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Huang X, Yin T, Song M, Pan J. Association of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor genetic polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 296:65-75. [PMID: 38402782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen and progesterone play key roles in the maintenance of pregnancy, and their function is mediated via estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)/estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and progesterone receptor (PGR), respectively. It has been suggested the genetic variations in ESR1, ESR2, and PGR may contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); however, the available evidence remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relation of various polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, and PGR genes to the risk of RPL. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus up to August 2023 to obtain relevant studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed and pooled with the use of random-effects models to test the associations. RESULTS A total of 31 studies with 12 different polymorphisms, including 5 polymorphisms for ESR1, 3 polymorphisms for ESR2, and 4 polymorphisms for PGR, were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant relationship was found between various polymorphisms of ESR1 and ESR2 with RPL in any of the genetic analysis models. PGR rs590688 (C > G) polymorphism was significantly related to the elevated risk of RPL under the dominant (OR = 1.67; 95 %CI: 1.15-2.44), allelic (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI: 1.13-2.12), and GC vs. CC (OR = 1.55; 95 %CI: 1.07-2.23) models. No significant association was identified for other variants of PGR gene. CONCLUSION Unlike estrogen receptors, variations in PGR rs590688 (C > G) may be linked to the increased risk of RPL. More studies are required to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojingsan Road, Jinan 250001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojingsan Road, Jinan 250001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojingsan Road, Jinan 250001, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, No.2, Jianguo Xiaojingsan Road, Jinan 250001, Shandong, PR China.
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Tsuchida Y, Niikura N, Chishima T, Mizuno M, Kawate T, Fuchikami H, Miyoshi Y, Sakai T, Kotani H, Kondo N, Hayashi N. Correlation between postoperative treatment selection and prognosis determined using the Oncotype DX® test data: a retrospective multicenter study in Japan. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:401-408. [PMID: 38451415 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncotype DX® is a frequently used multigene assay for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. However, limited evidence is available regarding its application in Japan owing to the lack of insurance coverage. Therefore, we conducted this large-scale, retrospective study by collecting data from nine Japanese institutes and assessed postoperative treatment choice and prognosis by using Oncotype DX®. METHODS Six hundred thirty-two patients who underwent breast surgery and whose recurrence score (RS) data were available were included. They were divided into RS 0-25 and RS ≥ 26 groups. The groups were compared in terms of clinicopathological factors, treatment options, and prognosis. RESULTS After the median follow-up period of 10.1 years, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were significantly better in the RS 0-25 group (p = 0.02). Per the recurrent event type, there was no significant intergroup difference in locoregional recurrence (p = 0.139). However, a trend toward better distant DFS was observed in the RS 0-25 group (p = 0.08). Overall survival was also significantly better in this group (p = 0.027). Considering chemotherapy use, DFS worsened among chemotherapy-treated patients with an RS of 0-25 and those with an RS ≥ 26 who did not receive chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Seven (1.35%) chemotherapy-treated patients with an RS of 0-25 showed disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the largest database-derived prognostic data in Japanese patients, utilizing the Oncotype DX® treatment selection. Further studies are needed to determine the impact on treatment choice, considering the clinical risk, and the need for additional postoperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasue Tsuchida
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Niikura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Mizuno
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kawate
- Department of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fuchikami
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokyo-West Tokushukai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sakai
- Department of Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruru Kotani
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoto Kondo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinahawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan.
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Xing D, Lv Y, Sun B, Chu T, Bao Q, Zhang H. Develop and Validate a Nomogram Combining Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography Deep Learning with Clinical-Pathological Features to Predict Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Patients with ER-Positive/HER2-Negative Breast Cancer. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00200-9. [PMID: 38641451 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a nomogram that combines contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) deep learning with clinical-pathological features to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response (either low Miller Payne (MP-L) grades 1-2 or high MP (MP-H) grades 3-5) in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 265 breast cancer patients were randomly allocated into training and test sets (used for models training and testing, respectively) at a 4:1 ratio. Deep learning models, based on the pre-trained ResNet34 model and initially fine-tuned for identifying breast cancer, were trained using low-energy and subtracted CESM images. The predicted results served as deep learning features for the deep learning-based model. Clinical-pathological features, including age, progesterone receptor (PR) status, estrogen receptor (ER) status, Ki67 expression levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, were used for the clinical model. All these features contributed to the nomogram. Feature selection was performed through univariate analysis. Logistic regression models were developed and chosen using a stepwise selection method. The deep learning-based and clinical models, along with the nomogram, were evaluated using precision-recall curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, specificity, recall, accuracy, negative predictive value, positive predictive value (PPV), balanced accuracy, F1-score, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The nomogram demonstrated considerable predictive ability, with higher area under the ROC curve (0.95, P < 0.05), accuracy (0.94), specificity (0.98), PPV (0.89), and precision (0.89) compared to the deep learning-based and clinical models. In DCA, the nomogram showed substantial clinical value in assisting breast cancer treatment decisions, exhibiting a higher net benefit than the other models. CONCLUSION The nomogram, integrating CESM deep learning with clinical-pathological features, proved valuable for predicting NAC response in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Nomogram outperformed deep learning-based and clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xing
- Department of Radiology,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000 China
| | - Yongbin Lv
- Department of Radiology,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000 China
| | - Bolin Sun
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Tongpeng Chu
- Department of Radiology,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000 China; Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Qianhao Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250300, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Radiology,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000 China.
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Lin D, Thompson CL, Demalis A, Derbes R, Al-Shaar L, Spielfogel ES, Sturgeon KM. Association between pre-diagnosis recreational physical activity and risk of breast cancer recurrence: the California Teachers Study. Cancer Causes Control 2024:10.1007/s10552-024-01870-8. [PMID: 38613744 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have reported inverse associations of pre-diagnosis recreational physical activity (RPA) level with all-cause and breast cancer (BCa)-specific mortality among BCa patients. However, the association between pre-diagnosis RPA level and BCa recurrence is unclear. We investigated the association between pre-diagnosis RPA level and risk of BCa recurrence in the California Teachers Study (CTS). METHODS Stage I-IIIb BCa survivors (n = 6,479) were followed with median of 7.4 years, and 474 BCa recurrence cases were identified. Long-term (from high school to age at baseline questionnaire, or, age 55 years, whichever was younger) and baseline (past 3 years reported at baseline questionnaire) pre-diagnosis RPA levels were converted to metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week (MET-hrs/wk). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of BCa recurrence overall and by estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status. RESULTS Long-term RPA was not associated with BCa recurrence risk (ptrend = 0.99). The inverse association between baseline pre-diagnosis RPA level and BCa recurrence risk was marginally significant (≥26.0 vs. <3.4 MET-hrs/wk: HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.60-1.03; ptrend = 0.07). However, the association became non-significant after adjusting for post-diagnosis RPA (ptrend = 0.65). An inverse association between baseline pre-diagnosis RPA level and BCa recurrence risk was observed in ER-PR- cases (≥26.0 vs. <3.4 MET-hrs/wk: HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13-0.72; ptrend = 0.04), but not in ER+ or PR+ cases (ptrend = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that the benefit of baseline RPA on BCa recurrence may differ by tumor characteristics. This information may be particularly important for populations at higher risk of ER-PR- BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH69, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Cheryl L Thompson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH69, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Alaina Demalis
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Rebecca Derbes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH69, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH69, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Emma S Spielfogel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kathleen M Sturgeon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH69, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Peters AL, Hall PS, Jordan LB, Soh FY, Hannington L, Makaranka S, Urquhart G, Vallet M, Cartwright D, Marashi H, Elsberger B. Enhancing clinical decision support with genomic tools in breast cancer: A Scottish perspective. Breast 2024; 75:103728. [PMID: 38657322 PMCID: PMC11061332 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2024.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Oncotype DX Breast RS test has been adopted in Scotland and has been the subject of a large population-based study by a Scottish Consensus Group to assess the uptake of the recurrence score (RS), evaluate co-variates associated with the RS and to analyse the effect it may have had on clinical practice. MATERIALS & METHODS Pan-Scotland study between August 2018-August 2021 evaluating 833 patients who had a RS test performed as part of their diagnostic pathway. Data was extracted retrospectively from electronic records and analysis conducted to describe change in chemotherapy administration (by direct comparison with conventional risk assessment tools), and univariate/multivariate analysis to assess relationship between covariates and the RS. RESULTS Chemotherapy treatment was strongly influenced by the RS (p < 0.001). Only 30 % of patients received chemotherapy treatment in the intermediate and high risk PREDICT groups, where chemotherapy is considered. Additionally, 55.5 % of patients with a high risk PREDICT had a low RS and did not receive chemotherapy. There were 17 % of patients with a low risk PREDICT but high RS who received chemotherapy. Multivariate regression analysis showed the progesterone receptor Allred score (PR score) to be a strong independent predictor of the RS, with a negative PR score being associated with high RS (OR 4.49, p < 0.001). Increasing grade was also associated with high RS (OR 3.81, p < 0.001). Classic lobular pathology was associated with a low RS in comparison to other tumour pathology (p < 0.01). Nodal disease was associated with a lower RS (p = 0.012) on univariate analysis, with menopausal status (p = 0.43) not influencing the RS on univariate or multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Genomic assays offer the potential for risk-stratified decision making regarding the use of chemotherapy. They can help reduce unnecessary chemotherapy treatment and identify a subgroup of patients with more adverse genomic tumour biology. A recent publication by Health Improvement Scotland (HIS) has updated guidance on use of the RS test for NHS Scotland. It suggests to limit its use to the intermediate risk PREDICT group. Our study shows the impact of the RS test in the low and high risk PREDICT groups. The implementation across Scotland has resulted in a notable shift in practice, leading to a significant reduction in chemotherapy administration in the setting of high risk PREDICT scores returning low risk RS. There has also been utility for the test in the low risk PREDICT group to detect a small subgroup with a high RS. We have found the PR score to have a strong independent association with high risk RS. This finding was not evaluated by the key RS test papers, and the potential prognostic information provided by the PR score as a surrogate biomarker is an outstanding question that requires more research to validate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Peters
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK; Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - P S Hall
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - L B Jordan
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, NHS Tayside, Department of Pathology, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - F Y Soh
- Raigmore Hospital, NHS Highland, Department of Oncology, Inverness IV2 3UJ, UK
| | - L Hannington
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - S Makaranka
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Department of Breast Surgery, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - G Urquhart
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Department of Oncology, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - M Vallet
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - D Cartwright
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK; Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - H Marashi
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, 1053 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - B Elsberger
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Department of Breast Surgery, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK
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Chen H, Gui X, Zhou Z, Su F, Gong C, Li S, Wu W, Rao N, Liu Q, Yao H. Distinct ER and PR expression patterns significantly affect the clinical outcomes of early HER2-positive breast cancer: A real-world analysis of 871 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Breast 2024; 75:103733. [PMID: 38615482 PMCID: PMC11026842 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2024.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of distinct estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression patterns on tumor behavior and treatment outcomes within HER2-positive breast cancer is not fully explored. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the clinical differences among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer harboring distinct ER and PR expression patterns in the neoadjuvant setting. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 871 HER2-positive breast patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy at our hospital between 2011 and 2022. Comparisons were performed across the three hormone receptor (HR)-specific subtypes, namely the ER-negative/PR-negative/HER2-positive (ER-/PR-/HER2+), the single HR-positive (HR+)/HER2+, and the triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) subtypes. RESULTS Of 871 patients, 21.0% had ER-/PR-/HER2+ tumors, 33.6% had single HR+/HER2+ disease, and 45.4% had TPBC. Individuals with single HR+/HER2+ tumors and TPBC cases demonstrated significantly lower pathological complete response (pCR) rates compared to those with ER-/PR-/HER2+ tumors (36.9% vs. 24.3% vs. 49.2%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed TPBC as significantly associated with decreased pCR likelihood (OR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.28-0.63, p < 0.001). Survival outcomes, including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), showed no significant differences across HR-specific subtypes in the overall patient population. However, within patients without anti-HER2 therapy, TPBC was linked to improved DFS and a trend towards better OS. CONCLUSIONS HER2-positive breast cancer exhibited three distinct HR-specific subtypes with varying clinical manifestations and treatment responses. These findings suggest personalized treatment strategies considering ER and PR expression patterns, emphasizing the need for further investigations to unravel molecular traits underlying HER2-positive breast cancer with distinct HR expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Gui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunrong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanyan Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Centre, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Sköld C, Corvigno S, Dahlstrand H, Enblad G, Mezheyeuski A, Sundström-Poromaa I, Stålberg K, Tolf A, Glimelius I, Koliadi A. Association between parity and pregnancy-associated tumor features in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2024:10.1007/s10552-024-01876-2. [PMID: 38578428 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-024-01876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is the most common ovarian cancer subtype. Parity is an important risk-reducing factor, but the underlying mechanism behind the protective effect is unclear. Our aim was to study if the expression of hormones and proteins involved in pregnancy were affected by the woman's parity status, and if they may be associated with tumor stage and survival. METHODS We evaluated expression of progesterone receptor (PR), progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), relaxin-2, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in tumor tissue from 92 women with HGSC parous (n = 73) and nulliparous (n = 19). Key findings were then evaluated in an independent expansion cohort of 49 patients. Survival rates by hormone/protein expression were illustrated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The independent prognostic value was tested by Cox regression, using models adjusted for established poor-prognostic factors (age at diagnosis, FIGO stage, type of surgery, and macroscopic residual tumor after surgery). RESULTS HGSC tumors from parous women were PR positive (≥ 1% PR expression in tumor cells) more often than tumors from nulliparous women (42% vs. 16%; p-value 0.04), and having more children was associated with developing PR positive tumors [i.e., ≥ 3 children versus nulliparity, adjusted for age at diagnosis and stage: OR 4.31 (95% CI 1.12-19.69)]. A similar result was seen in the expansion cohort. Parity status had no impact on expression of PGRMC1, relaxin-2 and TGFβ1. No associations were seen with tumor stage or survival. CONCLUSION Tumors from parous women with HGSC expressed PR more often than tumors from nulliparous women, indicating that pregnancies might possibly have a long-lasting impact on ovarian cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Sköld
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Karin Stålberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Tolf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthoula Koliadi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wittayavimol N, Iwabuchi E, Pateetin P, Miki Y, Onodera Y, Sasano H, Boonyaratanakornkit V. Progesterone receptor-Grb2 interaction is associated with better outcomes in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106441. [PMID: 38070754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In addition to mediating nuclear transcription, PR mediates extranuclear functions mainly through the PR polyproline domain (PPD) interaction with the SH3 domain of cytoplasmic signaling molecules. PR-PPD-SH3 interaction inhibits EGF-mediated signaling and decreases lung cancer cell proliferation. Grb2 is an essential adaptor molecule with an SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. In this study, we examined whether PR, through interaction between PR-PPD and Grb2-SH3, can interact with Grb2 in cells and breast cancer tissues. Our previous study shows that interaction between PR-PPD and Grb2 could interfere with cytoplasmic signaling and lead to inhibition of EGF-mediated signaling. GST-pulldown analysis shows that PR-PPD specifically interacts with the SH3 domains of Grb2. Immunofluorescence staining shows colocalization of PR and Grb2 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in BT-474 breast cancer cells. Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) analysis, we show that PR and Grb2 interact in breast cancer cells through the Grb2-SH3 domain. Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) analysis of 43 breast cancer specimens shows that PR-Grb2 interaction is associated with low histological stage and negatively correlates with lymph node invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. These results, together with our previous findings, suggest that PR-PPD interaction with Grb2 plays an essential role in PR-mediated growth factor signaling inhibition and could contribute significantly to better prognosis in PR- and Grb2-positive breast cancer. Our finding provides a basis for additional studies to explore a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattamolphan Wittayavimol
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Prangwan Pateetin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Disaster Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDes), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sewnarain S, Singh S, Naicker T. Placental progesterone and its receptor in HIV-infected pre-eclamptic women. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:255-267. [PMID: 37975897 PMCID: PMC10912128 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of HIV infection and pre-eclampsia (PE) in South Africa, this study evaluated and compared the placental immunostaining of progesterone (P) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the synergy of HIV-infected PE compared to normotensive pregnant women using immunohistochemistry interfaced with morphometric image analysis. Progesterone immunostaining was expressed widely across exchange and conducting villi within mesenchymal, endothelial, and trophoblast cells. In contrast, PR was expressed within syncytiotrophoblasts and was absent within endothelial cells. In exchange villi, P and PR immuno-expression was significantly lower in PE compared to the normotensive group (p = < 0.0001 and p = < 0.0001, respectively) and within the early-onset pre-eclampsia (EOPE) compared to the late-onset pre-eclampsia (LOPE) group (p = < 0.0001 and p = < 0.0001, respectively). Progesterone immuno-expression was significantly lower in the HIV+ compared to the HIV- group (p = < 0.0001), whilst PR was non-significant. In conducting villi, P and PR immuno-expression was significantly lower in the EOPE compared to the LOPE group (p = < 0.0001 and p = < 0.0001, respectively) and in the HIV+ compared to the HIV- group (p = < 0.0001 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Progesterone immuno-expression was slightly higher in the PE compared to normotensive group, and PR immuno-expression was non-significant. There was a significant difference between P and PR within exchange versus conducting villi regardless of pregnancy type, with villi type accounting for 34.47% and 15.28% of total variance for P and PR, respectively. Placental P and PR immuno-expression is downregulated in the duality of PE and HIV+ infection. The use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) may result in defective P synthesis, which causes insufficient binding to its receptors. Consequently, PI3K/AKT, JAK-STAT, and MAPK signalling pathways are affected, impairing trophoblast invasion and leading to pre-eclampsia development. Notably, the decrease in P and PR immuno-expression in EOPE validates their effect on placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serisha Sewnarain
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Shoohana Singh
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, College of Health Sciences, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, Durban, 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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10
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Louw-du Toit R, Simons M, Africander D. Progestins and breast cancer hallmarks: The role of the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106440. [PMID: 38048919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Progestins used in hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been linked to increased breast cancer risk. Whether the association holds for all progestins is unclear and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We directly compared the effects of four progestins (medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone acetate (NET-A), levonorgestrel (LNG) and drospirenone (DRSP)) to each other and the natural progestogen progesterone (P4) on selected cancer hallmarks. To provide mechanistic insight into these effects, we assessed the role of the progesterone receptor (PR), and the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N terminal (JNK) signaling pathways. We showed that the increased proliferation of the luminal T47D breast cancer cell line by P4 and all progestins, albeit to different extents, was inhibited by PR knockdown and inhibition of both the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. While knockdown of the PR also blocked the upregulation of MKI67 and CCND1 mRNA expression by selected progestogens, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be established in these effects. Similarly, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be confirmed for progestogen-induced colony formation, whereas both the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways were required for cell migration in response to the three older progestins implicated in the etiology of breast cancer, MPA, NET-A and LNG. Together our results show that all the progestins elicit their effects on cell proliferation via a mechanism requiring the PR, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. While the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways are also required for increased cell migration by the older progestins, only a role for the ERK1/2 pathway could be established in their effects on colony formation. Notably, the cytoplasmic PR was not needed for activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by the progestogens. Given that DRSP showed significantly lower proliferation than MPA and NET-A, and that it had no effect on breast cancer cell migration and colony formation, hormonal formulations containing the newer generation progestin DRSP may provide a better benefit/risk profile towards breast cancer than those containing the older generation progestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Louw-du Toit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Mishkah Simons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Donita Africander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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11
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Schierano-Marotti G, Altamirano GA, Oddi S, Gomez AL, Meyer N, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Zenclussen AC, Rodríguez HA, Kass L. Branching morphogenesis of the mouse mammary gland after exposure to benzophenone-3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116868. [PMID: 38382712 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pubertal mammary branching morphogenesis is a hormone-regulated process susceptible to exposure to chemicals with endocrine disruptive capacity, such as the UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP3). Our aim was to assess whether intrauterine or in vitro exposure to BP3 modified the branching morphogenesis of the female mouse mammary gland. For this, pregnant mice were dermally exposed to BP3 (0.15 or 50 mg/kg/day) from gestation day (GD) 8.5 to GD18.5. Sesame oil treatment served as control. Changes of the mammary glands of the offspring were studied on postnatal day 45. Further, mammary organoids from untreated mice were cultured under branching induction conditions and exposed for 9 days to BP3 (1 × 10-6 M, 1 × 10-9 M, or 1 × 10-12 M with 0.01% ethanol as control) to evaluate the branching progression. Mice that were exposed to BP3 in utero showed decreased mRNA levels of progesterone receptor (PR) and WNT4. However, estradiol and progesterone serum levels, mammary histomorphology, proliferation, and protein expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and PR were not significantly altered. Interestingly, direct exposure to BP3 in vitro also decreased the mRNA levels of PR, RANKL, and amphiregulin without affecting the branching progression. Most effects were found after exposure to 50 mg/kg/day or 1 × 10-6 M of BP3, both related to sunscreen application in humans. In conclusion, exposure to BP3 does not impair mammary branching morphogenesis in our models. However, BP3 affects PR transcriptional expression and its downstream mediators, suggesting that exposure to BP3 might affect other developmental stages of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Schierano-Marotti
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sofia Oddi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Horacio A Rodríguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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12
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Font-Mateu J, Sanllehí P, Sot J, Abad B, Mateos N, Torreno-Pina JA, Ferrari R, Wright RHG, Garcia-Parajo MF, Joglar J, Goñi FM, Beato M. A progesterone derivative linked to a stable phospholipid activates breast cancer cell response without leaving the cell membrane. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:98. [PMID: 38386110 PMCID: PMC10884080 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In hormone-responsive breast cancer cells, progesterone (P4) has been shown to act via its nuclear receptor (nPR), a ligand-activated transcription factor. A small fraction of progesterone receptor is palmitoylated and anchored to the cell membrane (mbPR) forming a complex with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Upon hormone exposure, either directly or via interaction with ERα, mbPR activates the SRC/RAS/ERK kinase pathway leading to phosphorylation of nPR by ERK. Kinase activation is essential for P4 gene regulation, as the ERK and MSK1 kinases are recruited by the nPR to its genomic binding sites and trigger chromatin remodeling. An interesting open question is whether activation of mbPR can result in gene regulation in the absence of ligand binding to intracellular progesterone receptor (iPR). This matter has been investigated in the past using P4 attached to serum albumin, but the attachment is leaky and albumin can be endocytosed and degraded, liberating P4. Here, we propose a more stringent approach to address this issue by ensuring attachment of P4 to the cell membrane via covalent binding to a stable phospholipid. This strategy identifies the actions of P4 independent from hormone binding to iPR. We found that a membrane-attached progestin can activate mbPR, the ERK signaling pathway leading to iPR phosphorylation, initial gene regulation and entry into the cell cycle, in the absence of detectable intracellular progestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Font-Mateu
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Sanllehí
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abad
- SGIKER, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nicolas Mateos
- The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotòniques, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Andres Torreno-Pina
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotòniques, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roni H G Wright
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotòniques, 08860, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Miguel Beato
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Wu P, Wu SG, He ZY. Nomogram Update to Predict the High Genomic Risk Breast Cancer by Different Races. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:e61-e70.e3. [PMID: 38007348 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a nomogram to predict the high-risk recurrence score (RS) and to customize the nomogram for different races in early-stage hormone receptor (HoR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. METHODS Patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were included from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results oncotype DX database. The nomogram was assessed with a receiver operating characteristic curve to measure the area under the curve (AUC) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The nomogram was developed and internally validated for discrimination and calibration, and then validated in different races. RESULTS A total of 48,464 patients were included and randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 36370, 75.0%) and validation cohort (n = 12,094, 25.0%). Patients in the training cohort were identified to develop the nomogram, including 32,683 (89.9%) White women, 3135 (8.6%) Black women, and 552 (1.5%) Chinese women. Five independent predictive factors for high-risk RS were included to develop the nomogram, including tumor grade, progesterone receptor status, histological subtype, race, and tumor stage. The AUC was 0.696 (95% CI, 0.682-0.710) in the training cohort and 0.700 (95% CI, 0.676-0.724) in the validation cohort. There was no significant difference between the training cohort and the validation cohort. When validating the nomogram classified by race, the AUC was 0.694 (95% CI, 0.682-0.706) for the White cohort, 0.708 (95% CI, 0.673-0.743) for the Black cohort, and 0.653 (95% CI, 0.565-0.741) for the Chinese cohort. CONCLUSION The developed nomogram for predicting high-risk RS is available for different races in patients with HoR+/HER2- breast cancer, which could be used as qualified surrogates before ordering the 21-gene RS testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Yu He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Dou H, Li F, Wang Y, Chen X, Yu P, Jia S, Ba Y, Luo D, Gao T, Li Z, Xiao M. Estrogen receptor-negative/ progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer has distinct characteristics and pathologic complete response rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38178166 PMCID: PMC10765627 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The status of hormone receptors (HR) is an independent factor affecting survival and chemotherapy sensitivity in breast cancer (BC) patients, with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) having the most significant effects. The ER-/PR + phenotype has been controversial in BC, and experts will face many challenges in determining treatment strategies. Herein, we systematically analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of the ER-/PR + phenotype in BC patients and the response to chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included two cohorts. The first cohort counted the relationship between clinicopathologic data and survival outcomes for 72,666 female patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The second cohort analyzed the relationship between clinicopathological data and pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in 879 patients at the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital. The classification data were compared by the chi-square test and Fister's exact test of the Logistic regression model, and predictor variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate regression analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method evaluated breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) to investigate the relationship between different HR typing and survival and pCR. RESULTS In the two cohorts, 704 (0.9%) and 11 (1.3%) patients had the ER-/PR + phenotype, respectively. The clinicopathologic features of patients with the ER-/PR + phenotype are more similar to those of the ER-/PR- phenotype. The ER-/PR + phenotype is more common in younger and premenopausal women, and most ER-/PR + phenotypes exhibit higher histological grades. Survival analysis showed that there were significant differences in OS and BCSS among patients with different HR states (P < 0.001). The survival results of patients with the ER + /PR + phenotype were the best. The prognosis of the ER-/PR + phenotype was similar to that of the ER-/PR- phenotype. On the other hand, we found that HR status was also an independent predictor of post-NAC pCR rate in BC patients. The ER + /PR- and ER-/PR- phenotypes were more sensitive to chemotherapy than the ER + /PR + phenotypes. CONCLUSION HR status is the main factor affecting BC's survival outcome and pCR rate. Patients with the ER-/PR + phenotype possess more aggressive biological factors and can benefit significantly from chemotherapy. We need to pay more attention to this group and achieve individualized treatment, which will help us treat BC better and provide new targets and blueprints for our clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Dou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyan Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Ba
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Wang X, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang Y, Yang Q, Gao E, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Cai S, Chen Z, Cai C, Dong Y, Bao J, Cheng J. Positive Progesterone Receptor Expression in Meningioma May Increase the Transverse Relaxation: First Prospective Clinical Trial Using Single-Shot Ultrafast T 2 Mapping. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:187-198. [PMID: 37316368 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This project aims to investigate the diagnostic performance of multiple overlapping-echo detachment imaging (MOLED) technique-derived transverse relaxation time (T2) maps in predicting progesterone receptor (PR) and S100 expression in meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS 63 meningioma patients were enrolled from October 2021 to August 2022, who underwent a complete routine magnetic resonance imaging and T2 MOLED, which can characterize the whole brain transverse relaxation time within 32 seconds in a single scan. After the surgical resection of meningiomas, the expression levels of PR and S100 were determined by an experienced pathologist using immunohistochemistry techniques. Histogram analysis was performed in tumor parenchyma based on the parametric maps. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for the comparison of histogram parameters between different groups, with a significance level of P < .05. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with 95% confidence interval were conducted for the diagnostic efficiency evaluation. RESULTS PR-positive group had significantly elevated T2 histogram parameters (P = .001-.049) compared to the PR-negative group. The multivariate logistic regression model with T2 showed the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting PR expression (AUC=0.818). Additionally, the multivariate model also had the best diagnostic performance for predicting meningioma S100 expression (AUC=0.768). CONCLUSION The MOLED technique-derived T2 maps can distinguish PR and S100 status in meningiomas preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongye Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (H.Z.)
| | - Yijie Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Y.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Yuchuan Zhuang
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (Y.Z.)
| | - Qinqin Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Y.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Eryuan Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Yanan Ren
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Y.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Y.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Congbo Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Y.Y., Q.Y., S.C., Z.C., C.C.)
| | - Yanbo Dong
- Institute of Psychology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia (Y.D.)
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.)
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou 450000, China (Z.L., X.W., Y.Z., E.G., Y.R., Y.Z., J.B., J.C.).
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16
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Dai D, Wu H, Zhuang H, Chen R, Long C, Chen B. Genetic and clinical landscape of ER + /PR- breast cancer in China. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1189. [PMID: 38049758 PMCID: PMC10696783 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-negative (ER + /PR-) breast cancer comprise a special type. More than 10% breast cancer patients belonged to ER + /PR-. METHODS In order to better understand this patient population, we utilized a unique dataset from China, examining the clinicopathological features and genomic profiles of ER + /PR- breast cancers. Our study involved three cohorts: Cohort 1 included 2120 unselected ER-positive female patients with re-evaluated clinicopathological and survival data; Cohort 2 comprised 442 ER-positive females who underwent genetic testing; and Cohort 3 consisted of 77 ER-positive/HER2-negative females tested with MammaPrint and BluePrint. RESULTS Patients were stratified into four categories based on the PR/ER ratio. Clinically, ER + /PR- tumors (PR/ER ratio = 0) showed the lowest proportion of T1 tumors (10.88%) and highest proportion of HER2-positive tumors (28.36%) than did other ER + /PR + tumors groups. The ER + /PR- group contained a higher number of underweight patients (20.20%). Independently of HER2 status, ER + /PR- patients demonstrated the poorest prognosis. Genomically, the most prevalent mutations were PIK3CA (50%) in ER + /PR + tumors and TP53 (65%) in ER + /PR- tumors. ER + /PR- tumors presented more frequent mutations in TP53, ERBB2, CDK12, SPEN, and NEB, with mutation rates of 65%, 42%, 27%, 13%, and 10%, respectively. Additionally, the Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) was higher in the ER + /PR- group compared to the ER + /PR + group. The MammaPrint score for the ER + /PR-/HER2- group was significantly lower than that of other groups. In the BluePrint analysis, only four patients were classified as Basal-Type, all of whom were ER + /PR-/HER2-. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified the clinical and genetic characteristics of ER + /PR- breast cancer patients in China. Distinct PR statuses indicated different biological processes of ER + breast cancer and survival outcomes. Future treatment strategies may need to be tailored for ER + /PR- patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danian Dai
- Department of Plastic and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongkai Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Breast Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Long
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Maternal Child Health-Care Hospital, Yueyang, 414000, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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17
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Berkel C, Cacan E. The expression of O-linked glycosyltransferase GALNT7 in breast cancer is dependent on estrogen-, progesterone-, and HER2-receptor status, with prognostic implications. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:631-644. [PMID: 37947928 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
GALNT7 is a glycosyltransferase enzyme transferring N-acetylgalactosamine to initiate O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) are important biomarkers in the prognosis and molecular subtyping of breast cancer. Here, we showed that ER-positive, PR-positive or HER2-positive breast tumors have higher expression of GALNT7 compared to ER-negative, PR-negative or HER2-negative breast tumors, respectively. We found that CpG-aggregated methylation of GALNT7 gene is decreased, and in parallel, its transcript levels are increased in breast cancer compared to healthy breast tissue. We observed that the difference in the expression of GALNT7 between negative and positive status of the receptors is the highest for HER2, followed by ER and PR, pointing that HER2 might be relatively more influential than ER and PR on the expression of GALNT7 in breast cancer. We reported that basal-like breast tumors have decreased expression of GALNT7 compared to non-basal-like tumors, and that high GALNT7 expression is associated with favorable relapse-free and distant metastasis-free survival in HER2 status-dependent manner in breast cancer patients. Moreover, we showed that GALNT7 expression in breast cancer is cell type- (epithelial vs stromal cells), tumor grade- and ethnicity-dependent. Combined, we propose that GALNT7 might contribute to different clinical outcomes depending on the receptor status in breast cancer, and that a better understanding of GALNT7 and its function in the context of breast cancer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Berkel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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18
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Lee SG, Park JE, Cheon YP, Kim JM. Gestational Exposure to Bisphenol A Causes DNA Hypomethylation and the Upregulation of Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Uterus in Adult Female Offspring Rats. Dev Reprod 2023; 27:195-203. [PMID: 38292232 PMCID: PMC10824565 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2023.27.4.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals, during the gestational period can have profound adverse effects on several organs in offspring. Bisphenol A (BPA) can infiltrate the human body through food and drinks, and its metabolites can cross both the placental and the blood-brain barriers. In this study, we investigate the effect of gestational exposure to BPA on epigenetic, biochemical, and histological modifications in the uterine tissues of F1 adult offspring rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to BPA from gestational day 8-15, and changes in global DNA methylation in uterine tissues obtained from adult offspring born to the exposed mothers were analyzed. Global DNA methylation analysis revealed that gestational exposure to BPA resulted in DNA hypomethylation in the uterus. Progesterone receptor (PR) protein expression in uterine tissues was monitored using western blot analysis, which revealed that the PR protein content was considerably higher in all BPA-exposed groups than in the control. Immunohistochemical examination for the PR revealed that intense PR-positive cells were more frequently observed in the BPA-exposed group than in the control group. To date, the evidence that the upregulation of PRs observed in the present study was caused by the non-methylation of specific PR promoter regions is lacking. Conclusively, these results indicate that exposure to BPA during gestation induces epigenetic alterations in the uteri of adult female offspring. We speculate that the global DNA hypomethylation and upregulation of the PR observed simultaneously in this study might be associated with the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gee Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan
49201, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan
49201, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University,
Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan
49201, Korea
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19
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Diep CH, Mauro LJ, Lange CA. Navigating a plethora of progesterone receptors: Comments on the safety/risk of progesterone supplementation in women with a history of breast cancer or at high-risk for developing breast cancer. Steroids 2023; 200:109329. [PMID: 37884178 PMCID: PMC10842046 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone and progestin agonists are potent steroid hormones. There are at least three major types of progesterone receptor (PR) families that interact with and respond to progesterone or progestin ligands. These receptors include ligand-activated transcription factor isoforms (PR-A and PR-B) encoded by the PGR gene, often termed classical or nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR), membrane-spanning progesterone receptor membrane component proteins known as PGRMC1/2, and a large family of progestin/adipoQreceptors or PAQRs (also called membrane PRs or mPRs). Cross-talk between mPRs and nPRs has also been reported. The complexity of progesterone actions via a plethora of diverse receptors warrants careful consideration of the clinical applications of progesterone, which primarily include birth control formulations in young women and hormone replacement therapy following menopause. Herein, we focus on the benefits and risk of progesterone/progestin supplementation. We conclude that progesterone-only supplementation is considered safe for most reproductive-age women. However, women who currently have ER + breast cancer or have had such cancer in the past should not take sex hormones, including progesterone. Women at high-risk for developing breast or ovarian cancer, either due to their family history or known genetic factors (such as BRCA1/2 mutation) or hormonal conditions, should avoid exogenous sex hormones and proceed with caution when considering using natural hormones to mitigate menopausal symptoms and/or improve quality of life after menopause. These individuals are urged to consult with a qualified OB-GYN physician to thoroughly assess the risks and benefits of sex hormone supplementation. As new insights into the homeostatic roles and specificity of highly integrated rapid signaling and nPR actions are revealed, we are hopeful that the benefits of using progesterone use may be fully realized without an increased risk of women's cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Diep
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Mauro
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation) and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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20
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Wu L, Huang X, Wang R, Li Y, Zhu H, Ouyang Y, Huang W. Increased Expression of TGF-β1 Contributes to the Downregulation of Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium of Infertile Women with Minimal/Mild Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3578-3589. [PMID: 37531067 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disease associated with impaired immunoregulation. In our recent study, we have characterized the trascriptomic transformation of eutopic endometrium from patients with minimal/mild endometriosis and controls across the menstrual cycle. However, the regulatory mechanism of altered immune microenvironment in eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) remains unclear. Here, we want to explore the regulation of immune cell to progesterone resistance and endometrial receptivity in the eutopic ESCs by cytokine (TGF-β1), and to understand the effect of TGF-β1 on the decidualization of the eutopic ESCs. Primary culture of eutopic ESCs was performed to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of Smad and progesterone receptor (PR) and the in vitro decidualization. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to explore the direct interaction between Smad and PR. We found an attenuate expression of PRB protein (p=0.026) after using TGF-β1 in eutopic ESCs, although the difference of PRA before and after treatment was not significant (p=0.678). Similarly, the results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of PR (p<0.001), PRB (p=0.003) and HOXA10 (p<0.001) decreased significantly after TGF-β1 treatment, but that increased (p<0.023, for all) after SB431542 treatment in the eutopic ESCs. Moreover, TGF-β1 has a negative effect on the in vitro decidualization of eutopic ESCs (p=0.003). And the group with treatment of both TGF-β1 and SB435142 in eutopic ESCs showed significant decidual-like changes with increased prolactin level (p=0.01). We did not observe any physical interaction between the PR and p-Smad3/Smad3 proteins by using Co-IP. By activating TGF-β/Smad signaling in eutopic ESCs, elevated TGF-β1 from CD45+ immune cells could attenuate expression of PR, and further decrease endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukanxuan Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunwei Ouyang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Maddahi A, Warfvinge K, Holm A, Edvinsson JCA, Reducha PV, Kazantzi S, Haanes KA, Edvinsson L. Progesterone distribution in the trigeminal system and its role to modulate sensory neurotransmission: influence of sex. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:154. [PMID: 37957603 PMCID: PMC10644471 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are disproportionately affected by migraine, representing up to 75% of all migraine cases. This discrepancy has been proposed to be influenced by differences in hormone levels between the sexes. One such hormone is progesterone. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) system is an important factor in migraine pathophysiology and could be influenced by circulating hormones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of progesterone and its receptor (PR) in the trigeminovascular system, and to examine the role of progesterone to modulate sensory neurotransmission. METHODS Trigeminal ganglion (TG), hypothalamus, dura mater, and the basilar artery from male and female rats were carefully dissected. Expression of progesterone and PR proteins, and mRNA levels from TG and hypothalamus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. CGRP release from TG and dura mater were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the vasomotor effect of progesterone on male and female basilar artery segments was investigated with myography. RESULTS Progesterone and progesterone receptor -A (PR-A) immunoreactivity were found in TG. Progesterone was located predominantly in cell membranes and in Aδ-fibers, and PR-A was found in neuronal cytoplasm and nucleus, and in satellite glial cells. The number of positive progesterone immunoreactive cells in the TG was higher in female compared to male rats. The PR mRNA was expressed in both hypothalamus and TG; however, the PR expression level was significantly higher in the hypothalamus. Progesterone did not induce a significant change neither in basal level nor upon stimulated release of CGRP from dura mater or TG in male or female rats when compared to the vehicle control. However, pre-treated with 10 µM progesterone weakly enhanced capsaicin induced CGRP release observed in the dura mater of male rats. Similarly, in male basilar arteries, progesterone significantly amplified the dilation in response to capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results highlight the potential for progesterone to modulate sensory neurotransmission and vascular responses in a complex manner, with effects varying by sex, tissue type, and the nature of the stimulus. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and physiological implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Maddahi
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Holm
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jacob C A Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip Victor Reducha
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Spyridoula Kazantzi
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Hadionnejad R, Abdollahi A, Bahari A, Fatahnia F, Masoumi R, Green MP, Vazirigohar M, Mansouryar M. Pre- and post-weaning nutrition status affects sheep mammary gland morphology and promotes differential gene expression. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1686-1693. [PMID: 34985376 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how varying the plane of nutrition before and after weaning can influence gene expression that drives mammary gland development (MGD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate this paradigm in a seasonal sheep breed. Forty pre-weaning 30-day old Kurdish female lambs were fed either a low-nutrient and protein (L; 2.0 Mcal ME/kg DM; 8.70% crude protein [CP]) or high-nutrient and protein diet (H; 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM; 14.80% CP). At d 120 (weaning), lambs were allocated into a 2 × 2 arrangement based on pre- and post-weaning diets, resulting in four groups (LL, LH, HL, HH). On d 210, mammary biopsy samples were taken for histomorphological and gene expression studies. Alveoli were larger in HH compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). Whilst estrogen receptor-alpha, progesterone receptor, growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 gene expression was modulated depending on pre- or post-weaning nutritional levels (p < 0.01). Overall, a consistent high plane of nutrition promoted MGD, with more a complex relationship evident between the expression of genes critical for mammary gland function and development. These findings provide scope for future tailored nutritional strategies to optimize both liveweight gain and MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mirzaei-Alamouti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - R Hadionnejad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - A Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Bahari
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - F Fatahnia
- Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - R Masoumi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Vazirigohar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M Mansouryar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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23
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Watson J, Wang T, Ho KL, Feng Y, Mahawan T, Dobbin KK, Zhao S. Human basal-like breast cancer is represented by one of the two mammary tumor subtypes in dogs. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:114. [PMID: 37789381 PMCID: PMC10546663 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20% of breast cancers in humans are basal-like, a subtype that is often triple-negative and difficult to treat. An effective translational model for basal-like breast cancer is currently lacking and urgently needed. To determine whether spontaneous mammary tumors in pet dogs could meet this need, we subtyped canine mammary tumors and evaluated the dog-human molecular homology at the subtype level. METHODS We subtyped 236 canine mammary tumors from 3 studies by applying various subtyping strategies on their RNA-seq data. We then performed PAM50 classification with canine tumors alone, as well as with canine tumors combined with human breast tumors. We identified feature genes for human BLBC and luminal A subtypes via machine learning and used these genes to repeat canine-alone and cross-species tumor classifications. We investigated differential gene expression, signature gene set enrichment, expression association, mutational landscape, and other features for dog-human subtype comparison. RESULTS Our independent genome-wide subtyping consistently identified two molecularly distinct subtypes among the canine tumors. One subtype is mostly basal-like and clusters with human BLBC in cross-species PAM50 and feature gene classifications, while the other subtype does not cluster with any human breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, the canine basal-like subtype recaptures key molecular features (e.g., cell cycle gene upregulation, TP53 mutation) and gene expression patterns that characterize human BLBC. It is enriched in histological subtypes that match human breast cancer, unlike the other canine subtype. However, about 33% of canine basal-like tumors are estrogen receptor negative (ER-) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+), which is rare in human breast cancer. Further analysis reveals that these ER-PR+ canine tumors harbor additional basal-like features, including upregulation of genes of interferon-γ response and of the Wnt-pluripotency pathway. Interestingly, we observed an association of PGR expression with gene silencing in all canine tumors and with the expression of T cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PDCD1) in ER-PR+ canine tumors. CONCLUSIONS We identify a canine mammary tumor subtype that molecularly resembles human BLBC overall and thus could serve as a vital translational model of this devastating breast cancer subtype. Our study also sheds light on the dog-human difference in the mammary tumor histology and the hormonal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Watson
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kun-Lin Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tanakamol Mahawan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Dobbin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, 120 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted imaging with 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) has multiple proven clinical applications for patients with ER-positive breast cancer, including helping to select optimal patients for endocrine therapies, assessing ER status in lesions that are difficult to biopsy, and evaluating lesions with inconclusive results on other imaging tests. This has led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of 18F-FES PET for patients with ER-positive breast cancer. Newer progesterone receptor-targeted imaging agents are in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA; Radiology and Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy S Clark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Linden
- Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Wei S. Hormone receptors in breast cancer: An update on the uncommon subtypes. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154791. [PMID: 37672851 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women and is the second leading cause of cancer death among US women. Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling plays a crucial role in mammary gland development and carcinogenesis. Near 80 % of invasive breast cancers are ER-positive (ER+). Endocrine therapies targeting ER have significantly improved the prognostic outcomes in the patients with ER+ breast cancer, and the therapeutic effects are strongly correlated with the levels of the ER expression in tumor cells. Despite being an ER-dependent gene product, PR is not always overexpressed in ER+ tumors, and a small subset of breast cancers demonstrates an ER+/PR- phenotype, and a rare ER-/PR+ subtype also exists. There have been controversies on the biology of these tumor types and the predictive and prognostic power of PR status. Compelling data have shown the distinct biologic characteristics of ER+/PR- and ER-/PR+ tumors. Despite that ER-low breast cancers demonstrate more similarity to ER- tumors, at least a subset of ER-low carcinomas may have a functional ER signaling. Thus, adequate PR expression is essential as its absence indicates impaired ER pathway. Assessment of PR status may not only distinguish the ER+/PR- subset from the ER+ and ER-low tumors, but also differentiate the ER-/PR+ phenotype from the ER- carcinomas, both with therapeutic implications. This article was aimed to provide an up-to-date review focusing on the clinicopathologic characteristics of uncommon subtypes of breast cancer, including ER+/PR-, ER-/PR+, and ER-low breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4000 Cambridge Street, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States.
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Liu X, Liu Z, Li C, Song X, Wang X, Li S, Yu Z. PR status is a more decisive factor in efficacy of adding pertuzumab into neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive and lymph node-positive breast cancer than ER status: a real-world retrospective study in China. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:296. [PMID: 37723497 PMCID: PMC10506239 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although neoadjuvant trastuzumab and pertuzumab (HP)-based regimens are recommended for human epidermal receptor-positive (HER2 +)/lymph node-positive (N +) breast cancer (BC) patients according to NCCN guidelines, it is undeniable that many patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after trastuzumab (H)-based regimens without adding pertuzumab to treatment. Patients who specifically benefit from pertuzumab must be identified. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate progesterone receptor (PR) status as a predictor of response to the addition of pertuzumab in HER2 + /N + breast cancer. METHODS One hundred forty-two patients who were diagnosed as HER2 + /N + BC without distant metastasis and followed by neoadjuvant HP-based or H-based therapy were retrospectively included. The endpoints were pCR and disease-free survival (DFS) times. RESULTS In total, the pCR occurred in 25 of 87 patients (28.74%) in group H compared with 32 of 55 (58.18%) in group HP. The results revealed that hormone receptor (HR) status was significantly different on pCR in group HP. The odds of pCR for patients who have HR-positive tumors were 0.160 times (P = 0.011) that for patients with HR-negative tumors by multivariable analysis. Moreover, a similar probability of PR-positive (PR +) patients, whatever estrogen receptor (ER) status was, achieving pCR in group HP was observed. The ROC curves showed different anti-HER2 regimens provide worst predictive value in the PR + cohort (N = AUC = 0.521, 95% CI: 0.348-0.694, P = 0.813) compared with the overall cohort (AUC = 0.644, 95% CI: 0.550-0.738, P = 0.004) and ER + cohort (AUC: 0.559, 95% CI: 0.405-0.713, P = 0.451). And PR status (AUC = 0.760, 95% CI: 0.626-0.894, P = 0.001) had a greater predictive value than ER status (AUC = 0.658, 95% CI: 0.508-0.807, P = 0.048) in group HP. DFS analyses were done on 141 patients. Although ER and PR status did not show significant difference in group HP (P = 0.789 and 0.088, respectively), HP-based therapy contributed to better DFS in the ER - and PR - cohorts (P = 0.035 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compared with ER status, PR status might be a more valuable factor predicting the efficacy of adding pertuzumab into neoadjuvant therapy for HER2 + /N + BC. PR + patients benefit little from the addition of pertuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Song
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinzhao Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sumei Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Sundén M, Norgren S, Lundqvist R, Andersson A, Sund M, Hemmingsson O. Receptor conversion and survival in breast cancer liver metastases. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:105. [PMID: 37705026 PMCID: PMC10500900 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) is a common cause of breast cancer-related death. The prognostic and predictive value of receptor expression and St Gallen classification is challenged by receptor status discordance in distant metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of receptor conversion from breast cancer to BCLM and the impact on survival. METHOD Patients registered with BCLM in two Swedish national cancer registers were recruited retrospectively. Data on receptor expression in primary breast cancer and BCLM were collected, as well as information about predictive factors for survival. The rate of receptor and subtype conversion was analyzed. A Cox regression model was used to investigate predictive factors for survival. RESULTS A cohort of 132 patients with BCLM was identified. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER2 converted in 17, 33 and 10%, respectively. PgR was lost in BCLM while 8/10 HER2 conversions went from negative to positive. The BC subtype was re-classified in 21% of the BCLM. Median survival after BCLM was 13 months and HER2 amplification was associated with improved survival (HR 0.28 CI 0.085-0.90). The highest predictive value (Harrell´s C-index) was obtained when including both BC and BCLM status. CONCLUSIONS Receptor and subtype conversions are common in BCLM, and a liver biopsy is warranted to tailor BCLM treatment. HER2 amplification is associated with improved survival in a BCLM cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Sundén
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Norgren
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robert Lundqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences/Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oskar Hemmingsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Omotehara T, Hess RA, Nakata H, Birch LA, Prins GS, Itoh M. Expression patterns of sex steroid receptors in developing mesonephros of the male mouse: three-dimensional analysis. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:577-593. [PMID: 37335379 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The androgen pathway via androgen receptor (AR) has received the most attention for development of male reproductive tracts. The estrogen pathway through estrogen receptor (ESR1) is also a major contributor to rete testis and efferent duct formation, but the role of progesterone via progesterone receptor (PGR) has largely been overlooked. Expression patterns of these receptors in the mesonephric tubules (MTs) and Wolffian duct (WD), which differentiate into the efferent ductules and epididymis, respectively, remain unclear because of the difficulty in distinguishing each region of the tracts. This study investigated AR, ESR1, and PGR expressions in the murine mesonephros using three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The receptors were localized in serial paraffin sections of the mouse testis and mesonephros by immunohistochemistry on embryonic days (E) 12.5, 15.5, and 18.5. Specific regions of the developing MTs and WD were determined by 3-D reconstruction using Amira software. AR was found first in the specific portion of the MTs near the MT-rete junction at E12.5, and the epithelial expression showed increasing strength from cranial to the caudal regions. Epithelial expression of ESR1 was found in the cranial WD and MTs near the WD first at E15.5. PGR was weakly positive only in the MTs and cranial WD starting on E15.5. This 3-D analysis suggests that gonadal androgen acts first on the MTs near the MT-rete junction but that estrogen is the first to influence MTs near the WD, while potential PGR activity is delayed and limited to the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Omotehara
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chicago, IL, 61821, USA
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Lynn A Birch
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Fatehi P, Mahboubi-Fooladi Z, Dastmardi M, Jafarzadeh Esfehani R, Khameneh Bagheri A. The correlation between imaging findings and breast cancer cell receptors status. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2023; 54:446-450. [PMID: 37355360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2023.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and subtypes are mainly defined based on hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The relationship between breast cancer subtypes and imaging features in mammography and sonography has been studied but the results are controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the hormonal receptor status of breast tumors and the radiologic feature of the tumors on mammography and sonography. METHODS Eighty patients with breast cancer enrolled in this cross-sectional study. ER, PR, and HER2 determined by immunohistochemistry. Every patient underwent mammography and sonography before the biopsy. We evaluated the relationship between the hormonal receptor status and radiographic features of tumors on breast sonography and mammography. RESULTS The majority of the patients (n=75 (93.8%)) were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The mean and standard deviation of the age was 49 ± 9 years. There was no significant relationship between the hormonal receptor status and the sonographic margin and shape (P>0.05). However, PR (P=0.002) and ER (P=0.001) status were significantly correlated with posterior features on sonography. ER-positive patients were more likely to have indistinct or speculated masses on mammography (P=0.017). Irregular or oval masses on mammography were higher in patients with ER (p=0.032). CONCLUSION There was a significant correlation between PR and ER status and posterior features on sonography. Positive ER was associated with indistinct or speculated masses on mammography, as well as irregular or oval masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Fatehi
- Radiologist, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahboubi-Fooladi
- Assistant Professor of Radiology Department, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Khameneh Bagheri
- Assistant Professor of Radiology Department, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hasan MM, Nabi AN, Yasmin T. Comprehensive analysis predicting effects of deleterious SNPs of human progesterone receptor gene on its structure and functions: a computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8002-8017. [PMID: 36166622 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2127908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor plays a crucial role in the development of the mammary gland and breast cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within its gene, PGR, are associated with the risk of miscarriages and preterm birth as well as many cancers across different populations. The main aim of this work is to investigate the most deleterious SNPs in the PGR gene to identify potential biomarkers for various disease susceptibility and treatments. Both sequence and structure-based computational approaches were adopted and in total 11 nsSNPs have been filtered out of 674 nsSNPs along with seven non-coding SNPs. R740Q, I744T and D746E belonged to a mutation cluster. R740Q, D746E along with S865L altered H-bond interactions within the receptor. The same mutations have been found to be associated with several cancers including uterine and breast cancer among others. It is, therefore, possible that the high-risk SNPs associated with cancers may exert their effect by causing changes in the protein structure, particularly in its bonding patterns, and thus affecting its function. In addition, seven non-coding SNPs that were located in the UTR region created a new miRNA site while three SNPs disrupted a conserved miRNA site. These high-risk SNPs can play an instrumental role in generating a dataset of the PGR gene's SNPs. Thus, the present study may pave the way to design and develop novel therapeutics for overcoming the challenges associated with certain cancers and pregnancy that result from a change in the protein structure and function due to the SNP mutations in the PGR gene.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahbub Hasan
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahm Nurun Nabi
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahirah Yasmin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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De La Torre KM, Lee Y, Safar A, Laws MJ, Meling DD, Thompson LM, Streifer M, Weis KE, Raetzman LT, Gore AC, Flaws JA. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls alter follicle numbers, gene expression, and a proliferation marker in the rat ovary. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108427. [PMID: 37400041 PMCID: PMC10528725 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in industrial applications until they were banned in the 1970s, but they still persist in the environment. Little is known about the long-term effects of exposure to PCB mixtures on the rat ovary during critical developmental periods. Thus, this study tested whether prenatal and postnatal exposures to PCBs affect follicle numbers and gene expression in the ovaries of F1 offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or Aroclor 1221 (A1221) at 1 mg/kg/day during embryonic days 8-18 and/or postnatal days (PND) 1-21. Ovaries from F1 rats were collected for assessment of follicle numbers and differential expression of estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1), estrogen receptor 2 (Esr2), androgen receptor (Ar), progesterone receptor (Pgr), and Ki-67 (Ki67) at PNDs 8, 32, and 60. Sera were collected for measurement of estradiol concentrations. Prenatal exposure to A1221 significantly decreased the number of primordial follicles and the total number of follicles at PND 32 compared to control. Postnatal PCB exposure borderline increased Ki67 gene expression and significantly increased Ki67 protein levels (PND 60) compared to control. Combined prenatal and postnatal PCB exposure borderline decreased Ar expression (PND 8) compared to control. However, PCB exposure did not significantly affect the expression of Pgr, Esr1, and Esr2 or serum estradiol concentrations compared to control at any time point. In conclusion, these data suggest that PCB exposure affects follicle numbers and levels of the proliferation marker Ki67, but it does not affect expression of some sex steroid hormone receptors in the rat ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy M De La Torre
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuna Lee
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adira Safar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daryl D Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay M Thompson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Madeline Streifer
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Ajani MA, Lawan A, Oke T, Khramtsova G, Nwanji I, Salami A, Awolude O, Ebili H, Onwukamuche ME, Sveen E, Yoshimatsu T, Olopade OI. Clinicopathological pattern of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 over-expression of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:236-244. [PMID: 38357171 PMCID: PMC10862617 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all gynaecological malignancies. Only few biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis have been studied so far among Nigerian patients. Objective To determine the pattern of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in patients with EOC seen in Nigeria. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective multicentre study of 102 cases of epithelial ovarian cancers. Relevant clinical information was obtained from hospital-based records in the 3 participating centres. Tissue microarrays were constructed using representative tumour tissue and the ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining was carried out at the University of Chicago, United States of America. Results Serous carcinomas predominated (71% of cases). ER positivity was observed in 31.4%, PR positivity in 21.5% and HER2/neu in 16.7% of tumours. Fifty-two percent of tumours were triple negative. Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER positivity (p=0.001). Mean patient age for EOC was 52.6 ± 13.1 years. There were no statistically significant associations between hormone receptor status and histological grade, FIGO staging or survival. Conclusion Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER expression while non-serous tumours tended to be triple negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliyu Lawan
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria
| | - Temitope Oke
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria
| | - Galina Khramtsova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Haematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Illinois. United States of America
| | | | - Ayodeji Salami
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria
| | - Olutosin Awolude
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Nigeria
| | - Henry Ebili
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching, Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Michael E Onwukamuche
- Department of Histopathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Nigeria
| | - Elisabeth Sveen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Haematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Illinois. United States of America
| | - Toshio Yoshimatsu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Haematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Illinois. United States of America
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Department of Medicine, Section of Haematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Illinois. United States of America
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Bustamante Eduardo M, Keller I, Schuster N, Aebi S, Jaggi R. Molecular characterization of breast cancer cell pools with normal or reduced ability to respond to progesterone: a study based on RNA-seq. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:81. [PMID: 37550554 PMCID: PMC10406740 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About one-third of patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer have tumors which are progesterone receptor (PR) negative. PR is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Patients with ERα-positive/PR-negative tumors have shorter disease-free and overall survival than patients with ERα-positive/PR-positive tumors. New evidence has shown that progesterone (P4) has an anti-proliferative effect in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. However, the role of PR in breast cancer is only poorly understood. METHODS We disrupted the PR gene (PGR) in ERα-positive/PR-positive T-47D cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This resulted in cell pools we termed PR-low as P4 mediated effects were inhibited or blocked compared to control T-47D cells. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of PR-low and control T-47D cells in the absence of hormone and upon treatment with P4 alone or P4 together with estradiol (E2). Differentially expressed (DE) genes between experimental groups were characterized based on RNA-seq and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. RESULTS The overall gene expression pattern was very similar between untreated PR-low and untreated control T-47D cells. More than 6000 genes were DE in control T-47D cells upon stimulation with P4 or P4 plus E2. When PR-low pools were subjected to the same hormonal treatment, up- or downregulation was either blocked/absent or consistently lower. We identified more than 3000 genes that were DE between hormone-treated PR-low and control T-47D cells. GO analysis revealed seven significantly enriched biological processes affected by PR and associated with G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways which have been described to support growth, invasiveness, and metastasis in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides new insights into the complex role of PR in ERα-positive/PR-positive breast cancer cells. Many of the genes affected by PR are part of central biological processes of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bustamante Eduardo
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schuster
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Aebi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Jaggi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nikanfar A, Nikanfar M, Fakhrjou A. Prevalence of Androgen Receptor in Invasive Breast Cancer and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Features in East Azarbaijan Province of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2023; 17:186-193. [PMID: 37817975 PMCID: PMC10560644 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v17i3.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in females. Accordingly, the evaluation of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is of vital importance. Here, we aimed to detect androgen receptor (AR) status and define its association with clinicopathologic parameters in patients with invasive breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, AR status was studied in 104 patients with invasive breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Besides, its association with clinicopathologic factors, i.e., age, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node involvement, tumor stage, tumor grade and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her2/neu, Ki-67and P53 were investigated. Results: AR was positive in 84 patients (80.8%), and its expression in ER-positive (85.7%) and PR-positive (85.6%) patients were remarkably higher than in ER-negative (46.2%) and PR-negative (50%) patients (p= 0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). AR expression was noticeably lower in Her2/neu-positive (25%) patients compared to Her2/neu-negative (87.9%) ones (p=0.000). AR expression was also higher in patients with smaller, earlier stage, and low mitotically active tumors, but the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression of AR in patients with breast cancer was found to be high and its association with ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER2/neu-negative tumors was found to be significant. In that light, this receptor may play an important role in the determination of prognosis and targeted therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nikanfar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Nikanfar
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Fakhrjou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ojo AS, Shittu A, Amadife S, Jackson D, Grantham M, Ali A, Sarma R. Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer With Discordant Receptor Status: Treating One Patient but Two Diseases. World J Oncol 2023; 14:224-229. [PMID: 37350805 PMCID: PMC10284639 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) has been used for both therapeutic and prognostic purposes in the management of breast cancer. The presence of a discordant receptor status complicates the approach to treatment in patients with synchronous bilateral breast cancer. We describe the case of a 45-year-old female with synchronous bilateral breast cancer with a triple-negative tumor and a contralateral HER2-positive tumor and discussed the impact of this on the approach to therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola S. Ojo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adedoyin Shittu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stacy Amadife
- Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Devon Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mica Grantham
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ravi Sarma
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Cruz-Cano NB, Sánchez-Rivera UÁ, Álvarez-Rodríguez C, Cárdenas-León M, Martínez-Torres M. Sex steroid receptors in the ovarian follicles of the lizard Sceloporus torquatus. ZYGOTE 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37212054 DOI: 10.1017/s096719942300028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol and progesterone have been recognized as important mediators of reproductive events in the female mainly via binding to their receptors. This study aimed to characterize the immunolocalization of the estrogen receptor alfa (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the ovarian follicles of the lizard Sceloporus torquatus. The localization of steroid receptors has a spatio-temporal pattern that depends on the stage of follicular development. The immunostaining intensity of the three receptors was high in the pyriform cells and the cortex of the oocyte of previtellogenic follicles. During the vitellogenic phase, the granulosa and theca immunostaining was intense even with the modification of the follicular layer. In the preovulatory follicles, the receptors were found in yolk and additionally, ERα was also located in the theca. These observations suggest a role for sex steroids in regulating follicular development in lizards, like other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Berenice Cruz-Cano
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios s/n, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Estado de México C.P. 54110, México
| | - Uriel Ángel Sánchez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios s/n, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Estado de México C.P. 54110, México
| | - Carmen Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios s/n, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Estado de México C.P. 54110, México
| | - Mario Cárdenas-León
- Laboratorio de Hormonas Proteicas, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Avenida Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080, México
| | - Martín Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios s/n, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla Estado de México C.P. 54110, México
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Eppich S, Kuhn C, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Gallwas J, Heidegger HH. MSX1-expression during the different phases in healthy human endometrium. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:273-279. [PMID: 37101223 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The human endometrium consists of different layers (basalis and functionalis) and undergoes different phases throughout the menstrual cycle. In a former paper, our research group was able to describe MSX1 as a positive prognosticator in endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to examine the MSX1 expression in healthy endometrial tissue throughout the different phases to gain more insight on the mechanics of MSX-regulation in the female reproductive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we investigated a total of 17 normal endometrial tissues (six during proliferative phase and five during early and six during late secretory phase). We used immunohistochemical staining and an immunoreactive score (IRS) to evaluate MSX1 expression. We also investigated correlations with other proteins, that have already been examined in our research group using the same patient collective. RESULTS MSX1 is expressed in glandular cells during the proliferative phase and downregulated at early and late secretory phase (p = 0.011). Also, a positive correlation between MSX1 and the progesterone-receptor A (PR-A) (correlation coefficient (cc) = 0.0671; p = 0.024), and the progesterone receptor B (PR-B) (cc = 0.0691; p = 0.018) was found. A trend towards negative correlation was recognized between MSX1 and Inhibin Beta-C-expression in glandular cells (cc = - 0.583; p-value = 0.060). CONCLUSION MSX1 is known as a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. MSX1 is a p53-interacting protein and overexpression of homeobox MSX1 induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Here we show that MSX1 is expressed especially in the proliferative phase of glandular epithelial tissue of the normal endometrium. The found positive correlation between MSX1 and progesterone receptors A and B confirms the results of a previous study on cancer tissue by our research group. Because MSX1 is known to be downregulated by progesterone, the found correlation of MSX1 and both PR-A and -B may represent a direct regulation of the MSX1 gene by a PR-response element. Here further investigation would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eppich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg August University Göttingen, University Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Xu Y, Liang Y, Yin G. Detecting the expression of HRs and BCL2 via IHC can help identify luminal A-like subtypes of triple-positive breast cancers. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1024-1032. [PMID: 36376700 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) is a tumor that simultaneously expresses estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). Luminal A-like TPBC is a special subtype with a favorable prognosis but benefits less from HER2-targeted therapy. However, little is known about how to identify luminal A-like TPBCs. Therefore, our study aims to explore a clinically feasible method to identify luminal A-like TPBCs using immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. METHODS Our cohort enrolled consecutive 190 patients with early-stage TPBCs diagnosed, treated and followed up in our hospital between 2013 and 2019. Patients whose IHC staining displayed ≥ 50% in both ER and PR scores and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) positivity were classified as cohort A (n = 64), and the rest were enrolled in cohort B (n = 126). Kaplan-Meier plotter and log-rank test were used to compare the survival difference between cohort A and cohort B and the efficacy of trastuzumab therapy in the two cohorts. RESULTS The disease-free survival (DFS) of patients in cohort A was significantly better than in cohort B (p = 0.031). In cohort A, there was no statistically significant difference in DFS between patients treated with trastuzumab and those without trastuzumab (p = 0.663). While in cohort B, patients treated with trastuzumab had significantly better DFS than those without trastuzumab (p = 0.032). Multivariate survival analysis showed that cohort A was associated with better DFS(95%CI 1.046-11.776, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION TPBCs consist of heterogeneous subtypes. Detecting the expression of ER, PR and BCL2 via IHC can help identify luminal A-like TPBCs. This study will enable individualized treatment of TPBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yonghao Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Guanghao Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Sompuram SR, Vani K, Ryan L, Johnson C, Szabolcs M, Peruyero L, Balaton A, Pierrot S, Joseph L, Pilichowska M, Naber S, Goldsmith J, Green S, Bogen SA. Validation of Linear Range HER2/Estrogen Receptor/ Progesterone Receptor IHControls for Daily Quality Assurance. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 159:274-282. [PMID: 36779320 PMCID: PMC10010069 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate a new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared immunohistochemistry (IHC) control (IHControls [Boston Cell Standards]) comprising peptide epitopes for HER2, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) attached to cell-sized microspheres and to compare its performance against conventional tissue controls. METHODS IHControls and tissue/cell line controls for HER2, ER, and PR were compared side by side daily at 5 clinical IHC laboratories for 1 to 2 months. Separately, the sensitivity of the 2 types of controls was evaluated in simulated IHC assay failure experiments by diluting the primary antibody. Additional evaluations included lot-to-lot manufacturing reproducibility of 3 independent lots and specificity against 26 antigenically irrelevant IHC stains. RESULTS Side-by-side testing revealed a 99.6% concordance between IHControls and tissue controls across 5 IHC laboratories and 766 individual evaluations. Three discordant quality control events were the result of operator error. Simulated assay failure data showed that both IHControls and tissue controls are similarly capable of detecting IHC staining errors. Manufacturing reproducibility of IHControls showed less than 10% variability (coefficient of variation). No cross-reactions were detected from 26 antigenically irrelevant IHC stains. CONCLUSIONS IHControls, the first FDA-cleared IHC controls, can sensitively and accurately detect IHC assay problems, similar to tissue controls.
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Rossi M, Seidita I, Vannuccini S, Prisinzano M, Donati C, Petraglia F. Epigenetics, endometriosis and sex steroid receptors: An update on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of estrogen and progesterone receptors in patients with endometriosis. Vitam Horm 2023; 122:171-191. [PMID: 36863793 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease affecting ∼10% of reproductive-aged women and is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis can cause a variety of health problems, from pelvic discomfort to catamenial pneumothorax, but it's mainly linked with severe and chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and deep dyspareunia, as well as reproductive issues. The pathogenesis of endometriosis involves an endocrine dysfunction, with estrogen dependency and progesterone resistance, and inflammatory mechanism activation, together with impaired cell proliferation and neuroangiogenesis. The present chapter aims to discuss the main epigenetic mechanisms related to estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in patients with endometriosis. There are numerous epigenetic mechanisms participating in endometriosis, regulating the expression of the genes encoding these receptors both indirectly, through the regulation of transcription factors, and directly, through DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro RNAs and long noncoding RNAs. This represents an open field of investigation, which may lead to important clinical implications such as the development of epigenetic drugs for the treatment of endometriosis and the identification of specific and early biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rossi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Isabelle Seidita
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Prisinzano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Pu H, Wen X, Luo D, Guo Z. Regulation of progesterone receptor expression in endometriosis, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer by estrogen, polymorphisms, transcription factors, epigenetic alterations, and ubiquitin-proteasome system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 227:106199. [PMID: 36191723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The uterus and breasts are hormone-responsive tissues. Progesterone and estradiol regulate gonadotropin secretion, prepare the endometrium for implantation, maintain pregnancy, and regulate the differentiation of breast tissue. Dysregulation of these hormones causes endometriosis, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer, damaging the physical and mental health of women. Emerging evidence has shown that progesterone resistance or elevated progesterone activity is the primary hormonal substrate of these diseases. Since progesterone acts through its specific nuclear receptor, the abnormal expression of the progesterone receptor (PR) dysregulates progesterone function. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of PR expression in patients with endometriosis, and endometrial or breast cancer, including estrogen, polymorphisms, transcription factors, epigenetics, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. (1) Estrogen promotes the expression of PRA (a PR isoform) mRNA and protein through the interaction of estrogen receptors (ERs) and Sp1 with half-ERE/Sp1 binding sites. ERs also affect the binding of Sp1 and Sp1 sites to promote the expression of PRB (another PR isoform)(2) PR polymorphisms, mainly PROGINS and + 331 G/A polymorphism, regulate PR expression by affecting DNA methylation and transcription factor binding. (3) The influence of epigenetic alterations on PR expression occurs through DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA. (4) As one of the main protein degradation pathways in vivo, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulates PR expression by participating in protein degradation. These mechanisms may provide new molecular targets for diagnosing and treating endometriosis, endometrial, and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Pu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaosha Wen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - DiXian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Zifen Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Alhallak I, Quick CM, Graham GL, Simmen RCM. A Pilot Study on the Co-existence of Diabetes and Endometriosis in Reproductive-Age Women: Potential for Endometriosis Progression. Reprod Sci 2023:10.1007/s43032-023-01190-3. [PMID: 36788175 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis (ENDO) is a chronic estrogen-dependent gynecological condition that affects reproductive-age women, causing pelvic pain, infertility, and increased risk for ovarian cancer. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with significant morbidity and mortality and rising incidence worldwide. The occurrence of DM among ENDO patients remains understudied, despite commonalities in these conditions' immune, inflammatory, and metabolic dysfunctions. This pilot study evaluated whether a subset of women with ENDO manifests DM co-morbidity and if so, whether DM promotes ENDO status. Archived ectopic lesions obtained at ENDO surgery from non-diabetic (ENDO-N; n = 11) and diabetic (ENDO-DM; n = 15) patients were identified by a search of an electronic health database. Retrieved samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for markers of proliferation (Ki67, PTEN), steroid receptor signaling (ESR, PGR) and macrophage infiltration (CD68). Immunostaining data were expressed as percentages of immune-positive cells in lesion stroma and epithelium. In lesion stroma, the percentages of nuclear immune-positive cells were higher for ESR2 and lower for PGR-T, in ENDO-DM than ENDO-N patients. The percentages of nuclear immune-positive cells for ESR1 and PTEN tended to be higher and lower, respectively, in ENDO-DM than ENDO-N groups. In lesion glandular epithelium, the percentages of nuclear immune-positive cells were higher for ESR1 and ESR2, in ENDO-DM than ENDO-N groups. ENDO-N lesions had lower percentages of stromal CD68 immune-positive cells than ENDO-DM Type 1 lesions. Findings demonstrate DM in a subset of women with ENDO, which was associated with significant changes in lesion stromal and epithelial nuclear steroid hormone receptor levels, suggestive of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles M Quick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Garrett L Graham
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,The Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Kocour Kroupová H, Grimaldi M, Šauer P, Bořík A, Zálohová K, Balaguer P. Environmental water extracts differentially activate zebrafish and human nuclear progesterone receptors. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160232. [PMID: 36402315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many reports on anti-progestogenic activities in aquatic environments have been published in the past decade. These are monitored mainly by in vitro reporter gene bioassays based upon the human progesterone receptor (PR). However, results obtained by some human in vitro bioassays may not be relevant for aquatic animals, especially fish. The present work aimed to detect fish (anti-)PR activity in waste- and receiving surface waters. In parallel, human (anti-)PR activity was analysed to determine if there was any connection between human and fish (anti-)PR activities. Finally, (anti-)PR activities were linked to the occurrence of progestins in water samples. Human PR agonistic activity was detected in all wastewater and most receiving surface water samples. Nevertheless, zebrafish PR (zfPR) agonistic activity was found in only two influent wastewater samples (max. 117 ng/L 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one [DHP] equivalents). Analysed synthetic progestins and progesterone accounted for 14 % to 161 % of detected human PR (hPR) agonistic activity in water samples. Progesterone also contributed significantly to zfPR agonistic activity (up to 10 %) in raw wastewater. The anti-hPR activity was detected also in most wastewater and some surface water samples, but synthetic progestins did not trigger anti-zfPR activity in excess of LOQ values. In addition, altrenogest, dienogest, and ulipristal acetate were tested for their potency to zfPR for the first time. The activity analyses of both pure substances and environmental samples showed that human and zebrafish progesterone receptors are differentially activated. Therefore, results based on human PR in vitro bioassays could not predict fish PR activities in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194 - Université Montpellier - Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Zálohová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194 - Université Montpellier - Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Wang HC, Huo YN, Lee WS. Activation of progesterone receptor is essential for folic acid-regulated cancer cell proliferation and migration. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109205. [PMID: 36455835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that activation of progesterone receptor (PR) is essential for folic acid (FA)-inhibited proliferation in colorectal cancer cell lines. In the present study, we further investigated whether the requirement of PR activation for the FA-regulated cell proliferation and migration is a general phenomenon for all cancer cell lines or specific for colorectal cancer cell lines only. Initially, we examined the expression of PR in various cancer cell lines using Western blot analyses and RT-PCR technique, and then investigated the effects of FA on these cancer cell lines. Our data showed that the effects of FA on proliferation and migration only occurred in the PR positive (+) cancer cell lines, but not the PR negative (-) cancer cell lines, and these effects were abolished by pre-treatment with the PR specific inhibitor, Org 31710. On the other hand, FA significantly reduced the proliferation and migration in the PR (-) cancer cell lines transfected with PR pcDNA. However, FA did not significantly affect the proliferation and migration in the PR-transefected Hep-3B cell line, which does not express endogenous PR and FA receptor (FR). Since we previously showed that FA-regulated proliferation in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines through the cSrc-mediated pathway, we conducted immunoprecipitation assay to demonstrate that PR formed a complex with FR and cSrc, but FR did not directly associate with cSrc. Taken together, these findings suggest that the requirement of PR activation for the FA-regulated cell proliferation and migration is a general phenomenon for all cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institutes of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Second Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nien Huo
- Graduate Institutes of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Graduate Institutes of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Hanamura T, Kitano S, Kagamu H, Yamashita M, Terao M, Okamura T, Kumaki N, Hozumi K, Iwamoto T, Honda C, Kurozumi S, Niikura N. Expression of hormone receptors is associated with specific immunological profiles of the breast cancer microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:13. [PMID: 36721218 PMCID: PMC9887885 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidating the unique immunoregulatory mechanisms in breast cancer microenvironment may help develop new therapeutic strategies. Some studies have suggested that hormone receptors also have immune regulatory functions, but their mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we have comprehensively analyzed the relationship between the expressions of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), and androgen receptors (AR), and the immunological profile in breast cancer. METHODS Using publicly available gene expression profile datasets, METABRIC and SCAN-B, the associations between the expressions of hormone receptors and the immune cell compositions in breast cancer tissue, estimated by CIBERSORTx algorithm, were analyzed. We histologically evaluated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (hTIL), PD-L1 (hPD-L1) expression, and the infiltration of 11 types of immune cells by flow cytometry (FCM) for 45 breast cancer tissue samples. The relationships between them and the expressions of ER, PgR, and AR of tumor tissues, evaluated immunohistochemically, were analyzed. RESULTS Expressions of ESR1, PGR, and AR were negatively correlated with overall immune composition. Expressions of ER and AR, but not that of PgR, were inversely associated with hTIL and hPD-L1 expression. FCM analysis showed that the expressions of ER and AR, but not that of PgR, were associated with decreased total leukocyte infiltration. Both CIBERSORTx and FCM analysis showed that ER expression was associated with reduced infiltration of macrophages and CD4+ T cells and that of AR with reduced macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSION Hormone receptor expression correlates with specific immunological profiles in the breast cancer microenvironment both at the gene and protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hanamura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy Development, Center for Advanced Medical Development, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama Prefecture, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Makiko Yamashita
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy Development, Center for Advanced Medical Development, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Mayako Terao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takuho Okamura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Nobue Kumaki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-Shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwamoto
- Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama Prefecture, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Chikako Honda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 39-22, Showa-machi 3-chome, Maebashi-shi, Gunma Prefecture, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kozunomori, Narita-shi, Chiba Prefecture, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Naoki Niikura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, 259-1193, Japan.
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Fazio D, Criscuolo E, Maccarrone M. Radiometric Assay of ABHD2 Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:299-305. [PMID: 36152197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The α,β-hydrolase fold-containing protein 2 (ABHD2) is a serine hydrolase, responsible for the cleavage of endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). ABHD2 is activated by progesterone, thus, it is considered a nonnuclear receptor of this steroid hormone that terminates its biological effects. The products of ABHD2-catalyzed cleavage by the natural substrate 2-AG are glycerol and arachidonic acid; here, instead of 2-AG, the radioactive substrate 2-oleoyl-[3H]glycerol has been used as already done in various acylglycerol lipase activity assays. The amount of [3H]glycerol released allows to measure ABHD2 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Fazio
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Criscuolo
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Yadav N, Sunder R, Desai S, Dharavath B, Chandrani P, Godbole M, Dutt A. Progesterone modulates the DSCAM-AS1/miR-130a/ESR1 axis to suppress cell invasion and migration in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:97. [PMID: 36578092 PMCID: PMC9798554 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preoperative-progesterone intervention increases disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer, with an unknown underlying mechanism. We elucidated the role of non-coding RNAs in response to progesterone in human breast cancer. METHODS Whole transcriptome sequencing dataset of 30 breast primary tumors (10 tumors exposed to hydroxyprogesterone and 20 tumors as control) were re-analyzed to identify differentially expressed non-coding RNAs followed by real-time PCR analyses to validate the expression of candidates. Functional analyses were performed by genetic knockdown, biochemical, and cell-based assays. RESULTS We identified a significant downregulation in the expression of a long non-coding RNA, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule antisense DSCAM-AS1, in response to progesterone treatment in breast cancer. The progesterone-induced expression of DSCAM-AS1 could be effectively blocked by the knockdown of progesterone receptor (PR) or treatment of cells with mifepristone (PR-antagonist). We further show that knockdown of DSCAM-AS1 mimics the effect of progesterone in impeding cell migration and invasion in PR-positive breast cancer cells, while its overexpression shows an opposite effect. Additionally, DSCAM-AS1 sponges the activity of miR-130a that regulates the expression of ESR1 by binding to its 3'-UTR to mediate the effect of progesterone in breast cancer cells. Consistent with our findings, TCGA analysis suggests that high levels of miR-130a correlate with a tendency toward better overall survival in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION This study presents a mechanism involving the DSCAM-AS1/miR-130a/ESR1 genomic axis through which progesterone impedes breast cancer cell invasion and migration. The findings highlight the utility of progesterone treatment in impeding metastasis and improving survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Yadav
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Roma Sunder
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Sanket Desai
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Bhasker Dharavath
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Pratik Chandrani
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
- Medical Oncology Molecular Lab & Centre for Computational Biology, Bioinformatics and Crosstalk Lab, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Mukul Godbole
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Health Sciences, MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Amit Dutt
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
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48
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Pinto CA, Fonseca BM, Sá SI. Effects of chronic tamoxifen treatment in female rat sexual behaviour. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12362. [PMID: 36593822 PMCID: PMC9803792 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial preoptic (MPN) and the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMN) modulate the estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent female sexual behavior, a response that is inhibited by tamoxifen (TAM), a modulator of the steroid receptor activation. With the objective to assess TAM action in the brain areas involved in the modulation sexual cues, an animal model on long-term TAM therapy to intact female rats, was used to mimic the 5-year prophylactic TAM therapy offered to women at higher risk of breast cancer. After three months treatment, female sexual behavior with a stud male rat was evaluated. Upon sacrifice, the brains were removed and the MPN and the ventrolateral division of the VMN were screened for the effects of TAM in the expression of ERα, ERβ and progesterone receptor. Results show that TAM inhibited the receptive component of the female sexual behavior. Even though TAM decreased estrogen and progesterone levels to values similar to the ones of estrous and diestrus rats, the biochemical data failed to demonstrate such possible causation for the behavioral response. In fact, TAM administration induced a constant low level of ovarian hormones that changed the pattern of ER and PR expression as well as receptor co-expression in the brain areas regulating the behavioral response, dissimilar to the ones seen in the cycle phases with the same low hormone levels. Nevertheless, present data suggests that by affecting ER- and/or PR-dependent mechanisms, TAM may modulate the hypothalamus, a region known to participate in several social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia A. Pinto
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M. Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana I. Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal,CINTESIS@RISE Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto. Al Professor Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal,Corresponding author.
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49
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Campe KNJ, Redlich A, Zenclussen AC, Busse M. An increased proportion of progesterone receptor A in peripheral B cells from women who ultimately underwent spontaneous preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 154:103756. [PMID: 36356365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The enormous challenge in unraveling the etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is to understand the complex interactions between gestational hormones, the immune system and reproductive tissues. PTB can be divided into spontaneous PTB (sPTB) and medically-indicated PTB, e.g. due to preeclampsia (PE) or HELLP syndrome. Progesterone (P4), important for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The impact of P4 on B cells and its support of maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance is widely unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether B cells express the progesterone receptor (PR) and to dissect a possible role of PR+ B cells in PTB. We found enhanced IL-6, IL-21 and TNF-α concentrations in maternal plasma in patients with sPTB and PE/HELLP compared to term delivery (TD), accompanied by enhanced PR-A expression by CD19+ B cells. In a second phase of the study, we recruited patients with imminent PTB (iPTB) and controls. Samples were collected at hospital admission and to a later time point, then divided into iPTB patients who delivered preterm and patients whose PTB was prevented. Within the group of iPTB patients, we observed very clear differences: enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased percentages of PR-A+CD19+ B cells were found in iPTB patients that delivered preterm compared to patients who did not deliver preterm. We conclude that PTB is associated with the activation of an inflammatory pathway leading to the induction of PR-A by B cells. This might further trigger inflammation, result in the break of maternal-fetal tolerance and induce delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Norina Jutta Campe
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Redlich
- University hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Research Group, Saxonian Incubator for Translation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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50
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Li Y, Zhou W, Li L, Li JW, Li T, Huang C, Lazaro-Camp VJ, Kavlashvili T, Zhang Y, Reyes H, Li Y, Dai D, Zhu W, Meng X, Leslie KK, Yang S. Enhancing progestin therapy via HDAC inhibitors in endometrial cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5029-5048. [PMID: 36504895 PMCID: PMC9729913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine endometrial cancer (EC) incidence and deaths are on the rise. Hormone therapy, a traditional treatment regimen for this disease, uses progesterone and its synthetic analogue, progestin, to induce cell differentiation, apoptosis, and inhibition of invasion. This therapy is highly effective for progesterone receptor (PR) positive tumors in the short term. However, responsiveness decreases over time due to loss of PR expression; acquired resistance leads to treatment failure and poor prognosis. Primary resistance occurs in advanced, PR-negative tumors. Regardless, progestin therapy can be effective if the PR downregulation mechanism is reversed and if functional PR expression is restored. Using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), we inhibited cell proliferation in three EC cell lines and restored functional PR expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Two HDACi were tested using an endometrial xenograft tumor model: entinostat, an oral drug, and romidepsin, an IV drug. In vitro and in vivo studies support that entinostat decreased EC tumor growth, induced differentiation, and increased expression of the PR-targeted gene, PAEP. These findings supported the approval of a new NIH NCTN clinical trial, NRG-GY011, which concluded that dual treatment of MPA and entinostat, decreased expression of the proliferation marker, Ki67, but did not increase PR expression relative to single treatment with MPA in this short-term study. Therefore, a more potent HDACi, romidepsin, was investigated. Romidepsin treatment inhibited tumor growth and enhanced progestin treatment efficacy. More importantly, PR, PAEP, and KIAA1324 expressions were upregulated. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we verified that HDACi can reverse PR downregulation mechanisms in mice models. Other potential drug efficacy markers, such as CD52, DLK1, GALNT9, and GNG2, were identified by transcriptome analysis and verified by q-PCR. Many of the upregulated drug efficacy markers predict favorable patient outcomes, while downregulated genes predict worse survival. Here, our current data suggests that romidepsin is a more potent HDACi that has the potential to achieve more robust upregulation of PR expression and may be a more promising candidate for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenChongqing 401147, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, Shanxi, China
| | - John W Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tianyue Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Jiangsu Vocational College of MedicineYancheng 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Tamar Kavlashvili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, NashvilleTN 37232, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Henry Reyes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of OB/GYN, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University at BuffaloNY 14260, USA
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Donghai Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- Department of Pathology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Carver College of Medicine and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Carver College of Medicine and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of New MexicoNM 87106, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA,Carver College of Medicine and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
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