1
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Wang P, Wang Z, Liu J. Role of HDACs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:5. [PMID: 31910827 PMCID: PMC6945581 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal hematopoiesis requires the accurate orchestration of lineage-specific patterns of gene expression at each stage of development, and epigenetic regulators play a vital role. Disordered epigenetic regulation has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to hematological malignancies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a series of key transcriptional cofactors that regulate gene expression by deacetylation of lysine residues on histone and nonhistone proteins. In normal hematopoiesis, HDACs are widely involved in the development of various lineages. Their functions involve stemness maintenance, lineage commitment determination, cell differentiation and proliferation, etc. Deregulation of HDACs by abnormal expression or activity and oncogenic HDAC-containing transcriptional complexes are involved in hematological malignancies. Currently, HDAC family members are attractive targets for drug design, and a variety of HDAC-based combination strategies have been developed for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Drug resistance and limited therapeutic efficacy are key issues that hinder the clinical applications of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how HDACs and HDAC-containing complexes function in normal hematopoiesis and highlight the etiology of HDACs in hematological malignancies. Moreover, the implication and drug resistance of HDACis are also discussed. This review presents an overview of the physiology and pathology of HDACs in the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.,Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zi Wang
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China. .,Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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2
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Kellner C, Peipp M, Gramatzki M, Schrappe M, Schewe DM. Perspectives of Fc engineered antibodies in CD19 targeting immunotherapies in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1448331. [PMID: 30221037 PMCID: PMC6136853 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1448331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD19 immunotherapies based on T cells opened new avenues in the treatment of pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). However, Fc engineered CD19 antibodies may also bear great potential. In light of recent preclinical and clinical data, perspectives of such antibodies designed for improved effectiveness in BCP-ALL are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, ALL-BFM Study Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis M. Schewe
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, ALL-BFM Study Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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Mobergslien A, Peng Q, Vasovic V, Sioud M. Cancer cell-binding peptide fused Fc domain activates immune effector cells and blocks tumor growth. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75940-75953. [PMID: 27713158 PMCID: PMC5342789 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies aiming at mobilizing immune effector cells to kill tumor cells independent of tumor mutational load and MHC expression status are expected to benefit cancer patients. Recently, we engineered various peptide-Fc fusion proteins for directing Fcg receptor-bearing immune cells toward tumor cells. Here, we investigated the immunostimulatory and anti-tumor effects of one of the engineered Fc fusion proteins (WN-Fc). In contrast to the Fc control, soluble WN-Fc-1 fusion protein activated innate immune cells (e.g. monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells), resulting in cytokine production and surface display of the lytic granule marker CD107a on NK cells. An engineered Fc-fusion variant carrying two peptide sequences (WN-Fc-2) also activated immune cells and bound to various cancer cell types with high affinity, including the murine 4T1 breast carcinoma cells. When injected into 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, both peptide-Fc fusions accumulated in tumor tissues as compared to other organs such as the lungs. Moreover, treatment of 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice by means of two intravenous injections of the WN-Fc fusion proteins inhibited tumor growth with WN-Fc-2 being more effective than WN-Fc-1. Treatment resulted in tumor infiltration by T cells and NK cells. These new engineered WN-Fc fusion proteins may be a promising alternative to existing immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mobergslien
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vlada Vasovic
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
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4
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Characteristics and Therapeutic Targeting of Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1100:127-139. [PMID: 30411264 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Early response to therapy, especially the measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD), remains the most reliable and strongest independent prognostic parameter. Intriguingly, little is known on the mechanisms sustaining MRD in that disease. Here, we summarize existing evidence on the influences of molecular genetics and clonal architecture of childhood ALL on disease persistence. Also, the impact of the leukemic niche on residual leukemia cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary compartments is reviewed. We further discuss existing in vivo models of minimal residual disease based on different cellular labelling strategies and engraftment of ALL cells in immunodeficient mouse strains. We finally draw some conclusions on potential strategies targeting residual ALL cells, with a focus on cellular and antibody-based immunotherapy.
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Weis CA, Grießmann BW, Scharff C, Detzner C, Pfister E, Marx A, Zoellner FG. On the representation of cells in bone marrow pathology by a scalar field: propagation through serial sections, co-localization and spatial interaction analysis. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:151. [PMID: 26330285 PMCID: PMC4557224 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemical analysis of cellular interactions in the bone marrow in situ is demanding, due to its heterogeneous cellular composition, the poor delineation and overlap of functional compartments and highly complex immunophenotypes of several cell populations (e.g. regulatory T-cells) that require immunohistochemical marker sets for unambiguous characterization. To overcome these difficulties, we herein present an approach to describe objects (e.g. cells, bone trabeculae) by a scalar field that can be propagated through registered images of serial histological sections. METHODS The transformation of objects within images (e.g. cells) to a scalar field was performed by convolution of the object's centroids with differently formed radial basis function (e.g. for direct or indirect spatial interaction). On the basis of such a scalar field, a summation field described distributed objects within an image. RESULTS After image registration i) colocalization analysis could be performed on basis scalar field, which is propagated through registered images, and - due to the shape of the field - were barely prone to matching errors and morphological changes by different cutting levels; ii) furthermore, depending on the field shape the colocalization measurements could also quantify spatial interaction (e.g. direct or paracrine cellular contact); ii) the field-overlap, which represents the spatial distance, of different objects (e.g. two cells) could be calculated by the histogram intersection. CONCLUSIONS The description of objects (e.g. cells, cell clusters, bone trabeculae etc.) as a field offers several possibilities: First, co-localization of different markers (e.g. by immunohistochemical staining) in serial sections can be performed in an automatic, objective and quantifiable way. In contrast to multicolour staining (e.g. 10-colour immunofluorescence) the financial and technical requirements are fairly minor. Second, the approach allows searching for different types of spatial interactions (e.g. direct and indirect cellular interaction) between objects by taking field shape into account (e.g. thin vs. broad). Third, by describing spatially distributed groups of objects as summation field, it gives cluster definition that relies rather on the bare object distance than on the modelled spatial cellular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Benedict Walter Grießmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Scharff
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Caecilia Detzner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuermberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Gerrit Zoellner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Bachy E, Salles G. Are we nearing an era of chemotherapy-free management of indolent lymphoma? Clin Cancer Res 2015; 20:5226-39. [PMID: 25320372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indolent B-cell lymphomas are heterogeneous, comprising three grades of follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, Waldenstöm macroglobulinemia, marginal zone lymphoma, and most recently, possibly low proliferative mantle cell lymphoma. These lymphomas are characterized by a high responsiveness to chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy; however, in most cases, conventional therapy might not offer a cure. Furthermore, the patient's age at diagnosis, at time to first or subsequent relapses, as well as potential comorbidities often preclude the use of chemotherapy. Recent progress has been made in our understanding of dysregulated pathways and immunologic antitumor responses in indolent lymphoma. Major therapeutic advances have been achieved in the development of nonchemotherapeutic agents, making "chemo-free" treatment a near-future reality. In this article, we highlight these promising approaches, such as the combination of anti-CD20 antibodies with immunomodulatory drugs, with mAbs directed against other surface antigens such as CD22, with immunomodulatory antibodies such as PD-1, or with inhibitors of key steps in the B-cell receptor pathway signaling. However, the cost of such therapies and potential, albeit manageable, toxicity should be considered. Phase III trials will confirm the benefit of these new treatment strategies that do not require a chemotherapeutic drug and help us identify their exact place in the therapeutic armamentarium for indolent lymphoma. Here we focus on follicular lymphoma, which is the most frequent subtype of indolent lymphoma and for which an increasing body of evidence has emerged that supports the dawn of a new era of chemotherapy-free treatment. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Paradigm Shifts in Lymphoma."
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bachy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France. Université Claude Bernard, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Salles
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France. Université Claude Bernard, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France.
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7
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Doisne JM, Hüber CM, Okkenhaug K, Colucci F. Immunomodulation of Selective Naive T Cell Functions by p110δ Inactivation Improves the Outcome of Mismatched Cell Transplantation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:702-710. [PMID: 25660021 PMCID: PMC4542309 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can treat certain hematologic malignancies due to the graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect but is complicated by graft versus host disease (GvHD). Expression of the p110δ catalytic subunit of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway is restricted to leukocytes, where it regulates proliferation, migration, and cytokine production. Here, in a mouse model of fully mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we show that genetic inactivation of p110δ in T cells leads to milder GvHD, whereas GvL is preserved. Inactivation of p110δ in human lymphocytes reduced T cell allorecognition. We demonstrate that both allostimulation and granzyme B expression were dependent on p110δ in naive T cells, which are the main mediators of GvHD, whereas memory T cells were unaffected. Strikingly, p110δ is not mandatory for either naive or memory T cells to mediate GvL. Therefore, immunomodulation of selective naive T cell functions by p110δ inactivation improves the outcome of allogeneic HSCT. Genetic p110δ inactivation in donor naive T cells mitigates GvHD in mice Pharmacological p110δ inactivation in human T cells reduces alloreactivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Doisne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK.
| | - Christian M Hüber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Research Campus, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
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8
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Houot R, Kohrt H, Levy R. Boosting antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity against tumor cells with a CD137 stimulatory antibody. Oncoimmunology 2014; 1:957-958. [PMID: 23162770 PMCID: PMC3489758 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induce tumor regression through antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We recently showed that an agonistic anti-CD137 mAb stimulates natural killer (NK) cells which have been activated by a tumor-specific mAb, resulting in increased ADCC against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes; Serivice Hématologie Clinique; Rennes, France
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9
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Development of anticancer drugs based on the hallmarks of tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:3981-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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10
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Anderson MW, Zhao S, Freud AG, Czerwinski DK, Kohrt H, Alizadeh AA, Houot R, Azambuja D, Biasoli I, Morais JC, Spector N, Molina-Kirsch HF, Warnke RA, Levy R, Natkunam Y. CD137 is expressed in follicular dendritic cell tumors and in classical Hodgkin and T-cell lymphomas: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:795-803. [PMID: 22901750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (also known as 4-1BB and TNFRSF9) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Originally identified as a costimulatory molecule expressed by activated T cells and NK cells, CD137 is also expressed by follicular dendritic cells, monocytes, mast cells, granulocytes, and endothelial cells. Anti-CD137 immunotherapy has recently shown promise as a treatment for solid tumors and lymphoid malignancies in preclinical models. We defined the expression of CD137 protein in both normal and neoplastic hematolymphoid tissue. CD137 protein is expressed by follicular dendritic cells in the germinal center and scattered paracortical T cells, but not by normal germinal-center B cells, bone marrow progenitor cells, or maturing thymocytes. CD137 protein is expressed by a select group of hematolymphoid tumors, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma, T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas, and follicular dendritic cells neoplasms. CD137 is a novel diagnostic marker of these tumors and suggests a possible target for tumor-directed antibody therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/diagnosis
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/metabolism
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/pathology
- Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant/therapy
- Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Hodgkin Disease/therapy
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
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Kohrt HE, Houot R, Marabelle A, Cho HJ, Osman K, Goldstein M, Levy R, Brody J. Combination strategies to enhance antitumor ADCC. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:511-27. [PMID: 22642334 PMCID: PMC3386352 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibodies as cancer therapeutics is largely dependent upon their ability to target the tumor and induce a functional antitumor immune response. This two-step process of ADCC utilizes the response of innate immune cells to provide antitumor cytotoxicity triggered by the interaction of the Fc portion of the antibody with the Fc receptor on the immune cell. Immunotherapeutics that target NK cells, γδ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells can, by augmenting the function of the immune response, enhance the antitumor activity of the antibodies. Advantages of such combination strategies include: the application to multiple existing antibodies (even across multiple diseases), the feasibility (from a regulatory perspective) of combining with previously approved agents and the assurance (to physicians and trial participants) that one of the ingredients - the antitumor antibody - has proven efficacy on its own. Here we discuss current strategies, including biologic rationale and clinical results, which enhance ADCC in the following ways: strategies that increase total target-monoclonal antibody-effector binding, strategies that trigger effector cell 'activating' signals and strategies that block effector cell 'inhibitory' signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holbrook E Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033 Rennes, France
- INSERM, U917, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keren Osman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Goldstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Brody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Berencsi III G. Fetal and Neonatal Illnesses Caused or Influenced by Maternal Transplacental IgG and/or Therapeutic Antibodies Applied During Pregnancy. MATERNAL FETAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN VIRUSES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON TUMORIGENESIS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7121401 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4216-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human fetus is protected by the mother’s antibodies. At the end of the pregnancy, the concentration of maternal antibodies is higher in the cord blood, than in the maternal circulation. Simultaneously, the immune system of the fetus begins to work and from the second trimester, fetal IgM is produced by the fetal immune system specific to microorganisms and antigens passing the maternal-fetal barrier. The same time the fetal immune system has to cope and develop tolerance and TREG cells to the maternal microchimeric cells, latent virus-carrier maternal cells and microorganisms transported through the maternal-fetal barrier. The maternal phenotypic inheritance may hide risks for the newborn, too. Antibody mediated enhancement results in dengue shock syndrome in the first 8 month of age of the baby. A series of pathologic maternal antibodies may elicit neonatal illnesses upon birth usually recovering during the first months of the life of the offspring. Certain antibodies, however, may impair the fetal or neonatal tissues or organs resulting prolonged recovery or initiating prolonged pathological processes of the children. The importance of maternal anti-idiotypic antibodies are believed to prime the fetal immune system with epitopes of etiologic agents infected the mother during her whole life before pregnancy and delivery. The chemotherapeutical and biological substances used for the therapy of the mother will be transcytosed into the fetal body during the last two trimesters of pregnancy. The long series of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and conjugates has not been tested systematically yet. The available data are summarised in this chapter. The innate immunity plays an important role in fetal defence. The concentration of interferon is relative high in the placenta. This is probably one reason, why the therapeutic interferon treatment of the mother does not impair the fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Berencsi III
- , Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Gyáli Street 2-6, Budapest, 1096 Hungary
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13
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Houot R, Kohrt HE, Marabelle A, Levy R. Targeting immune effector cells to promote antibody-induced cytotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:510-6. [PMID: 21907000 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are in widespread use for the treatment of cancer. Their success as cancer therapeutics relies substantially on their ability to engage the immune system. Specifically, Fc-receptor-expressing immune cells mediate the killing of tumor cells by mAbs. Stimulation of these immune effector cells might therefore represent a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of mAbs. For instance, stimulation of natural killer cells, γδ T cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells can be used to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis or even tumor vaccine effects. Here, we review several ways to improve the antitumor efficacy of mAbs by combining them with therapies that are directed against immune effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Service Hématologie Clinique, F-35033 Rennes, France
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