667_1667+3delAGTA is not a high-risk mutation for breast cancer though it could represent a moderate-risk breast cancer susceptibility allele. Further studies will be required to determine the clinical significance of testing for this RECQL mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bogdanova
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Pfeifer
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Hans Christiansen
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tjoung-Won Park-Simon
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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25
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Suspitsin EN, Sibgatullina FI, Lyazina LV, Imyanitov EN. First Two Cases of Bloom Syndrome in Russia: Lack of Skin Manifestations in a BLM c.1642C>T (p.Q548X) Homozygote as a Likely Cause of Underdiagnosis. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:103-106. [PMID: 28611551 DOI: 10.1159/000454820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloom syndrome (BS) is an exceptionally rare hereditary disease. Typical manifestations of BS usually include growth deficiency, a characteristic facial appearance, skin hypersensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation, and a strong predisposition to early-onset cancers. We have previously described a recurrent BLM c.1642C>T (p.Q548X) mutation, which is present in heterozygous state in 0.2-0.6% of individuals of Slavic origin. Despite the high occurrence of this founder allele, BS has not yet been described in patients of Slavic ethnicity. Here, we present 2 cases of BS, which were missed by standard genetic counseling and were eventually identified entirely due to chance. Our patients show the need for further investigations to confirm whether the atypical appearance of BS is indeed characteristic for biallelic carriers of the c.1642C>T (p.Q548X) allele and whether the absence of skin manifestations contributes to the underdiagnosis of the disease in Russia. Therefore, we suggest that all Slavic patients with only one single clinical feature of BS are to be screened for this allele and subjected to further analysis wherever appropriate. In addition to identifying new BS patients, this effort will help to clarify the frequency of "atypical BS" with incomplete phenotypic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Suspitsin
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Kazan, Russia
| | | | | | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Kazan, Russia.,I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Russia
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26
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Radmanesh H, Spethmann T, Enßen J, Schürmann P, Bhuju S, Geffers R, Antonenkova N, Khusnutdinova E, Sadr-Nabavi A, Shandiz FH, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Christiansen H, Bogdanova N, Dörk T. Assessment of an APOBEC3B truncating mutation, c.783delG, in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:31-37. [PMID: 28062980 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE APOBEC3B belongs to the family of DNA-editing enzymes. A copy number variant targeting the genomic APOBEC3A-APOBEC3B locus has a significant impact on breast cancer risk, but the relative contribution of APOBEC3B is uncertain. In this study, we investigate a loss-of-function mutation that selectively targets APOBEC3B, for its association with breast cancer risk. METHODS We performed exome sequencing on genomic DNA samples of 6 Byelorussian patients with familial breast cancer. We then studied through mutation-specific genotyping four hospital-based breast cancer case-control series from Belarus, Russia, Germany, and Iran, respectively, comprising a total of 3070 breast cancer patients and 2878 healthy females. Results were evaluated using fixed-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Exome sequencing uncovered a frameshift mutation, APOBEC3B*c.783delG, that was recurrent in the study populations. Subsequent genotyping identified this mutation in 23 additional breast cancer cases and 9 healthy female controls, with an adjusted Odds Ratio 2.29 (95% CI 1.04; 5.03, P = 0.04) in the combined analysis. There was an enrichment of the c.783delG mutation in patients with breast cancer diagnosed below 50 years of age (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.37; 7.56, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS APOBEC3B*c.783delG showed evidence of modest association with breast cancer and seemed to contribute to earlier onset of the disease. These results may need to be reconciled with proposals to consider APOBEC3B as a possible therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Radmanesh
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tessa Spethmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Enßen
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabin Bhuju
- Genome Analytics Unit, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Unit, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Science Center, Ufa, Russia.,Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, Academic Centers for EducationCulture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Basavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Homaei Shandiz
- Radiation Oncology Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tjoung-Won Park-Simon
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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27
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Cunniff C, Bassetti JA, Ellis NA. Bloom's Syndrome: Clinical Spectrum, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Cancer Predisposition. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:4-23. [PMID: 28232778 PMCID: PMC5260600 DOI: 10.1159/000452082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloom's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, photosensitive skin changes, immune deficiency, insulin resistance, and a greatly increased risk of early onset of cancer and for the development of multiple cancers. Loss-of-function mutations of BLM, which codes for a RecQ helicase, cause Bloom's syndrome. The absence of a functional BLM protein causes chromosome instability, excessive homologous recombination, and a greatly increased number of sister chromatid exchanges that are pathognomonic of the syndrome. A common founder mutation designated blmAsh is present in about 1 in 100 persons of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, and there are additional recurrent founder mutations among other populations. Missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations as well as multiexonic deletions have all been observed. Bloom's syndrome is a prototypical chromosomal instability syndrome, and the somatic mutations that occur as a result of that instability are responsible for the increased cancer risk. Although there is currently no treatment aimed at the underlying genetic abnormality, persons with Bloom's syndrome benefit from sun protection, aggressive treatment of infections, surveillance for insulin resistance, and early identification of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cunniff
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, N.Y, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bassetti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, N.Y, USA
| | - Nathan A. Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Ariz., USA
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28
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Revisiting breast cancer patients who previously tested negative for BRCA mutations using a 12-gene panel. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:135-142. [PMID: 27798748 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRCA mutations contribute to about 20% of all hereditary breast cancers. With full-genome sequencing as the emerging standard for genetic testing, other breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified and may collectively contribute to up to 30% of all hereditary breast cancers. We re-assessed women who had previously tested negative for a BRCA mutation when outdated techniques were used, and discuss the implications of identifying a mutation several years after initial genetic testing. METHODS We evaluated the prevalence of mutations in 12 breast cancer susceptibility genes (including BRCA1 and BRCA2) in 190 breast cancer patients with a strong family history of breast cancer. These women had previously tested negative for mutations in the large coding exons of BRCA1 and BRCA2 using the protein truncation test (PTT) between the years of 1996 and 2013. RESULTS We identified pathogenic mutations in 17 of 190 (9%) women. Six mutations were detected in BRCA1 (n = 2) and BRCA2 (n = 4). Eleven mutations were found in other breast cancer susceptibility genes including CHEK2 (n = 5), PALB2 (n = 2), BLM (n = 2), ATM (n = 1) and TP53 (n = 1). CONCLUSION Among 190 breast cancer patients with a family history of the disease, and who previously received a negative result for BRCA mutations using the PTT, 17 (9%) women were found to carry a high-risk pathogenic mutation in a breast cancer susceptibility gene. Six of these women were BRCA mutation carriers who were missed previously. These findings support the rationale for updated genetic testing in patients who tested BRCA mutation negative using outdated techniques.
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29
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BLM germline and somatic PKMYT1 and AHCY mutations: Genetic variations beyond MYCN and prognosis in neuroblastoma. Med Hypotheses 2016; 97:22-25. [PMID: 27876123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra cranial solid tumor of childhood and often lethal in childhood. Clinical and biologic characteristics that are independently prognostic of outcome in NB are currently used for risk stratification to optimally the therapy. It includes age at diagnosis, International Neuroblastoma Staging System tumor histopathology and MYCN amplification. However, even in patients with theoretically good prognosis, such as localized tumor and non-amplified MYCN, either disease progress or recurrence may occur. Potential genetic determinants of this unfavorable behavior are not yet fully clarified. The presence of elevated expression of AHCY, PKMYT1, and BLM has accompanied poor prognosis MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma patients. Considering the potential implication of these genes on the clinical management of NB, we hypothesize that the identification of genetic variations may have significant impact during development of the recurrent or progressive disease. Using targeted DNA sequencing, we analyzed the mutation profiles of the genes PKMYT1, AHCY, and BLM in tumor samples of five patients with MYCN amplified and 15 MYCN non-amplified NB. In our study, BLM germline variants were detected in two patients with MYCN-non-amplified neuroblastoma. Our data allow us to hypothesize that, regardless of MYCN status, these mutations partially abolish BLM protein activity by impairing its ATPase and helicase activities. BLM mutations are also clinically relevant because BLM plays an important role in DNA damage repair and the maintenance of genomic integrity. We also found a novel variant in our cohort, PKMYT1 mutation localized in the C-terminal domain with effect unknown on NB. We hypothesize that this variant may affect the catalytic activity of PKMYT1 in NB, specifically when CDK1 is complexed to cyclins. The prognostic value of this mutation must be further investigated. Another mutation identified was a nonsynonymous variant in AHCY. This variant may be related to the slow progression of the disease, even in more aggressive cases. It affects the maintenance of the catalytic capacity of AHCY, leading to the consequent functional effects observed in the NB patients studied. In conclusion, our hypothesis may provide that mutations in BLM, AHCY and PKMYT1 genes found in children with MYCN-amplified or MYCN-non amplified neuroblastomas, may be associated with the prognosis of the disease.
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30
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Adenocarcinoma of the Right Colon in a Patient with Bloom Syndrome. Case Rep Surg 2016; 2016:3176842. [PMID: 27597923 PMCID: PMC5002463 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3176842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Bloom syndrome (BS) is an inherited disorder due to mutation in BLM gene. The diagnosis of BS should be considered in patients with growth retardation of prenatal onset, a photosensitive rash in a butterfly distribution over the cheeks, and an increased risk of cancer at an early age. Clinical manifestations also include short stature, dolichocephaly, prominent ears, micrognathia, malar hypoplasia and a high-pitched voice, immunodeficiency, type II diabetes, and hypogonadism associated with male infertility and female subfertility. The aim of this report is to describe case of patient with BS who developed adenocarcinoma of the cecum, successfully treated by right colectomy. Case Report. A 40-year-old man underwent colonoscopy to investigate the cause of his diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. The patient knew that he was a carrier of BS diagnosed at young age. The colonoscopy showed an expansive and vegetating mass with 5.5 cm in diameter, located within the ascending colon. Histopathological analysis of tissue fragments collected during colonoscopy confirmed the presence of tubular adenocarcinoma, and he was referred for an oncological right colectomy. The procedure was performed without complications, and the patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the presence of a grade II tubular adenocarcinoma (stage IIA). The patient is currently well five years after surgery, without clinical or endoscopic signs of relapse in a multidisciplinary approach for the monitoring of comorbidities related to BS. Conclusion. Despite the development of colorectal cancer to be, a possibility rarely described the present case shows the need for early screening for colorectal cancer in all patients affected by BS.
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31
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The risk for developing cancer in Israeli ATM, BLM, and FANCC heterozygous mutation carriers. Cancer Genet 2015; 209:70-4. [PMID: 26778106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer risks in heterozygous mutation carriers of the ATM, BLM, and FANCC genes are controversial. To shed light on this issue, cancer rates were evaluated by cross referencing asymptomatic Israeli heterozygous mutation carriers in the ATM, BLM, and FANCC genes with cancer diagnoses registered at the Israeli National Cancer Registry (INCR). Comparison of observed to expected Standardized Incidence Rates (SIR) was performed. Overall, 474 individuals participated in the study: 378 females; 25 Arab and 31 Jewish ATM carriers, 152 BLM carriers, and 170 FANCC carriers (all Ashkenazim). Age range at genotyping was 19-53 years (mean + SD 30.6 + 5 years). In addition, 96 males were included; 5, 34, and 57 ATM, BLM, and FANCC mutation carriers, respectively. Over 5-16 years from genotyping (4721 person/years), 15 new cancers were diagnosed in mutation carriers: 5 breast, 4 cervical, 3 melanomas, and one each bone sarcoma, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer. No single cancer diagnosis was more prevalent then expected in all groups combined or per gene analyzed. Specifically breast cancer SIR was 0.02-0.77. We conclude that Israeli ATM, BLM, and FANCC heterozygous mutation carriers are not at an increased risk for developing cancer.
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32
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Sokolenko AP, Suspitsin EN, Kuligina ES, Bizin IV, Frishman D, Imyanitov EN. Identification of novel hereditary cancer genes by whole exome sequencing. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:274-88. [PMID: 26427841 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) provides a powerful tool for medical genetic research. Several dozens of WES studies involving patients with hereditary cancer syndromes have already been reported. WES led to breakthrough in understanding of the genetic basis of some exceptionally rare syndromes; for example, identification of germ-line SMARCA4 mutations in patients with ovarian hypercalcemic small cell carcinomas indeed explains a noticeable share of familial aggregation of this disease. However, studies on common cancer types turned out to be more difficult. In particular, there is almost a dozen of reports describing WES analysis of breast cancer patients, but none of them yet succeeded to reveal a gene responsible for the significant share of missing heritability. Virtually all components of WES studies require substantial improvement, e.g. technical performance of WES, interpretation of WES results, mode of patient selection, etc. Most of contemporary investigations focus on genes with autosomal dominant mechanism of inheritance; however, recessive and oligogenic models of transmission of cancer susceptibility also need to be considered. It is expected that the list of medically relevant tumor-predisposing genes will be rapidly expanding in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Ekatherina Sh Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Ilya V Bizin
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, RASA Research Center, St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St.-Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, TU Muenchen, Freising 85354, Germany; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg 191015, Russia; Department of Oncology, St.-Petersburg State University, St.-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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Exome sequencing reveals frequent deleterious germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes in women with invasive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:435-43. [PMID: 26296701 PMCID: PMC4559569 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
When sequencing blood and tumor samples to identify targetable somatic variants for cancer therapy, clinically relevant germline variants may be uncovered. We evaluated the prevalence of deleterious germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes in women with breast cancer referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and returned clinically actionable results to patients. Exome sequencing was performed on blood samples from women with invasive breast cancer referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Germline variants within 142 hereditary cancer susceptibility genes were filtered and reviewed for pathogenicity. Return of results was offered to patients with deleterious variants in actionable genes if they were not aware of their result through clinical testing. 124 patients were enrolled (median age 51) with the following subtypes: triple negative (n = 43, 34.7%), HER2+ (n = 37, 29.8%), luminal B (n = 31, 25%), and luminal A (n = 13, 10.5%). Twenty-eight deleterious variants were identified in 26/124 (21.0%) patients in the following genes: ATM (n = 3), BLM (n = 1), BRCA1 (n = 4), BRCA2 (n = 8), CHEK2 (n = 2), FANCA (n = 1), FANCI (n = 1), FANCL (n = 1), FANCM (n = 1), FH (n = 1), MLH3 (n = 1), MUTYH (n = 2), PALB2 (n = 1), and WRN (n = 1). 121/124 (97.6%) patients consented to return of research results. Thirteen (10.5%) had actionable variants, including four that were returned to patients and led to changes in medical management. Deleterious variants in cancer susceptibility genes are highly prevalent in patients with invasive breast cancer referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy undergoing exome sequencing. Detection of these variants impacts medical management.
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Strauss C, Kornowski M, Benvenisty A, Shahar A, Masury H, Ben-Porath I, Ravid T, Arbel-Eden A, Goldberg M. The DNA2 nuclease/helicase is an estrogen-dependent gene mutated in breast and ovarian cancers. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9396-409. [PMID: 25238049 PMCID: PMC4253442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, is commonly caused by failures in the DNA damage response. Here we conducted a bioinformatical screen to reveal DNA damage response genes that are upregulated by estrogen and highly mutated in breast and ovarian cancers. This screen identified 53 estrogen-dependent cancer genes, some of which are novel. Notably, the screen retrieved 9 DNA helicases as well as 5 nucleases. DNA2, which functions as both a helicase and a nuclease and plays a role in DNA repair and replication, was retrieved in the screen. Mutations in DNA2, found in estrogen-dependent cancers, are clustered in the helicase and nuclease domains, suggesting activity impairment. Indeed, we show that mutations found in ovarian cancers impair DNA2 activity. Depletion of DNA2 in cells reduces their tumorogenicity in mice. In human, high expression of DNA2 correlates with poor survival of estrogen receptor-positive patients but not of estrogen receptor-negative patients. We also demonstrate that depletion of DNA2 in cells reduces proliferation, while addition of estrogen restores proliferation. These findings suggest that cells responding to estrogen will proliferate despite being impaired in DNA2 activity, potentially promoting genomic instability and triggering cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Strauss
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Maya Kornowski
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Avraham Benvenisty
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Amit Shahar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hadas Masury
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tommer Ravid
- Department of Biochemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ayelet Arbel-Eden
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, 91010, Israel
| | - Michal Goldberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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35
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The frequency of the BLM*p.Q548X (c.1642C > T) mutation in breast cancer patients from Russia. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:695-6. [PMID: 25410042 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Anisimenko MS, Kozyakov AE, Paul GA, Kovalenko SP. The frequency of the BLM p.Q548X (c.1642C>T) mutation in breast cancer patients from Russia is no higher than in the general population. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:689-90. [PMID: 25399228 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim S Anisimenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630060, Russia,
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Cybulski C, Lubiński J, Wokołorczyk D, Kuźniak W, Kashyap A, Sopik V, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Byrski T, Szwiec M, Jakubowska A, Górski B, Dębniak T, Narod S, Akbari M. Mutations predisposing to breast cancer in 12 candidate genes in breast cancer patients from Poland. Clin Genet 2014; 88:366-70. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - J. Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - D. Wokołorczyk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - W. Kuźniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - A. Kashyap
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - V. Sopik
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - T. Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - J. Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - T. Byrski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - M. Szwiec
- Tadeusz Koszarowski Regional Oncology Center; Opole Poland
| | - A. Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - B. Górski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - T. Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology; International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University; Szczecin Poland
| | - S.A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - M.R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
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38
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Bogdanova N, Togo AV, Ratajska M, Kluźniak W, Takhirova Z, Tarp T, Prokofyeva D, Bermisheva M, Yanus GA, Gorodnova TV, Sokolenko AP, Kuźniacka A, Podolak A, Stukan M, Wokołorczyk D, Gronwald J, Vasilevska D, Rudaitis V, Runnebaum IB, Dürst M, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Antonenkova N, Khusnutdinova E, Limon J, Lubinski J, Cybulski C, Imyanitov E, Dörk T. Prevalence of the BLM nonsense mutation, p.Q548X, in ovarian cancer patients from Central and Eastern Europe. Fam Cancer 2014; 14:145-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Double heterozygotes among breast cancer patients analyzed for BRCA1, CHEK2, ATM, NBN/NBS1, and BLM germ-line mutations. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:553-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Bermisheva MA, Takhirova ZR, Bogdanova N, Khusnutdinova EK. Frequency of CHEK2 gene mutations in breast cancer patients from Republic of Bashkortostan. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Sokolenko AP, Bulanova DR, Iyevleva AG, Aleksakhina SN, Preobrazhenskaya EV, Ivantsov AO, Kuligina ES, Mitiushkina NV, Suspitsin EN, Yanus GA, Zaitseva OA, Yatsuk OS, Togo AV, Kota P, Dixon JM, Larionov AA, Kuznetsov SG, Imyanitov EN. High prevalence of GPRC5A germline mutations in BRCA1-mutant breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2352-8. [PMID: 24470238 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a search for new breast cancer (BC) predisposing genes, we performed a whole exome sequencing analysis using six patient samples of familial BC and identified a germline inactivating mutation c.183delG [p. Arg61fs] in an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A. An extended case-control study revealed a tenfold enrichment for this mutation in BC patients carrying the 5382insC allele of BRCA1, the major founder mutation in the Russian population, compared to wild-type BRCA1 BC cases [6/117 (5.1%) vs. 8/1578 (0.5%), p = 0.0002]. In mammary tumors (n = 60), the mRNA expression of GPRC5A significantly correlated with that of BRCA1 (p = 0.00018). In addition, the amount of GPRC5A transcript was significantly lower in BC obtained from BRCA1 mutation carriers (n = 17) compared to noncarriers (n = 93) (p = 0.026). Accordingly, a siRNA-mediated knockdown of either BRCA1 or GPRC5A in the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line reduced expression of GPRC5A or BRCA1, respectively. Knockdown of GPRC5A also attenuated radiation-induced BRCA1- and RAD51-containing nuclear DNA repair foci. Taken together, these data suggest that GPRC5A is a modifier of BC risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers and reveals a functional interaction of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg, Russia
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Kohlhase S, Bogdanova NV, Schürmann P, Bermisheva M, Khusnutdinova E, Antonenkova N, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Meyer A, Christiansen H, Schindler D, Dörk T. Mutation analysis of the ERCC4/FANCQ gene in hereditary breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85334. [PMID: 24465539 PMCID: PMC3897449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERCC4 protein forms a structure-specific endonuclease involved in the DNA damage response. Different cancer syndromes such as a subtype of Xeroderma pigmentosum, XPF, and recently a subtype of Fanconi Anemia, FA-Q, have been attributed to biallelic ERCC4 gene mutations. To investigate whether monoallelic ERCC4 gene defects play some role in the inherited component of breast cancer susceptibility, we sequenced the whole ERCC4 coding region and flanking untranslated portions in a series of 101 Byelorussian and German breast cancer patients selected for familial disease (set 1, n = 63) or for the presence of the rs1800067 risk haplotype (set 2, n = 38). This study confirmed six known and one novel exonic variants, including four missense substitutions but no truncating mutation. Missense substitution p.R415Q (rs1800067), a previously postulated breast cancer susceptibility allele, was subsequently screened for in a total of 3,698 breast cancer cases and 2,868 controls from Germany, Belarus or Russia. The Gln415 allele appeared protective against breast cancer in the German series, with the strongest effect for ductal histology (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.49; 0.92; p = 0.003), but this association was not confirmed in the other two series, with the combined analysis yielding an overall Mantel-Haenszel OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.81; 1.08). There was no significant effect of p.R415Q on breast cancer survival in the German patient series. The other three detected ERCC4 missense mutations included two known rare variants as well as a novel substitution, p.E17V, that we identified on a p.R415Q haplotype background. The p.E17V mutation is predicted to be probably damaging but was present in just one heterozygous patient. We conclude that the contribution of ERCC4/FANCQ coding mutations to hereditary breast cancer in Central and Eastern Europe is likely to be small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kohlhase
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Antonenkova
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Suspitsin EN, Yanus GA, Sokolenko AP, Yatsuk OS, Zaitseva OA, Bessonov AA, Ivantsov AO, Heinstein VA, Klimashevskiy VF, Togo AV, Imyanitov EN. Development of breast tumors in CHEK2, NBN/NBS1 and BLM mutation carriers does not commonly involve somatic inactivation of the wild-type allele. Med Oncol 2014; 31:828. [PMID: 24415413 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Somatic inactivation of the remaining allele is a characteristic feature of cancers arising in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, which determines their unprecedented sensitivity to some DNA-damaging agents. Data on tumor-specific status of the involved gene in novel varieties of hereditary breast cancer (BC) remain incomplete. We analyzed 32 tumors obtained from 30 patients with non-BRCA1/2 BC-associated germ-line mutations: 25 women were single mutation carriers (7 BLM, 15 CHEK2 and 3 NBN/NBS1) and 5 were double mutation carriers (2 BLM/BRCA1, 1 CHEK2/BLM, 1 CHEK2/BRCA1 and 1 NBN/BLM). Losses of heterozygosity affecting the wild-type allele were detected in none of the tumors from BLM mutation carriers, 3/18 (17 %) CHEK2-associated BC and 1/4 (25 %) NBN/NBS1-driven tumors. The remaining 28 BC were subjected to the sequence analysis of entire coding region of the involved gene; no somatic mutations were identified. We conclude that the tumor-specific loss of the wild-type allele is not characteristic for BC arising in CHEK2, NBN/NBS1 and BLM mutation carriers. Rarity of "second-hit" inactivation of the involved gene in CHEK2-, NBN/NBS1- and BLM-associated BC demonstrates their substantial biological difference from BRCA1/2-driven cancers and makes them poorly suitable for the clinical trials with cisplatin and PARP inhibitors.
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A common nonsense mutation of the BLM gene and prostate cancer risk and survival. Gene 2013; 532:173-6. [PMID: 24096176 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations of BRCA2 and NBS1 genes cause inherited recessive chromosomal instability syndromes and predispose to prostate cancer of poor prognosis. Mutations of the BLM gene cause another chromosomal instability clinical syndrome, called Bloom syndrome. Recently, a recurrent truncating mutation of BLM (Q548X) has been associated with a 6-fold increased risk of breast cancer in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, but its role in prostate cancer etiology and survival has not been investigated yet. METHODS To establish whether the Q548X allele of the BLM gene is present in Poland, and whether this allele predisposes to poor prognosis prostate cancer, we genotyped 3337 men with prostate cancer and 2604 controls. RESULTS Q548X was detected in 13 of 3337 (0.4%) men with prostate cancer compared to 15 of 2604 (0.6%) controls (OR=0.7; 95% CI 0.3-1.4). A positive family history of any cancer in a first- or second-degree relative was seen only in 4 of the 13 (30%) mutation positive families, compared to 49% (1485/3001) of the non-carrier families (p=0.3). The mean follow-up was 49months. Survival was similar among carriers of Q548X and non-carriers (HR=1.1; p=0.9). The 5-year survival for men with a BLM mutation was 83%, compared to 72% for mutation-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS BLM Q548X is a common founder mutation in Poland. We found no evidence that this mutation predisposes one to prostate cancer or affect prostate cancer survival. However, based on the observed 0.6% population frequency of the Q548X allele, we estimate that one in 100,000 children should be affected by Bloom syndrome in Poland.
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Prevalence of PALB2 mutation c.509_510delGA in unselected breast cancer patients from Central and Eastern Europe. Fam Cancer 2013; 13:137-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-013-9684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hilbers FSM, Vreeswijk MPG, van Asperen CJ, Devilee P. The impact of next generation sequencing on the analysis of breast cancer susceptibility: a role for extremely rare genetic variation? Clin Genet 2013; 84:407-14. [PMID: 24025038 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Women with a family history of breast cancer have an approximately twofold elevated risk of the disease. Even though an array of genes has been associated with breast cancer risk the past two decades, variants within these genes jointly explain at most 40% of this familial risk. Many explanations for this 'missing heritability' have been proposed, including the existence of many very rare variants, interactions between genetic and environmental factors and structural genetic variation. In this review, we discuss how next generation sequencing will teach us more about the genetic architecture of breast cancer, with a specific focus on very rare genetic variants. While such variants potentially explain a substantial proportion of familial breast cancer, assessing the breast cancer risks conferred by them remains challenging, even if this risk is relatively high. To assess more moderate risks, epidemiological approaches will require very large patient cohorts to be genotyped for the variant, only achievable through international collaboration. How well we will be able to eventually resolve the missing heritability for breast cancer in a clinically meaningful way crucially depends on the underlying complexity of the genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S M Hilbers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Bogdanova N, Helbig S, Dörk T. Hereditary breast cancer: ever more pieces to the polygenic puzzle. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2013; 11:12. [PMID: 24025454 PMCID: PMC3851033 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several susceptibility genes differentially impact on the lifetime risk for breast cancer. Technological advances over the past years have enabled the detection of genetic risk factors through high-throughput screening of large breast cancer case-control series. High- to intermediate penetrance alleles have now been identified in more than 20 genes involved in DNA damage signalling and repair, and more than 70 low-penetrance loci have been discovered through recent genome-wide association studies. In addition to classical germ-line mutation and single-nucleotide polymorphism, copy number variation and somatic mosaicism have been proposed as potential predisposing mechanisms. Many of the identified loci also appear to influence breast tumour characteristics such as estrogen receptor status. In this review, we briefly summarize present knowledge about breast cancer susceptibility genes and discuss their implications for risk prediction and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bogdanova
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Helbig
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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