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Ghiasvand R, Green AC, Veierød MB, Robsahm TE. Incidence and Factors Associated With Second Primary Invasive Melanoma in Norway. JAMA Dermatol 2024; 160:402-408. [PMID: 38416466 PMCID: PMC10902780 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.6251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Importance Patients diagnosed with a primary melanoma are at high risk of subsequent melanomas. Understanding the risk of second primary invasive melanoma and associated factors is crucial to optimize patient follow-up. Objective To assess the incidence rate of second primary invasive melanoma and time between the first and second primary invasive melanoma in the Norwegian population. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study included data from deidentified records of all invasive melanomas diagnosed in Norway in 2008 to 2020, obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Data were from adults aged 18 years or older diagnosed with a first primary melanoma. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the incidence rate of second primary invasive melanoma at least 30 days after the first. Accelerated failure time models were fitted to examine potential associations with patient and tumor characteristics. Median time between first and second primary melanomas and 95% CIs were calculated. The likelihood of, and median interval for, second primary melanomas on the same or different site as the first primary were calculated. Results A total of 19 196 individuals aged 18 years or older were diagnosed with a first primary melanoma. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis of the first primary melanoma was 62 (16) years (range, 18-104 years), and 9763 (51%) were female. The incidence rate in the year following diagnosis was 16.8 (95% CI, 14.9-18.7) per 1000 person-years, which decreased to 7.3 (95% CI, 6.0-8.6) during the second year and stabilized thereafter. Median time between first and second primaries decreased with advancing age and was 37 months (95% CI, 8-49) in patients younger than 40 years, 18 (95% CI, 13-24) in patients aged 50 to 59 years, and 11 (95% CI, 7-18) in patients aged 80 years or older. The second primary was on the same site as their first primary for 47% (359 patients), and on a different site for 53% (407 patients). The median interval until second melanoma on the same site as the initial melanoma was 12 (95% CI, 7-19) months in men and 22 (95% CI, 11-35) months in women. Conclusions and Relevance Older age and male sex were associated with an increased risk, suggesting that increased surveillance intensity may be considered for men, especially those older than 50 years, for at least 3 years after their initial diagnosis, regardless of the characteristics of their first invasive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele C. Green
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marit B. Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude E. Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Huang Y, Fleming P, Fung K, Chan AW. Association between dermatology follow-up and melanoma survival: A population-based cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00372-4. [PMID: 38368952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend that patients with melanoma undergo dermatologic examination at least annually. Adherence to follow-up and its impact on survival are unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the level of adherence to annual dermatologic follow-up in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma, identify predictors for better adherence, and evaluate whether adherence was associated with melanoma-related mortality. METHODS Retrospective inception cohort analysis of adults with primary invasive melanoma in Ontario, Canada from 2010 to 2013 with follow-up until December 31, 2018. RESULTS Adherence to dermatologic follow-up was variable with only 28.0% of patients seeing a dermatologist at least annually (median follow-up 5.0 years). Younger age, female sex, higher income, greater access to dermatology care, stage 2/3 melanoma, prior keratinocyte carcinoma, fewer comorbidities, and any outpatient visit in the 12 months prior to melanoma diagnosis were predictors for adherence. Greater adherence to annual dermatology visits was associated with reduced melanoma-specific mortality compared with lower levels of adherence (adjusted hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.52-0.78). LIMITATIONS Observational study design and inability to identify skin examinations performed by non-dermatologists. CONCLUSION Adherence to annual dermatology visits after melanoma diagnosis was low. Greater adherence may promote better patient survival but warrants confirmation in further research including randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshen Huang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Patrick Fleming
- Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - An-Wen Chan
- Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Win Myint TT, Selak V, Elwood M. The risk of subsequent invasive melanoma after a primary in situ or invasive melanoma in a high incidence country (New Zealand). SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 3:e116. [PMID: 37013115 PMCID: PMC10066759 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with invasive melanoma are at increased risk of developing subsequent invasive melanoma, but the risks for those with primary in situ melanoma are unclear. Objectives To assess and compare the cumulative risk of subsequent invasive melanoma after primary invasive or in situ melanoma. To estimate the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of subsequent invasive melanoma compared to population incidence in both cohorts. Methods Patients with a first diagnosis of melanoma (invasive or in situ) between 2001 and 2017 were identified from the New Zealand national cancer registry, and any subsequent invasive melanoma during follow-up to the end of 2017 identified. Cumulative risk of subsequent invasive melanoma was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis separately for primary invasive and in situ cohorts. Risk of subsequent invasive melanoma was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. SIR was assessed, allowing for age, sex, ethnicity, year of diagnosis and follow up time. Results Among 33 284 primary invasive and 27 978 primary in situ melanoma patients, median follow up time was 5.5 and 5.7 years, respectively. A subsequent invasive melanoma developed in 1777 (5%) of the invasive and 1469 (5%) of the in situ cohort, with the same median interval (2.5 years) from initial to first subsequent lesion in both cohorts. The cumulative incidence of subsequent invasive melanoma at 5 years was similar in the two cohorts (invasive 4.2%, in situ 3.8%); the cumulative incidence increased linearly over time in both cohorts. The risk of subsequent invasive melanoma was marginally higher for primary invasive compared to in situ melanoma after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity and body site of the initial lesion (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21). Compared to population incidence, the SIR of invasive melanoma was 4.6 (95% CI 4.3-4.9) for the primary invasive and 4 (95% CI 3.7-4.2) for the primary in situ melanoma cohorts. Conclusions The risk of subsequent invasive melanoma is similar whether patients present with in situ or invasive melanoma. Thus follow-up surveillance for new lesions should be similar, although patients with invasive melanoma require more surveillance for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thu Win Myint
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Selak
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Mark Elwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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4
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Palacios-Diaz RD, de Unamuno-Bustos B, Abril-Pérez C, Pozuelo-Ruiz M, Sánchez-Arraez J, Torres-Navarro I, Botella-Estrada R. Multiple Primary Melanomas: Retrospective Review in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2355. [PMID: 35566480 PMCID: PMC9105033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple primary melanomas (MPM) refer to the occurrence of more than one synchronous or metachronous melanoma in the same individual. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of MPM and describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of patients with MPM. An observational single-center retrospective study was designed based on a cohort of melanoma patients followed in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty-eight (8.9%) patients developed MPM. Most patients were men (65.5%) and the median age at the time of diagnosis of the first melanoma was 71 years old. The median time of diagnosis of the second melanoma from the first melanoma was 10.9 months, and 77.6% of second melanomas were diagnosed within the first 5 years. In total, 29 (50%) and 28 (48.3%) first and second melanomas were located in the trunk, respectively. Concordance of anatomic site between primary and subsequent melanoma was found in 46.6% of the patients. Proportion of in situ melanomas was increasingly higher in subsequent melanomas (from 36.21% of first melanomas to 100% of fifth melanomas). An increasing rate of melanomas with histological regression was observed within subsequent melanomas (from 60.3% of first melanomas to 80% of third melanomas). Our results support the importance of careful long-term follow-up with total body examination in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo David Palacios-Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
| | - Blanca de Unamuno-Bustos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
| | - Carlos Abril-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
| | - Mónica Pozuelo-Ruiz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Arraez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
| | - Ignacio Torres-Navarro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
| | - Rafael Botella-Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (R.D.P.-D.); (C.A.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (J.S.-A.); (I.T.-N.); (R.B.-E.)
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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5
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Pennington TE, Zhao CY, Colebatch AJ, Fernandez-Peñas P, Guitera P, Burke H, Scolyer RA, Menzies AM, Carlino MS, Lo S, Long GV, Saw RP. Clinicopathological characteristics of new primary melanomas in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for metastatic melanoma. Australas J Dermatol 2022; 63:e133-e137. [PMID: 35188271 PMCID: PMC9303670 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved survival in advanced stage melanoma patients. Rates of new primary melanomas (NPM) in patients with prior melanoma have been reported to be as high as 12%. Little is currently known regarding the frequency or characteristics of NPMs occurring in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. AIM To determine the frequency and describe clinicopathologic characteristics of NPMs diagnosed in patients during or after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Melanoma Institute Australia and Westmead Hospital Dermatology databases. Clinicopathological data for the initial primary melanoma (IPM) and NPM were compared. RESULTS Between 2013-2017, 14 NPMs in 13 patients (out of a total of 1047) treated with checkpoint inhibitors were identified. NPMs were significantly thinner than the IPM (median Breslow thickness 0.35 mm vs 2.0 mm, P = 0.0003), less likely to be ulcerated (0/14 vs 6/13, P = 0.004) and less likely to have nodal metastases (0/14 vs 6/13, P = 0.004). NPMs were significantly more likely to be detected in the in-situ stage (6/14 vs 0/13, P = 0.0016). CONCLUSION NPMs are infrequent in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. When they occur, they are usually detected at an early stage and have features associated with a favourable prognosis, most likely reflecting close surveillance. Further study is required to determine long-term risk in patients achieving a durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, and to determine whether the immunotherapy itself influences both their development and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Pennington
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Andrew J Colebatch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Peñas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pascale Guitera
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel Burke
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Pm Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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6
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Anderson C, Mayer DK, Nichols HB. Trends in the proportion of second or later primaries among all newly diagnosed malignant cancers. Cancer 2021; 127:2736-2742. [PMID: 33823564 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements in cancer survival mean that an increasing number of survivors may live long enough beyond their initial cancer to be diagnosed with additional independent primary cancers. The proportion of newly diagnosed cancers that are second- or higher-order primaries and how this proportion has changed over the past several decades were examined. METHODS Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were used to identify incident malignant primaries diagnosed between 1975 and 2017. Using the SEER sequence number, the authors tabulated the proportion of all cancers in each calendar year that were second- or higher-order primaries. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was then calculated to assess how this proportion has changed over time. RESULTS Analyses included nearly 4.9 million incident cancers diagnosed during 1975-2017. The proportion of all cancers that were second- or higher-order increased steadily from 9.77% during 1975-1984 to 21.03% during 2015-2017, reflecting an AAPC of 2.41% (95% CI, 2.16%-2.65%). In 2015-2017, second- or higher-order cancers were most prevalent among cancers of the bladder (28.79%), followed by lung and bronchus (28.07%), melanoma (27.88%), and leukemia (26.10%). The highest AAPCs over the study period were observed for melanoma (4.05%), leukemia (3.51%), and lung and bronchus (3.36%). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of newly diagnosed cancers that are second- or higher-order has grown rapidly over the past several decades and currently exceeds 20%. Continued monitoring of second and later primaries will be critical for anticipating the future impact on cancer treatment and survivorship care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Deborah K Mayer
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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7
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Ulanja MB, Beutler BD, Antwi-Amoabeng D, Cohen PR, Moody AE, Rahman GA, Djankpa FT, Gullapalli N, Boampong-Konam K, Macaire JK, Bowman AT, Baral S, Bowles DW. Second primary malignancies in patients with melanoma in situ: Insights from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 72:101932. [PMID: 33773145 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma in situ (MIS) is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the United States. Emerging data suggest that MIS is associated with an increased risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM). OBJECTIVES To determine trends in MIS-associated SPMs and identify MIS-specific features that increase SPM risk. METHODS In this retrospective population-based study, we identified 90,075 patients who were diagnosed with MIS between 1973 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The risk of developing an SPM among these individuals was compared to individuals without a diagnosis of MIS. The risk of developing an SPM among patients with a diagnosis of MIS was also increased over time. RESULTS Patients with a diagnosis of MIS had an increased relative risk (RR) of developing an SPM as compared to the general population with an identical age, sex, race, and follow-up period. The RR of a metachronous malignancy in MIS patients also increased over time, as follows: 1.16 (95 % CI: 1.07-1.26), 1.19 (95 % CI: 1.14-1.23), 1.30 (95 % CI: 1.27-1.33), and 1.52 (95 % CI: 1.49-1.56) in 1973-1982, 1983-1992, 1993-2002, and 2003-2015, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a direct correlation between the number of MIS lesions and SPM risk; ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 tumors portended a 1.5-2, 2-3, and 4-5-fold increased risk of developing an SPM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MIS is associated with an increased risk of developing an SPM and therefore individuals with a history of MIS may benefit from close medical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Ulanja
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Bryce D Beutler
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Vallejo, CA, USA; San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA
| | - Alastair E Moody
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ganiyu A Rahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis T Djankpa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Nageshwara Gullapalli
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Jessica K Macaire
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W Bowles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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Helgadottir H, Isaksson K, Fritz I, Ingvar C, Lapins J, Höiom V, Newton-Bishop J, Olsson H. Multiple Primary Melanoma Incidence Trends Over Five Decades: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:318-328. [PMID: 32577730 PMCID: PMC7936055 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades, many regions have experienced a steady increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Here, we report on incidence trends for subsequent primary melanoma. METHODS In this nationwide population-based study, patients diagnosed with a first primary cutaneous melanoma reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry were followed for up to 10 years for a diagnosis of subsequent primary melanoma. Patients were grouped with patients diagnosed with first melanoma in the same decade (1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively). Frequencies, incidence rates (IRs), standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for second melanomas were calculated. All tests of statistical significance were 2-sided. RESULTS Of patients with melanoma, 54 884 were included and 2469 were diagnosed, within 10 years, with subsequent melanomas. Over the 5 decades, there was a statistically significant steady increase in the frequency, IR, and SIR for second primary melanoma. For example, in the 1960s cohort, less than 1% (IR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.7, and IR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.9 per 1000 person-years in women and men, respectively) had second primary melanoma, and this rose to 6.4% (IR = 7.5, 95% CI = 6.8 to 8.3, per 1000 person-years) in the women and 7.9% (IR = 10.3, 95% CI = 9.3 to 11.2, per 1000 person-years) in the men in the 2000s cohort. This rise was seen independent of age, sex, invasiveness, or site of the melanoma. Further, in patients diagnosed with a second melanoma, the frequency of those having more than 2 melanomas increased statistically significantly and was 0.0% in the 1960s and rose to 18.0% in the 2000s (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate and report on a rising trend for subsequent primary melanoma. Additional primary melanomas worsen the patients' survival, and precautions are needed to turn this steep upgoing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolin Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Ildiko Fritz
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Lapins
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Pastor-Tomás N, Martínez-Franco A, Bañuls J, Peñalver JC, Traves V, García-Casado Z, Requena C, Kumar R, Nagore E. Risk factors for the development of a second melanoma in patients with cutaneous melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2295-2302. [PMID: 32163215 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma patients have an increased risk of developing other neoplasms, especially cutaneous neoplasms and other melanomas. Identifying factors associated with an increased risk might be useful in the development of melanoma guidelines. OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors related to the development of a second primary melanoma in a series of patients diagnosed with sporadic melanoma and to establish the estimated incidence rate. METHODS A longitudinal study based on prospective follow-up information of patients diagnosed with sporadic cutaneous melanoma at our centre from 2000 to 2015 was performed. Cumulative incidence was estimated based on competing risk models, and the association of characteristics with the risk of a second melanoma was performed by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Out of 1447 patients included in the study, after a median follow-up of 61 months, 55 patients (3.8%) developed a second melanoma. Fair hair colour, more than 100 common melanocytic nevi and the presence of more than 50 cherry angiomas were independently associated with the development of a second melanoma. The site and the histological subtype of the first and second melanomas were not consistent. The second melanomas were thinner than the first ones. CONCLUSIONS Fair-haired and multiple-nevi patients might benefit from more intensive prevention measures. The finding of cherry angiomas as a risk factor suggests that these lesions could be markers of skin sun damage in the setting of certain degree of genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pastor-Tomás
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Elda, Alicante, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Franco
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain
| | - J Bañuls
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante-ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain.,Departament of Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández. Sant Joan D'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - J C Peñalver
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - V Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - Z García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - C Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Nagore
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, València, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
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10
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El Sharouni MA, Witkamp AJ, Sigurdsson V, van Diest PJ. Comparison of Survival Between Patients With Single vs Multiple Primary Cutaneous Melanomas. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:1049-1056. [PMID: 31241717 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing forms of cancer worldwide. Most studies about survival among patients with melanoma consider only the primary tumor and disregard the potential effect of multiple primary tumors. A better understanding of the prognosis of patients with multiple primary melanoma is important for patient counselling and follow-up strategies. Objective To describe the epidemiologic features of multiple primary melanoma in patients from the Netherlands. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based cohort study included adults with histologically proven, primary, invasive cutaneous melanoma in the Netherlands between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2014, with a median follow-up of 75.1 months, using data from PALGA, the Dutch Nationwide Network and Registry of Histopathology and Cytopathology. Follow-up data were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Statistical analysis was performed from August 1, 2018, to September 3, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures A multivariable Cox model with a time-varying covariate was performed to assess overall survival between patients with a single primary melanoma vs those with multiple primary melanomas. Secondary outcomes included incidence of multiple primary melanoma, differences in Breslow thickness, and time between first and second multiple primary melanoma. Results Of the 56 929 study patients, 31 916 (56.1%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 56.4 (16.2) years. A total of 54 645 single primary melanomas and 4967 multiple primary melanomas in 2284 patients were included. The median Breslow thickness decreased from 0.90 mm (interquartile range, 0.55-1.70 mm) for the first melanoma to 0.65 mm (interquartile range, 0.45-1.10 mm) for the second melanoma (P < .001). For their second melanoma, 370 patients (16.2%) had a higher T stage, 1112 (48.7%) had the same T stage, and 802 (35.1%) had a lower T stage. In addition, 841 of 2284 second melanomas (36.8%) in patients with multiple primary melanomas were found during the first year of follow-up, whereas 624 of 2284 (27.3%) were found after 5 years of follow-up. These proportions did not vary when stratified for melanoma stage. Worse overall survival was seen among patients with multiple primary melanomas compared with patients with a single primary melanoma (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.20-1.42; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance A significant decrease in Breslow thickness between the first and second multiple primary melanoma was found, and overall survival among patients with multiple primary melanomas was significantly worse than that among patients with a single primary melanoma. These findings suggest that more strict follow-up strategies may be warranted for patients with multiple primary melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ann El Sharouni
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Witkamp
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vigfús Sigurdsson
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Swetter SM, Tsao H, Bichakjian CK, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Elder DE, Gershenwald JE, Guild V, Grant-Kels JM, Halpern AC, Johnson TM, Sober AJ, Thompson JA, Wisco OJ, Wyatt S, Hu S, Lamina T. Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 80:208-250. [PMID: 30392755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of primary cutaneous melanoma continues to increase each year. Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths, but treatment is usually curative following early detection of disease. In this American Academy of Dermatology clinical practice guideline, updated treatment recommendations are provided for patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer stages 0-IIC and pathologic stage III by virtue of a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy). Biopsy techniques for a lesion that is clinically suggestive of melanoma are reviewed, as are recommendations for the histopathologic interpretation of cutaneous melanoma. The use of laboratory, molecular, and imaging tests is examined in the initial work-up of patients with newly diagnosed melanoma and for follow-up of asymptomatic patients. With regard to treatment of primary cutaneous melanoma, recommendations for surgical margins and the concepts of staged excision (including Mohs micrographic surgery) and nonsurgical treatments for melanoma in situ, lentigo maligna type (including topical imiquimod and radiation therapy), are updated. The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a staging technique for cutaneous melanoma is described, with recommendations for its use in clinical practice. Finally, current data regarding pregnancy and melanoma, genetic testing for familial melanoma, and management of dermatologic toxicities related to novel targeted agents and immunotherapies for patients with advanced disease are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center and Cancer Institute, Stanford, California; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher K Bichakjian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David E Elder
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy M Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arthur J Sober
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John A Thompson
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver J Wisco
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Shasa Hu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida
| | - Toyin Lamina
- American Academy of Dermatology, Rosemont, Illinois
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12
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Borsari S, Pampena R, Benati E, Bombonato C, Kyrgidis A, Moscarella E, Lallas A, Argenziano G, Pellacani G, Longo C. In vivo
dermoscopic and confocal microscopy multistep algorithm to detect in situ
melanomas. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:163-172. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Borsari
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - R. Pampena
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - E. Benati
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - C. Bombonato
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - A. Kyrgidis
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - E. Moscarella
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - A. Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - G. Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - G. Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - C. Longo
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
- Department of Dermatology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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13
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Adler NR, McLean CA, Wolfe R, Kelly JW, McArthur GA, Haydon A, Tra T, Cummings N, Mar VJ. Concordance of somatic mutational profile in multiple primary melanomas. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:592-603. [PMID: 29603877 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency and concordance of BRAF and NRAS mutation in tumours arising in patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM). Patients with MPM managed at one of three tertiary referral centres in Melbourne, Australia, from 2010 to 2015 were included. Incident and subsequent melanomas underwent mutation testing. Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient assessed agreement between incident and subsequent primary melanomas for both BRAF and NRAS mutation status (mutant versus wild-type). Mutation testing of at least two primary tumours from 64 patients was conducted. There was poor agreement for both BRAF and NRAS mutation status between incident and subsequent melanomas (κ = 0.10, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.42; κ = 0.06, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.57, respectively). In view of the low concordance in BRAF mutation status between incident and subsequent melanomas, mutational analysis of metastatic tissue, rather than of a primary melanoma, in patients with MPM should be used to guide targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Adler
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Divisions of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew Haydon
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Thien Tra
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Nicholas Cummings
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Victoria J Mar
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc., Carlton, Vic., Australia
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14
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Moore MM, Geller AC, Warton EM, Schwalbe J, Asgari MM. Multiple primary melanomas among 16,570 patients with melanoma diagnosed at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1996 to 2011. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:630-6. [PMID: 26298295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published rates of cutaneous multiple primary melanoma (MPM) vary widely. OBJECTIVE We examined incidence of and risk factors associated with MPMs among Kaiser Permanente Northern California members. METHODS We estimated MPM incidence among 16,570 patients with melanoma from 1996 through 2011. We compared characteristics between patients with MPMs and single primary melanomas and estimated crude and adjusted hazard ratios of MPMs using Cox models. RESULTS In all, 15,448 patients had a single melanoma and 1122 had MPMs. Patients with MPMs were older and more often male, non-Hispanic white, and partnered. Subsequent primary melanomas were diagnosed after a mean of 3.83 (SD 3.61, median 2.82) years and were more likely in situ and thinner than initial tumors. The risk of a subsequent melanoma decreased from 2% in the first year after diagnosis to a stable approximately 1% rate through 15 years of follow-up. LIMITATIONS We lacked data on some known melanoma risk factors and had small numbers of non-white patients and certain tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The risk of MPMs, although highest in the first year after diagnosis, remains stable thereafter. Those at highest risk of MPMs are older, male, white, and partnered. Clinicians should be aware of the rate of MPMs and recognize high-risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Moore
- Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Walnut Creek, California.
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E Margaret Warton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Joan Schwalbe
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; Department of Dermatology, The Permanente Medical Group, Walnut Creek, California
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15
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Rees JL. Skin cancer, and some limitations on how we innovate and practice medicine. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:547-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JL Rees
- Dermatology University of Edinburgh Lauriston Building, Lauriston Place Edinburgh EH3 9HA U.K
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16
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Higgins HW, Lee KC, Galan A, Leffell DJ. Melanoma in situ: Part I. Epidemiology, screening, and clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:181-90, quiz 191-2. [PMID: 26183967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased over the past 3 decades, with melanoma in situ comprising a disproportionately high percentage of the rising incidence. Our understanding of melanoma in situ has been shaped by epidemiologic and clinical studies. Central to a review of melanoma in situ is a focus on its epidemiology, pathology, biologic behavior, treatment, and clinical outcome, which may differ significantly from that of malignant melanoma. Part I of this continuing medical education article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of melanoma in situ; part II covers the histopathology, treatment options, and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H William Higgins
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Kachiu C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anjela Galan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David J Leffell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Krajewski AC, Hart DR, Hieken TJ. Multiple primary melanoma in the elderly. Am J Surg 2015; 211:84-8. [PMID: 26303880 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data exist regarding surveillance for multiple primary melanoma (MPM) in elderly patients or whether the incidence and risk factors are the same as for younger patients. Thus, we studied the frequency and characteristics of MPM in the elderly melanoma patients. METHODS From our prospective melanoma registry, we studied 222 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older at their initial melanoma diagnosis. Mean follow-up was 65 ± 3 months. RESULTS Median age was 76 years. Twenty-two patients (10%) developed a second primary melanoma and 8 (4%) of 3 or more primaries. 82% of second primaries (18 of 22) were the same or thinner than the index melanoma, yet 50% of third primary melanomas (4 out of 8) were thicker. Only prior dysplastic nevi (P <. 0001) were a significant risk factor for MPM. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest elderly melanoma patients have a significant risk of MPM that warrants careful surveillance to facilitate prompt detection and treatment. Patients with dysplastic nevi merit special scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Krajewski
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Donna R Hart
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Skokie Hospital, 9600 Gross Point Road, Skokie, IL 60076, USA; Rush University Medical Center, 1653 Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Rush Medical College, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Skokie Hospital, 9600 Gross Point Road, Skokie, IL 60076, USA; Rush University Medical Center, 1653 Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Rush Medical College, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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18
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Zimmer L, Haydu LE, Menzies AM, Scolyer RA, Kefford RF, Thompson JF, Schadendorf D, Long GV. Incidence of New Primary Melanomas After Diagnosis of Stage III and IV Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:816-23. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.49.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose New primary melanomas (NPMs) have developed in some patients with metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF inhibitors. We sought to determine the background incidence of spontaneous NPMs after a diagnosis of American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer stage III or IV melanoma in patients not treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Patients and Methods Patients diagnosed with stage III or IV melanoma at Melanoma Institute Australia between 1983 and 2008 were analyzed, and those who received a BRAF inhibitor were excluded. Results Two hundred twenty-nine (5%) of 4,215 patients with stage III melanoma and 43 (1%) of 3,563 patients with stage IV melanoma had at least one NPM after diagnosis of stage III or IV disease. The 6-month, 1-year, and 10-year cumulative incidence rates of developing an NPM after stage III melanoma were 1.2% (95% CI, 0.86% to 1.51%), 1.8% (95% CI, 1.44% to 2.26%), and 5.9% (95% CI, 5.08% to 6.74%), respectively. The 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year cumulative incidence rates of NPM after diagnosis of stage IV melanoma were 0.2% (95% CI, 0.07% to 0.36%), 0.3% (95% CI, 0.15% to 0.51%), and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.25% to 0.7%), respectively. In both patients with stage III and stage IV melanoma, male patients and patients with a prior history of multiple primaries had a higher incidence of NPM. Conclusion Patients with stage III and stage IV melanoma remain at risk for development of further primary melanomas, particularly if they have a history of multiple primary melanomas before stage III or IV disease. The incidence rates are lower than those reported in patients receiving BRAF inhibitors. However, the results must be compared with caution because dermatologic assessment is more frequent in BRAF inhibitor trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zimmer
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - Lauren E. Haydu
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - Alexander M. Menzies
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - Richard F. Kefford
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - John F. Thompson
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Lisa Zimmer and Dirk Schadendorf, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Lauren E. Haydu, Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, John F. Thompson, and Georgina V. Long, Melanoma Institute Australia; Alexander M. Menzies, Richard A. Scolyer, Richard F. Kefford, and Georgina V. Long, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney; Richard A. Scolyer and John F. Thompson, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Lauren E. Haydu and John F. Thompson, The University of
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19
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20
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van der Leest R, Liu L, Coebergh J, Neumann H, Mooi W, Nijsten T, de Vries E. Risk of second primary
in situ
and invasive melanoma in a Dutch population‐based cohort: 1989–2008. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:1321-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Liu
- Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J.W.W. Coebergh
- Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Cancer Registry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - W.J. Mooi
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - E. de Vries
- Departments of Dermatology
- Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Jung G, Weinstock M. Clinicopathological comparisons of index and second primary melanomas in paediatric and adult populations. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:882-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schopf
- Nasjonalt senter for samhandling og telemedisin, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge, Norway.
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23
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Hwa C, Price LS, Belitskaya-Levy I, Ma MW, Shapiro RL, Berman RS, Kamino H, Darvishian F, Osman I, Stein JA. Single versus multiple primary melanomas: old questions and new answers. Cancer 2012; 118:4184-92. [PMID: 22246969 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM), mean tumor thickness tends to decrease from the first melanoma to the second melanoma, and prognosis may be improved compared with the prognosis for patients who have a single primary melanoma (SPM). In this study, the authors compared the clinicopathologic features of patients with MPM and SPM to better characterize the differences between these 2 groups and to determine whether or not there is an inherent difference in tumor aggression. METHODS In total, 788 patients with melanoma who were enrolled prospectively in the Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group database from 2002 to 2008 were studied. Patients with SPM and with MPM were compared with regard to clinical and primary melanoma characteristics. RESULTS Of 788 patients with melanoma, 61 patients (7.7%) had 2 or more primary melanomas. The incidence of developing a second primary melanoma 1 year and 5 years after initial melanoma diagnosis was 4.1% and 8.7%, respectively, and most of the risk accumulated within the first year. The incidence of MPM was greater in patients aged ≥60 years than in those aged ≤60 years. The absence or presence of mitosis and other tumor characteristics did not differ significantly between patients with SPM and patients with MPM (P = .61). CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed in the presence or absence of mitoses, a marker of tumor proliferation, in SPM and MPM. Because it has been demonstrated that the presence of mitosis is a powerful prognostic marker, the current findings suggested that the tumors behave similarly in patients with SPM and patients with MPM. The authors concluded that differences in tumor thickness and prognosis between SPM and MPM more likely are caused by factors other than tumor biology, such as increased surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hwa
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Bichakjian CK, Halpern AC, Johnson TM, Foote Hood A, Grichnik JM, Swetter SM, Tsao H, Barbosa VH, Chuang TY, Duvic M, Ho VC, Sober AJ, Beutner KR, Bhushan R, Smith Begolka W. Guidelines of care for the management of primary cutaneous melanoma. American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:1032-47. [PMID: 21868127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of primary cutaneous melanoma has been increasing dramatically for several decades. Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths, but treatment is nearly always curative with early detection of disease. In this update of the guidelines of care, we will discuss the treatment of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. We will discuss biopsy techniques of a lesion clinically suspicious for melanoma and offer recommendations for the histopathologic interpretation of cutaneous melanoma. We will offer recommendations for the use of laboratory and imaging tests in the initial workup of patients with newly diagnosed melanoma and for follow-up of asymptomatic patients. With regard to treatment of primary cutaneous melanoma, we will provide recommendations for surgical margins and briefly discuss nonsurgical treatments. Finally, we will discuss the value and limitations of sentinel lymph node biopsy and offer recommendations for its use in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Bichakjian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Health System and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Mocellin S, Nitti D. Cutaneous melanoma in situ: translational evidence from a large population-based study. Oncologist 2011; 16:896-903. [PMID: 21632457 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma in situ (CMIS) is a nosologic entity surrounded by health concerns and unsolved debates. We aimed to shed some light on CMIS by means of a large population-based study. METHODS Patients with histologic diagnosis of CMIS were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) database. RESULTS The records of 93,863 cases of CMIS were available for analysis. CMIS incidence has been steadily increasing over the past 3 decades at a rate higher than any other in situ or invasive tumor, including invasive skin melanoma (annual percentage change [APC]: 9.5% versus 3.6%, respectively). Despite its noninvasive nature, CMIS is treated with excision margins wider than 1 cm in more than one third of cases. CMIS is associated with an increased risk of invasive melanoma (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]: 8.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.66-8.57), with an estimated 3:5 invasive/in situ ratio; surprisingly, it is also associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal (SIR: 0.78, CI: 0.72-0.84) and lung (SIR: 0.65, CI: 0.59-0.71) cancers. Relative survival analysis shows that persons with CMIS have a life expectancy equal to that of the general population. CONCLUSIONS CMIS is increasingly diagnosed and is often overtreated, although it does not affect the life expectancy of its carriers. Patients with CMIS have an increased risk of developing invasive melanoma (which warrants their enrollment in screening programs) but also a reduced risk of some epithelial cancers, which raises the intriguing hypothesis that genetic/environmental risk factors for some tumors may oppose the pathogenesis of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Guther S, Ramrath K, Dyall-Smith D, Landthaler M, Stolz W. Development of a targeted risk-group model for skin cancer screening based on more than 100 000 total skin examinations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:86-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rosendahl C, Cameron A, Bulinska A, Williamson R, Kittler H. Dermatoscopy of a minute melanoma. Australas J Dermatol 2011; 52:76-8. [PMID: 21332701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present a case report of a naevoid lentigo maligna (World Health Organisation level 1 melanoma) on the nose of a 46-year-old man. He was under surveillance because of a past history of two melanomas and developed a new lesion. The visible lesion was 1.6 mm in maximum diameter as measured by the scale on the dermatoscope footplate. The dermatoscopic structures present were limited to dots arranged asymmetrically. We believe that the fact that some of these dots were grey provided a useful clue to the diagnosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff Rosendahl
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Siskind V, Hughes MCB, Palmer JM, Symmons JM, Aitken JF, Martin NG, Hayward NK, Whiteman DC. Nevi, family history, and fair skin increase the risk of second primary melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:461-7. [PMID: 20944647 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although risk factors for primary cutaneous melanoma are well defined, relatively little is known about predictors for second primary melanoma. Given the rising incidence of this cancer, coupled with improvements in survival, there is a prevalent and growing pool of patients at risk of second primary melanomas. To identify the predictors of second primary melanoma, we followed a cohort of 1,083 Queensland patients diagnosed with incident melanoma between 1982 and 1990 and who completed a baseline questionnaire. During a median follow-up of 16.5 years, 221 patients were diagnosed with at least one additional primary melanoma. In multivariate analyses, second primary melanomas were associated with high nevus count (hazard ratio (HR), 2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94-4.35), high familial melanoma risk (HR, 2.12; 95% CI 1.34-3.36), fair skin (HR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.06-2.16), inability to tan (HR, 1.66; 95% CI 1.13-2.43), an in situ first primary melanoma (HR, 1.36; 95% CI 0.99-1.87), and male sex (HR, 1.49; 95% CI 1.12-2.00). Patients whose first primary was lentigo maligna melanoma (HR, 1.80; 95% CI 1.05-3.07) or nodular melanoma (HR, 2.13; 95% CI 1.21-3.74) had higher risks of subsequent primaries than patients whose first primary tumor was superficial spreading melanoma. These characteristics could be assessed in patients presenting with first primary melanoma to evaluate risk of developing a second primary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Siskind
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Teng PP, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Campbell TM, Soyer HP. Dermoscopic presentation of a 2-mm melanoma in situ. Australas J Dermatol 2010; 51:152-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2009.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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