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Kim HS, Cheon YP, Lee SH. Effects of Nonylphenol on the Secretion of Catecholamines and Adrenocortical Hormones from Short-Term Incubated Rat Adrenal Glands. Dev Reprod 2023; 27:213-220. [PMID: 38292238 PMCID: PMC10824570 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2023.27.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that a chronic-low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure resulted in histological changes with sexually dimorphic pattern in rat adrenal glands. We hypothesized that such structural changes are closely related to the hormonal secretory patterns. To test this hypothesis, we developed the short-term adrenal incubation method, and measured the levels of catecholamines and cortical steroids using the high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The norepinephrine (NE) levels in media from NP-treated female adrenal, except 100 pM NP, were significantly increased [control (CTL) vs 1 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 μM NP, p<0.01]. The NE secretion from male adrenal was higher when treated with 100 nM and 1 μM NP (CTL vs 100 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 1 μM NP, p<0.05, respectively). The aldosterone level in the female adrenal media treated with 100 pM NP was significantly decreased, on the other hand, that of media treated with 10 nM NP was significantly increased (CTL vs 100 pM NP, p<0.05; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.01). In male adrenal media, the aldosterone levels of 10 nM, 100 nM and 1 μM NP-treated media were significantly declined (CTL vs 10 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 μM NP, p<0.001). These results showed the NP treatment altered secretory pattern of aldosterone from adrenals of both sexes, showing sexual dimorphism. It may be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology, and endocrine disrupting chemicals-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in adrenals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung
University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin
University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung
University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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2
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Lee SG, Park JE, Cheon YP, Kim JM. Gestational Exposure to Bisphenol A Causes DNA Hypomethylation and the Upregulation of Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Uterus in Adult Female Offspring Rats. Dev Reprod 2023; 27:195-203. [PMID: 38292232 PMCID: PMC10824565 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2023.27.4.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals, during the gestational period can have profound adverse effects on several organs in offspring. Bisphenol A (BPA) can infiltrate the human body through food and drinks, and its metabolites can cross both the placental and the blood-brain barriers. In this study, we investigate the effect of gestational exposure to BPA on epigenetic, biochemical, and histological modifications in the uterine tissues of F1 adult offspring rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to BPA from gestational day 8-15, and changes in global DNA methylation in uterine tissues obtained from adult offspring born to the exposed mothers were analyzed. Global DNA methylation analysis revealed that gestational exposure to BPA resulted in DNA hypomethylation in the uterus. Progesterone receptor (PR) protein expression in uterine tissues was monitored using western blot analysis, which revealed that the PR protein content was considerably higher in all BPA-exposed groups than in the control. Immunohistochemical examination for the PR revealed that intense PR-positive cells were more frequently observed in the BPA-exposed group than in the control group. To date, the evidence that the upregulation of PRs observed in the present study was caused by the non-methylation of specific PR promoter regions is lacking. Conclusively, these results indicate that exposure to BPA during gestation induces epigenetic alterations in the uteri of adult female offspring. We speculate that the global DNA hypomethylation and upregulation of the PR observed simultaneously in this study might be associated with the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gee Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan
49201, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan
49201, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University,
Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan
49201, Korea
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3
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Kim DH, Kim J, Lee H, Lee D, Im SM, Kim YE, Yoo M, Cheon YP, Bartz JC, Son YJ, Choi EK, Kim YS, Jeon JH, Kim HS, Lee S, Ryou C, Nam TG. Synthesis and anti-prion aggregation activity of acylthiosemicarbazide analogues. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2191164. [PMID: 36950944 PMCID: PMC10038035 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2191164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions are infectious protein particles known to cause prion diseases. The biochemical entity of the pathogen is the misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) that forms insoluble amyloids to impair brain function. PrPSc interacts with the non-pathogenic, cellular prion protein (PrPC) and facilitates conversion into a nascent misfolded isoform. Several small molecules have been reported to inhibit the aggregation of PrPSc but no pharmacological intervention was well established thus far. We, here, report that acylthiosemicarbazides inhibit the prion aggregation. Compounds 7x and 7y showed almost perfect inhibition (EC50 = 5 µM) in prion aggregation formation assay. The activity was further confirmed by atomic force microscopy, semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis and real-time quaking induced conversion assay (EC50 = 0.9 and 2.8 µM, respectively). These compounds also disaggregated pre-existing aggregates in vitro and one of them decreased the level of PrPSc in cultured cells with permanent prion infection, suggesting their potential as a treatment platform. In conclusion, hydroxy-2-naphthoylthiosemicarbazides can be an excellent scaffold for the discovery of anti-prion therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myoung Im
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miryeong Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason C Bartz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA campus, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Kim JE, Lee MY, Kang MJ, Byun J, Jo JB, Yang HY, Kim JH, Lee KA, Cheon YP. Establishment of a useful in vitro decidual induction model using eCG-primed nonpregnant mouse endometrial stromal cells. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1464-1476. [PMID: 36130223 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine endometrial differentiation is essential for developmental continuity and female health. A convenient in vitro model mimicking the physiological status is needed to effectively evaluate implantation and uterine response mechanisms. Thus, we developed a promising in vitro model, the FSS (FSH mimic-stimulated synchronized) model, by using primary mouse uterine stromal cells (mUSCs) obtained from eCG-primed mice. These mUSCs could be differentiated into decidualized cells with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). The pregnancy day 4 (PD4) model, in which mUSCs are obtained at day 4 of pregnancy, was used as a control. The cell shape index and polyploidy rates were similar between the two models. The staining intensities of lipids and glycogen were significantly higher in the induced groups in both models but stronger in the FSS model than in the PD4 model. The expression levels of AP-TNAP, cathepsin L, Prl8a2, Gja1, Cebpb, and Igfbp1 were increased at 24 h after decidual induction. PR-alpha and PR-beta levels were also increased at 24 h after decidual induction in both models. These results indicate that the FSS model provides a convenient method for obtaining USCs that are usable for various experimental approaches due to their physiological competence and flexibility for triggering induction. This may serve as a model system for the study of pathogeneses originating from the endometrium or communication with other tissues and lead to a better understanding of embryo implantation mechanisms. Furthermore, the results of this study will be integral for further refinements of 3D uterine culture manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
| | - Jihyun Byun
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
| | - Jeong Bin Jo
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Yang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute of Basic Sciences, CDPR, Sungshin University, Seoul, 136-742, Korea
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5
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Park JS, Cheon YP, Choi D, Lee SH. Expression of Kisspeptin in the Adult Hamster Testis. Dev Reprod 2022; 26:107-115. [PMID: 36285151 PMCID: PMC9578319 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2022.26.3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptins, products of KISS1 gene, are ligands of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR54), and the kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role as an upstream regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Interestingly, extrahypothalamic expressions of kisspeptin/GPR-54 in gonads have been found in primates and experimental rodents such as rats and mice. Hamsters, another potent experimental rodent, also have a kisspeptin-GPR54 system in their ovaries. The presence of testicular kisspeptin-GPR54 system, however, remains to be solved. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the kisspeptin is expressed in hamster testis. To do this, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed. After the nest PCR, two cDNA products (320 and 280 bp, respectively) were detected by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequencing analysis revealed that the 320 bp product was correctly amplified from hamster kisspeptin cDNA. Modest immunoreactive (IR) kisspeptins were detected in Leydig-interstitial cells, and the weak signals were detected in germ cells, mostly in round spermatids and residual bodies of elongated spermatids. In the present study, we found the kisspeptin expression in the testis of Syrian hamster. Further studies on the local role(s) of testicular kisspeptin are expected for a better understanding the physiology of hamster testis, including photoperiodic gonadal regression specifically occurred in hamster gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung
University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin
University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of
Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin
17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung
University, Seoul 03016, Korea,Corresponding author Sung-Ho
Lee, Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung, University, Seoul 03016, Korea,
Tel: +82-2-2287-5139, Fax:
+82-2-2287-0070, E-mail:
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6
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Saranya T, Ramya S, Kavithaa K, Paulpandi M, Cheon YP, Harysh Winster S, Balachandar V, Narayanasamy A. Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract and its Anti-cancer Efficacy Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Hwang YJ, Sung GJ, Marquardt R, Young SL, Lessey BA, Kim TH, Cheon YP, Jeong JW. SIRT1 plays an important role in implantation and decidualization during mouse early pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1072-1082. [PMID: 35134122 PMCID: PMC9198957 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a member of the sirtuin family that functions to deacetylate both histones and non-histone proteins. Previous studies have identified significant SIRT1 upregulation in eutopic endometrium from infertile women with endometriosis. However, SIRT1 function in the uterus has not been directly studied. Using immunochemistry analysis, we found SIRT1 to be most strongly expressed at GD4.5 and GD5.5 in decidualized cells and at GD7.5 in secondary decidual cells in mouse. To assess the role of SIRT1 in uterine function, we generated uterine Sirt1 conditional knockout mice (Pgrcre/+Sirt1f/f; Sirt1d/d). A 6-month fertility trial revealed that Sirt1d/d females were subfertile. Implantation site numbers were significantly decreased in Sirt1d/d mice compared with controls at GD5.5. Sirt1d/d implantation sites at GD4.5 could be divided into two groups, Group #1 with luminal closure and nonspecific COX2 expression compared with controls (14/20) and Group #2 with an open lumen and no COX2 (6/20). In Sirt1d/d Group #1, nuclear FOXO1 expression in luminal epithelial cells was significantly decreased. In Sirt1d/d Group #2, nuclear FOXO1 expression was almost completely absent, and there was strong PGR expression in epithelial cells. At GD5.5, stromal PGR and COX2 were significantly decreased in Sirt1d/d uterine in the areas surrounding the embryo compared with controls, indicating defective decidualization. An artificially induced decidualization test revealed that Sirt1d/d females showed defects in decidualization response. All together, these data suggest that SIRT1 is important for decidualization and contributes to preparing a receptive endometrium for successful implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi-Jun Sung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ryan Marquardt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertilithy, Atrium Health, Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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8
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Lee BY, Jo JB, Choi D, Lee SH, Cheon YP. A Chronic-Low-Dose Exposing of DEHP with OECD TG 443 Altered the
Histological Characteristics and Steroidogeic Gene Expression of Adrenal Gland
in Female Mice. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:257-268. [PMID: 35141451 PMCID: PMC8807134 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, Center for Development and Program Research, Department of
Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin
University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Jeong Bin Jo
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, Center for Development and Program Research, Department of
Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin
University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of
Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin
17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung
University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and
Physiology, Center for Development and Program Research, Department of
Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin
University, Seoul 02844, Korea
- Corresponding author Yong-Pil Cheon,
Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology,
Institute of Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea. Tel:
+82-2-920-7639, Fax: +82-2-920-2736,
E-mail:
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9
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Lee S, Kang HG, Ryou C, Cheon YP. Spatiotemporal expression of aquaporin 9 is critical for the antral growth of mouse ovarian follicles†. Biol Reprod 2021; 103:828-839. [PMID: 32577722 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a few aquaporins (AQPs) expressed in granulosa cells have been postulated to mediate fluid passage into the antrum, the specific expression of AQPs in different follicle cell types and stages and their roles have not been evaluated extensively. The spatiotemporal expression of aquaporin (Aqp) 7, 8, and 9 and the functional roles of Aqp9 in antral growth and ovulation were examined using a superovulation model and 3-dimensional follicle culture. Aqp9 was expressed at a high level in the rapid growth phase (24-48 h post equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for superovulation induction) compared to Aqp7 (after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) and Aqp8 (8-24 h post eCG and 24 h post hCG). A dramatic increase in the expression and localization of Aqp9 mRNA in theca cells was observed, as evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase (RT-PCR) coupled with laser capture microdissection and immunohistochemistry. AQP9 was located primarily on the theca cells of the tertiary and preovulatory follicles but not on the ovulated follicles. In phloretin-treated mice, the diameter of the preovulatory follicles and the number of ovulated oocytes decreased. Consistent with these findings, knocking down Aqp9 expression with an Aqp9 siRNA inhibited follicle growth (0.28:1 = siRNA:control) and decreased the number of ovulated follicles (0.36:1 = siRNA:control) during in vitro growth and ovulation induction. Based on these results, the expression of AQPs is under the control of the physiological status, and AQP9 expression in theca during folliculogenesis is required for antral growth and ovulation in a tissue-specific and stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Jeon GH, Lee SH, Cheon YP, Choi D. Blood-Testis Barrier and Sperm Delayed in the Cauda Epididymis of the Reproductively Regressed Syrian Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:1-14. [PMID: 33977170 PMCID: PMC8087257 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian (golden) hamsters are seasonal breeders whose reproductive functions
are active in summer and inactive in winter. In experimental facility mimicking
winter climate, short photoperiod (SP) induces gonadal regression. The
blood-testis barrier (BTB) of the sexually involuted animals have been reported
to be permeable, allowing developing germ cells to be engulfed or sloughed off
the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. The expressions of genes related to
the tight junction composing of BTB were investigated in the reproductive active
and inactive testes. Claudin-11, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecule
(JAM) were definitely expressed in the active testes but not discernably
detected in the inactive testes. And spermatozoa (sperm) were observed in the
whole lengths of epididymides in the active testes. They were witnessed in only
cauda region of the epididymides but not in caput and corpus regions in animals
with the inactive testes. The results imply that the disorganization of BTB is
associated with the testicular regression. The developing germ cells are
swallowed into the Sertoli cells or travel into the lumen, as supported by the
presence of the sperm delayed in the last region of the epididymis. These
outcomes suggest that both apoptosis and desquamation are the processes that
eliminate the germ cells during the regressing stage in the Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Hyung Jeon
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Public Health and Welfare Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Public Health and Welfare Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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11
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Cheon YP, Choi D, Lee SH, Kim CG. YY1 and CP2c in Unidirectional Spermatogenesis and Stemness. Dev Reprod 2021; 24:249-262. [PMID: 33537512 PMCID: PMC7837418 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have stemness characteristics, including germ cell-specific imprints that allow them to form gametes. Spermatogenesis involves changes in gene expression such as a transition from expression of somatic to germ cell-specific genes, global repression of gene expression, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, highly condensed packing of the nucleus with protamines, and morphogenesis. These step-by-step processes finally generate spermatozoa that are fertilization competent. Dynamic epigenetic modifications also confer totipotency to germ cells after fertilization. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryos do not enter meiosis, remain in the proliferative stage, and are referred to as gonocytes, before entering quiescence. Gonocytes develop into SSCs at about 6 days after birth in rodents. Although chromatin structural modification by Polycomb is essential for gene silencing in mammals, and epigenetic changes are critical in spermatogenesis, a comprehensive understanding of transcriptional regulation is lacking. Recently, we evaluated the expression profiles of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and CP2c in the gonads of E14.5 and 12-week-old mice. YY1 localizes at the nucleus and/or cytoplasm at specific stages of spermatogenesis, possibly by interaction with CP2c and YY1-interacting transcription factor. In the present article, we discuss the possible roles of YY1 and CP2c in spermatogenesis and stemness based on our results and a review of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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12
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Cheon YP, Ko C, Lee KH. Assessment of Adipocyte Differentiation and Maturation-related Gene Expression in the Epididymal Fat of Estrogen Receptor α Knockout (ERαKO) Mouse during Postnatal Development Period. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:287-296. [PMID: 33537515 PMCID: PMC7837422 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of functional estrogen receptor α (Esr1) results in an
overgrowth of the epididymal fat, as observed in estrogen receptor α
knockout (ERαKO) mouse. The present research was aimed to evaluate
expression of various molecules associated with adipocyte differentiation and
maturation in the epididymal fat of ERαKO mouse at several postnatal ages
by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The highest
transcript levels of all molecules were detected at 12 months of postnatal age,
except leptin which the mRNA level was increased at 5 months of age and was
unchanged until 12 months of age. The expression levels of CCAAT enhancer
binding protein (Cebp) alpha, androgen receptor, and lipoprotein lipase were
decreased at 5 months of age but increased at about 8 months of age. The mRNA
levels of Cebp gamma and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor
1 remained steady until 8 months of age. Continuous increases of transcript
levels during postnatal period were found in Cebp beta, estrogen receptor (ER)
beta, fatty acid binding protein 4, and delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1.
The increases of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and
adiponectin mRNA levels were detected as early as 8 months of age. The levels of
fatty acid synthase and resistin transcript at 5 and 8 months of age were lower
than that at 2 months of age. These findings show the aberrant expression
patterns of genes related to adipocyte differentiation and maturation in the
postnatal epididymal fat pad by the disruption of ER alpha function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Development and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, CDPR, Institute for Basic Science, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, 02844 Korea
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Dept. of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Ki-Ho Lee
- Dep. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea
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13
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Jeon GH, Kim HJ, Park J, Lee SH, Cheon YP, Choi D. The Effects of Daily Melatonin Gavage on Reproductive Activity in the Male Syrian Hamsters. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:263-276. [PMID: 33537513 PMCID: PMC7837417 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proper administration of melatonin has well been documented to induce testicular regression in seasonal breeding animals. The subcutaneous injections of melatonin in the afternoon, not in the morning, consistently occurred testicular involution in the male Syrian (golden) hamsters whose reproductive activity is regulated by the photoperiod. But the effects of daily melatonin via gavage have not been estimated. Golden hamsters housed in long photoperiod (LP) were divided into 5 groups: the control animals housed in LP or in short photoperiod (SP) and animals treated daily with low (15 μg), middle (150 μg), and high dosages (1,500 μg) of pure melatonin by using gavage in the evening for 8 weeks. As results, LP control animals had large testes and SP controls displayed small and entirely regressed testes. The animals treated with various dosages of melatonin showed collectively degenerating effects on the weights of testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles in the middle and high dosage groups, with the individual differences as well. The high dosages induced testicular regression in more proportion than the middle dosages did. The low dosage had large testes like the LP control animals. The small and inactive testes shown in some animals of both middle and high groups presented the complete regression as those of the animals maintained in SP. These results strongly suggest that the administrations of melatonin lead to testicular involution in the male golden hamsters when it is administered through gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Hyung Jeon
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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14
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Mollah ML, Yang HS, Jeon S, Kim K, Cheon YP. Overaccumulation of Fat Caused Rapid Reproductive Senescence but not Loss of Ovarian Reserve in ob/ob Mice. J Endocr Soc 2020; 5:bvaa168. [PMID: 33324862 PMCID: PMC7722705 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian reserve and fertility are reduced by aging and a poor energy balance. To date, the relationships of high energy accumulation and aging with the ovarian reserve have not been elucidated. Here, the effects of obesity on the aging ovarian reserve were evaluated in a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse model. Abnormal estrous cyclicity appeared as early as 6 weeks and worsened with aging. The blood level patterns of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P4) with aging were similar between lean and ob/ob mice. The blood level of E2 but not P4 or T was similar at 24 weeks. Many more atretic follicles but fewer corpora lutea were observed in ob/ob mice than in lean mice within all age groups. Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) mRNA levels were similar between genotypes. Dazl, Stra8, and ZP3 mRNAs were highly expressed in ob/ob mice after 12 weeks. Sohlh1 and Ybx2 mRNAs were highly expressed at 24 weeks in ob/ob compared with lean mice. In addition, SOHLH1-positive primordial follicle counts were significantly increased in ob/ob mice at 24 weeks. The proportions of AMH-positive secondary and small antral follicles were similar between genotypes. Together, these results show that the ovarian reserve lasts longer in ob/ob mice than in lean mice, suggesting that the loss of normal physiological or physical status causes decreased fertility at a young age in ob/ob mice and that an increase in adipocytes without leptin, as in ob/ob mice, can improve the ovarian reserve. Such knowledge can be applied to understanding reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Lalmoddin Mollah
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Seon Yang
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SoRa Jeon
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Development and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Sungshin Women University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Kim YB, Cheon YP, Choi D, Lee SH. Histological Analysis of Reproductive System in Low-Dose Nonylphenol-treated F1 Female Mice. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:159-165. [PMID: 33110947 PMCID: PMC7576963 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported adverse effects of low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure on
the reproductive parameters of F1 female mice. In the present study we further
investigated the pathohistological effect of NP exposure on the reproductive
organs in F1 female mice. NP exposures were continuously conducted from parental
pre-mating period until the postnatal day (PND) 33 of F1 offspring for vaginal
examination. Mice were sacrificed on PND 30 and the reproductive tissue weights
were measured. The initial (at PND 21) body weights of the NP-50 group animals
were significantly lower than those of control group animals, and the weight
deficit were recovered when the terminal (PND 33) body weights were measured.
Early vaginal opening was found in NP group animals
(p<0.05). Pathohistological studies revealed that
NP-treated F1 animals showed prominent increase in the ovarian follicle numbers
(p<0.01), and decrease in the diameter of uterine
myometrium (p<0.01), and increase in the diameter of
luminal epithelium (p<0.05). The present study
demonstrated that the subchronic low-dose NP exposure induced early beginning of
puberty and pathohistological abnormalities in ovary and uterus of F1 mice.
Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding on the action
mechanism of NP in pubertal onset and to find a way to avoid a hazardous
situation provoked by NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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16
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Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L, Koyappayil A, Kim T, Cheon YP, Lee MH. A MoS 2@Ti 3C 2T x MXene hybrid-based electrochemical aptasensor (MEA) for sensitive and rapid detection of Thyroxine. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107674. [PMID: 32949936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a MoS2@Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid-based electrochemical aptasensor (MEA) was introduced for sensitive and rapid quantification of Thyroxine (T4). T4 is a crucial hormone and plays a key role in various body functions. Therefore, there is high demand for an accurate, sensitive, and rapid method for the detection of T4. To construct the aptasensor, a nano-hybrid (NH) consisting of Ti3C2Tx MXene and MoS2 nanosheets (NS) was synthesized, and applied to a carbon electrode surface, followed by the electroplating of gold nanostructures (GN). The smart combination of Ti3C2Tx MXene and MoS2NS enhanced the physiochemical properties of the electrode surface, as well as provided a building block to form 3D GN. The 3D architecture of the GN offered a unique substrate to capture numerous T4 aptamer molecules, which consequently amplified the signal by nearly 6-fold. The MEA quantified thyroxine with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.39 pg/mL over a dynamic range ((7.8 × 10-1) to (7.8 × 106)) pg/mL within 10 min. Moreover, the MEA successfully detected T4 in human serum samples. Lastly, the results obtained from the aptasensor were compared with those from the ELISA standard method. The comparative analysis showed good agreement between the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kashefi-Kheyrabadi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Aneesh Koyappayil
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
Phthalates have a long industrial history. It is suspected that phthalates and their metabolites have detrimental effects on reproduction and development. They are well-known for their anti-androgenic effects. Several studies have indicated that phthalates and their metabolites are reprotoxic in males and endocrine disruptors. Reproduction and embryogenesis occur in the uterus of female eutherian mammals. A horizontal analytical method is preferred to elucidate the toxic effects of phthalates on human reproduction. Nevertheless, there are vast numbers of known phthalates and not all of their modes of action have been clarified. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer and has been the subject of numerous toxicological studies. However, few of these have reported on the toxic effects of DEHP, its metabolites, other phthalates, or mixtures on female reproduction. Acute and high doses of DEHP adversely affect uterine histology. Recently, it was disclosed that chronic exposures to low doses of DEHP have endocrine disruption efficacy. DEHP induces various cellular responses including modulation of the expression and regulation of steroid hormone receptors and transcription and paracrine factors. Uteri do not respond uniformly to DEHP exposure. The phenotypic manifestations and effects on fertility in response to DEHP and its metabolites may vary with species, developmental stage, and generation. Hence, DEHP exposure may histological alter the uterus and induce endometriosis, endometriosis, hyperplasia, myoma, and developmental and reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of
Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844,
Korea
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18
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Kim TH, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Cheon YP, Choi D. Expressions of Semenogelin Gene in Male Syrian Hamsters according to Photoperiod. Dev Reprod 2020; 23:355-365. [PMID: 31993541 PMCID: PMC6985293 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The morphogenetically matured spermatozoa (sperm) are generated in the testes by
the spermatogenesis. They travel male reproductive tract with many substances
secreted from the accessory reproductive organs. One of the substances is the
semenogelin (SEMG) released from the seminal vesicles that is involved in the
post-testicular maturation. The expression of SEMG gene was investigated in
seminal vesicle tissues of sexually matured and regressed male Syrian hamsters
by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SEMG gene was
uniquely identified in the seminal vesicles of the matured Syrian hamsters and
compared to the genes reported previously. But the expression of SEMG gene was
not observed in reproductively and completely regressed testes of Syrian
hamsters. These results indicate that the expressions of the SEMG gene are
related to the reproductive capability in the male Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hong Kim
- Dept of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Dept of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Div. of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
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19
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Lee K, Yoon T, Yang HS, Cha S, Cheon YP, Kashefi-Kheyrabadi L, Jung HI. All-in-one platform for salivary cotinine detection integrated with a microfluidic channel and an electrochemical biosensor. Lab Chip 2020; 20:320-331. [PMID: 31825049 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medical disorders caused by second-hand smoke are a major public health concern worldwide. To estimate the level of second-hand smoke exposure, salivary diagnostics for cotinine analysis is a compelling alternative in conventional diagnostics using bio-fluids, such as blood and urine, owing to its simple and non-invasive collection method. However, there are several critical issues, such as tedious multisteps, demand for expertise, and field unavailability to collect and transport the purified saliva for further analysis. Here, an all-in-one platform is presented to simply collect real human saliva and directly deliver it onto the biosensing surface. The platform consists of a commercial cotton-swab-type collector, 3D-printed housing, and microfluidic channel integrated with an electrochemical competitive immunosensor to evaluate the level of salivary cotinine. The immunosensor is based on a competitive binding assay between cotinine-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (C-HRP) and cotinine for anti-cotinine binding sites. The current responses obtained from the HRP-thionine-H2O2 system decreased proportionally to the cotinine concentration. This immunosensor successfully detected its target over a range of 1 × 10-1 to 1 × 104 pg ml-1 with a low limit of detection of 6 × 10-2 pg ml-1 and a limit of quantification of 1 × 10-1 pg ml-1. In addition, the platform is applicable to various commercial cotton-swab-type saliva collectors and can successfully transfer the saliva in wide flow rates ranging from 0.1 to 30 ml min-1 without leakage or damage to the sensing surface. Furthermore, the practicality of the proposed platform was evaluated by measuring cotinine in real human saliva from eight non-smokers. The concentration of cotinine was from 45.7 to 890.8 pg ml-1, which was in good agreement with that measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The introduced all-in-one platform represented a reliable performance delivering simple and practical steps in salivary diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungyeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taehee Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Seon Yang
- School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyeong Cha
- School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kim YB, Cheon YP, Choi D, Lee SH. Adverse Effect of Nonylphenol on the Reproductive System in F2 Male Mice : A Qualitative Change? Dev Reprod 2019; 23:255-262. [PMID: 31660452 PMCID: PMC6812968 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported negative effects of low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure on
the reproductive organs of F1 male mice. In the present study was further
investigated the endocrine disrupting effect of NP exposure to F2 generation
male mice. Mice were divided into 2 groups; (1) CON, control animals and (2)
NP-50 (50 μg/L), animals were treated with NP via drinking water. NP
exposures were continuously conducted from parental pre-mating period until the
postnatal day (PND) 55 of F2 offsprings. Mice were sacrificed on PND 55 and the
reproductive tissue weights were measured. The initial (at PND 21) and terminal
(PND 55) body weights of the NP-50 group animals were not significantly
different from those of control group animals. NP exposure fail to induce a
significant weight change of the testes, seminal vesicle and prostate except
absolute epididymal weight (p<0.05). However,
pathohistological studies revealed that NP-treated F2 animals showed evident
decrease in seminiferous tubule diameters, reduced luminal area and number of
germ cells. Also, sloughing morphologies in the tubules were notable. In the
caudal epididymis, fewer mature sperms and swollen epithelial cells were found
in the NP-treated group. The present study demonstrated that the subchronic
low-dose NP exposure induced pathohistological abnormalities in testis and
epididymis of F2 mice, and we assumed that these ‘qualitative’
changes in reproductive tissues could be derived from the epigenetic
modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, altered DNA
accessibility and chromatin structure. Further studies are needed to achieve a
better understanding on the multi- or trans-generational effects of NP on
the reproductive health and a human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Lifetechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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21
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Kim J, Cha S, Lee MY, Hwang YJ, Yang E, Choi D, Lee SH, Cheon YP. Chronic and Low Dose Exposure to Nonlyphenol or Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Alters Cell Proliferation and the Localization of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Uterine Endometria in Mice. Dev Reprod 2019; 23:263-275. [PMID: 31660453 PMCID: PMC6812976 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on our preliminary results, we examined the possible role of low-dose and
chronic-exposing of the chemicals those are known as endocrine disrupting
chemical (EDC), on the proliferation of uterine endometrium and the localization
of steroid receptors. Immunohistochemical or immunofluorochemical methodology
were employed to evaluate the localization of antigen identified by monoclonal
antibody Ki 67 protein (MKI67), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), estrogen receptor 2
(ESR2), and progesterone receptor (PGR). In 133 μg/L and 1,330
μg/L di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and 50 μg/L nonylphenol
(NP) groups, the ratio of MKI67 positive stromal cells was significantly
increased but not in 500 μg/L NP group. The ratios of MKI67 positive
glandular and luminal epithelial cells were also changed by the chronic
administration of NP and DEHP in tissue with dose specific manner. ESR1 signals
were localized in nucleus in glandular and luminal epithelia of control group
but its localization was mainly in cytoplasm in DEHP and NP administered groups.
On the other hand, it was decreased at nucleus of stromal cells in 1,330
μg/L DEHP group. The colocalization patterns of these nuclear receptors
were also modified by the administration of these chemicals. Such a tissue
specific and dose specific localization of ESR2 and PGR were detected as ESR1 in
all the uterine endometrial tissues. These results show that the chronic
lows-dose exposing of NP or DEHP modify the localization and colocalization of
ESRs and PGR, and of the proliferation patterns of the endometrial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhye Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sunyeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Eunhyeok Yang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Dept. of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
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22
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Kim YB, Cheon YP, Lee SH. Adverse Effect of Nonylphenol on the Reproductive System in F1 Male Mice: A Subchronic Low-Dose Exposure Model. Dev Reprod 2019; 23:93-99. [PMID: 31321349 PMCID: PMC6635614 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2019.23.2.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are widely used industrial materials, and are considered as
potent endocrine disrupting chemical. Present study was undertaken to clarify
the effect of subchronic low-dose NP exposure to F1 generation male mice. Mice
were divided into 2 groups; (1) CON, control animals and (2) NP-50 (50
μg/L), animals were treated with NP via drinking water. NP exposures were
continuously conducted from parental pre-mating period until the postnatal day
(PND) 55 of F1 offsprings. Mice were sacrificed on PND 55 and the tissue weights
were measured. The initial body weights (at PND 21) and terminal body weights
(PND 55) of the NP-50 animals were significantly lower than those of control
animals (p<0.05). NP exposure induced a significant
increase in the absolute weight of the testes (p<0.05).
Conversely, the NP exposure caused significant decrease in the absolute weights
of the epididymis (p<0.01), prostate
(p<0.05) and seminal vesicle
(p<0.05). Histopathological studies revealed that
NP-treated animals exerted decreased seminiferous tubule diameters, reduced
luminal area, and lower number of germ cells. Also some sloughing morphologies
in the tubules were observed. In the caudal epididymis, fewer mature sperms and
swollen epithelial cells were found in the NP-treated group. Our results
confirmed that the subchronic low-dose NP exposure altered some male parameters
and induced histopathological abnormalities in testis and epididymis of F1 mice.
Since the NP dose used in this study is close to the average human daily NP
exposure, our results could provide practically meaningful understanding of
adverse effect of EDC in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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Kim J, Cha S, Lee MY, Hwang YJ, Yang E, Ryou C, Jung HI, Cheon YP. Chronic Low-Dose Nonylphenol or Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate has a Different Estrogen-like Response in Mouse Uterus. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:379-391. [PMID: 30680337 PMCID: PMC6344359 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Through the development of organic synthetic skill, chemicals that mimic signaling mediators such as steroid hormones have been exposed to the environment. Recently, it has become apparent that this circumstance should be further studied in the field of physiology. Estrogenic action of chronic low-dose nonylphenol (NP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in mouse uterus was assessed in this study. Ten to twelve-week-old female mice (CD-1) were fed drinking water containing NP (50 or 500 μg/L) or DEHP (133 or 1,330 μg/L) for 10 weeks. Uterine diameter, the thickness of myometrium and endometrium, and the height of luminal epithelial cells were measured and the number of glands were counted. The expression levels of the known 17β-estradiol (E2)-regulated genes were evaluated with real-time RT-PCR methodology. The ration of uterine weight to body weight increased in 133 μg/L DEHP. Endometrial and myometrial thickness increased in 133 and 1,330 μg/L DEHP treated groups, and in 50, 500 μg/L NP and 133 μg/L DEHP, respectively. The height of luminal epithelial cell decreased in NP groups. The numbers of luminal epithelial gland were decreased in NP groups but increased in 50 μg/L DEHP group. The histological characters of glands were not different between groups. The mRNA expression profiles of the known 17β-estradiol (E2) downstream genes, Esr1, Esr2, Pgr, Lox, and Muc1, were also different between NP and DEHP groups. The expression levels dramatically increased in some genes by the NP or DEHP. Based on these results, it is suggested that the chronic low-dose NP or DEHP works as estrogen-like messengers in uterus with their own specific gene expression-regulation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhye Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sunyeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Eunhyeok Yang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Dept. of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Bioscience and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
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Hwang HG, Kim DH, Lee J, Mo Y, Lee SH, Lee Y, Hyeon JW, Lee SM, Cheon YP, Choi EK, Kim SY, Lee YS, Son YJ, Ryou C. High-Level Production of High-Purity Human and Murine Recombinant Prion Proteins Functionally Compatible to In Vitro Seeding Assay. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:1749-1759. [PMID: 30196595 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1805.05067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant (rec) prion protein (PrP) is an extremely useful resource for studying protein misfolding and subsequent protein aggregation events. Here, we report mass production of high-purity rec-polypeptide encoding the C-terminal globular domain of PrP; (90-230) for human and (89-231) for murine PrP. These proteins were expressed as His-tagged fusion proteins in E. coli cultured by a high cell-density aerobic fermentation method. RecPrPs recovered from inclusion bodies were slowly refolded under reducing conditions. Purification was performed by a sequence of metal-affinity, cation-exchange, and reverse-phase chromatography. The current procedure yielded several dozens of milligrams of recPrP per liter with >95% purity. The purified recPrPs predominantly adopted an α-helix-rich conformation and were functionally sufficient as substrates to measure the seeding activity of human and animal prions. Establishment of a procedure for high-level production of high-purity recPrP supports the advancement of in vitro investigations of PrP including diagnosis for prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Gwang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.,School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Mo
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Hyeon
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Moe Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seon Lee
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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25
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Lee SH, Park CW, Cheon YP, Lim CK. Potential of testicular sperm to support embryonic development to the blastocyst stage is comparable to that of ejaculated sperm. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1103-1111. [PMID: 29728797 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown that improved clinical outcomes can be achieved by transferring blastocysts rather than cleavage-stage embryos. However, blastocyst transfer is not performed in all patients. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using testicular sperm (TE) with those of ICSI cycles using ejaculated sperm (EJ). METHODS ICSI was performed using EJ in 141 cycles and TE in 37 cycles. Embryos were cultured for 5 days. The quality of embryos was assessed on days 3 and 5 before embryo transfer. RESULTS Fertilization rate was 77.3% in the EJ group and 69.6% in the TE group (p < 0.05). The good-quality embryos on day 3 and 5 were not different between the EJ and TE groups. Embryos did not develop to blastocyst stage in 7 cycles of the EJ group (5.0%) and 2 cycles of the TE group (5.4%). There were no significant differences in blastocyst formation and blastocyst quality (46.1% vs. 47.5% and 5.7% vs 5.8%, respectively) on day 5 between both groups. Embryos were transferred in all cycles. Implantation (22.8 vs. 24.7%), clinical pregnancy (44.7 vs. 43.2%), miscarriage (21.7 vs. 33.3%), and delivery (76.5 vs. 66.7%) did not differ between EJ group and TE group. Clinical outcomes of ICSI were not different between the EJ and TE groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the potential of testicular sperm supporting embryonic development to blastocysts is comparable to that of ejaculated sperm. Therefore, this study suggests that blastocyst transfer can be a very useful assisted reproductive technique in the ICSI cycles that require the use of testicular sperm, and the clinical outcomes of the cycles are comparable to those of ICSI cycles using ejaculated sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, 17, Seoae ro 1 Gil, Jung gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biosciences, Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Basic Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun Kyu Lim
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, 17, Seoae ro 1 Gil, Jung gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim HS, Cheon YP, Lee SH. Hershberger Assays for Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate and Its Substitute Candidates. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:19-27. [PMID: 29707681 PMCID: PMC5915764 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we employed Hershberger assay to determine possible androgenic or antiandrogenic activities of three di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) substitute candidates. The assay was carried out using immature castrated Sprague-Dawley male rats. After 7 days of the surgery, testosterone propionate (TP, 0.4 mg/kg/day) and test materials (low dose, 40 mg/kg/day; high dose, 400 mg/kg/day) were administered for 10 consecutive days by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and oral gavage, respectively. Test materials were DEHP, 2-ethylhexyl oleate (IOO), 2-ethylhexyl stearate (IOS) and triethyl 2-acetylcitrate (ATEC). The rats were necropsied, and then the weights of five androgen-dependent tissues [ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, coagulating glands, levator ani-bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle, paired Cowper's glands, and glans penis] and four androgen-insensitive tissues (kidney, adrenal glands, spleen and liver) were measured. All test materials including DEHP did not exhibit any androgenic activity in the assay. On the contrary, antiandrogen-like activities were found in all test groups, and the order of the intensity was ATEC < DEHP < ISO < IOO in the five androgen-sensitive tissues. There was no statistical difference between low dose treatment and high dose treatment of all replacement candidate groups. In DEHP groups, high dose treatment exhibited significant weight gains in LABC and Glan Penis. There was no statistical difference in androgen-insensitive tissue measurements. Since the effects of ATEC treatment on the accessory sex organs were much less or not present at all when compared to those of DEHP, ATEC could be a strong candidate to replace DEHP. IOO treatment brought most severe weight reduction in all of androgen-sensitive tissues, so this material should be excluded for further screening of DEHP substitute selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Su Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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Cha S, Jung K, Lee MY, Hwang YJ, Yang E, Lee SH, Jung HI, Cheon YP. Nonmonotonic Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Gonadal Weight and Reproductive. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:85-94. [PMID: 29707687 PMCID: PMC5915770 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.1.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors have been concerned in toxicology but now challenged as
physiological point especially concerned with exposing dose and period. In this
study the low-dose chronic administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthaltae (DEHP)
during reproductive period was examined to evaluate the possible roles. Adult
male and female CD-1 mice were exposed to DEHP with drinking water containing
133 1g/L and 1,330 /g/L DEHP in water according to OECD 433 guide line and
sacrificed just after weaning. The weights of uterus and ovary were decreased by
drinking of 1,330 /g/L DEHP water. There was not adverse effects on either
accumulated mating rate and mating rate depend on estrus stage, pregnancy
duration, and sex ration at birth. However, the accumulated rate of successful
delivery and litter size were significantly high at 1,330 dg/L DEHP water. The
number of epididymal sperm was significantly increased by drinking of 1,330 g/L
DEHP water. In addition, the number of follicles (primary, secondary, tertiary)
were more many than control at 1,330 /g/L DEHP water drunk mother. Though
further studies are needed to identify what are the mechanism of DEHP in
folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. From this study we firstly report the
effect of low-dose chronic administration of DEHP with drinking could change the
ovarian follicle population size and spermatogenesis rate. Put together, those
finding is different from previous high-dose effects and suggest the
physiological role of DEHP in gonads and uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Kayeon Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Eunhyeok Yang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Lifesicence, Sangmyung University, Soeul 03016, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
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Kim HS, Kim YB, Choi D, Cheon YP, Lee SH. Hershberger Assays for Bisphenol-A and Its Substitute Candidates. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:441-448. [PMID: 29354789 PMCID: PMC5769138 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A(BPA) is a member of alkylphenol family, and shows adverse effects including reduced fertility, reproductive tract abnormalities, metabolic disorder, cancer induction, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. In the present study, we conducted Hershberger assay to evaluate whether the two candidates to replace BPA have androgenic or antiandrogenic activity. The assay was carried out using immature castrated Sprague-Dawley male rats. After 7 days of the surgery, testosterone propionate (TP, 0.4 mg/kg/day) and test materials (low dose, 40 mg/kg/day; high dose, 400 mg/kg/day) were administered for 10 consecutive days by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and oral gavage, respectively. Test materials were BPA, isosorbide (ISO) and cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM). The rats were necropsied, and then the weights of five androgen-dependent tissues [ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, levator ani-bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle, paired Cowper's glands, and glans penis] and three androgen-insensitive tissues (kidney, spleen and liver) were measured. All test materials including BPA did not exhibit any androgenic activity in the assay. On the contrary, antiandrogen-like activities were found in all test groups, and the order of the intensity was CHDM > BPA > ISO in the five androgen-sensitive tissues. There was no statistical difference between low dose treatment and high dose treatment of BPA group as well as ISO group. In CHDM group, high dose treatment exhibited most severe weight reduction in all measured tissues. There was no statistical difference in androgen-insensitive tissue measurements, except BPA groups. Since the effects of ISO treatment on the accessory sex organs were much less or not present at all when compared to those of BPA, ISO could be a strong candidate to replace BPA. CHDM treatment brought most severe weight reduction in all of androgen-sensitive tissues, so this material should be excluded for further screening of BPA substitute selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Su Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Dept. of Life Science, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
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Cha S, Baek JW, Ji HJ, Choi JH, Kim C, Lee MY, Hwang YJ, Yang E, Lee SH, Jung HI, Cheon YP. Disturbing Effects of Chronic Low-dose 4-Nonylphenol exposing on Gonadal Weight and Reproductive Outcome over One-generation. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:121-130. [PMID: 28785733 PMCID: PMC5532304 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (NP) is a surfactant that is a well-known and widespread estrogenic
endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Although it has been known that the
affinity of NP to ERs is low, it has been suggested that low-dose NP has
toxicity. In the present study, the endocrine disrupting effects on
reproduction, and the weight of gonads, epididymis, and uterus were evaluated
with the chronic lower-dose NP exposing. This study was designed by following
the OECD test guideline 443 and subjected to a complete necropsy. In male, NP
had an effect on the weight of the testis and epididymis in both F0
and F1. In females, NP decreased the weight of ovary and uterus in
F0 but not in pre-pubertal F1 pubs. Fertility of male
and female in F0 or F1 was no related with NP
administration. The number of caudal-epididymal sperm by body weight (BW) was
not different between groups in both F0 and F1. Besides,
the difference of the sperm number between generations was not detected. The
number of ovulated oocytes was similar between groups in F0, but
significantly decreased in NP 50 group of F1. The litter size and sex
ratios of offspring in F1 and F2 were not different. The
accumulated mating rate and gestation period were not affected by the NP
administration. Those results shows that chronic lower-dose NP administration
has an effect of endocrine disruptor on the weight of gonads and epididymis of
F0 and F1 but not in reproduction. Based on the
results, it is suggested that chronic lower-dose NP exposing causes endocrine
disruption in the weight of gonad and epididymis but not in the reproductive
ability of next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Baek
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ji
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Chaelim Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Eunhyeok Yang
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Lifesicence, Sangmyung University, Soeul 03016, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
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Hwang H, Cheon YP. cyclic GMP Mediated Inhibition of Spontaneous Germinal Vesicle
Breakdown Both with and without Cumulus in Mouse Oocyte. Dev Reprod 2016; 20:359-365. [PMID: 28144640 PMCID: PMC5270610 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2016.20.4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Intact germinal vesicle (GV) arrest and release are essential for maintaining the
fertility of mammals inducing human. Intact germinal vesicle release, maturation
of oocytes is maintained by very complex procedures along with folliculogenesis
and is a critical step for embryonic development. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
(cGMP) has been suggested a key factor for meiotic arrest but so far its
mechanisms are controversy. In this study we examine the effects of cGMP on
germinal vesicle breakdown in cumulus-enclosed oocytes and denuded oocytes.
Spontaneous maturation was inhibited by a cGMP agonist, 8-Br-cGMP with
concentration dependent manners both in cumulus-enclosed oocytes and denuded
oocytes. The inhibitory effect was more severe in denuded oocytes than
cumulus-enclosed oocytes. The Rp-8-Br-cGMP and Rp-pCPT-8-Br-cGMP did not
severely block GVB compared to 8-Br-cGMP. The spontaneous GVB inhibitory effects
were different by the existence of cumulus. Based on them it is suggested that
the cumulus modulates the role of cGMP in GV arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Hwang
- Department of Biology, Institute Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s
University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Department of Biology, Institute Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s
University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding Author : Yong-Pil Cheon, Department
of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, 249-1
Dongseon-dong 3-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-742, Korea, Phone : 82-2-920-7639,
Fax : 82-2-920-2093, e-mail :
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31
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Abstract
Purine metabolism is known factor for nuclear maturation of oocytes through both follicle cells and oocyte itself. However, it is largely unknown the roles of purine metabolism in the oocyte competence for fertilization and early development. In this study, the effects of adenosine in oocyte competence for development were examined using adenosine and its synthetic inhibitors. Adenosine treatment from GV intact stage for 18 hr (fGV) caused of decrease the fertilization rate but of increase the cleavage rate compared from the other stage treatment groups. Hadacidin did not effect on fertilization rate but increased cleavage rate without stage specificity. Adenosine did not block the effects of hadacidin with the exception of fGV group. By the inhibition of purine synthetic pathways the fertilization rate was decreased in the fGV and fGVB groups but increased in the fMII group. Exogenous adenosine caused of decrease fertilization rate in the fGVB group but increase in the fMII group. Cleavage rate was dramatically increased in the adenosine treatment with synthetic inhibitors. It means that the metabolism of purine has stage specific effects on fertilization and cleavage. Exogenous adenosine had only can improve oocyte developmental competence when it treated at GV intact stage. On the other hand, endogenous synthesis in all maturation stage caused of increase the cleavage rate without effects on fertilization. These data suggest that adenosine at GV stage as a paracrine fashion and inhibitions of endogenous adenosine in all stage improve oocyte developmental competence..
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Development and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) disturbs normal functions from the level of cells to the level of organs. In this study, the authors explore the detrimental effects of type 1 diabetes on meiotic regulation depending on the duration of DM. In non-diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdr) control rats, most of the large follicles had germinal vesicle (GV)-intact oocytes. Conversely, a decrease of intact GV that was dependent on the duration of diabetic symptoms was observed; only 54% of the large follicles of diabetes-prone BB (BBdp) rats had GV-intact oocytes at 6 weeks after diabetes induction. Furthermore, some of the secondary follicles in BBdp rats also had germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) oocytes. The nuclear status of the euglycemia BBdp rat was similar to those of the BBdr rat. In BBdp rats, the rate of meiotic progression to the metaphase II stage was significantly lower; however, the rate of segregated oocytes was significantly increased compared with controls during induction of in vitro maturation. The rate of segregated oocytes was not affected by the presence of the cumulus after chronic symptoms. These results indicate that chronic DM has a detrimental effect on meiotic regulation during folliculogenesis and results in a reduced number of competent oocytes. In addition, these data suggest that the follicle cells can resume supporting the meiotic regulation under euglycemia through insulin administration, independent of the duration of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- KilSoo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Kim JS, Chae JH, Cheon YP, Kim CG. Reciprocal localization of transcription factors YY1 and CP2c in spermatogonial stem cells and their putative roles during spermatogenesis. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:685-692. [PMID: 27612612 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining stemness and permitting differentiation mediated by combinations of transcription factors (TFs) are key aspects of mammalian spermatogenesis. It has been established that yin yang 1 (YY1), a target factor of mammalian polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and a regulator of stemness, is involved in the stable maintenance of prophase stage spermatocytes. Recently, we have demonstrated that the TF CP2c partners with YY1 in some cells to antagonistically regulate the other protein's function. To date, the functional roles of YY1 and CP2c in spermatogonial stem cells and their derived germ cells remain unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of YY1 and CP2c in mouse gonocytes and germ cells using tissue immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. At E14.5, both YY1 and CP2c were stained in gonocytes and Sertoli cells in testicular cords, showing different proportion and density of immunoreactivity. However, in adult testes, YY1 was localized in the nuclei of spermatogonial stem cells and spermatocytes, but not in spermatozoa. It was also detected in spermatogonia and spermatids in a stage-specific manner during spermatogenic cycle. CP2c could be detected mostly in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes but not at all in spermatogonial stem cells, indicating mutually exclusive expression of CP2c and YY1. Interestingly, however, CP2c was stained in the cytoplasm and nucleus of spermatogonia at elongation and release stages, and co-localized with YY1 in the nucleus at grouping, maturation, and releasing stages. Neither YY1 nor CP2c was expressed in spermatozoa. Our data indicate that YY1 strongly localizes in the spermatogonial stem cells and co-localizes heterogeneously with CP2c to permit spermatogenesis, and also suggest that YY1 is essential for stemness of spermatogonial stem cells (SCs) whereas CP2c is critical for the commitment of spermatogonia and during the progression of spermatogonia to spermatids. This evaluation expands our understanding of the molecular mechanism of spermatogonia formation as well as spermatogenesis in general.
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Kim HS, Ha KS, Kwon HC, Lee SJ, Kim CH, Cheon YP. Enhancing the developmental competence of the early embryo using secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor. Differentiation 2016; 92:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kim CL, Cha SY, Chun MY, Kim B, Choi MY, Cheon YP. Positive Effects of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) on the Stability of the Integument Structure in Diet-Induced Obese Female Mice. Dev Reprod 2016; 19:145-52. [PMID: 27004271 PMCID: PMC4801041 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) is a known to modulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in 3T3-L1. However, the possible role of DPHC in integument stability during obesity induction is not clear yet. We evaluated the effects of DPHC on collagen or elastic fiber quantity in integument during obesity induction with high-fat diet. The dorsal back integument sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, Masson trichrome, and Verhoff-Van Gieson. The intensities of collagen fibers and elastin fibers were analyzed with ImageJ. The number of fibroblasts was counted at ×1,000 fields. The number of fibroblast was increased by obesity induction, but DPHC suppressed it in a concentrationdependent manner both in lean and obese mice. On the other hand, the intensities of collagen fibers were increased by DPHC treatment in obese mice groups but not in lean mice groups. The intensities of collagen fibers of obese mice were lower than that of the lean mice in 0% group. However, the number became similar between lean and obese mice by the treatment of DPHC. The intensity of elastic fibers was increased in the lean mice with the concentration of DPHC. In the obese mice group, there were increasing patterns but only significant at 10% DPHC group. The intensity of elastic fibers of obese mice was higher than lean mice in 0%, 1%, and 10% groups. Histologically epithelial cells and follicle cells which were diffused nuclear staining forms were increased by DPHC treatment. The results suggest that the activity of integument cells during obesity induction can be modulated by DPHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Lim Kim
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Sun-Yeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Min Young Chun
- Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Exercise Rehabilitation and Welfare, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Min Young Choi
- Industrial Design, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Korea
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Abstract
Black soybean teata is helpful to preventing obesity through enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue. The ethanol testa-extract of Cheongja #3 black soybean (ETCBS) is also have similar effects on obesity. So far, it is not clear whether the ethanol testa extract of black soybean can have effect on the characters of subcutaneous adipose stem cells such as proliferation, activity, and adipogenicity. The doubling time was different between subcutaneous adipose-derived stem (ADS) and visceral ADS cells. By the in vitro culture and passage, the doubling time was increased both of them. The shape was not different between groups and their passages were not cause the change of shapes. In the case of visceral ADS cells, the doubling time was 62.3 h or 40.3 h in control or high fat diet administrated mice, respectively, but not modified in subcutaneous ADS cells. ETCBS administration caused of increased the doubling time from 62.3 h to 84.2 h. ETCBS had suppressive effects on the cellular activity of subcutaneous ADS cells. The intensity of Oil Red O staining was very faint in 100 and 200 μg/mL ETCBS treated groups. The amounts of accumulated triglyceride were also significantly low in 100 and 200 μg/mL treated groups. From these results we know that the doubling times and the effects of ETCBS are different by the anatomical origin of ADS cells. It also suggested that ETCBS may suppress the differentiation of subcutaneous ADS cells into the precursors and maturing of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younmi Jeon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosicences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosicences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
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Cheon YP, Kim CH. Impact of glycosylation on the unimpaired functions of the sperm. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2015; 42:77-85. [PMID: 26473106 PMCID: PMC4604297 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2015.42.3.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key factors of early development is the specification of competence between the oocyte and the sperm, which occurs during gametogenesis. However, the starting point, growth, and maturation for acquiring competence during spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mammals are very different. Spermatogenesis includes spermiogenesis, but such a metamorphosis is not observed during oogenesis. Glycosylation, a ubiquitous modification, is a preliminary requisite for distribution of the structural and functional components of spermatids for metamorphosis. In addition, glycosylation using epididymal or female genital secretory glycans is an important process for the sperm maturation, the acquisition of the potential for fertilization, and the acceleration of early embryo development. However, nonemzymatic unexpected covalent bonding of a carbohydrate and malglycosylation can result in falling fertility rates as shown in the diabetic male. So far, glycosylation during spermatogenesis and the dynamics of the plasma membrane in the process of capacitation and fertilization have been evaluated, and a powerful role of glycosylation in spermatogenesis and early development is also suggested by structural bioinformatics, functional genomics, and functional proteomics. Further understanding of glycosylation is needed to provide a better understanding of fertilization and embryo development and for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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Park JW, Cheon YP. Temporal Aquaporin 11 Expression and Localization during Preimplantation Embryo Development. Dev Reprod 2015; 19:53-60. [PMID: 25949210 DOI: 10.12717/devrep.2015.19.1.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions during early mammalian embryo development are critical and some adaptational phenomena are observed. However, the mechanisms underlying them remain largely masked. Previously, we reported that AQP5 expression is modified by the environmental condition without losing the developmental potency. In this study, AQP11 was examined instead. To compare expression pattern between in vivo and in vitro, we conducted quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed localization of the AQP11 by whole mount immunofluorescence. When the fertilized embryos were developed in the maternal tracts, the level of Aqp11 transcripts was decreased devrepamatically until 2-cell stage. Its level increased after 2-cell stage and peaked at 4-cell stage, but decreased again devrepamatically until morula stage. Its transcript level increased again at blastocyst stage. In contrast, the levels of Aqp11 transcript in embryos cultured in vitro were as follows. The patterns of expression were similar but the overall levels were low compared with those of embryos grown in the maternal tracts. AQP11 proteins were localized in submembrane cytoplasm of embryos collected from maternal reproductive tracts. The immune-reactive signals were detected in both trophectoderm and inner cell mass. However, its localization was altered in in vitro culture condition. It was localized mainly in the plasma membrane of the blastocysts contacting with external environment. The present study suggests that early stage embryo can develop successfully by themselves adapting to their environmental condition through modulation of the expression level and localization of specific genes like AQP11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Park
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 147-742, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 147-742, Korea
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Jung YJ, Cheon YP. Improvement of the vitrification method suppressing the disturbance of meiotic spindle and chromosome systems in mature oocytes. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:117-25. [PMID: 25949179 PMCID: PMC4282253 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification method is widely used in oocyte cryopreservation for IVF but the birth rates are lower than that of the fresh oocyte. One of the known main reasons is structural instability of meiotic spindle and chromosome systems of mature oocyte. To get the best way for keeping competence of matured oocytes, we studied the best conditions for vitrification focused on equilibration times. The mature oocytes were underwent vitrification with current popular method and analyzed the survival rates, microtubule stability and DNA integrity. The survival rates of recovered oocyte are almost same between groups and are more than 93%. The structural configuration of meiotic spindle was well kept in 10 min equilibration group and the stability rate was almost same with that of control. The chromosomal breakdown was observed in all experimental groups, but the chromosomal stability was higher in 10 min equilibration group than the other groups. The 10 min equilibration group showed best condition compared with the other groups. Based on these results, the equilibration time is one of the key factors in successful keeping for competence of mature oocyte. Although, more fine analysis about the effects of physical stress on oocyte during vitrification is needed to define the optimal condition, it is suggested that the optimal equilibration time to get competent oocyte in mouse is 10 min. Information acquired this study may provide insight into intracellular structural events occurring in human oocytes after vitrification and application for cryopreservation of human oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jin Jung
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute of Basic Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Institute of Basic Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea
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Kim CH, Cheon YP, Lee YJ, Lee KH, Kim SH, Chae HD, Kang BM. The Effect of Fibroblast Co-culture on In Vitro Maturation of Mouse Preantral Follicles. Dev Reprod 2015; 17:269-74. [PMID: 25949142 PMCID: PMC4282301 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2013.17.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of fibroblast co-culture on in vitro maturation (IVM) of prepubertal mouse preantral follicles. The intact preantral follicles were obtained from the ovaries of 12-14 day old mice and these were cultured individually in α-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mIU/Ml recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, 100 μg/ml penicillin and 50 μg/Ml streptomycin as base medium for 12 days. A total of 200 follicles were cultured in base medium co-cultured with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) (MEF group) (n=100) or only base medium as control group (n=100). Survival rate of follicles on day 12 of culture were significantly higher in the MEF group of 90.0%, compared with 77.0% of the control group (p=0.021). Follicle diameters on day 6 and 8 of the culture period were significantly larger in the MEF group than those in the control group (p=0.021, p=0.007, respectively). Estradiol levels in culture media on day 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of the culture period were significantly higher in the MEF group (p=0.043, p=0.021, p=0.006, p<0.001 and p=0.008, retrospectively). Our data suggest that MEF cell co-culture on IVM of mouse preantral follicle increases survival rate and promotes follicular growth and steroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Development and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute for Basic Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jeong Lee
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Lee
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Chae
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Moon Kang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Environmental conditions during early mammalian embryo development are critical and some adaptational phenomena are observed. However, the mechanisms underlying them remain largely masked. Previously, we reported that AQP5 expression is modified by the environmental condition without losing the developmental potency. In this study, AQP11 was examined instead. To compare expression pattern between in vivo and in vitro, we conducted quantitative RT-PCR and analyzed localization of the AQP11 by whole mount immunofluorescence. When the fertilized embryos were developed in the maternal tracts, the level of Aqp11 transcripts was decreased dramatically until 2-cell stage. Its level increased after 2-cell stage and peaked at 4-cell stage, but decreased again dramatically until morula stage. Its transcript level increased again at blastocyst stage. In contrast, the levels of Aqp11 transcript in embryos cultured in vitro were as follows. The patterns of expression were similar but the overall levels were low compared with those of embryos grown in the maternal tracts. AQP11 proteins were localized in submembrane cytoplasm of embryos collected from maternal reproductive tracts. The immune-reactive signals were detected in both trophectoderm and inner cell mass. However, its localization was altered in in vitro culture condition. It was localized mainly in the plasma membrane of the blastocysts contacting with external environment. The present study suggests that early stage embryo can develop successfully by themselves adapting to their environmental condition through modulation of the expression level and localization of specific genes like AQP11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Park
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 147-742, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin University, Seoul 147-742, Korea
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Hwang H, Cheon YP. Adenosine receptors mediated intracellular calcium in cumulus cells involved in the maintenance of first meiotic arrest. Dev Reprod 2015; 17:141-7. [PMID: 25949130 PMCID: PMC4282271 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2013.17.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Keeping the intact germinal vesicle (GV) is essential for maintaining the capacity of mammals including human. It is maintained by very complex procedures along with folliculogenesis and is a critical step for getting competent oocyte. So far, a few mechanisms involved in folliculogenesis are known but GV arrest mechanisms are largely unrevealed. Cyclic AMP, a adenosine derived substance, have been used as inhibitor of germinal vesicle breakdown as a putative oocyte maturation inhibitor. In this study, we examined the potency of adenosine as GV maintainer and a possible signaling mediator for that. A1, A2b, and A3 were detected in cumulus cells of cumulus enclosed-oocyte (CEO). Intact of germinal vesicle was not kept like in follicle but the spontaneous maturation was inhibited by exogenous adenosine. It is inhibited with concentration dependent manners. Intracellular calcium level of cumulus was extensively increased after adenosine treatment. Based on these results it is suggested that one of the pathway for GV arrest by adenosine and its receptors is calcium mediated signaling pathway in CEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Hwang
- Division of Development and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Development and Physiology, Department of Biology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, Republic of Korea
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Jeon Y, Lee MS, Cheon YP. Decreased contact inhibition in mouse adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Dev Reprod 2015; 16:329-38. [PMID: 25949108 PMCID: PMC4282245 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2012.16.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of embryonic cells or adult stem cells in tissue is critically regulated during development and repair. How limited the proliferation of cells, so far, is not much explored. Cell-cell contact proliferation inhibition is known as a crucial mechanism regulating cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this study we examined the characters of mouse subcutaneous adipose derived stem cells (msADSC) whether they lost or get contact inhibition during in vitro culture. The characters of msADSC growth after confluence were analyzed using confocal microscope and the expression profiles of contact inhibition related genes were analyzed according to the morphological changes using real-time PCR method. msADSC showed overlapping growth between them but not after passage 14. The cell shapes were also changed after passage 14. The expression profiles of genes which are involved in contact inhibition were modified in the msADSC after passage 14. The differentiation ability of msADSCs to adipocyte, chondrocyte and osteocyte was not changed by such changes of gene expression profiles. Based on these results, it is revealed that smADSC were characterized by getting of strong cell-cell contact inhibition after passage 14 but the proliferation and developmental ability were not blocked by the change of cell-cell contact proliferation inhibition. These finding will help to understand the growth of adipose tissue, although further studies are needed to evaluate the physiological meaning of the cell-cell contact proliferation inhibition during in vitro culture of msADSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmi Jeon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Womens University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Lee
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Womens University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Womens University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
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Cha SY, Cheon YP. Suppressive Effects of an Ishige okamurae extract on 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation. Dev Reprod 2015; 17:451-9. [PMID: 25949162 PMCID: PMC4382942 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2013.17.4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of tissue specific stem cell is under the control of their specific microenvironment and the exogenous chemicals derived from digestive tract can be one of the constructing factors of that. It is suggested that the extract of brown algae Ishige okamurae has antioxidant-, apoptosis induction-, and antiinflammatory- effects. On the other hand, a few studies have shown that antioxidant assist inhibition of accumulation of fat. So we studied the effect of the extract of I. okamura on the cellular activity and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to adipose cell. The viability of cell was analyzed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cell was analyzed after induction in the induction medium containing the I. okamurae extract. The cellular activity was high compared with the vehicle and 0.05 mM caffeine in all groups of I. okamurae extract treated cells. The extract of I. okamura inhibited accumulation of lipids in 10 and 50 μg/ml. The expression of the marker genes for adipocyte differentiation coincided with cytochemical results. These results suggest that the extract of I. okamurae increases the cellular viability of adipose precursor cells. On the other hand, it suppresses the differentiation of preadipocyte to adipocyte and accumulation of lipids in concentration-dependent manners. It may be possible that the major component of the extract can be applied in the control of adipose tissuegenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yeong Cha
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-742, Republic of Korea
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Park JJ, Shin YK, Hung SS, Romano N, Cheon YP, Kim JW. Reproductive impairment and intersexuality inGomphina veneriformis(Bivalvia: Veneridae) by the tributyltin compound. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.995225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Jeon Y, Song S, Kim H, Cheon YP. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol of Ishige okamurae and Caffeine Modified the Expression of Extracellular Fibrillars during Adipogenesis of Mouse Subcutaneous Adipose Derived Stem Cell. Dev Reprod 2013; 17:275-87. [PMID: 25949143 PMCID: PMC4282291 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2013.17.3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although, one of the etiologies of localized lipodystrophy of the subcutaneous connective tissue (cellulite) is the histological alternation of adipose tissue, the characteristics of expression of the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) components during adipogenesis are not uncovered. In this study, the effects of caffeine and Ishige okamurae originated diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) on the expression of extracellualr fibers was analyzed with quantitative RT-PCR during differentiation induction of mouse subcutaneous adipose derived stem cells (msADSC) into adipocyte. The expression levels of Col1a, Col3a1, and Col61a were decreased by the adipogenci induction in a time-dependent manners. However, Col2a mRNA and Col4a1 mRNA expressions were oposit to them. Caffeine and DPHC stimulated the changes of the expression of these collagens. Eln mRNA expression was increased by induction. DPHC stimulated the expression of it. Mfap5 mRNA expression was deceased in both adipogenic cell and matured adipocytes. Caffeine suppressed the expression of Mfap5 but the effect of DPHC was different by the concentration. The expression of bioglycan, decorin, and lumican were also modified by caffeine and DPHC in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on this study, we revealed firstly the effects of caffeine and DPHC on the expression of collagens, elastin, and glycoproteins during adipogenesis of msADSCs. Those results suggest that DPHC may have antiadipogenic effect and has more positive effets on normal adipose tissue generation and work as suppressor the abnormality of ECM structure. Such results indicate that DPHC can be applied in keeping the stability of the ECM of adipogenic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younmi Jeon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosicences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 142-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Song
- NSTECH Co. Ltd., Incheon 405-848, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagju Kim
- Seojin BioTech Co. Ltd., Suwon 443-373, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosicences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 142-742, Republic of Korea
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Kim SI, Jang YS, Han SH, Choi MJ, Go EH, Cheon YP, Lee JS, Lee SH. Effect of manganese exposure on the reproductive organs in immature female rats. Dev Reprod 2012; 16:295-300. [PMID: 25949103 PMCID: PMC4282234 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2012.16.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn(2+)) is a trace element that is essential for normal physiology, and is predominantly obtained from food. Several lines of evidence, however, demonstrated that overexposure to MnCl2 exerts serious neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and developmental toxicity, particularly in male. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0, 1.0, 3.3, and 10 mg/kg/day doses of MnCl2 on the reproductive organs in the immature female rats. Rats (PND 22; S.D. strain) were exposed to MnCl2 (MnCl2 ∙ 4H2O) dissolved in drinking water for 2 weeks. The animals were sacrificed on PND 35, then the tissues were immediately removed and weighed. Histological studies were performed using the uteri tissue samples. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured with the specific ELISA kits. Body weights of the experimental group animals were not significantly different from those of control group animals. However, ovarian tissue weights in 1 mg and 3.3 mg MnCl2 dose groups were significantly lower than those of control animals (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Uterine tissue weights of 3.3 mg dose MnCl2 groups were significantly lower than those of control animals (p<0.01), while the 1 mg MnCl2 dose and 10 mg MnCl2 dose failed to induce any change in uterine weight. Similarly, only 3.3 mg MnCl2 dose could induce the significant decrease in the oviduct weight compared to the control group (p<0.05). Non-reproductive tissues such as adrenal and kidney failed to respond to all doses of MnCl2 exposure. The uterine histology revealed that the MnCl2 exposure could affect the myometrial cell proliferation particularly in 3.3 mg dose and 10mg dose group. Serum FSH levels were significantly decreased in 1mg MnCl2 dose and 10 MnCl2 mg groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In contrast, treatment with 1 mg MnCl2 dose induced a significant increment of serum LH level (p<0.05). The present study demonstrated that MnCl2 exposure is capable of inducing abnormal development of reproductive tissues, at least to some extent, and altered gonadotropin secretions in immature female rats. Combined with the well-defined actions of this metal on GnRH and prolactin secretion, one can suggest the Mn(2+) might be a potential environmental mediator which is involved in the female pubertal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo In Kim
- Dept. of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Jang
- Dept. of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Han
- Dept. of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Choi
- Dept. of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Go
- Dept. of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Dept. of Biology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 550-749, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Dept. of Green Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 110-743, Korea
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Lee DM, Bhat AR, Kim YW, Shin DH, Kim JY, Kim KJ, Lee KH, Cheon YP, Chun T, Choi I. Effects of porcine testis extract on wound healing in rat. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2012.726645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
It has been revealed that multiple cohorts of tertiary follicles develop during some animal estrous cycle and the human menstrual cycle. To reach developmental competence, oocytes need the support of somatic cells. During embryogenesis, the primordial germ cells appear, travel to the gonadal rudiments, and form follicles. The female germ cells develop within the somatic cells of the ovary, granulosa cells, and theca cells. How the oocyte and follicle cells support each other has been seriously studied. The latest technologies in genes and proteins and genetic engineering have allowed us to collect a great deal of information about folliculogenesis. For example, a few web pages (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; http://mrg.genetics.washington.edu) provide access to databases of genomes, sequences of transcriptomes, and various tools for analyzing and discovering genes important in ovarian development. Formation of the antrum (tertiary follicle) is the final phase of folliculogenesis and the transition from intraovarian to extraovian regulation. This final step coordinates with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. On the other hand, currently, follicle physiology is under intense investigation, as little is known about how to overcome women's ovarian problems or how to develop competent oocytes from in vitro follicle culture or transplantation. In this review, some of the known roles of hormones and some of the genes involved in tertiary follicle growth and the general characteristics of tertiary follicles are summarized. In addition, in vitro culture of tertiary follicles is also discussed as a study model and an assisted reproductive technology model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee HH, Lee SJ, Kim S, Jeong S, Na M, Lee DM, Cheon YP, Lee KH, Choi I, Chun T. Porcine testicular extract inhibits T cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle transition from G₁ phase to S phase. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1225-33. [PMID: 22456900 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since T cells express diverse sex steroid hormone receptors, they might be a good model to evaluate the effects of sex steroid hormones on immune modulation. Porcine testicular extract contains several sex steroid hormones and may be useful to study the effects of sex steroid hormones during T cell activation. We have examined the effects of the porcine testicular extract on T cell activation: proliferation and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) by activated T cells were severely decreased after treatment with porcine testicular extract. The extract produced an immunosuppressive effect and inhibited the proliferation of activated T cells by blocking the cell cycle transition from the G(1) phase to S phase. These effects were mediated by a decrease in the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and constitutive expression of p27(KIP1) after T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hyoung Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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