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Turashvili G. Nonneoplastic and neoplastic sclerosing lesions of the breast. Histopathology 2024; 85:383-396. [PMID: 38923027 DOI: 10.1111/his.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sclerosing lesions of the breast encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant entities and often pose a diagnostic challenge. Awareness of key morphologic features and pitfalls in the assessment of morphology and immunophenotype is essential to avoid over- or underdiagnosis and ensure optimal clinical management. This review summarizes nonneoplastic sclerosing lesions such as radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion, sclerosing adenosis, sclerosing intraductal papilloma, sclerosing variants of ductal adenoma and nipple adenoma, and fibroadenoma with extensive sclerosis, including their clinical presentation, characteristic morphology, differential diagnostic considerations, appropriate immunohistochemical work-up, when needed, and the clinical significance. In addition, atypical or neoplastic entities (such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, and fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma) that can involve these sclerosing lesions are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li Y, Wei XL, Pang KK, Ni PJ, Wu M, Xiao J, Zhang LL, Zhang FX. A comparative study on the features of breast sclerosing adenosis and invasive ductal carcinoma via ultrasound and establishment of a predictive nomogram. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1276524. [PMID: 37936612 PMCID: PMC10627161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of breast sclerosing adenosis (SA) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and construct a predictive nomogram for SA. Materials and methods A total of 865 patients were recruited at the Second Hospital of Shandong University from January 2016 to November 2022. All patients underwent routine breast ultrasound examinations before surgery, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination following the operation. Ultrasonic features were recorded using the Breast Imaging Data and Reporting System (BI-RADS). Of the 865 patients, 203 (252 nodules) were diagnosed as SA and 662 (731 nodules) as IDC. They were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 6:4. Lastly, the difference in clinical characteristics and ultrasonic features were comparatively analyzed. Result There was a statistically significant difference in multiple clinical and ultrasonic features between SA and IDC (P<0.05). As age and lesion size increased, the probability of SA significantly decreased, with a cut-off value of 36 years old and 10 mm, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis of the training set, age, nodule size, menopausal status, clinical symptoms, palpability of lesions, margins, internal echo, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) grading, and resistance index (RI) were statistically significant (P<0.05). These indicators were included in the static and dynamic nomogram model, which showed high predictive performance, calibration and clinical value in both the training and validation sets. Conclusion SA should be suspected in asymptomatic young women, especially those younger than 36 years of age, who present with small-size lesions (especially less than 10 mm) with distinct margins, homogeneous internal echo, and lack of blood supply. The nomogram model can provide a more convenient tool for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-liang Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun-kun Pang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping-juan Ni
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu-lu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei-xue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zheng J, Wang X, Li J, Wu Y, Chang J, Xin J, Wang M, Wang T, Wei Q, Wang M, Zhang R. Rare variants confer shared susceptibility to gastrointestinal tract cancer risk. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1161639. [PMID: 37483484 PMCID: PMC10358854 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1161639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancers arising within the gastrointestinal tract are complex disorders involving genetic events that cause the conversion of normal tissue to premalignant lesions and malignancy. Shared genetic features are reported in epithelial-based gastrointestinal cancers which indicate common susceptibility among this group of malignancies. In addition, the contribution of rare variants may constitute parts of genetic susceptibility. Methods A cross-cancer analysis of 38,171 shared rare genetic variants from genome-wide association assays was conducted, which included data from 3,194 cases and 1,455 controls across three cancer sites (esophageal, gastric and colorectal). The SNP-level association was performed by multivariate logistic regression analyses for single cancer, followed by association analysis for SubSETs (ASSET) to adjust the bias of overlapping controls. Gene-level analyses were conducted by SKAT-O, with multiple comparison adjustments by false discovery rate (FDR). Based on the significant genes indicated by SKATO analysis, pathways analysis was conducted using Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome databases. Results Meta-analysis in three gastrointestinal (GI) cancers identified 13 novel susceptibility loci that reached genome-wide significance (P ASSET< 5×10-8). SKAT-O analysis revealed EXOC6, LRP5L and MIR1263/LINC01324 to be significant genes shared by GI cancers (P adj<0.05, P FDR<0.05). Furthermore, GO pathway analysis identified significant enrichment of synaptic transmission and neuron development pathways shared by all three cancer types. Conclusion Rare variants and the corresponding genes potentially contribute to shared susceptibility in different GI cancer types. The discovery of these novel variants and genes offers new insights for the carcinogenic mechanisms and missing heritability of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingrao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanna Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianpei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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A Novel Prognostic Four-Gene Signature of Breast Cancer Identified by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5925982. [PMID: 35265226 PMCID: PMC8898848 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5925982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular analysis facilitates the prediction of overall survival (OS) of breast cancer and decision-making of the treatment plan. The current study was designed to identify new prognostic genes for breast cancer and construct an effective prognostic signature with integrated bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed genes in breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were filtered by univariate Cox regression analysis. The prognostic model was optimized by the Akaike information criterion and further validated using the TCGA dataset (n = 1014) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (n = 307). The correlation between the risk score and clinical information was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Functional pathways in relation to high-risk and low-risk groups were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Four prognostic genes (EXOC6, GPC6, PCK2, and NFATC2) were screened and used to construct a prognostic model, which showed robust performance in classifying the high-risk and low-risk groups. The risk score was significantly related to clinical features and OS. We identified 19 functional pathways significantly associated with the risk score. This study constructed a new prognostic model with a high prediction performance for breast cancer. The four-gene prognostic signature could serve as an effective tool to predict prognosis and assist the management of breast cancer patients.
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Jung I, Kim M, Rhee S, Lim S, Kim S. MONTI: A Multi-Omics Non-negative Tensor Decomposition Framework for Gene-Level Integrative Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:682841. [PMID: 34567063 PMCID: PMC8461247 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.682841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics data is frequently measured to enrich the comprehension of biological mechanisms underlying certain phenotypes. However, due to the complex relations and high dimension of multi-omics data, it is difficult to associate omics features to certain biological traits of interest. For example, the clinically valuable breast cancer subtypes are well-defined at the molecular level, but are poorly classified using gene expression data. Here, we propose a multi-omics analysis method called MONTI (Multi-Omics Non-negative Tensor decomposition for Integrative analysis), which goal is to select multi-omics features that are able to represent trait specific characteristics. Here, we demonstrate the strength of multi-omics integrated analysis in terms of cancer subtyping. The multi-omics data are first integrated in a biologically meaningful manner to form a three dimensional tensor, which is then decomposed using a non-negative tensor decomposition method. From the result, MONTI selects highly informative subtype specific multi-omics features. MONTI was applied to three case studies of 597 breast cancer, 314 colon cancer, and 305 stomach cancer cohorts. For all the case studies, we found that the subtype classification accuracy significantly improved when utilizing all available multi-omics data. MONTI was able to detect subtype specific gene sets that showed to be strongly regulated by certain omics, from which correlation between omics types could be inferred. Furthermore, various clinical attributes of nine cancer types were analyzed using MONTI, which showed that some clinical attributes could be well explained using multi-omics data. We demonstrated that integrating multi-omics data in a gene centric manner improves detecting cancer subtype specific features and other clinical features, which may be used to further understand the molecular characteristics of interest. The software and data used in this study are available at: https://github.com/inukj/MONTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Jung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Computing and Computational Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sungmin Rhee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Computing and Computational Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Chornoguz O, Leettola CN, Leander K, Brosnan K, Emmell E, Chiu ML, Santulli-Marotto S. Characterization of a Novel Bispecific Antibody That Activates T Cells In Vitro and Slows Tumor Growth In Vivo. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 38:242-254. [PMID: 31825302 PMCID: PMC6918852 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2019.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CD3 T cell redirecting antibodies have been successfully utilized for the treatment of hematological malignancies (blinatumomab), the T cell signaling pathways induced by these molecules are incompletely understood. To gain insight into the mechanism of action for T cell redirection antibodies, we created a novel murine CD3xEpCAM bispecific antibody that incorporates a silent Fc to dissect function and signaling of murine CD8 OT1 T cells upon stimulation. T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, expression of activation markers, and proliferation were directly induced in T cells treated with the novel CD3xEpCAM bispecific molecule in vitro in the presence of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expressing tumor cells. Nanostring analysis showed that CD3xEpCAM induced a gene expression profile that resembled antigen-mediated activation, although the magnitude was lower than that of the antigen-induced response. In addition, this CD3xEpCAM bispecific antibody exhibited in vivo efficacy. This is the first study that investigates both in vitro and in vivo murine CD8 T cell function and signaling induced by a CD3xEpCAM antibody having a silent Fc to delineate differences between antigen-independent and antigen-specific T cell activation. These findings expand the understanding of T cell function and signaling induced by CD3 redirection bispecific antibodies and may help to develop more efficacious CD3 redirection therapeutics for cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Chornoguz
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Karen Leander
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Kerry Brosnan
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Emmell
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark L Chiu
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania
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Bhagwate AV, Liu Y, Winham SJ, McDonough SJ, Stallings-Mann ML, Heinzen EP, Davila JI, Vierkant RA, Hoskin TL, Frost M, Carter JM, Radisky DC, Cunningham JM, Degnim AC, Wang C. Bioinformatics and DNA-extraction strategies to reliably detect genetic variants from FFPE breast tissue samples. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:689. [PMID: 31477010 PMCID: PMC6720378 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples are valuable clinical resources to examine clinically relevant morphology features and also to study genetic changes. However, DNA quality and quantity of FFPE samples are often sub-optimal, and resulting NGS-based genetics variant detections are prone to false positives. Evaluations of wet-lab and bioinformatics approaches are needed to optimize variant detection from FFPE samples. Results As a pilot study, we designed within-subject triplicate samples of DNA derived from paired FFPE and fresh frozen breast tissues to highlight FFPE-specific artifacts. For FFPE samples, we tested two FFPE DNA extraction methods to determine impact of wet-lab procedures on variant calling: QIAGEN QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (“QA”), and QIAGEN GeneRead DNA FFPE Kit (“QGR”). We also used negative-control (NA12891) and positive control samples (Horizon Discovery Reference Standard FFPE). All DNA sample libraries were prepared for NGS according to the QIAseq Human Breast Cancer Targeted DNA Panel protocol and sequenced on the HiSeq 4000. Variant calling and filtering were performed using QIAGEN Gene Globe Data Portal. Detailed variant concordance comparisons and mutational signature analysis were performed to investigate effects of FFPE samples compared to paired fresh frozen samples, along with different DNA extraction methods. In this study, we found that five times or more variants were called with FFPE samples, compared to their paired fresh-frozen tissue samples even after applying molecular barcoding error-correction and default bioinformatics filtering recommended by the vendor. We also found that QGR as an optimized FFPE-DNA extraction approach leads to much fewer discordant variants between paired fresh frozen and FFPE samples. Approximately 92% of the uniquely called FFPE variants were of low allelic frequency range (< 5%), and collectively shared a “C > T|G > A” mutational signature known to be representative of FFPE artifacts resulting from cytosine deamination. Based on control samples and FFPE-frozen replicates, we derived an effective filtering strategy with associated empirical false-discovery estimates. Conclusions Through this study, we demonstrated feasibility of calling and filtering genetic variants from FFPE tissue samples using a combined strategy with molecular barcodes, optimized DNA extraction, and bioinformatics methods incorporating genomics context such as mutational signature and variant allelic frequency. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6056-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Vijay Bhagwate
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Samantha J McDonough
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Ethan P Heinzen
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jaime I Davila
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marlene Frost
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jodi M Carter
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Departments of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Departments of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Salahandish R, Ghaffarinejad A, Naghib SM, Majidzadeh-A K, Zargartalebi H, Sanati-Nezhad A. Nano-biosensor for highly sensitive detection of HER2 positive breast cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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