1
|
Wille K, Richard A, Nieters A, Rohrmann S, Quack Lötscher K. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in the umbilical cord blood - Correlation with light and dark maternal skin color. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4201-4208. [PMID: 36514767 PMCID: PMC9731526 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, vitamin D deficiency is associated with negative health consequences for mother and child. Furthermore, dark skin color is associated with lower vitamin D levels. We investigated 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in mothers and in cord blood of their newborns depending on maternal skin color. We recruited 202 mother and child pairs at the University Hospital Zurich and measured 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations in maternal and postpartum umbilical cord blood. Skin type was self-reported based on the Fitzpatrick Scale (type I to V). Uni- and multivariate methods were used to compare the maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D and PTH levels by skin type (light: I-III vs. dark: IV-V). As many as 54.5% of all mothers and 41.1% of the neonates were 25(OH)D deficient. This was higher in the neonates of dark-skinned (55.9%) than in the neonates of light-skinned mothers (38.1%; p = .06). The correlation of 25(OH)D in the maternal with umbilical cord blood was high (light: r = 0.85, dark: r = 0.87), with higher concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D in the umbilical cord than in maternal blood. Regression analysis revealed that country of origin and maternal 25(OH)D concentration were the only statistically significant determinants for umbilical cord blood 25(OH)D. We observed no correlation of maternal with umbilical cord PTH concentrations; median PTH concentrations in the umbilical cord (5.6 pg/ml) were significantly lower than in maternal blood (25.7 pg/ml). The recommendation of vitamin D supplementation in newborns in their first 3 years of life should be particularly emphasized to dark-skinned mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Wille
- Department of ObstetricsUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Aline Richard
- EpidemiologyBiostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- FREEZE‐Biobank, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- EpidemiologyBiostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang XX, Ke BW, Lu W, Wang BH. CO as a therapeutic agent: discovery and delivery forms. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:284-295. [PMID: 32402406 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as one of the three important endogenously produced signaling molecules, termed as "gasotransmitter," has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for treating various inflammation and cellular-stress related diseases. In this review, we discussed CO's evolution from a well-recognized toxic gas to a signaling molecule, and the effort to develop different approaches to deliver it for therapeutic application. We also summarize recently reported chemistry towards different CO delivery forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo-Wen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bing-He Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhimji KM, Naburi H, Aboud S, Manji K. Vitamin D Status and Associated Factors in Neonates in a Resource Constrained Setting. Int J Pediatr 2018; 2018:9614975. [PMID: 30105058 PMCID: PMC6076921 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9614975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is emerging as a serious public health problem globally; however due to lack of resources, vitamin D levels are not routinely measured among neonates. The study was conducted to determine vitamin D levels in neonates and factors associated with the same. A cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted at neonatal ward of a tertiary care hospital. Means and proportions were calculated from summarized data in frequency tables. Chi square test was used to determine association between vitamin D and various associated factors such as sex, infant birth weight, gestation age, parity of the mother, maternal age, and HIV status of the mother. A total of 170 neonates were studied, out of which 80% had vitamin D deficiency. Neonates born to HIV-infected mothers were significantly less likely to have vitamin D deficiency (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06 - 0.77, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis revealed the association to be stronger in terms neonates (p = 0.005). The association was not observed among preterm newborns. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in neonates was observed to be very high and needs more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Murtaza Bhimji
- Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | - Helga Naburi
- Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | - Said Aboud
- Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences. P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Karim Manji
- Departments of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: Improvements in birth outcomes and complications through direct genomic alteration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:113-130. [PMID: 28188842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a time of rapid change, including dramatic shifts in vitamin D metabolism. Circulating concentrations of the active form of vitamin D-1,25(OH)2D skyrocket early in pregnancy to levels that would be toxic to a nonpregnant adult, signaling a decoupling of vitamin D from the classic endocrine calcium metabolic pathway, likely serving an immunomodulatory function in the mother and her developing fetus. In this review, we summarize the unique aspects of vitamin D metabolism and the data surrounding vitamin D requirements during this important period. Both observational and clinical trials are reviewed in the context of vitamin D's health effects during pregnancy that include preeclampsia, preterm birth, and later disease states such as asthma and multiple sclerosis. With enhanced knowledge about vitamin D's role as a preprohormone, it is clear that recommendations about supplementation must mirror what is clinically relevant and evidence-based. Future research that focuses on the critical period(s) leading up to conception and during pregnancy to correct deficiency or maintain optimal vitamin D status remains to be studied. In addition, what effects vitamin D has on genetic signatures that minimize the risk to the mother and her developing fetus have not been elucidated. Clearly, while there is much more research that needs to be performed, our understanding of vitamin D requirements during pregnancy has advanced significantly during the last few decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Hollis
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, 173 Ashley Avenue, MSC 514, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Carol L Wagner
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, 173 Ashley Avenue, MSC 514, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Kotsa K, Fakhoury H, Karras SN. Vitamin D administration during pregnancy as prevention for pregnancy, neonatal and postnatal complications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:307-322. [PMID: 28214921 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a time of rapid bodily change, which includes physical proportions, physiology and responsibility. At this context, maternal vitamin D stores have been the objective of extensive scientific research during the last decades, focusing on their potential effects on maternal an neonatal health. A growing body of observational studies indicated that maternal hypovitaminosis D (as defined by maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/ml or <50 nmol/l) is a significant risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes including asthma, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. On that basis, this review aims to provide to the reader new insights into the vitamin D requirements and function during pregnancy supported by recent data and will not discuss the classical roles of vitamin D and skeletal function during pregnancy. In addition, we will focus on recent results that demonstrate that maternal vitamin D supplementation could reduce neonatal respiratory and neurological complications, suggesting that available guidelines should be updated, since it remains unclear why these recommendations are not updated according to recent results. Also, with regard to randomized controlled trials (RCT's) for vitamin D, we consider that they are largely doomed to fail. The reasons for this are many and specific cases of this failure will be presented in this text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hana Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy. Bone Res 2017; 5:17030. [PMID: 28868163 PMCID: PMC5573964 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a dynamic period with physical and physiological changes in both the mother and her developing fetus. The dramatic 2–3 fold increase in the active hormone 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during the early weeks of pregnancy despite minimal increased calcium demands during that time of gestation and which are sustained throughout pregnancy in both the mother and fetus suggests an immunomodulatory role in preventing fetal rejection by the mother. While there have been numerous observational studies that support the premise of vitamin D's role in maintaining maternal and fetal well-being, until recently, there have been few randomized clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation. One has to exhibit caution, however, even with RCTs, whose results can be problematic when analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis and when there is high non-adherence to protocol (as if often the case), thereby diluting the potential good or harm of a given treatment at higher doses. As such, a biomarker of a drug or in this case “vitamin” or pre-prohormone is better served. For these reasons, the effect of vitamin D therapies using the biomarker circulating 25(OH)D is a far better indicator of true “effect.” When pregnancy outcomes are analyzed using the biomarker 25(OH)D instead of treatment dose, there are notable differences in maternal and fetal outcomes across diverse racial/ethnic groups, with improved health in those women who attain a circulating 25(OH)D concentration of at least 100 nmol·L−1 (40 ng·mL−1). Because an important issue is the timing or initiation of vitamin D treatment/supplementation, and given the potential effect of vitamin D on placental gene expression and its effects on inflammation within the placenta, it appears crucial to start vitamin D treatment before placentation (and trophoblast invasion); however, this question remains unanswered. Additional work is needed to decipher the vitamin D requirements of pregnant women and the optimal timing of supplementation, taking into account a variety of lifestyles, body types, baseline vitamin D status, and maternal and fetal vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) genotypes. Determining the role of vitamin D in nonclassical, immune pathways continues to be a challenge that once answered will substantiate recommendations and public health policies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Influence of In Utero Maternal and Neonate Factors on Cord Blood Leukocyte Telomere Length: Clues to the Racial Disparity in Prostate Cancer? Prostate Cancer 2016; 2016:3691650. [PMID: 28070423 PMCID: PMC5192337 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3691650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Modifiable factors in adulthood that explain the racial disparity in prostate cancer have not been identified. Because racial differences in utero that may account for this disparity are understudied, we investigated the association of maternal and neonate factors with cord blood telomere length, as a cumulative marker of cell proliferation and oxidative damage, by race. Further, we evaluated whether cord blood telomere length differs by race. Methods. We measured venous umbilical cord blood leukocyte relative telomere length by qPCR in 38 black and 38 white full-term male neonates. Using linear regression, we estimated geometric mean relative telomere length and tested for differences by race. Results. Black mothers were younger and had higher parity and black neonates had lower birth and placental weights. These factors were not associated with relative telomere length, even after adjusting for or stratifying by race. Relative telomere length in black (2.72) and white (2.73) neonates did not differ, even after adjusting for maternal or neonate factors (all p > 0.9). Conclusions. Maternal and neonate factors were not associated with cord blood telomere length, and telomere length did not differ by race. These findings suggest that telomere length at birth does not explain the prostate cancer racial disparity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Seto TL, Tabangin ME, Langdon G, Mangeot C, Dawodu A, Steinhoff M, Narendran V. Racial disparities in cord blood vitamin D levels and its association with small-for-gestational-age infants. J Perinatol 2016; 36:623-8. [PMID: 27101387 PMCID: PMC4973215 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of race and maternal characteristics and their association with cord blood vitamin D levels and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status. STUDY DESIGN Cord blood vitamin D levels were measured in 438 infants (276 black and 162 white). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between maternal characteristics, vitamin D status and SGA. RESULTS Black race, Medicaid status, mean body mass index at delivery and lack of prenatal vitamin use were associated with vitamin D deficiency. Black infants had 3.6 greater adjusted odds (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4, 5.6) of vitamin D deficiency when compared with white infants. Black infants with vitamin D deficiency had 2.4 greater adjusted odds (95% CI: 1.0, 5.8) of SGA. Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with SGA in white infants. CONCLUSION Identification of risk factors (black race, Medicaid status, obesity and lack of prenatal vitamin use) can lead to opportunities for targeted prenatal vitamin supplementation to reduce the risk of neonatal vitamin D deficiency and SGA status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T L Seto
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M E Tabangin
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - G Langdon
- Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - C Mangeot
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Dawodu
- Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Steinhoff
- Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - V Narendran
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou CK, Sutcliffe S, Welsh J, Mackinnon K, Kuh D, Hardy R, Cook MB. Is birthweight associated with total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer risks? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:839-48. [PMID: 26930450 PMCID: PMC4955914 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesised that intrauterine exposures are important for subsequent prostate cancer risk. Prior epidemiological studies have used birthweight as a proxy of cumulative intrauterine exposures to test this hypothesis, but results have been inconsistent partly because of limited statistical power. Methods: We investigated birthweight in relation to prostate cancer in the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) using Cox proportional hazards models. We then conducted a meta-analysis of birthweight in relation to total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer risks, combining results from the NSHD analysis with 13 additional studies on this relationship identified from a systematic search in four major scientific literature databases through January 2015. Results: Random-effects models found that per kg increase in birthweight was positively associated with total (OR=1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.00, 1.05; I2=13%) and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer (OR=1.08, 95% CI=0.99, 1.19; I2=40%). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with birthweight extracted from medical records demonstrated stronger positive associations with total (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.03, 1.19; I2=0%) and aggressive/lethal (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09, 1.74; I2=0%) prostate cancer. These studies heavily overlapped with those based in Nordic countries. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that heavier birthweight may be associated with modest increased risks of total and aggressive/lethal prostate cancer, which supports the hypothesis that intrauterine exposures may be related to subsequent prostate cancer risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Division of Public Health Sciences and the Siteman Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Judith Welsh
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Mackinnon
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, NIH, DHHS, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9774, Bethesda, MD 20892-9774, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dharashivkar S, Wasser L, Baumgartner RN, King JC, Winters SJ. Obesity, maternal smoking and SHBG in neonates. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:47. [PMID: 27462374 PMCID: PMC4960749 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes that transports testosterone and other steroids in plasma, is a marker for developing metabolic syndrome and T2DM. SHBG is present in umbilical cord blood where it may be epigenetically regulated. This study was conducted to investigate whether the fetal environment, based on maternal pre-pregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain or smoking during pregnancy, influence SHBG in newborns. METHODS Maternal and newborn characteristics and SHBG levels and other variables were measured in cord and day 2 heel-stick blood samples in 60 healthy full-term singleton babies (31 F, 29 M). RESULTS SHBG levels varied nearly fivefold among male and female newborns and were unrelated to sex, neonatal adiposity, determined by the Ponderal index and skinfold thickness, nor TNF∝ in cord blood. There were also no statistically significant associations between pre-pregnancy weight or pregnancy weight gain and newborn SHBG levels. However, cord blood SHBG was higher and insulin levels were lower when mothers were smokers, but normalized by day 2. DISCUSSION While SHBG levels are low in obese children and adults, and portend the development of metabolic syndrome and T2DM, our study of healthy babies born to normal women, found no connection between maternal obesity or newborn adiposity and SHBG levels in newborns. Insofar as women who smoked during pregnancy were thinner and had lower cord blood insulin levels than nonsmokers, higher SHBG in their newborns at birth might have been due to insulin sensitivity, or perhaps to an effect of smoking on placental gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Factors other than maternal weight and pregnancy weight gain appear to be the major determinants of SHBG in newborns. Higher SHBG levels when mothers smoke during pregnancy may contribute to overweight beginning later in childhood. Whether newborn SHBG levels predict the development of overweight and metabolic syndrome remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Dharashivkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, ACB-A3G11, 550 Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Lawrence Wasser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Richard N. Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. King
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Stephen J. Winters
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Louisville, ACB-A3G11, 550 Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Franchi B, Piazza M, Sandri M, Tenero L, Comberiati P, Boner AL, Capristo C. 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum level in children of different ethnicity living in Italy. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:749-57. [PMID: 25398616 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several factors including ethnicity are known to influence 25(OH)D levels. The purpose of our study was to assess 25(OH)D levels among 1374 pediatric subjects of different ethnicity and to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among different ethnic groups. The prevalence of 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/ml was 44.2, 65.2, 69.2, 54.0, and 44.8 % among Caucasians, Africans, North Africans, Indians, and others, respectively (P < 0.001). The median of 25(OH)D was 21.0 ng/ml (IQR = 14.0-29.6 ng/ml) for the cohort. Season of blood sampling, age, ethnicity, gestational age, birth weight, and z-score BMI were associated with 25(OH)D levels. Caucasians had higher median 25(OH)D levels than sub-Saharan Africans (P < 0.001), North Africans (P < 0.001), and Indians (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the median 25(OH)D levels between ethnic groups among infants, whereas for children older than 1 year we found significant differences in 25(OH)D levels in the different ethnic groups, compared to Caucasians. CONCLUSION Ethnicity was correlated with 25(OH)D levels among children older than 1 year. We found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency after the first year of life, and this was more remarkable in non-Caucasian children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Franchi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Pediatrics Section, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, 37134, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Við Streym S, Kristine Moller U, Rejnmark L, Heickendorff L, Mosekilde L, Vestergaard P. Maternal and infant vitamin D status during the first 9 months of infant life-a cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1022-8. [PMID: 24002039 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status and possible consequences of low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in a population of healthy mothers and their infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 107 women aged 24-41 years gave birth to 108 infants. They were followed up three times during 9 months. RESULTS Cord blood 25OHD level (43.3 ± 20.4 nmol/l) on average was 62 ± 16% of maternal levels (73.3 ± 30.7 nmol/l), measured 1-2 weeks postpartum. Cord blood 25OHD correlated positively with maternal 25OHD levels (r=0.83, P<0.001). At birth, 23% of mothers and 61% of infants had 25OHD <50 nmol/l. Vitamin D deficiency (25OHD<25 nmol/l) was present in 66% of the children born by mothers with 25OHD levels below 50 nmol/l (P<0.01), whereas only one child was born with deficiency among mothers with 25OHD >50 nmol/l. During follow-up, most of the children (>85%) had 25OHD levels >50 nmol/l, which most likely was attributable to the use of supplements, as more than 95% of the children were given daily vitamin D supplements of 10 μg of vitamin D.Cord blood parathyroid hormone levels were very low (median 0.21; interquartile range 0.11-0.33 pmol/l), with increasing levels (P<0.01) reaching 3.08 (2.67-3.92 pmol/l) at the last visit. Vitamin D levels were not associated with anthropometric indices of the newborn infant or their growth during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in newborn. Maternal 25OHD levels above 50 nmol/l are needed to prevent vitamin D deficiency among newborn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Við Streym
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|