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Mohamed AH, Ahmed AT, Al Abdulmonem W, Bokov DO, Shafie A, Al-Hetty HRAK, Hsu CY, Alissa M, Nazir S, Jamali MC, Mudhafar M. Interleukin-6 serves as a critical factor in various cancer progression and therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:182. [PMID: 38900329 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in host immune defense and acute stress responses. Moreover, it modulates various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and differentiation. These effects are facilitated by various signaling pathways, particularly the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). However, excessive IL-6 production and dysregulated signaling are associated with various cancers, promoting tumorigenesis by influencing all cancer hallmarks, such as apoptosis, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and notably, metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that selective inhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway yields therapeutic benefits across diverse malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, prostate, colorectal, renal, ovarian, and lung cancers. Targeting key components of IL-6 signaling, such as IL-6Rs, gp130, STAT3, and JAK via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or small molecules, is a heavily researched approach in preclinical cancer studies. The purpose of this study is to offer an overview of the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathway in various cancer types. Furthermore, we discussed current preclinical and clinical studies focusing on targeting IL-6 signaling as a therapeutic strategy for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman T Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, AL-Anbar Governorate, Iraq.
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, Russian Federation, 109240
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Nazir
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Chand Jamali
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Mudhafar
- Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques and Intensive Care, Al-Taff University College, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq
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Long L, Fei X, Chen L, Yao L, Lei X. Potential therapeutic targets of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1381251. [PMID: 38699644 PMCID: PMC11063389 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1381251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its propensity for metastasis and poor prognosis. TNBC evades the body's immune system recognition and attack through various mechanisms, including the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. This pathway, characterized by heightened activity in numerous solid tumors, exhibits pronounced activation in specific TNBC subtypes. Consequently, targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway emerges as a promising and precise therapeutic strategy for TNBC. The signal transduction cascade of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway predominantly involves receptor tyrosine kinases, the tyrosine kinase JAK2, and the transcription factor STAT3. Ongoing preclinical studies and clinical research are actively investigating this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC treatment. This article comprehensively reviews preclinical and clinical investigations into TNBC treatment by targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway using small molecule compounds. The review explores the role of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in TNBC therapeutics, evaluating the benefits and limitations of active inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras in TNBC treatment. The aim is to facilitate the development of novel small-molecule compounds that target TNBC effectively. Ultimately, this work seeks to contribute to enhancing therapeutic efficacy for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Fei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liucui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liang Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Hengyang, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Liu WJ, Hu ZC, Wu YX, Deng SH, Ren ZL, Dong ZB. Selective Construction of C-S/S-N Bonds from N-Substituted O-Thiocarbamates and Indoles under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4098-4112. [PMID: 38421813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A method for the selective construction of S-N/C(sp2)-S bonds using N-substituted O-thiocarbamates and indoles as substrates is reported. This protocol features good atom utilization, mild conditions, short reaction time, and wide substrate scope, which can provide a convenient path for the functionalization of indoles. In addition, the reaction could be scaled up on gram scale, showing potential application value in industry synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yu-Xi Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shi-Hao Deng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Kohal R, Bisht P, Gupta GD, Verma SK. Targeting JAK2/STAT3 for the treatment of cancer: A review on recent advancements in molecular development using structural analysis and SAR investigations. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107095. [PMID: 38211548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is indeed considered a hazardous and potentially life-threatening disorder. The JAK/STAT pathway is an important intracellular signaling cascade essential for many physiological functions, such as immune response, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway aids in the progression and development of cancer. The downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascades are legitimate targets against which newer anticancer drugs can be developed to prevent and treat cancer. Understanding the mechanisms behind JAK2/STAT3 participation in cancer has paved the way for developing innovative targeted medicines with the potential to improve cancer treatment outcomes. This article provides information on the current scenario and recent advancements in the design and development of anticancer drugs targeting JAK2/STAT3, including structural analysis and SAR investigations of synthesized molecules. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials are ongoing on these inhibitors, which are highlighted to gain more insight into the broader development prospects of inhibitors of JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Kohal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India.
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Bednarek R, Wojkowska DW, Braun M, Watala C, Salifu MO, Swiatkowska M, Babinska A. Triple negative breast cancer metastasis is hindered by a peptide antagonist of F11R/JAM‑A protein. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:160. [PMID: 37563645 PMCID: PMC10416405 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The F11R/JAM-A cell adhesion protein was examined as the therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with the use of the peptide antagonist to F11R/JAM-A, that previously inhibited the early stages of breast cancer metastasis in vitro. METHODS The online in silico analysis was performed by TNMPlot, UALCAN, and KM plotter. The in vitro experiments were performed to verify the effect of peptide 4D (P4D) on human endothelial cell lines EA.hy926 and HMEC-1 as well as on human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. The cell morphology upon P4D treatment was verified by light microscopy, while the cell functions were assessed by colony forming assay, MTT cell viability assay, BrdU cell proliferation assay, and Transepithelial/Endothelial Electrical Resistance measurements. The in vivo experiments on 4T1 murine breast cancer model were followed by histopathological analysis and a series of quantitative analyses of murine tissues. RESULTS By in silico analysis we have found the elevated gene expression in breast cancer with particular emphasis on TNBC. The elevated F11R expression in TNBC was related with poorer survival prognosis. Peptide 4D has altered the morphology and increased the permeability of endothelial monolayers. The colony formation, viability, and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells were decreased. P4D inhibited the metastasis in 4T1 breast cancer murine model in a statistically significant manner that was demonstrated by the resampling bootstrap technique. CONCLUSIONS The P4D peptide antagonist to F11R/JAM-A is able to hinder the metastasis in TNBC. This assumption needs to be confirmed by additional 4T1 mouse model study performed on larger group size, before making the decision on human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Bednarek
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dagmara W Wojkowska
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Moro O Salifu
- Department of Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Maria Swiatkowska
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Babinska
- Department of Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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