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Ghafouri-Fard S, Nicknam A, Safarzadeh A, Eslami S, Samsami M, Jamali E. Expression analysis of PPAR-related lncRNAs in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154844. [PMID: 37820438 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with dysregulation of several genes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is expressed by many tumoral cells such as transformed breast cancer cells. We investigated expressions of nine PPARγ-related lncRNAs, namely KCNIP2-AS1, TRHDE-AS1, FAM13A-AS1, ALDH1A1-AS2, SH3BP5-AS1, HID1-AS1, LINC01140, LIPE-AS1 and ABCA9-AS1 in paired breast cancer samples and non-tumoral tissues. Expression assays showed lower expression levels of TRHDE-AS1, ALDH1L1-AS2, KCNIP2-AS1, ABCA9-AS1, LIPE-AS1 and LINC01140 in tumoral compared with non-tumoral samples. The mentioned genes could differentiate between breast tumors and non-tumoral samples with AUC values ranging from 0.77 to 0.62 for LINC01140 and LIPE-AS1, respectively. The highest specificity and sensitivity values were reported for KCNIP2-AS1 and LINC01140, respectively. Significant correlations were reported between all pairs of genes in both tumoral and non-tumoral tissues. The most robust ones were between ABCA9-AS1 and KCNIP2-AS1 (correlation coefficient=0.85) in non-tumoral tissues and between LIPE-AS1 and TRHDE-AS1 (correlation coefficient=0.83) in tumoral tissues. There was a significant negative association between expression levels of KCNIP2-AS1 gene in tumor tissues and different histological grades. Besides, there was a significant negative association between expression levels of FAM13A-AS1, KCNIP2-AS1and LIPE-AS1 genes in tumor tissues and different mitotic rates. Taken together, PPARγ-related lncRNAs might be regarded as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nicknam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Safarzadeh
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Yang X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Ma M, Li F, Xie Y, Han X, Liu S. Xianlinglianxiafang Inhibited the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via activating PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115164. [PMID: 37478577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by high invasion and metastasis rates. Xian-Ling-Lian-Xia formula (XLLX) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription widely used in China for treating TNBC. Clinical studies have shown that XLLX significantly reduces the recurrence and metastasis rate of TNBC and improves disease-free survival. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of XLLX on TNBC are not clear yet. Here, we investigated the effects of XLLX on TNBC using a mouse model and tumor cell lines. The results showed that XLLX significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 in vitro, induced apoptosis, and regulated the expression of proliferation, apoptosis, and EMT marker proteins in tumor cells. In in vivo experiments, XLLX treatment significantly reduced the progression of TNBC tumors and lung metastasis. Transcriptomics reveals that XLLX treatment significantly enriched differentially expressed genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The western blot results confirmed that XLLX significantly upregulated the protein expression of PPARγ and p-AMPK in TNBC cells, tumors, and lung tissues. It is noteworthy that GW9662 (a PPARγ inhibitor) and Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) partially reversed the anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis effects of XLLX in TNBC cells. Therefore, XLLX may effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC by activating the PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- department of breast surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyang Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianghui Han
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhao J, Lee K, Toh HC, Lam KP, Neo SY. Unravelling the role of obesity and lipids during tumor progression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163160. [PMID: 37063269 PMCID: PMC10097918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the biochemical pathways in cancer promotes oncogenic transformations and metastatic potential. Recent studies have shed light on how obesity and altered lipid metabolism could be the driving force for tumor progression. Here, in this review, we focus on liver cancer and discuss how obesity and lipid-driven metabolic reprogramming affect tumor, immune, and stroma cells in the tumor microenvironment and, in turn, how alterations in these cells synergize to influence and contribute to tumor growth and dissemination. With increasing evidence on how obesity exacerbates inflammation and immune tolerance, we also touch upon the impact of obesity and altered lipid metabolism on tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keene Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Shi Yong Neo,
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4
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Hao K, Wang J, Li Z, Chen H, Jia B, Hu G. PPARγ/mTOR Regulates the Synthesis and Release of Prostaglandins in Ovine Trophoblast Cells in Early Pregnancy. Vet Sci 2022; 9:649. [PMID: 36423098 PMCID: PMC9694237 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cells synthesize and secrete prostaglandins (PGs), which are essential for ruminants in early gestation to recognize pregnancy. Hormones in the intrauterine environment play an important role in regulating PGs synthesis during implantation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, co-treatment of sheep trophoblast cells (STCs) with progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and interferon-tau (IFN-τ) increased the ratio of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression, while inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and activating cellular autophagy. Under hormone treatment, inhibition of PPARγ activity decreased the ratio of PGE2/PGF2α and cellular activity, while activating expression of the mTOR downstream marker-the phosphorylation of p70S6K (p-p70S6K). We also found that the PPARγ/mTOR pathway played an important role in regulating trophoblast cell function. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway by rapamycin increased the ratio of PGE2/PGF2α and decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins after inhibiting PPARγ activity. In conclusion, our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of prostaglandin regulation of trophoblast cells in sheep during early pregnancy, indicating that the PPARγ/mTOR pathway plays an important role in PGs secretion and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Guangdong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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Single cell atlas identifies lipid-processing and immunomodulatory endothelial cells in healthy and malignant breast. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5511. [PMID: 36127427 PMCID: PMC9489707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since a detailed inventory of endothelial cell (EC) heterogeneity in breast cancer (BC) is lacking, here we perform single cell RNA-sequencing of 26,515 cells (including 8433 ECs) from 9 BC patients and compare them to published EC taxonomies from lung tumors. Angiogenic ECs are phenotypically similar, while other EC subtypes are different. Predictive interactome analysis reveals known but also previously unreported receptor-ligand interactions between ECs and immune cells, suggesting an involvement of breast EC subtypes in immune responses. We also identify a capillary EC subtype (LIPEC (Lipid Processing EC)), which expresses genes involved in lipid processing that are regulated by PPAR-γ and is more abundant in peri-tumoral breast tissue. Retrospective analysis of 4648 BC patients reveals that treatment with metformin (an indirect PPAR-γ signaling activator) provides long-lasting clinical benefit and is positively associated with LIPEC abundance. Our findings warrant further exploration of this LIPEC/PPAR-γ link for BC treatment. Tumor blood vessels contribute to cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Here, by using single cell transcriptomics, the authors report an inventory of endothelial cell heterogeneity in patients with breast cancer, including a subtype that expresses genes involved in lipid processing and is regulated by PPAR-γ.
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Bou Zerdan M, Ghorayeb T, Saliba F, Allam S, Bou Zerdan M, Yaghi M, Bilani N, Jaafar R, Nahleh Z. Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Updates on Classification and Treatment in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051253. [PMID: 35267561 PMCID: PMC8909187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15 to 20% of all breast cancers in the United States. The main treatment option remains chemotherapy, despite limited efficacy. New biologic and targeted agents are increasingly emerging for the treatment of TNBC. Given the continuous advances in the field of TNBC, this review assesses the latest developments in basic characterization, subtyping, and treatment of TNBC, including novel drug developments with antibody-drug conjugates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and androgen receptor targeted agents. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting women. It is a highly heterogeneous disease broadly defined by the differential expression of cell surface receptors. In the United States, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15 to 20% of all BC. When compared with other subtypes of BC, TNBC tends to present in younger women, and has a higher mortality rate of 40% in advanced stages within the first 5 years after diagnosis. TNBC has historically had limited treatment options when compared to other types of BC. The mainstay of treatment for TNBC remains cytotoxic chemotherapy despite the emergence of new biologic and targeted agents. Defining the specific tumor molecular profile including PDL-1 and androgen receptor testing is expanding treatment options in the clinical setting. Identifying more targetable, novel biomarkers that may better define therapeutic targets or prognostic markers is currently underway. TNBC nomenclature is expected to be updated in favor of other nomenclature which would help direct therapy, and further redefine TNBC’s heterogeneity. Given the continuous advances in the field of TNBC, this review assesses the latest developments in basic characterization, subtyping, and treatment of TNBC, including novel drug developments with antibody-drug conjugates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PARP inhibitors and androgen receptor targeted agents. Future trials are necessary in the face of these innovations to further support the use of new therapies in TNBC and the detection of the appropriate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA; (M.B.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Tala Ghorayeb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Fares Saliba
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh 1200, Lebanon;
| | - Sabine Allam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut 11 00 2807, Lebanon;
| | - Morgan Bou Zerdan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA; (M.B.Z.); (M.Y.)
| | - Nadeem Bilani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Rola Jaafar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11097 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, USA; (M.B.Z.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Association between recurrent breast cancer and phthalate exposure modified by hormone receptors and body mass index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2858. [PMID: 35190574 PMCID: PMC8861041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between phthalate exposure and breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a prospective patient cohort design to explore the interaction between creatinine-corrected urinary phthalate metabolites and hormone receptors as well as body mass index (BMI) on recurrent breast cancer. In this follow-up study, 636 female breast cancer patients and 45 new recurrent cases diagnosed for a total of 1576.68 person-years of follow-up were recruited. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was negatively associated with breast cancer recurrence, with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3rd vs. 1st quartile of 0.15 (95% CI 0.04–0.51). The MEOHP presented as a non-monotonic dose–response (NMDR) curve, being U-shaped. In the stratification of hormone receptors, MEOHP still exhibited a U-shaped dose–response curve. The third quartile of MEOHP showed significant lowest recurrent risk in the status of ER-positive (aHR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.66), PR-negative (aHR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.63), and HER2-negative (aHR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.76). Whether in BMI < 25 or in BMI ≥ 25, the third quartile of MEOHP was negatively associated with recurrent breast cancer, and there was a negative interaction on an additive scale between MEOHP and BMI (pinteraction = 0.042). The association between MEOHP and recurrent breast cancer was modified by hormone receptors and BMI.
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8
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Keckstein S, Tilgener C, Jeschke U, Hofmann S, Vilsmaier T, Kaltofen T, Heidegger H, Batz F, Mahner S, Schröder L. Effects of matcha tea extract on cell viability and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression on T47D breast cancer cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:451-459. [PMID: 35079875 PMCID: PMC9349150 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the following work, we investigated the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent proliferation behavior of breast cancer cells after stimulation with matcha green tea extract (MTE). METHODS T47D cells were stimulated with MTE at concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml. Cell viability was assessed using a WST-1 assay after an incubation time of 72 h. PPARγ expression was quantified at the gene level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A western blot (WB) was carried out for the qualitative assessment of the expression behavior of on a protein level. RESULTS The WST-1 test showed a significant inhibition of viability in T47D cells after 72 h at 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml. The PCR showed an overexpression of PPARγ in T47D cells in all concentrations. At the concentration of 50 µg/ml the expression was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The WB demonstrated a significant quantitative increase of PPARγ at protein level with MTE concentrations of 10 and 50 µg/ml. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the overexpression of PPAR γ and the inhibition of proliferation. CONCLUSION MTE decreases the cell viability of T47D cells and furthermore leads to an overexpression of PPARγ on protein and mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keckstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin Tilgener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology and Transplant Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße. 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Kaltofen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Patra S, Elahi N, Armorer A, Arunachalam S, Omala J, Hamid I, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Mechanisms Governing Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Other Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700629. [PMID: 34631530 PMCID: PMC8495201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic priorities promotes tumor progression. Our understanding of the Warburg effect, based on studies of cultured cancer cells, has evolved to a more complex understanding of tumor metabolism within an ecosystem that provides and catabolizes diverse nutrients provided by the local tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have illustrated that heterogeneous metabolic changes occur at the level of tumor type, tumor subtype, within the tumor itself, and within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, altered metabolism occurs in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment (fibroblasts, immune cells and fat cells). Herein we describe how these growth advantages are obtained through either “convergent” genetic changes, in which common metabolic properties are induced as a final common pathway induced by diverse oncogene factors, or “divergent” genetic changes, in which distinct factors lead to subtype-selective phenotypes and thereby tumor heterogeneity. Metabolic heterogeneity allows subtyping of cancers and further metabolic heterogeneity occurs within the same tumor mass thought of as “microenvironmental metabolic nesting”. Furthermore, recent findings show that mutations of metabolic genes arise in the majority of tumors providing an opportunity for the development of more robust metabolic models of an individual patient’s tumor. The focus of this review is on the mechanisms governing this metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Patra
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Naveed Elahi
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Aaron Armorer
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Swathi Arunachalam
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Joshua Omala
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Iman Hamid
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Program in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Revealing nuclear receptor hub modules from Basal-like breast cancer expression networks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252901. [PMID: 34161324 PMCID: PMC8221501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are a class of transcriptional factors. Together with their co-regulators, they regulate development, homeostasis, and metabolism in a ligand-dependent manner. Their ability to respond to environmental stimuli rapidly makes them versatile cellular components. Their coordinated activities regulate essential pathways in normal physiology and in disease. Due to their complexity, the challenge remains in understanding their direct associations in cancer development. Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive form of breast cancer that often lacks ER, PR and Her2. The absence of these receptors limits the treatment for patients to the non-selective cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs. To identify potential drug targets it is essential to identify the most important nuclear receptor association network motifs in Basal-like subtype progression. This research aimed to reveal the transcriptional network patterns, in the hope to capture the underlying molecular state driving Basal-like oncogenesis. In this work, we illustrate a multidisciplinary approach of integrating an unsupervised machine learning clustering method with network modelling to reveal unique transcriptional patterns (network motifs) underlying Basal-like breast cancer. The unsupervised clustering method provides a natural stratification of breast cancer patients, revealing the underlying heterogeneity in Basal-like. Identification of gene correlation networks (GCNs) from Basal-like patients in both the TCGA and METABRIC databases revealed three critical transcriptional regulatory constellations that are enriched in Basal-like. These represent critical NR components implicated in Basal-like breast cancer transcription. This approach is easily adaptable and applicable to reveal critical signalling relationships in other diseases.
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11
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Combined COX-2/PPARγ Expression as Independent Negative Prognosticator for Vulvar Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030491. [PMID: 33802010 PMCID: PMC8001561 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar cancer incidence numbers have been rising steadily over the past decades. Especially the number of young patients with vulvar cancer increased recently. Therefore, the need to identify new prognostic factors for vulvar carcinoma is more apparent. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has long been an object of scientific interest in the context of carcinogenesis. This enzyme is involved in prostaglandin synthesis and the latter binds to nuclear receptors like PPARγ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate COX-2- and PPARγ- expression in tissues of vulvar carcinomas and to analyze their relevance as prognostic factors. The cytoplasmatic expression of COX-2 as well as PPARγ is associated with a significantly reduced survival, whereas nuclear expression of PPARγ results in a better survival. Especially the combined expression of both COX-2 and PPARγ in the cytoplasm is an independent negative prognosticator for vulvar cancer patients.
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12
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Augimeri G, Giordano C, Gelsomino L, Plastina P, Barone I, Catalano S, Andò S, Bonofiglio D. The Role of PPARγ Ligands in Breast Cancer: From Basic Research to Clinical Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092623. [PMID: 32937951 PMCID: PMC7564201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. In this latter context, PPARγ is expressed in many tumors including breast cancer, and its function upon binding of ligands has been linked to the tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Over the last decade, much research has focused on the potential of natural agonists for PPARγ including fatty acids and prostanoids that act as weak ligands compared to the strong and synthetic PPARγ agonists such as thiazolidinedione drugs. Both natural and synthetic compounds have been implicated in the negative regulation of breast cancer growth and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the role of PPARγ activation in breast cancer focusing on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death, in the modulation of motility and invasion as well as in the cross-talk with other different signaling pathways. Besides, we also provide an overview of the in vivo breast cancer models and clinical studies. The therapeutic effects of natural and synthetic PPARγ ligands, as antineoplastic agents, represent a fascinating and clinically a potential translatable area of research with regards to the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (C.G.); (L.G.); (P.P.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-496208
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14
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Tian H, Liu G, Guo Y, Li Y, Deng M, Liu D, Sun B. Lycopene supplementation regulates the gene expression profile and fat metabolism of breeding hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:936-945. [PMID: 32170789 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of lycopene on the gene expression profile and expression of genes related to fat metabolism of Xinghua breeding hens. Seven hundred and twenty healthy breeding hens were randomly assigned to four treatments; each treatment was replicated six times with 30 hens each. Broken rice and soybean meal were adopted for the basal diet and added with 0 (control group), 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg lycopene respectively. Gene expression profile of the liver induced by lycopene and expression of genes related to fat metabolism in hens liver and intestine were analysed after 42-day feeding trial including 7-day pre-feeding period and 35-day formal period. The genes involved in fat metabolism were analysed, and we found that lycopene significantly increased the expression of PGC1α, PPARα, RXRα and RARα in the liver, PPARγ, RXRα and RXRγ in the jejunum, and RARα in the duodenum (p < .05); reduced the expression of FABP1 and FABP10 in the liver, and FATP4 in the jejunum (p < .05). By analysing gene expression profile, 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 69 up-regulated genes and 89 down-regulated genes were obtained between control group and 40 mg/kg group. KEGG pathway analysis was performed on all DEGs, and 5 pathways were obtained. In conclusion, lycopene can affect the expression of related genes, and this may be one of the reasons that lycopene can regulate fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Tian
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoli Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Shao W, Kuhn C, Mayr D, Ditsch N, Kailuwait M, Wolf V, Harbeck N, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Cavaillès V, Sixou S. Cytoplasmic PPARγ is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with Cox-1 negative primary breast cancers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:94. [PMID: 32085795 PMCID: PMC7035771 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ, together with that of the cyclooxygenases Cox-1 and Cox-2, in breast cancer (BC) tissues and to correlate the data with several clinicobiological parameters including patient survival. Methods In a well characterized cohort of 308 primary BC, PPARγ, Cox-1 and Cox-2 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations with clinicopathological and aggressiveness features were analyzed, as well as survival using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results PPARγ was expressed in almost 58% of the samples with a predominant cytoplasmic location. Cox-1 and Cox-2 were exclusively cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic PPARγ was inversely correlated with nuclear PPARγ and ER expression, but positively with Cox-1, Cox-2, and other high-risk markers of BC, e.g. HER2, CD133, and N-cadherin. Overall survival analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic PPARγ had a strong correlation with poor survival in the whole cohort, and even stronger in the subgroup of patients with no Cox-1 expression where cytoplasmic PPARγ expression appeared as an independent marker of poor prognosis. In support of this cross-talk between PPARγ and Cox-1, we found that Cox-1 became a marker of good prognosis only when cytoplasmic PPARγ was expressed at high levels. Conclusion Altogether, these data suggest that the relative expression of cytoplasmic PPARγ and Cox-1 may play an important role in oncogenesis and could be defined as a potential prognosis marker to identify specific high risk BC subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Shao
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Kailuwait
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Wolf
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Vincent Cavaillès
- IRCM-Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université Montpellier, Parc Euromédecine, 208 rue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sophie Sixou
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France.,Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR 1037, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31037, Toulouse, France
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16
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Mrowka P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E. PPARγ Agonists in Combination Cancer Therapies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 20:197-215. [PMID: 31814555 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191209102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor acting as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, cell cycle, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. These unique properties constitute a strong therapeutic potential that place PPARγ agonists as one of the most interesting and widely studied anticancer molecules. Although PPARγ agonists exert significant, antiproliferative and tumoricidal activity in vitro, their anticancer efficacy in animal models is ambiguous, and their effectiveness in clinical trials in monotherapy is unsatisfactory. However, due to pleiotropic effects of PPARγ activation in normal and tumor cells, PPARγ ligands interact with many antitumor treatment modalities and synergistically potentiate their effectiveness. The most spectacular example is a combination of PPARγ ligands with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In this setting, PPARγ activation sensitizes leukemic stem cells, resistant to any previous form of treatment, to targeted therapy. Thus, this combination is believed to be the first pharmacological therapy able to cure CML patients. Within the last decade, a significant body of data confirming the benefits of the addition of PPARγ ligands to various antitumor therapies, including chemotherapy, hormonotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, has been published. Although the majority of these studies have been carried out in vitro or animal tumor models, a few successful attempts to introduce PPARγ ligands into anticancer therapy in humans have been recently made. In this review, we aim to summarize shines and shadows of targeting PPARγ in antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mrowka
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Joseph C, Al-Izzi S, Alsaleem M, Kurozumi S, Toss MS, Arshad M, Goh FQ, Alshankyty IM, Aleskandarany MA, Ali S, Ellis IO, Mongan NP, Green AR, Rakha EA. Retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRG) is an independent prognostic biomarker in ER-positive invasive breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:776-785. [PMID: 31558802 PMCID: PMC6889395 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid X Receptor Gamma (RXRG) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays a role in tumour suppression. This study aims to explore the prognostic significance of RXRG in breast cancer. METHODS Primary breast cancer tissue microarrays (n = 923) were immuno-stained for RXRG protein and correlated with clinicopathological features, and patient outcome. RESULTS Nuclear RXRG expression was significantly associated with smaller tumour size (p = 0.036), lower grade (p < 0.001), lobular histology (p = 0.016), lower Nottingham Prognostic Index (p = 0.04) and longer breast cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001), and longer time to distant metastasis (p = 0.002). RXRG expression showed positive association with oestrogen receptor (ER)-related biomarkers: GATA3, FOXA1, STAT3 and MED7 (all p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with the Ki67 proliferation marker. Multivariate analysis demonstrated RXRG protein as an independent predictor of longer breast cancer-specific survival and distant metastasis-free survival. In the external validation cohorts, RXRG expression was associated with improved patients' outcome (p = 0.025). In ER-positive tumours, high expression of RXRG was associated with better patient outcome regardless of adjuvant systemic therapy. ER signalling pathway was the top predicted master regulator of RXRG protein expression (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the prognostic value of RXRG in breast cancer particularly the ER-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara Al-Izzi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Maariya Arshad
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fang Qin Goh
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ibraheem M Alshankyty
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Simak Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Cancer Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. .,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt.
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18
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McNamara KM, Guestini F, Sauer T, Touma J, Bukholm IR, Lindstrøm JC, Sasano H, Geisler J. In breast cancer subtypes steroid sulfatase (STS) is associated with less aggressive tumour characteristics. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1208-1216. [PMID: 29563635 PMCID: PMC5943586 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of breast cancer cases are steroid dependent neoplasms, with hormonal manipulation of either CYP19/aromatase or oestrogen receptor alpha axis being the most common therapy. Alternate pathways of steroid actions are documented, but their interconnections and correlations to BC subtypes and clinical outcome could be further explored. METHODS We evaluated selected steroid receptors (Androgen Receptor, Oestrogen Receptor alpha and Beta, Glucocorticoid Receptor) and oestrogen pathways (steroid sulfatase (STS), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (17βHSD2) and aromatase) in a cohort of 139 BC cases from Norway. Using logistic and cox regression analysis, we examined interactions between these and clinical outcomes such as distant metastasis, local relapse and survival. RESULTS Our principal finding is an impact of STS expression on the risk for distant metastasis (p<0.001) and local relapses (p <0.001), HER2 subtype (p<0.015), and survival (p<0.001). The suggestion of a beneficial effect of alternative oestrogen synthesis pathways was strengthened by inverted, but non-significant findings for 17βHSD2. CONCLUSIONS Increased intratumoural metabolism of oestrogens through STS is associated with significantly lower incidence of relapse and/or distant metastasis and correspondingly improved prognosis. The enrichment of STS in the HER2 overexpressing subtype is intriguing, especially given the possible role of HER-2 over-expression in endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely M McNamara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Fouzia Guestini
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai, Japan
| | - Torill Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joel Touma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ida Rashida Bukholm
- Department of Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jonas C Lindstrøm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Helse Sør-Øst Health Services Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Graduate Medicine, Tohoku University Japan, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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19
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Ricciardelli C, Bianco-Miotto T, Jindal S, Butler LM, Leung S, McNeil CM, O'Toole SA, Ebrahimie E, Millar EKA, Sakko AJ, Ruiz AI, Vowler SL, Huntsman DG, Birrell SN, Sutherland RL, Palmieri C, Hickey TE, Tilley WD. The Magnitude of Androgen Receptor Positivity in Breast Cancer Is Critical for Reliable Prediction of Disease Outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29514843 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Consensus is lacking regarding the androgen receptor (AR) as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. The objectives of this study were to comprehensively review the literature on AR prognostication and determine optimal criteria for AR as an independent predictor of breast cancer survival.Experimental Design: AR positivity was assessed by immunostaining in two clinically validated primary breast cancer cohorts [training cohort, n = 219; validation cohort, n = 418; 77% and 79% estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive, respectively]. The optimal AR cut-point was determined by ROC analysis in the training cohort and applied to both cohorts.Results: AR was an independent prognostic marker of breast cancer outcome in 22 of 46 (48%) previous studies that performed multivariate analyses. Most studies used cut-points of 1% or 10% nuclear positivity. Herein, neither 1% nor 10% cut-points were robustly prognostic. ROC analysis revealed that a higher AR cut-point (78% positivity) provided optimal sensitivity and specificity to predict breast cancer survival in the training (HR, 0.41; P = 0.015) and validation (HR, 0.50; P = 0.014) cohorts. Tenfold cross-validation confirmed the robustness of this AR cut-point. Patients with ERα-positive tumors and AR positivity ≥78% had the best survival in both cohorts (P < 0.0001). Among the combined ERα-positive cases, those with comparable or higher levels of AR (AR:ERα-positivity ratio >0.87) had the best outcomes (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: This study defines an optimal AR cut-point to reliably predict breast cancer survival. Testing this cut-point in prospective cohorts is warranted for implementation of AR as a prognostic factor in the clinical management of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2328-41. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Ricciardelli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shalini Jindal
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catriona M McNeil
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra A O'Toole
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ewan K A Millar
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sakko
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra I Ruiz
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah L Vowler
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David G Huntsman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen N Birrell
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert L Sutherland
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Academic Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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20
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Li JZ, Qu H, Wu J, Zhang F, Jia ZB, Sun JY, Lv B, Kang Y, Jiang SL, Kang K. Metabolic profiles of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived stromal cells from elderly coronary heart disease patients by capillary liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:184-194. [PMID: 29115374 PMCID: PMC5746296 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is a promising option for patients with atherosclerotic conditions, including coronary artery disease. However, the potential differences in the metabolic characteristics between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and ADSCs have remained to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of BMSCs and ADSCs via liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. BMSCs and ADSCs obtained from elderly coronary heart disease patients were cultured, and after three passages, supernatants of each cell type were collected and systematically analysed. Substantial differences were detected between the metabolite signatures of ADSCs and BMSCs. In addition, further analysis using partial least-squares discriminant analysis score plots indicated significant differences between the supernatants of the two cell types. The following metabolites were deemed to be responsible for the potential differences in the metabolic characteristics of BMSCs and ADSCs: D-lactic acid, hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, α-D-glucose, bovinic acid, 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid, glyceraldehyde, phenylpyruvic acid, L-octanoylcarnitine, retinyl ester, α-ketoisovaleric acid, guanidoacetic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, imidazoleacetic acid riboside, sphingosine and pseudouridine 5′-phosphate. Based on these findings, there may be significant differences in the following metabolic pathways: The linoleic acid metabolic pathway, galactose metabolism, argentines and proline metabolism, retinol metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, galactose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In conclusion, substantial differences in metabolic characteristics were detected between BMSCs and ADSCs, which may be associated with the different efficacies of atherosclerosis therapies employing these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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21
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Doan TB, Graham JD, Clarke CL. Emerging functional roles of nuclear receptors in breast cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R169-R190. [PMID: 28087820 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) have been targets of intensive drug development for decades due to their roles as key regulators of multiple developmental, physiological and disease processes. In breast cancer, expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptor remains clinically important in predicting prognosis and determining therapeutic strategies. More recently, there is growing evidence supporting the involvement of multiple nuclear receptors other than the estrogen and progesterone receptors, in the regulation of various processes important to the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We review new insights into the mechanisms of action of NRs made possible by recent advances in genomic technologies and focus on the emerging functional roles of NRs in breast cancer biology, including their involvement in circadian regulation, metabolic reprogramming and breast cancer migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram B Doan
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Dinny Graham
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchSydney Medical School - Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Tang Q, Wu J, Zheng F, Chen Y, Hann SS. WITHDRAWN: Emodin increases expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 through activation of MEK/ERK/AMPKα and interaction of PPARγ and Sp1 in lung cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016:S0925-4439(16)30223-X. [PMID: 27615428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to an error in the publishing process, this article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors. We wish to clarify that this is in no way related to the integrity of the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - JingJing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - YuQing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510120.
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23
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Lehnen TE, da Silva MR, Camacho A, Marcadenti A, Lehnen AM. A review on effects of conjugated linoleic fatty acid (CLA) upon body composition and energetic metabolism. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015; 12:36. [PMID: 26388708 PMCID: PMC4574006 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is highly found in fats from ruminants and it appears to favorably modify the body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. The capacity of CLA to reduce the body fat levels as well as its benefic actions on glycemic profile, atherosclerosis and cancer has already been proved in experimental models. Furthermore, CLA supplementation may modulate the immune function, help re-synthetize of glycogen and potentiate the bone mineralization. CLA supplementation also could increase the lipolysis and reduce the accumulation of fatty acids on the adipose tissue; the putative mechanisms involved may be its action in reducing the lipase lipoprotein activity and to increase the carnitine-palmitoil-transferase-1 (CAT-1) activity, its interaction with PPARγ, and to raise the expression of UCP-1. Although studies made in human have shown some benefits of CLA supplementation as the weight loss, the results are still discordant. Moreover, some have shown adverse effects, such as negative effects on glucose metabolism and lipid profile. The purpose of this article is to review the available data regarding the benefits of CLA on the energetic metabolism and body composition, emphasizing action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ederich Lehnen
- Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Porto Alegre, Brazil ; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395 Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Camacho
- Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Porto Alegre, Brazil ; Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Porto Alegre, Brazil ; Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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