1
|
Herre C, Nshdejan A, Klopfleisch R, Corte GM, Bahramsoltani M. Knockdown of TPI in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and its impact on angiogenesis in vitro. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294933. [PMID: 38117832 PMCID: PMC10732452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiogenic behaviour has been shown as highly versatile among Endothelial cells (ECs) causing problems of in vitro assays of angiogenesis considering their reproducibility. It is indispensable to investigate influencing factors of the angiogenic potency of ECs. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to analyse the impact of knocking down triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) on in vitro angiogenesis and simultaneously on vimentin (VIM) and adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type 2 (MAT2A) expression. Furthermore, native expression profiles of TPI, VIM and MAT2A in the course of angiogenesis in vitro were examined. METHODS Two batches of human dermal microvascular ECs were cultivated over 50 days and stimulated to undergo angiogenesis. A shRNA-mediated knockdown of TPI was performed. During cultivation, time-dependant morphological changes were detected and applied for EC-staging as prerequisite for quantifying in vitro angiogenesis. Additionally, mRNA and protein levels of all proteins were monitored. RESULTS Opposed to native cells, knockdown cells were not able to enter late stages of angiogenesis and primarily displayed a downregulation of VIM and an uprise in MAT2A expression. Native cells increased their TPI expression and decreased their VIM expression during the course of angiogenesis in vitro. For MAT2A, highest expression was observed to be in the beginning and at the end of angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Knocking down TPI provoked expressional changes in VIM and MAT2A and a deceleration of in vitro angiogenesis, indicating that TPI represents an angiogenic protein. Native expression profiles lead to the assumption of VIM being predominantly relevant in beginning stages, MAT2A in beginning and late stages and TPI during the whole course of angiogenesis in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Herre
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arpenik Nshdejan
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuliano Mario Corte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahtab Bahramsoltani
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Copper-olsalazine metal-organic frameworks as a nanocatalyst and epigenetic modulator for efficient inhibition of colorectal cancer growth and metastasis. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:495-506. [PMID: 36087871 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive explorations of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) in drug delivery, the intrinsic bioactivity of nanoMOFs, such as anticancer activity, is severely underestimated owing to the overlooked integration of the hierarchical components including nanosized MOFs and molecular-level organic ligands and metal-organic complexes. Herein, we propose a de novo design of multifunctional bioactive nanoMOFs ranging from molecular to nanoscale level, and demonstrate this proof-of-concept by a copper-olsalazine (Olsa, a clinically approved drug for inflammatory bowel disease, here as a bioactive linker and DNA hypomethylating agent) nanoMOF displaying a multifaceted anticancer mechanism: (1) Cu-Olsa nanoMOF-mediated redox dyshomeostasis for enhanced catalytic tumor therapy, (2) targeting downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by the organic complex of Cu2+ and Olsa, and (3) Olsa-mediated epigenetic regulation. Cu-Olsa nanoMOF displayed an enzyme-like catalytic activity to generate cancericidal species ·OH and 1O2 from rich H2O2 in tumors, improved the expression of tumor suppressors TIMP3 and AXIN2 by epigenetic modulation, and fulfilled selective inhibition of colorectal cancer cells over normal cells. The hyaluronic acid-modified nanoMOF further verified the efficient suppression of CT26 colorectal tumor growth and metastasis in murine models. Overall, these results suggest that Olsa-based MOF presents a platform of epigenetic therapy-synergized nanomedicine for efficient cancer treatment and provides a powerful strategy for the design of intrinsically bioactive nanoMOFs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with intrinsic bioactivities such as anticancer and antibacterial activity are of great interest. Herein, we reported a bioactive copper-olsalazine (Cu-Olsa) nanoMOF as a nanodrug for colorectal cancer treatment. This nanoMOF per se displayed enzyme-like catalytic activity to generate cancericidal species ·OH and 1O2 from rich H2O2 in tumors for nanocatalytic tumor therapy. Upon dissociation into small molecular copper-organic complex and olsalazine in cancer cells, COX-2 inhibition and epigenetic modulation were fulfilled for selective inhibition of colorectal cancer growth and metastasis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Herre C, Nshdejan A, Klopfleisch R, Corte GM, Bahramsoltani M. Expression of vimentin, TPI and MAT2A in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells during angiogenesis in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266774. [PMID: 35482724 PMCID: PMC9049311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
In vitro assays of angiogenesis face immense problems considering their reproducibility based on the inhomogeneous characters of endothelial cells (ECs). It is necessary to detect influencing factors, which affect the angiogenic potency of ECs.
Objective
This study aimed to analyse expression profiles of vimentin (VIM), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type–2 (MAT2A) during the whole angiogenic cascade in vitro. Furthermore, the impact of knocking down vimentin (VIM) on angiogenesis in vitro was evaluated, while monitoring TPI and MAT2A expression.
Methods
A long–term cultivation and angiogenic stimulation of human dermal microvascular ECs was performed. Cells were characterized via VEGFR–1 and VEGFR–2 expression and a shRNA–mediated knockdown of VIM was performed. The process of angiogenesis in vitro was quantified via morphological staging and mRNA–and protein–levels of all proteins were analysed.
Results
While native cells ran through the angiogenic cascade chronologically, knockdown cells only entered beginning stages of angiogenesis and died eventually. Cell cultures showing a higher VEGFR–1 expression survived exclusively and displayed an upregulation of MAT2A and TPI expression. Native cells highly expressed VIM in early stages, MAT2A mainly in the beginning and TPI during the course of angiogenesis in vitro.
Conclusion
VIM knockdown led to a deceleration of angiogenesis in vitro and knockdown cells displayed expressional changes in TPI and MAT2A. Cell populations with a higher number of stalk cells emerged as being more stable against manipulations and native expression profiles provided an indication of VIM and MAT2A being relevant predominantly in beginning stages and TPI during the whole angiogenic cascade in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Herre
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Arpenik Nshdejan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuliano Mario Corte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahtab Bahramsoltani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maimaiti A, Aili Y, Turhon M, Kadeer K, Aikelamu P, Wang Z, Niu W, Aisha M, Kasimu M, Wang Y, Wang Z. Modification Patterns of DNA Methylation-Related lncRNAs Regulating Genomic Instability for Improving the Clinical Outcomes and Tumour Microenvironment Characterisation of Lower-Grade Gliomas. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:844973. [PMID: 35359593 PMCID: PMC8960387 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.844973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that affects genomic instability and regulates gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate gene expression by interacting with chromosomal modifications or remodelling factors. It is urgently needed to evaluate the effects of DNA methylation-related lncRNAs (DMlncRNAs) on genome instability and further investigate the mechanism of action of DMlncRNAs in mediating the progression of lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and their impact on the immune microenvironment.Methods: LGG transcriptome data, somatic mutation profiles and clinical features analysed in the present study were obtained from the CGGA, GEO and TCGA databases. Univariate, multivariate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were performed to establish a DMlncRNA signature. The KEGG and GO analyses were performed to screen for pathways and biological functions associated with key genes. The ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were used to determine the level of immune cells in LGGs and the immune microenvironment fraction. In addition, DMlncRNAs were assessed using survival analysis, ROC curves, correlation analysis, external validation, independent prognostic analysis, clinical stratification analysis and qRT-PCR.Results: We identified five DMlncRNAs with prognostic value for LGGs and established a prognostic signature using them. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed 10-years survival rate of 10.10% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.27–31.40%] in high-risk patients and 57.28% (95% CI: 43.17–76.00%) in low-risk patients. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of risk scores were 1.013 and 1.009–1.017 (p < 0.001), respectively, based on the univariate Cox regression analysis and 1.009 and 1.004–1.013 (p < 0.001), respectively, based on the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Therefore, the five-lncRNAs were identified as independent prognostic markers for patients with LGGs. Furthermore, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that these lncRNAs are involved in the prognosis and tumorigenesis of LGGs by regulating cancer pathways and DNA methylation.Conclusion: The findings of the study provide key information regarding the functions of lncRNAs in DNA methylation and reveal that DNA methylation can regulate tumour progression through modulation of the immune microenvironment and genomic instability. The identified prognostic lncRNAs have high potential for clinical grouping of patients with LGGs to ensure effective treatment and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aierpati Maimaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yirizhati Aili
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mirzat Turhon
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaheerman Kadeer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Paziliya Aikelamu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Weiwei Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Maimaitili Aisha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Maimaitijiang Kasimu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxin Wang, ; Zengliang Wang,
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxin Wang, ; Zengliang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei Q, Qian Y, Yu J, Wong CC. Metabolic rewiring in the promotion of cancer metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 39:6139-6156. [PMID: 32839493 PMCID: PMC7515827 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major cause of mortality from cancer. Metabolic rewiring and the metastatic cascade are highly intertwined, co-operating to promote multiple steps of cancer metastasis. Metabolites generated by cancer cells influence the metastatic cascade, encompassing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival of cancer cells in circulation, and metastatic colonization at distant sites. A variety of molecular mechanisms underlie the prometastatic effect of tumor-derived metabolites, such as epigenetic deregulation, induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promotion of cancer stemness, and alleviation of oxidative stress. Conversely, metastatic signaling regulates expression and activity of rate-limiting metabolic enzymes to generate prometastatic metabolites thereby reinforcing the metastasis cascade. Understanding the complex interplay between metabolism and metastasis could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention could lead to improvements in the treatment of cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries involving metabolism and tumor metastasis, and emphasized the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these aberrant situations in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyao Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu F, Liu J, Na L, Chen L. Roles of Epigenetic Modifications in the Differentiation and Function of Pancreatic β-Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:748. [PMID: 32984307 PMCID: PMC7484512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a metabolic disease with multiple causes characterized by high blood sugar, has become a public health problem. Hyperglycaemia is caused by deficiencies in insulin secretion, impairment of insulin function, or both. The insulin secreted by pancreatic β cells is the only hormone in the body that lowers blood glucose levels and plays vital roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Therefore, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic β cell differentiation and function is necessary to elucidate the processes involved in the onset of diabetes. Although numerous studies have shown that transcriptional regulation is essential for the differentiation and function of pancreatic β cells, increasing evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms participate in controlling the fate and regulation of these cells. Epigenetics involves heritable alterations in gene expression caused by DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA activity that does not result in DNA nucleotide sequence alterations. Recent research has revealed that a variety of epigenetic modifications play an important role in the development of diabetes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation affects β cell differentiation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Chen
- Department of Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Epigenetical Targeting of the FOXP3 Gene by S-Adenosylmethionine Diminishes the Suppressive Capacity of Regulatory T Cells Ex Vivo and Alters the Expression Profiles. J Immunother 2020; 42:11-22. [PMID: 30407230 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), a subgroup of CD4 lymphocytes, play a crucial role in serving as an immune suppressor and in maintaining peripheral tolerance. As the accumulation of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment is significantly associated with a decreased survival time of patients, they are considered as an important therapeutic target in the immunotherapy of human cancers. These cells are either derived from the thymus, which are called (CD4CD25CD127) natural Treg cells (nTreg cells), or they are generated from CD4CD25 naive T cells by transforming growth factor-beta 1 and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the periphery, which are called induced Treg cells (iTreg cells). Although iTreg cells are unstable, nTreg cells stably express forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) protein. Moreover, nTreg cells can be classified as memory (CD45RA) and naive (CD45RA) Treg cells, and this classification is based on the expression of CD45RA. FOXP3, which is a master regulator transcription factor, is essential for the functions of Treg cells, and it is mainly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway is also reported to contribute to the regulatory functions of tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. As a new approach, we investigated whether S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a substrate of DNA methyltransferase, attenuates the immune-suppressive capacity of the naive subtype of nTreg cells (CD4CD25CD127CD45RA). Moreover, we examined the effects of PGE2/COX2 pathway blockers on the suppressive capacity of Treg cells. We found that SAM diminished the suppression competency of Treg cells by decreasing the FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. SAM increased the DNA methylation of FOXP3 at the first intron site. In addition, SAM decreased the mRNA and protein levels of the IL-10 cytokine, which has suppressive roles in the immune system. Moreover, mRNA levels of interferon gamma (IFNG) were found to be increased. COX2 inhibition and blockage of PGE2 receptors also reduced the protein and mRNA levels of IL-10, but they did not exhibit any significant effect on Treg cells' suppression in the coculture system. Our results show that SAM might be considered and investigated as a promising agent for immunotherapy in the future.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fenretinide reduces angiogenesis by downregulating CDH5, FOXM1 and eNOS genes and suppressing microRNA-10b. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1649-1658. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Xing XQ, Li B, Xu SL, Zhang CF, Liu J, Deng YS, Yang J. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via demethylation of the PTEN promoter. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:227-234. [PMID: 31085236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
10
|
Pérez-Cárdenas E, Taja-Chayeb L, Trejo-Becerril C, Chanona-Vilchis J, Chávez-Blanco A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Langley E, García-Carrancá A, Dueñas-González A. Antimetastatic effect of epigenetic drugs, hydralazine and valproic acid, in Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8823-8833. [PMID: 30584338 PMCID: PMC6290866 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s187306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metastasis involves the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to activation of prometastatic genes and inactivation of antimetastatic genes. Among epigenetic alterations, DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation are the focus of intense translational research because their pharmacological inhibition has been shown to produce antineoplastic activity in a variety of experimental models. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the antimetastatic effect of the DNA-methylation inhibitor, hydralazine, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid. Methods NIH 3T3-Ras murine cells were treated with hydralazine and valproic acid to evaluate their effects upon cell proliferation, cell motility, chemotaxis, gelatinase activity, and gene expression. Lung metastases were developed by intravenous injection of NIH 3T3-Ras cells in BALB/c nu/nu mice and then treated with the drug combination. Results Treatment induced a growth-inhibitory effect on NIH 3T3-Ras cells, showed a trend toward increased gelatinase activity of MMP2 and MMP9, and inhibited chemotaxis and cell motility. The combination led to a strong antimetastatic effect in lungs of nude mice. Conclusion Hydralazine and valproic acid, two repositioned drugs as epigenetic agents, exhibit antimetastatic effects in vitro and in vivo and hold potential for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Taja-Chayeb
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Chanona-Vilchis
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Chávez-Blanco
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Langley
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, .,Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico,
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, .,Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thakur C, Chen B, Li L, Zhang Q, Yang ZQ, Chen F. Loss of mdig expression enhances DNA and histone methylation and metastasis of aggressive breast cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:25. [PMID: 30254753 PMCID: PMC6147911 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that expression of an environmentally induced gene, mineral dust-induced gene (mdig), predicts overall survival in breast cancer patients. In the present report, we further demonstrate the differential roles of mdig between earlier- and later-stage breast cancers. In noncancerous breast, mdig is a proliferation factor for cell growth and cell motility. In breast cancer, however, higher levels of mdig negatively regulate the migration and invasion of cancer cells. Assessment of global DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and H3K9me3 heterochromatin signature suggests that silencing mdig enhances DNA and histone methylation. Through immunostaining and data mining, we found that mdig is significantly upregulated in noninvasive and/or earlier-stage breast cancers. In contrast, in triple-negative and other invasive breast cancers, diminished mdig expression was noted, indicating that the loss of mdig expression could be an important feature of aggressive breast cancers. Taken together, our data suggest that mdig is a new biomarker that likely promotes tumor growth in the early stages of breast cancer while acting as a tumor suppressor to inhibit invasion and metastasis in later-stage tumors. Differential expression of an environmentally-induced gene appears to influence the growth of breast cancer tumors, thus providing a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target. Environmental factors can influence cancerous tumor development by interfering with epigenetic processes such as DNA and histone methylation. For example, the mineral dust induced gene (mdig) is over-expressed in coal miners who are susceptible to lung cancer. Now, Fei Chen, a pioneer in toxicology and carcinogenesis research at the Wayne State University in Detroit, USA, and his team have demonstrated that mdig also plays important roles in breast cancer. The gene is upregulated in early, non-invasive tumors, where it regulates cell growth, motility and invasion by influencing DNA and histone methylation. However, mdig expression drops in later stage or more aggressive tumor types. When the researchers abrogated mdig expression completely, they observed an enhanced DNA and histone methylation, suggesting the gene has a demethylase role and is implicated in regulating the epigenetic landscape under neoplastic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Thakur
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Bailing Chen
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,Synthesis Medchem Corp, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215025 China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.,3City of Hope Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- 4Department of Oncology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Fei Chen
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Methylation Status of the Epigenome: Its Emerging Role in the Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth, and Potential for Drug Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080268. [PMID: 30103412 PMCID: PMC6115976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50 years ago, Judah Folkman raised the concept of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis for treating solid tumors. The development of anti-angiogenic drugs would decrease or even arrest tumor growth by restricting the delivery of oxygen and nutrient supplies, while at the same time display minimal toxic side effects to healthy tissues. Bevacizumab (Avastin)—a humanized monoclonal anti VEGF-A antibody—is now used as anti-angiogenic drug in several forms of cancers, yet with variable results. Recent years brought significant progresses in our understanding of the role of chromatin remodeling and epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Many inhibitors of DNA methylation as well as of histone methylation, have been successfully tested in preclinical studies and some are currently undergoing evaluation in phase I, II or III clinical trials, either as cytostatic molecules—reducing the proliferation of cancerous cells—or as tumor angiogenesis inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the methylation status of the vascular epigenome, based on the genomic DNA methylation patterns with DNA methylation being mainly transcriptionally repressive, and lysine/arginine histone post-translational modifications which either promote or repress the chromatin transcriptional state. Finally, we discuss the potential use of “epidrugs” in efficient control of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ricciuti B, Foglietta J, Bianconi V, Sahebkar A, Pirro M. Enzymes involved in tumor-driven angiogenesis: A valuable target for anticancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 56:87-99. [PMID: 29128510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and is required for tissue invasion and metastasis. Starting with Folkman's initial observations in 1971, basic research continued to shed new molecular insight into this multifaceted process, leading to the development of several anti-angiogenic drugs. To date, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab and ramucirumab, and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib, sunitinib, regorafenib and axitinib) have had a profound impact on the way we treat patients with advanced cancer, providing in some cases unprecedented clinical benefit. The molecular mechanisms underlying tumor-driven angiogenesis have been explored extensively and have unveiled a number of potential clinically relevant targets, including several novel enzymes. In this review, we summarized the current strategies to target tumor-driven angiogenesis through the inhibition of relevant and selected classes of enzymes involved in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Ricciuti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jennifer Foglietta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi n. 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Berndsen RH, Abdul UK, Weiss A, Zoetemelk M, te Winkel MT, Dyson PJ, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Epigenetic approach for angiostatic therapy: promising combinations for cancer treatment. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:245-267. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Luo X, Yang L, Xiao L, Xia X, Dong X, Zhong J, Liu Y, Li N, Chen L, Li H, Li W, Liu W, Yu X, Chen H, Tang M, Weng X, Yi W, Bode A, Dong Z, Liu J, Cao Y. Grifolin directly targets ERK1/2 to epigenetically suppress cancer cell metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42704-16. [PMID: 26516701 PMCID: PMC4767464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifolin, a secondary metabolite isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom Albatrellus confluens, has been reported by us and others to display potent antitumor effects. However, the molecular target of grifolin has not been identified and the underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we report that the ERK1/2 protein kinases are direct molecular targets of grifolin. Molecular modeling, affinity chromatography and fluorescence quenching analyses showed that grifolin directly binds to ERK1/2. And in vitro and ex vivo kinase assay data further demonstrated that grifolin inhibited the kinase activities of ERK1/2. We found that grifolin suppressed adhesion, migration and invasion of high-metastatic cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of grifolin against tumor metastasis was further confirmed in a metastatic mouse model. We found that grifolin decreased phosphorylation of Elk1 at Ser383, and the protein as well as the mRNA level of DNMT1 was also down-regulated. By luciferase reporter and ChIP assay analyses, we confirmed that grifolin inhibited the transcription activity of Elk1 as well as its binding to the dnmt1 promoter region. Moreover, we report that significant increases in the mRNA levels of Timp2 and pten were induced by grifolin. Thus, our data suggest that grifolin exerts its anti-tumor activity by epigenetic reactivation of metastasis inhibitory-related genes through ERK1/2-Elk1-DNMT1 signaling. Grifolin may represent a promising therapeutic lead compound for intervention of cancer metastasis, and it may also be useful as an ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor as well as an epigenetic agent to further our understanding of DNMT1 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Dong
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Juanfang Zhong
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Namei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Hongde Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Min Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Xinxian Weng
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wei Yi
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ann Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Jikai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, PR China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China.,Molecular Imaging Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schmidt T, Leha A, Salinas-Riester G. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with S-adenosylmethionine leads to genome-wide alterations in transcription profiles. Gene 2016; 595:161-167. [PMID: 27688072 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypomethylation of DNA may support tumor progression; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship is not clear. Several studies have demonstrated that the in vitro application of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) leads to promoter remethylation and the downregulation of proto-oncogene expression in cancer cells. It is not clear if this represents a general mechanism of SAM or is limited to selected genes. We examined this problem using new bisulfite sequencing and transcriptomic technologies. Treatment with SAM caused the downregulation of proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. RNA sequencing revealed the genome-wide downregulation of genes involved in proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Real-time PCR of a subset of the genes confirmed these results. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) displayed only minor differential methylation between treated cells and controls. In summary, we confirmed the anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects of SAM. Additionally, we observed anti-migratory effects and downregulation of genes, especially those related to cancerogenesis. For some of the related genes, this is the first reported evidence of an association with prostate cancer. However, genome-wide modifications in methylation profiles were not observed by RRBS; thus, they are obviously not a major cause of alteration in transcription profiles and anti-cancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58448 Witten, Germany.
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that there is a hierarchy of cellular differentiation within cancers and that the bulk population of tumor cells is derived from a relatively small population of multi-potent neoplastic stem-like cells (CSCs). This tumor-initiating cell population plays an important role in maintaining tumor growth through their unlimited self-renewal, therapeutic resistance, and capacity to propagate tumors through asymmetric cell division. Recent findings from multiple laboratories show that cancer progenitor cells have the capacity to de-differentiate and acquire a stem-like phenotype in response to either genetic manipulation or environmental cues. These findings suggest that CSCs and relatively differentiated progenitors coexist in dynamic equilibrium and are subject to bidirectional conversion. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts regarding the stem-like phenotype, its acquisition by cancer progenitor cells, and the molecular mechanisms involved. Understanding the dynamic equilibrium between CSCs and cancer progenitor cells is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that focus on depleting tumors of their tumor-propagating cell population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunqing Li
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shiva Shankar TV, Willems L. Epigenetic modulators mitigate angiogenesis through a complex transcriptomic network. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 60:57-66. [PMID: 24445350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the knowledge pertaining to the role of epigenetics in the regulation of angiogenesis. In particular, we show that lysine acetylation and cytosine methylation are important transcriptional regulators of angiogenic genes in endothelial cells. Lysine acetylation and cytosine methylation inhibitors idiosyncratically tune the transcriptome and affect expression of key modulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF and eNOS. Transcriptomic profiling also reveals a series of novel genes that are concomitantly affected by epigenetic modulators. The reversibility and overall tolerability of currently available epigenetic inhibitors open up the prospect of therapeutic intervention in pathologies where angiogenesis is exacerbated. This type of multitargeted strategy has the major advantage of overcoming the compensatory feedback mechanisms that characterize single anti-angiogenic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Shiva Shankar
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - L Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics (GIGA-Cancer) and Molecular Biology (GxABT), University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jang H, Lee J, Min DH. Graphene oxide for fluorescence-mediated enzymatic activity assays. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2452-2460. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Aberrant DNA methylation in human cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:798-804. [PMID: 24337838 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, one of the best-characterized epigenetic modifications, plays essential roles in diseases, including human cancers. In recent years, our understanding on DNA methylation with human cancers has made significant progress, which was facilitated by stunning development in the analysis of the human methylome of multiple cancer types. In this review, recent developments in the characterization of aberrant DNA methylation involved in human cancers development were discussed with special emphasis on the mechanisms of aberrant DNA methylation in human cancers. We also summarize the recent treatment strategy for human cancers with de-methylation drugs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sahin M, Sahin E, Koksoy S. Regulatory T cells in cancer: an overview and perspectives on cyclooxygenase-2 and Foxp3 DNA methylation. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1061-8. [PMID: 23756166 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics has been gaining great attention as a therapeutic target in cancer. The cancer genome usually contains both hyper- and hypo-methylated genes to increase invasion, proliferation and metastasis. These cells not only operate their own growth, but also develop various strategies to escape from immune surveillance, and for this aim, regulatory T (Treg) cells support the cancer-mediated immune suppression. The fate of Treg cells is mainly controlled by DNA methylation within the promoter and intronic regions of Foxp3 gene. Foxp3 transcription factor is involved in the development, differentiation and function of Treg cells. COX-2 is also an epigenetically controlled gene in these processes. This enzyme and its product PGE2 plays essential roles in Treg functionality in cancer. Here, we discuss the effects of DNA methylation on cancer and nTreg cells. We also summarize the mechanisms related with COX-2/PGE2 and Foxp3 on inhibitory function of Treg cells in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Li W, Wu P, Zhang H, Cai C. Signal Amplification of Graphene Oxide Combining with Restriction Endonuclease for Site-Specific Determination of DNA Methylation and Assay of Methyltransferase Activity. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7583-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301990f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bian EB, Huang C, Ma TT, Tao H, Zhang H, Cheng C, Lv XW, Li J. DNMT1-mediated PTEN hypermethylation confers hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264:13-22. [PMID: 22841775 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is an essential event during liver fibrogenesis. Phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor, is a negative regulator of this process. PTEN promoter hypermethylation is a major epigenetic silencing mechanism in tumors. The present study aimed to investigate whether PTEN promoter methylation was involved in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Treatment of activated HSCs with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) decreased aberrant hypermethylation of the PTEN gene promoter and prevented the loss of PTEN expression that occurred during HSC activation. Silencing DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene also decreased the PTEN gene promoter methylation and upregulated the PTEN gene expression in activated HSC-T6 cells. In addition, knockdown of DNMT1 inhibited the activation of both ERK and AKT pathways in HSC-T6 cells. These results suggest that DNMT1-mediated PTEN hypermethylation caused the loss of PTEN expression, followed by the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways, resulting in HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Bao Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yae T, Tsuchihashi K, Ishimoto T, Motohara T, Yoshikawa M, Yoshida GJ, Wada T, Masuko T, Mogushi K, Tanaka H, Osawa T, Kanki Y, Minami T, Aburatani H, Ohmura M, Kubo A, Suematsu M, Takahashi K, Saya H, Nagano O. Alternative splicing of CD44 mRNA by ESRP1 enhances lung colonization of metastatic cancer cell. Nat Commun 2012; 3:883. [PMID: 22673910 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer metastasis, various environmental stressors attack the disseminating cells. The successful colonization of cancer cells in secondary sites therefore requires the ability of the cells to avoid the consequences of such exposure to the stressors. Here we show that orthotopic transplantation of a CD44 variant isoform-expressing (CD44v(+)) subpopulation of 4T1 breast cancer cells, but not that of a CD44v(-) subpopulation, in mice results in efficient lung metastasis accompanied by expansion of stem-like cancer cells. Such metastasis is dependent on the activity of the cystine transporter xCT, and the stability of this protein is controlled by CD44v. We find that epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 regulates the expression of CD44v, and knockdown of epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 in CD44v(+) cells results in an isoform switch from CD44v to CD44 standard (CD44s), leading to reduced cell surface expression of xCT and suppression of lung colonization. The epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1-CD44v-xCT axis is thus a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yae
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fuso A, Nicolia V, Ricceri L, Cavallaro RA, Isopi E, Mangia F, Fiorenza MT, Scarpa S. S-adenosylmethionine reduces the progress of the Alzheimer-like features induced by B-vitamin deficiency in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1482.e1-16. [PMID: 22221883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylation reactions linked to homocysteine in the one-carbon metabolism are increasingly elicited in Alzheimer's disease, although the association of hyperhomocysteinemia and of low B vitamin levels with the disease is still debated. We previously demonstrated that hyperhomocysteinemia and DNA hypomethylation induced by B vitamin deficiency are associated with PSEN1 and BACE1 overexpression and amyloid production. The present study is aimed at assessing S-adenosylmethionine effects in mice kept under a condition of B vitamin deficiency. To this end, TgCRND8 mice and wild-type littermates were assigned to control or B vitamin deficient diet, with or without S-adenosylmethionine supplementation. We found that S-adenosylmethionine reduced amyloid production, increased spatial memory in TgCRND8 mice and inhibited the upregulation of B vitamin deficiency-induced PSEN1 and BACE1 expression and Tau phosphorylation in TgCRND8 and wild-type mice. Furthermore, S-adenosylmethionine treatment reduced plaque spreading independently on B vitamin deficiency. These results strengthen our previous observations on the possible role of one-carbon metabolism in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting hyperhomocysteinemia-related mechanisms in dementia onset/progression and encourage further studies aimed at evaluating the use of S-adenosylmethionine as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fuso
- Department of Surgery P. Valdoni, Via Antonio Scarpa, 14-00161, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee J, Kim YK, Min DH. A New Assay for Endonuclease/Methyltransferase Activities Based on Graphene Oxide. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8906-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Phuong NTT, Kim SK, Lim SC, Kim HS, Kim TH, Lee KY, Ahn SG, Yoon JH, Kang KW. Role of PTEN promoter methylation in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:73-83. [PMID: 21170675 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is a serious clinical problem in the treatment of breast cancer. Here, we found that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1) expression are up-regulated in TAM-resistant breast cancer (TAMR-MCF-7) cells. We further focused on whether increased SAM with DNMT1 overexpression in TAMR-MCF-7 cells lead to aberrant methylation of the PTEN gene promoter and its therapeutic potential. Methylation-specific PCR analyses revealed that two sites within the PTEN promoters were methylated in TAMR-MCF-7 cells, which resulted in down-regulation of PTEN expression and increase in Akt phosphorylation. Both the loss of PTEN expression and the increased Akt phosphorylation in TAMR-MCF-7 cells were completely reversed by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), a DNMT inhibitor. 5-Aza inhibited the basal cell proliferation rate of TAMR-MCF-7 cells and intraperitoneal injection of 5-Aza significantly suppressed TAMR-MCF-7 tumor growth in a xenograft study. Immunohistochemistry showed that PTEN expression in TAM-resistant human breast cancer tissues was lower than in TAM-responsive cases. These results suggest that methylation of the PTEN promoter related to both SAM increase and DNMT1 activation contributes to persistent Akt activation and are potential therapeutic targets for reversing TAM resistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thuy Phuong
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Although discovered long ago, posttranslational phosphorylation of histones has been in the spotlight only recently. Information is accumulating almost daily on phosphorylation of histones and their roles in cellular physiology and human diseases. An extensive cross talk exists between phosphorylation and other posttranslational modifications, which together regulate various biological processes, including gene transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. Recent research on histone phosphorylation has demonstrated that nearly all histone types are phosphorylated at specific residues and that these modifications act as a critical intermediate step in chromosome condensation during cell division, transcriptional regulation, and DNA damage repair. As with all young fields, apparently conflicting and sometimes controversial observations about histone phosphorylations and their true functions in different species are found in the literature. Accumulating evidence suggests that instead of functioning strictly as part of a general code, histone phosphorylation probably functions by establishing cross talk with other histone modifications and serving as a platform for recruitment or release of effector proteins, leading to a downstream cascade of events. Here we extensively review published information on the complexities of histone phosphorylation, the roles of proteins recognizing these modifications and the resuting physiological outcome, and, importantly, future challenges and opportunities in this fast-moving field.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pioneer factors: directing transcriptional regulators within the chromatin environment. Trends Genet 2011; 27:465-74. [PMID: 21885149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin is a well-known obstacle to transcription as it controls DNA accessibility, which directly impacts the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery. The recent burst of functional genomic studies provides new clues as to how transcriptional competency is regulated in this context. In this review, we discuss how these studies have shed light on a specialized subset of transcription factors, defined as pioneer factors, which direct recruitment of downstream transcription factors to establish lineage-specific transcriptional programs. In particular, we present evidence of an interplay between pioneer factors and the epigenome that could be central to this process. Finally, we discuss how pioneer factors, whose expression and function are altered in tumors, are also being considered for their prognostic value and should therefore be regarded as potential therapeutic targets. Thus, pioneer factors emerge as key players that connect the epigenome and transcription in health and disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Şahin M, Şahin E, Gümüşlü S, Erdoğan A, Gültekin M. Inhibition of angiogenesis by S-adenosylmethionine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408:145-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|