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Ivanović V, Tepavčević S, Dedović-Tanić N, Milovanović Z, Stojiljković B, Vasiljević T, Mandušić V. Additional confirmation of successful cell suspension fractionation of metastatic axillary node tissue. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155439. [PMID: 38968667 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
We present herein an extension to our recently developed and published method termed "Fractionation of Nodal Cell Suspension" (FNCS). The method enables efficient subcellular fractionation into nuclear (N) and cytosolic (C) compartments of extremely fibrous and problematic metastatic axillary lymph node (mALN) tissue, using the entire nodule. For the purpose of the present study, a case of invasive lobular breast cancer (BC) patient with pT2N3aMx status and defined primary tumor markers (ERα 8, PR-B 8, and HER2 score 0) was available. Initially, the mALN tissue of this patient was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and a positive correlation of nodal ERα, PR-B and HER2 biomarkers to those of the primary tumor was obtained. Subsequently, the mALN was FNCS fractionated into N and C, and Western blot (WB) analysis demonstrated a single band for ERα, PR-B and nuclear loading control (HDAC1) in nuclear, but not in the cytosolic compartments, confirming the efficiency of our fractionation protocol. At the same time, HER2 bands were not observed in either compartment, in accordance with HER2 negativity determined by IHC in both primary tumor and mALN tissue. In conclusion, by confirming the nuclear expression of ERα and PR-B biomarkers in metastatic loci, we demonstrate the purity of the FNCS-generated compartments - the protocol that offers a reliable tool for further analysis of nuclear versus cytosolic content in downstream analysis of novel biomarkers in the whole mALN of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Ivanović
- Department for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Tepavčević
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nasta Dedović-Tanić
- Department for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; State University of Novi Pazar, Department for Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Vesna Mandušić
- Department for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Keske A, Shetty S, Weisman P, Yu Q, McGregor SM, Xu J. A SOX10+/AR- immunoprofile may identify a subset of low positive ER carcinomas with a wider range of ER expression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154628. [PMID: 37399589 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) that strongly express SOX10 are almost always negative for androgen receptor (AR). Furthermore, this SOX10+/AR- subset of IBC is nearly always estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative (ER-/PR-), being most commonly seen in triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC), but also in a small subset of HER2+/ER-/PR- IBC. Following our previous work demonstrating the expression of SOX10 in a subset of IBC with "low positive" ER expression (i.e. 1-10 % ER+ staining based on CAP guidelines, here referred to as "ER-low"), we sought to investigate the expression of both SOX10 and AR in a larger cohort of ER-low tumors. As our previous work also revealed occasional SOX10 expression in IBC with >10 % ER+ staining, we also included tumors with any percentage of ER staining, as long as the staining intensity was weak (this subset is referred to as "ER-weak"). METHODS We screened cases of HER2-/ER+ IBC diagnosed at our institution over a 10 year period, identified both ER-low and ER-weak tumors and stained both groups with SOX10 and AR. RESULTS Strong SOX10 expression was seen in 12/25 (48 %) ER-low tumors and 13/24 (54 %) ER-weak tumors. ER staining in the SOX10+ subset of ER-weak tumors ranged from 15 %-80 % (median 25 %). As expected, AR was negative in all but 1 of the SOX10+ tumors in both groups. While case numbers in these groups were too small for a meaningful statistical analysis, we did note that all SOX10+/AR- tumors within both the ER-low and ER-weak groups were histologic grade 3. CONCLUSION The presence of a SOX10+/AR- profile in a significant subset of ER-low tumors confirms the findings of our previous work and provides further support for the proposed functionally ER negative status of this group. Furthermore, the fact that the same SOX10+/AR- profile is seen in a roughly equal subset of ER-weak tumors suggests that a wider range of ER staining may be acceptable as "low positive" in SOX10+/AR- tumors, as long as the ER staining is of weak intensity. However, given the small number of cases in this single institution study, we emphasize the need for larger studies to establish the biological and clinical significance of this tumor subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Keske
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sindhu Shetty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Paul Weisman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiqi Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie M McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3224, USA
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhou J, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang H, Shi H, Yue C, Jia F, Li P, Hu Z, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Wang T. Prognostic Relevance of Estrogen Receptor Status in Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Endocrine Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:866293. [PMID: 35574364 PMCID: PMC9097586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.866293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, female breast cancer (BC) has surpassed lung cancer to occupy the first place of the most commonly diagnosed cancer. The unsatisfactory prognosis of endocrine therapy for breast cancer might be attributed to the discordance in estrogen receptor (ER) status between primary tumors and corresponding metastases, as well as temporal and spatial receptor status heterogeneity at point-in-time between biopsy and treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of ER status in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BC patients. We analyzed ER expression on CTCs isolated using the Pep@MNPs method in 2.0 ml of blood samples from 70 patients with BC and 67 female controls. The predictive and prognostic value of ER expression in CTCs and immunohistochemistry results of biopsies for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients in response to therapies were assessed. The detection rate for CTCs was 95.71% (67/70 patients), with a median of 8 CTCs within 2 ml of peripheral venous blood (PVB). A concordance of 76.56% in ER status between CTCs and corresponding primary tumor and 69.23% between CTCs and corresponding metastases was observed. We also found that patients with ER-positive CTCs (CTC ER+) had longer PFS and OS than those without ER-positive CTCs (CTC ER-). Our findings suggested that ER status in CTCs of BC patients may provide valuable predictive and prognostic insights into endocrine therapies, although further evaluation in larger prospective trials is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmei Zhou
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Xiao
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Nanopep Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Haoyuan Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.,School of Nanoscience and Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zefei Jiang
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Breast Cancer Department, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Ramadan WS, Talaat IM, Hachim MY, Lischka A, Gemoll T, El-Awady R. The impact of CBP expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:72. [PMID: 33827682 PMCID: PMC8028106 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic prominence will greatly enhance the management of breast cancer (BC). Several reports suggest the involvement of the histone acetyltransferases CREB-binding protein (CBP) and general control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) in tumor formation; however, their clinical significance in BC remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the value of CBP and GCN5 as markers and/or targets for BC prognosis and therapy. Expression of CBP, GCN5, estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in BC was analyzed in cell lines by western blot and in patients’ tissues by immunohistochemistry. The gene amplification data were also analyzed for CBP and GCN5 using the publicly available data from BC patients. Results Elevated expression of CBP and GCN5 was detected in BC tissues from patients and cell lines more than normal ones. In particular, CBP was more expressed in luminal A and B subtypes. Using chemical and biological inhibitors for CBP, ERα and HER2 showed a strong association between CBP and the expression of ERα and HER2. Moreover, analysis of the CREBBP (for CBP) and KAT2A (for GCN5) genes in a larger number of patients in publicly available databases showed amplification of both genes in BC patients. Amplification of CREBBP gene was observed in luminal A, luminal B and triple-negative but not in HER2 overexpressing subtypes. Furthermore, patients with high CREBBP or KAT2A gene expression had better 5-year disease-free survival than the low gene expression group (p = 0.0018 and p < 0.00001, respectively). Conclusions We conclude that the persistent amplification and overexpression of CBP in ERα- and PR-positive BC highlights the significance of CBP as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in hormone-positive BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01060-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmood Y Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annette Lischka
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Zhong Y, Ding B, Qian L, Wu W, Wen Y. Hormone Receptor Expression on Endocrine Therapy in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Am Surg 2020; 88:48-57. [PMID: 33382340 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820972327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of hormone receptor expression on endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer. METHODS The databases were used to collect the effect of high expression and low expression of hormone receptors on the efficacy of endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Two evaluators independently screened the literature based on preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the article was evaluated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) system. The survival data included in the literature were extracted and the ln(hazard ratio (HR)) and se[ln(HR)] of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were calculated according to different level of hormone receptors. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to evaluate the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 13 relevant literature were included in the study. There were 8318 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 7926 progesterone receptor (PR)-positive patients. Overall survival, DFS, and RFS rates in high expression of ER(+) patients were significantly higher in low expression of ER(+) patients (OS HR = .59, 95% confidence interval (CI): .46-.76, P < .0001; DFS HR = .62, 95%CI: .50-.76, P < .00001; RFS HR = .44, 95% CI: .33-.58, P < .00001). In patients with high expression of PR(+), OS, DFS, and RFS rates were significantly higher than those with low expression of PR(+) (OS HR = .66, 95% CI: .57-.78, P < .00001; DFS HR = .52, 95% CI: .42-.65, P < .00001; RFS HR = .24, 95% CI: .11-.53, P = .0004). CONCLUSION The expression of ER and PR are powerful predictors of adjuvant endocrine therapy response. Breast cancer patients with high expression of hormone receptors benefit more from endocrine therapy and have better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Zhong
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Boni Ding
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Liyuan Qian
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Yanguang Wen
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
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6
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Hou N, Xiao J, Wang Z, Wu Y, Hou G, Guo L, Zhang J, Ling R. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Individually Predicting Pathologic Complete Remission After Preoperative Chemotherapy in Chinese Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e682-e694. [PMID: 32713825 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the independent predictors of pathologic complete remission response (pCR) for Chinese patients with breast cancer (BC) after preoperative chemotherapy and to develop an individualized nomogram for predicting the probability of pCR. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinicopathologic data of clinical stage I-III BC patients who received preoperative chemotherapy in Xijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 689 BC patients diagnosed in 2015-2017 were included in the training set to develop a nomogram. A separate cohort of 357 patients in the same center was regarded as a validation set for externally examining the performance of the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curve were used to verify the predictive performance of the nomogram. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors of pCR were menopause status at diagnosis, family history of BC, initial tumor size, estrogen receptor status, HER2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) status, and Ki-67 expression. On the basis of these factors, a nomogram was developed using R software. Our nomogram had good discrimination in the training and validation set (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.762 and 0.768, respectively). The calibration curves further confirmed that the model performs well. CONCLUSION Menopause status and family history of BC were independent predictors of pCR after preoperative chemotherapy for the first time. The nomogram can accurately predict pCR rate in BC, which may provide some guidelines for breast surgery options and patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Hou
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Guangdong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Juliang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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7
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Qazi MS, McGregor SM. Combined use of SOX10 and GATA3 in mammary carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152801. [PMID: 31924335 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complementary coverage of different subsets of breast cancer by GATA3 and SOX10 makes their use in combination appealing for routine clinical use, but study of these markers has been largely limited to cases with high or absent ER expression. Here we report SOX10 and GATA3 immunostaining in parallel using a tissue microarray containing 246 invasive breast carcinoma cases with a range of ER expression. GATA3 and SOX10 were positive in 93 % (229/246) and 15 % (38/246) of cases overall and in 63 % (24/38) and 74 % (28/38) of triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC), respectively; SOX10 was positive in 15 of the 17 cases that lacked GATA3 expression (88 %). SOX10 was also positive in 3 % (6/196) of ER + cases, including 50 % of cases with low ER (3/6), 20 % with intermediate ER (3/15), and 0 % with high ER (n = 175), so that ER-low cases more strongly resembled TNBC than those with high ER expression. GATA3 expression was lower in cases that co-expressed SOX10 in comparison to those that were positive for GATA3 alone. Less than 1 % (2/246) of cases were negative for both GATA3 and SOX10. Therefore, SOX10 is a useful adjunct to GATA3 in the detection of TNBC and cases with low ER expression and/or reduced GATA3 intensity relative to that typical of breast cancers with higher ER expression. Moreover, given such high sensitivity, metastatic tumors lacking either GATA3 or SOX10 are unlikely to be of breast origin. Additional study is necessary to determine the extent to which SOX10 may also improve specificity and to characterize its biologic significance in breast cancers with low ER expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Qazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, United States.
| | - Stephanie M McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, United States.
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Noordhoek I, de Groot AF, Cohen D, Liefers GJ, Portielje JEA, Kroep JR. Higher ER load is not associated with better outcome in stage 1-3 breast cancer: a descriptive overview of quantitative HR analysis in operable breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:27-36. [PMID: 30997625 PMCID: PMC6548750 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In breast cancer, hormone receptor (HR) status is generally a qualitative measure; positive or negative. Quantitatively measured oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) are frequently proposed prognostic and predictive markers, some guidelines even provide different treatment options for patients with strong versus weak expression. AIM To evaluate quantitative HR load assessed by immunohistochemistry as a prognostic and predictive measure in stage 1-3 breast cancer. METHODS We reviewed all the available literature on quantitatively measured HRs using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All included studies (n = 19) comprised a cohort of 30,754 patients. Only 2 out of 17 studies found a clear correlation between higher quantitative ER and better disease outcome. Only one trial examined quantitative ER both as prognostic and predictive marker and found no association between ER% and survival. Ten studies examined quantitative PR load, only two of those found a significant correlation between higher PR load and better disease outcome. Two trials examined quantitative PR both as prognostic and predictive marker, neither found any association between PR% and disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS There is no clear evidence for using quantitatively assessed ER and PR as prognostic nor predictive marker in patients with stage 1-3 breast cancer. We recommend only using a qualitative HR status in future guidelines and treatment considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Noordhoek
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - A F de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G J Liefers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J E A Portielje
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J R Kroep
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Xu W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lv S, Xu X, Dong X. Screening of differentially expressed genes and identification of NUF2 as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:390-404. [PMID: 31198978 PMCID: PMC6605639 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer (BC) and investigate NDC80 kinetochore complex component (NUF2) as a prognostic marker of BC in detail. A total of four BC microarray datasets, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, were used to screen DEGs. A total of 190 DEGs with the same expression trends were identified in the 4 datasets, including 65 upregulated and 125 downregulated DEGs. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The upregulated DEGs were enriched for 10 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 7 pathways, and the downregulated DEGs were enriched for 10 GO terms and 10 pathways. A protein‑protein interaction network containing 149 nodes and 930 edges was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, and 2 functional modules were identified using the MCODE plugin of Cytoscape. Based on an in‑depth analysis of module 1 and literature mining, NUF2 was selected for further research. Oncomine database analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR showed that NUF2 is significantly upregulated in BC tissues. In analyses of correlations between NUF2 and clinical pathological characteristics, NUF2 was significantly associated with the malignant features of BC. Using 5 additional datasets from GEO, it was demonstrated that NUF2 has a significant prognostic role in both ER‑positive and ER‑negative BC. A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that NUF2 may regulate breast carcinogenesis and progression via cell cycle‑related pathways. The results of the present study demonstrated that NUF2 is overexpressed in BC and is significantly associated with its multiple pathological features and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Shanmei Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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