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Liu Y, Yi T, Meng S, Zhao X, Chen X, Zhang Y. Trichostatin A-modified vaccine provides superior protection against ovarian cancer formation and development. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e12874. [PMID: 38775545 PMCID: PMC11101164 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
More attention has been paid to immunotherapy for ovarian cancer and the development of tumor vaccines. We developed a trichostatin A (TSA)-modified tumor vaccine with potent immunomodulating activities that can inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer in rats and stimulate immune cell response in vivo. TSA-treated Nutu-19 cells inactivated by X-ray radiation were used as a tumor vaccine in rat ovarian cancer models. Prophylactic and therapeutic experiments were performed with TSA-modified tumor vaccine in rats. Flow cytometry and ELISpot assays were conducted to assess immune response. Immune cell expression in the spleen and thymus were detected by immunohistochemical staining. GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-17, LIF, LIX, KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, M-CSF, IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, RANTES, IL-4, IFN-γ, and VEGF expressions were detected with Milliplex Map Magnetic Bead Panel immunoassay. TSA vaccination in therapeutic and prophylactic models could effectively stimulate innate immunity and boost the adaptive humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to inhibit the growth and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. This vaccine stimulated the thymus into reactivating status and enhanced infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor-bearing rats. The expression of key immunoregulatory factors were upregulated in the vaccine group. The intensities of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly increased in the vaccine group compared to the control group (P<0.05). This protection was mainly dependent on the IFN-γ pathway and, to a much lesser extent, by the IL-4 pathway. The tumor cells only irradiated by X-ray as the control group still showed a slight immune effect, indicating that irradiated cells may also cause certain immune antigen exposure, but the efficacy was not as significant as that of the TSA-modified tumor vaccine. Our study revealed the potential application of the TSA-modified tumor vaccine as a novel tumor vaccine against tumor refractoriness and growth. These findings offer a better understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of the vaccine against latent tumorigenesis and progression. This tumor vaccine therapy may increase antigen exposure, synergistically activate the immune system, and ultimately improve remission rates. A vaccine strategy designed to induce effective tumor immune response is being considered for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing
Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, West China Second
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenglan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West
China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, West China Second
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiancheng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West
China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanna Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Sichuan Provincial People’s
Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu,
Sichuan, China
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2
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Marius W, Leticia OF, Friedrich KN, Stephan M, Louisa H, Tabea S, Elisa S, Pauline W, Yi D, Qi M, Barbara S, Carsten B, Walter F, Jasmin W, Franziska B. Expression of CD39 is associated with T cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer and its blockade reverts T cell dysfunction. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2346359. [PMID: 38737794 PMCID: PMC11087076 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2346359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune exhaustion is a hallmark of ovarian cancer. Using multiparametric flow cytometry, the study aimed to analyze protein expression of novel immunological targets on CD3+ T cells isolated from the peripheral blood (n = 20), malignant ascites (n = 16), and tumor tissue (n = 6) of patients with ovarian cancer (OVCA). The study revealed an increased proportion of effector memory CD8+ T cells in OVCA tissue and malignant ascites. An OVCA-characteristic PD-1high CD8+ T cell population was detected, which differed from PD-1lowCD8+ T cells by increased co-expression of TIGIT, CD39, and HLA-DR. In addition, these OVCA-characteristic CD8+ T cells showed reduced expression of the transcription factor TCF-1, which may also indicate reduced effector function and memory formation. On the contrary, the transcription factor TOX, which significantly regulates terminal T cell-exhaustion, was found more frequently in these cells. Further protein and gene analysis showed that CD39 and CD73 were also expressed on OVCA tumor cells isolated from solid tumors (n = 14) and malignant ascites (n = 9). In the latter compartment, CD39 and CD73 were also associated with the expression of the "don't eat me" molecule CD24 on tumor cells. Additionally, ascites-derived CD24+EpCAM+ tumor cells showed a higher frequency of CD39+ or CD73+ cells. Furthermore, CD39 expression was associated with unfavorable clinical parameters. Expression of CD39 on T cells was upregulated through CD3/CD28 stimulation and its blockade by a newly developed nanobody construct resulted in increased proliferation (eFluor), activation (CD25 and CD134), and production of cytotoxic cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme-B) of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witt Marius
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Koch-Nolte Friedrich
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Menzel Stephan
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Core Facility Nanobodies, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Seubert Elisa
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weimer Pauline
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ding Yi
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minyue Qi
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Schmalfeldt Barbara
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bokemeyer Carsten
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fiedler Walter
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wellbrock Jasmin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brauneck Franziska
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Zhao L, Chen X, Wu H, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Strategies to synergize PD-1/PD-L1 targeted cancer immunotherapies to enhance antitumor responses in ovarian cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115724. [PMID: 37524205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies have developed rapidly but exhibited modest activity in ovarian cancer (OC), achieving a clinical response rate ranging from 5.9% to 19%. Current evidence indicate that the establishment of an integrated cancer-immunity cycle is a prerequisite for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. Any impairment in this cycle, including lack of cancer antigens release, impaired antigen-presenting, decreased T cell priming and activation, less T cells that are trafficked or infiltrated in tumor microenvironment (TME), and low tumor recognition and killings, will lead to decreased infiltrated cytotoxic T cells to tumor bed and treatment failure. Therefore, combinatorial strategies aiming to modify cancer-immunity cycle and reprogram tumor immune microenvironment are of great interest. By far, various strategies have been studied to enhance responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in OC. Platinum-based chemotherapy increases neoantigens release; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) improve the function of antigen-presenting cells and promote the trafficking of T cells into tumors; epigenetic drugs help to complete the immune cycle by affecting multiple steps; immunotherapies like anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies reactivate T cells, and other treatment strategies like radiotherapy helps to increase the expression of tumor antigens. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical studies by analyzing their contribution in modifying the cancer immunity cycle and remodeling tumor environment, and we will also summarize recent progress in clinical trials and discuss some perspectives to improve these treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pankowska KA, Będkowska GE, Chociej-Stypułkowska J, Rusak M, Dąbrowska M, Osada J. Crosstalk of Immune Cells and Platelets in an Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment and Their Prognostic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119279. [PMID: 37298230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological cancers, largely due to the fast development of metastasis and drug resistance. The immune system is a critical component of the OC tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cells such as T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in anti-tumor immunity. However, OC tumor cells are well known for evading immune surveillance by modulating the immune response through various mechanisms. Recruiting immune-suppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Treg cells), macrophages, or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) inhibit the anti-tumor immune response and promote the development and progression of OC. Platelets are also involved in immune evasion by interaction with tumor cells or through the secretion of a variety of growth factors and cytokines to promote tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of immune cells and platelets in TME. Furthermore, we discuss their potential prognostic significance to help in the early detection of OC and to predict disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Aneta Pankowska
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grażyna Ewa Będkowska
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Chociej-Stypułkowska
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rusak
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Milena Dąbrowska
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Osada
- Department of Haematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Development and Validation of a Prognostic Risk Model Based on Nature Killer Cells for Serous Ovarian Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030403. [PMID: 36983585 PMCID: PMC10055736 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature killer (NK) cells are increasingly considered important in tumor microenvironment, but their role in predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer has not been revealed. This study aimed to develop a prognostic risk model for ovarian cancer based on NK cells. Firstly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of NK cells were found by single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset analysis. Based on six NK-cell DEGs identified by univariable, Lasso and multivariable Cox regression analyses, a prognostic risk model for serous ovarian cancer was developed in the TCGA cohort. This model was then validated in three external cohorts, and evaluated as an independent prognostic factor by multivariable Cox regression analysis together with clinical characteristics. With the investigation of the underlying mechanism, a relation between a higher risk score of this model and more immune activities in tumor microenvironment was revealed. Furthermore, a detailed inspection of infiltrated immunocytes indicated that not only quantity, but also the functional state of these immunocytes might affect prognostic risk. Additionally, the potential of this model to predict immunotherapeutic response was exhibited by evaluating the functional state of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To conclude, this study introduced a novel prognostic risk model based on NK-cell DEGs, which might provide assistance for the personalized management of serous ovarian cancer patients.
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Prognostic and Predictive Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184344. [PMID: 36139508 PMCID: PMC9497073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been recognized as clinically relevant prognostic markers for improved survival, providing the immunological basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and showing a significant prognostic and predictive role in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OC). In fact, many OCs show TILs whose typology and degree of infiltration have been shown to be strongly correlated with prognosis and survival. The OC histological subtype with the higher presence of TILs is the high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) followed by the endometrioid subtype, whereas mucinous and clear cell OCs seem to contain a lower percentage of TILs. The abundant presence of TILs in OC suggests an immunogenic potential for this tumor. Despite the high immunogenic potential, OC has been described as a highly immunosuppressive tumor with a high expression of PD1 by TILs. Although further studies are needed to better define their role in prognostic stratification and the therapeutic implication, intraepithelial TILs represent a relevant prognostic factor to take into account in OC. In this review, we will discuss the promising role of TILs as markers which are able to reflect the anticancer immune response, describing their potential capability to predict prognosis and therapy response in OC.
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7
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Sun J, Yan C, Xu D, Zhang Z, Li K, Li X, Zhou M, Hao D. Immuno-genomic characterisation of high-grade serous ovarian cancer reveals immune evasion mechanisms and identifies an immunological subtype with a favourable prognosis and improved therapeutic efficacy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1570-1580. [PMID: 35017656 PMCID: PMC9130248 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has revolutionised the field of cancer therapy and immunology, but has demonstrated limited therapeutic efficacy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). METHODS Multi-omics data of 495 TCGA HGSOC tumours and RNA-seq data of 1708 HGSOC tumours were analyzed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and meta-analyses were used to identify prognostic genes. The immune microenvironment was characterised using the ssGSEA methods for 28 immune cell types. Immunohistochemistry staining of tumour tissues of 14 patients was used to validate the key findings further. RESULTS A total of 1142 genes were identified as favourable prognostic genes, which are prevailing in immune-related pathways and the infiltration of most immune subpopulations was observed to be associated with a favourable prognosis suggesting that tumour immunogenicity was the most prominent factor associated with improved clinical outcomes and response to chemotherapy of HGSOC. We identified multiple genomic and transcriptomic determinants of immunogenicity, including the copy loss of chromosome 4q and deficiencies of the homologous recombination pathway. Finally, an immunological subtype characterised by increased infiltration of activated CD8 T cells and decreased Tregs was associated with favourable prognosis and improved therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our study characterised the immunogenomic landscape and refined the immunological classifications of HGSOC. This may improve the selection of patients with HGSOC who are suitable candidates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027 Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Yan
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027 Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027 Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027 Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027 Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Hao
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, P. R. China
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Xie B, Tan G, Ren J, Lu W, Pervaz S, Ren X, Otoo AA, Tang J, Li F, Wang Y, Wang M. RB1 Is an Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:830908. [PMID: 35299734 PMCID: PMC8920998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.830908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies and a leading cause of death in the world. Thus, this necessitates identification of prognostic biomarkers which will be helpful in its treatment. Methods The gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE31245 were selected as the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis was used to analyze the difference in overall survival (OS) between high and low RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) expression groups. To confirm whether RB1 was an independent risk factor for OC, we constructed a multivariate Cox regression model. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The associations of RB1 with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints were studied by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER 2.0) and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to compare the expression level of RB1 in normal tissues and tumor samples, and to predict the prognosis of OC. Results The KM survival curve of the TCGA indicated that the OS in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.28-2.02, P = 3×10-5), which was validated in GSE31245 (HR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.21–13.74, P = 0.01) and IHC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that RB1 was an independent prognostic biomarker (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.31-2.10, P = 2.02×10-5). Enrichment analysis suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and mitochondrial transition. The infiltration levels of fibroblast, neutrophil, monocyte and macrophage were positively correlated with RB1. Furthermore, RB1 was associated with immune checkpoint molecules (CTLA4, LAG3, and CD274). The IHC staining revealed higher expression of RB1 in tumor tissues as compared to that in normal tissues (P = 0.019). Overexpression of RB1 was associated with poor prognosis of OC (P = 0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest that RB1 was a novel and immune-related prognostic biomarker for OC, which may be a promising target for OC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangqing Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyu Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Antonia Adwoa Otoo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Senent Y, Ajona D, González-Martín A, Pio R, Tavira B. The Complement System in Ovarian Cancer: An Underexplored Old Path. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3806. [PMID: 34359708 PMCID: PMC8345190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Current therapeutic strategies allow temporary control of the disease, but most patients develop resistance to treatment. Moreover, although successful in a range of solid tumors, immunotherapy has yielded only modest results in ovarian cancer. Emerging evidence underscores the relevance of the components of innate and adaptive immunity in ovarian cancer progression and response to treatment. Particularly, over the last decade, the complement system, a pillar of innate immunity, has emerged as a major regulator of the tumor microenvironment in cancer immunity. Tumor-associated complement activation may support chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and activate cancer-related signaling pathways. Recent insights suggest an important role of complement effectors, such as C1q or anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and their receptors C3aR and C5aR1 in ovarian cancer progression. Nevertheless, the implication of these factors in different clinical contexts is still poorly understood. Detailed knowledge of the interplay between ovarian cancer cells and complement is required to develop new immunotherapy combinations and biomarkers. In this context, we discuss the possibility of targeting complement to overcome some of the hurdles encountered in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Senent
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Martín
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Translational Oncology Group, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Y.S.); (A.G.-M.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Yan Y, Nie K, Zheng J, Jiang X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Wen Y, Li P. High Endothelin Receptor Type A Expression as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5013-5026. [PMID: 34234547 PMCID: PMC8254415 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s313078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and is associated with high mortality worldwide. Endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) is associated with guanine-nucleotide-binding (G) proteins and plays important roles in cellular processes and various diseases. Purpose To investigate the prognosis value of EDNRA expression and its correlation with immune infiltrates in patients with STAD. Methods The association between clinical characteristics and EDNRA expression in STAD was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression. The Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis and Cox regression were constructed to evaluate the influence of EDNRA on prognosis, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram were constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were conducted to analyze the correlation between EDNRA and immune infiltrates. In addition, Oncomine, TIMER databases and qRT-PCR of STAD cell lines were used to verify the EDNRA expression in STAD. Results Our results revealed that EDNRA expression was significantly higher in patients with STAD than normal gastric tissues, and the results have been confirmed by RT-qPCR. KM-plotter analysis revealed that patients with STAD had shorter OS, FP, and PPS (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis further confirmed that high EDNRA expression was an independent risk factor for OS in patients with STAD. Moreover, other clinicopathologic features were related with worse prognosis in STAD, including age, lymph nodes metastases and primary outcome. More importantly, ROC analysis also confirmed the diagnostic value, and a prognostic nomogram involving age, T, M, N classification, pathologic stage, residual tumor and EDNRA was constructed. GSEA revealed that high EDNRA expression was correlated with immunoregulatory interactions between lymphoid and non lymphoid cells pathways, natural killer cell activation involved in immune response, interleukin 1 receptor binding and pathways in cancer, and ssGSEA showed that EDNRA is correlated with macrophages and NK cells. Conclusion Collectively, EDNRA can be an independent prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kechao Nie
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Nath A, Cosgrove PA, Mirsafian H, Christie EL, Pflieger L, Copeland B, Majumdar S, Cristea MC, Han ES, Lee SJ, Wang EW, Fereday S, Traficante N, Salgia R, Werner T, Cohen AL, Moos P, Chang JT, Bowtell DDL, Bild AH. Evolution of core archetypal phenotypes in progressive high grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3039. [PMID: 34031395 PMCID: PMC8144406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells following chemotherapy is only partially understood. To understand the selection of factors driving heterogeneity before and through adaptation to treatment, we profile single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomes of HGSOC tumors collected longitudinally during therapy. We analyze scRNA-seq data from two independent patient cohorts to reveal that HGSOC is driven by three archetypal phenotypes, defined as oncogenic states that describe the majority of the transcriptome variation. Using a multi-task learning approach to identify the biological tasks of each archetype, we identify metabolism and proliferation, cellular defense response, and DNA repair signaling as consistent cell states found across patients. Our analysis demonstrates a shift in favor of the metabolism and proliferation archetype versus cellular defense response archetype in cancer cells that received multiple lines of treatment. While archetypes are not consistently associated with specific whole-genome driver mutations, they are closely associated with subclonal populations at the single-cell level, indicating that subclones within a tumor often specialize in unique biological tasks. Our study reveals the core archetypes found in progressive HGSOC and shows consistent enrichment of subclones with the metabolism and proliferation archetype as resistance is acquired to multiple lines of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Mirsafian
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lance Pflieger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Copeland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Majumdar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Mihaela C Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Ernest S Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Edward W Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Werner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Philip Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA.
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YAP and endothelin-1 signaling: an emerging alliance in cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:27. [PMID: 33422090 PMCID: PMC7797087 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rational making the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) the centerpiece of targeted therapies is fueled by the awareness that GPCR-initiated signaling acts as pivotal driver of the early stages of progression in a broad landscape of human malignancies. The endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors (ET-1R), known as ETA receptor (ETAR) and ETB receptor (ETBR) that belong to the GPCR superfamily, affect both cancer initiation and progression in a variety of cancer types. By the cross-talking with multiple signaling pathways mainly through the scaffold protein β-arrestin1 (β-arr1), ET-1R axis cooperates with an array of molecular determinants, including transcription factors and co-factors, strongly affecting tumor cell fate and behavior. In this scenario, recent findings shed light on the interplay between ET-1 and the Hippo pathway. In ETAR highly expressing tumors ET-1 axis induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of the Hippo pathway downstream effectors, the paralogous transcriptional cofactors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Recent evidence have discovered that ET-1R/β-arr1 axis instigates a transcriptional interplay involving YAP and mutant p53 proteins, which share a common gene signature and cooperate in a oncogenic signaling network. Mechanistically, YAP and mutp53 are enrolled in nuclear complexes that turn on a highly selective YAP/mutp53-dependent transcriptional response. Notably, ET-1R blockade by the FDA approved dual ET-1 receptor antagonist macitentan interferes with ET-1R/YAP/mutp53 signaling interplay, through the simultaneous suppression of YAP and mutp53 functions, hampering metastasis and therapy resistance. Based on these evidences, we aim to review the recent findings linking the GPCR signaling, as for ET-1R, to YAP/TAZ signaling, underlining the clinical relevance of the blockade of such signaling network in the tumor and microenvironmental contexts. In particular, we debate the clinical implications regarding the use of dual ET-1R antagonists to blunt gain of function activity of mutant p53 proteins and thereby considering them as a potential therapeutic option for mutant p53 cancers. The identification of ET-1R/β-arr1-intertwined and bi-directional signaling pathways as targetable vulnerabilities, may open new therapeutic approaches able to disable the ET-1R-orchestrated YAP/mutp53 signaling network in both tumor and stromal cells and concurrently sensitizes to high-efficacy combined therapeutics.
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Increased Expression of LYNX1 in Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma Predicts Poor Prognosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1392674. [PMID: 33299855 PMCID: PMC7710416 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1392674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have reported the function of LYNX1 in ovarian cancer. We retrieved LYNX1 gene expression data and clinical information of 376 patients with ovarian cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project website. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between clinical pathologic features and LYNX1 expression. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to draw survival curves of patients, and Cox regression was used to calculate the relationship between LYNX1 expression and survival rate or the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed, and the correlation between LYNX1 expression and cancer immune infiltrates was investigated via single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). High LYNX1 expression in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OVs) was associated with tumor residual disease (RD). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients with OVs who also displayed high LYNX1 expression had decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with low LYNX1 expression. Univariate analysis also supported that patients with high LYNX1 expression had lower OS than those with low LYNX1 expression. LYNX1 expression has the potential to be a prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in OVs.
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Yang J, Xiang C, Liu J. Clinical significance of combining salivary mRNAs and carcinoembryonic antigen for ovarian cancer detection. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2020; 81:39-45. [PMID: 33300816 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1852478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Salivary mRNA biomarkers and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been recognized as promising liquid biopsy methods for detection of multiple cancers. However, current tests normally use solitary type of biomarkers, and are limited by unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity when applied to differentiate cancer patients from healthy controls. In this study, a combined approach of CEA and salivary mRNA biomarkers was evaluated for discriminatory performance of ovarian cancer patients from healthy controls. We designed our study with two phases: a discovery phase to find and evaluate multiple biomarkers, and an independent validation phase to confirm the applicability of the selected biomarkers. In the discovery phase, a total of 140 ovarian cancer patients and 140 healthy controls were recruited. The CEA level in blood as well as five mRNA biomarkers in saliva (i.e. AGPAT1, B2M, BASP1, IER3 and IL1β) were measured, followed by developing a machine-learning model to differentiate ovarian cancer patients and healthy controls. We found a novel panel of biomarkers, which could differentiate ovarian cancer patients from healthy controls with high sensitivity (89.3%) and high specificity (82.9%). Next, we applied this panel of biomarkers in an independent validation study that consisted of 60 ovarian cancer patients and 60 healthy controls. The ovarian cancer patients were successfully differentiated from healthy controls in the validation phase, with sensitivity reaching 85.0% and specificity reaching 88.3%. To our best knowledge, it is the first time that a combined use of CEA and salivary mRNA biomarkers were applied for non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
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15
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Qian M, Ling W, Ruan Z. Long non-coding RNA SNHG12 promotes immune escape of ovarian cancer cells through their crosstalk with M2 macrophages. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17122-17136. [PMID: 32927431 PMCID: PMC7521506 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment contributes to this phenomenon and that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also involved in this process. In this study, we identified a new lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) and investigated its role in tumor immune escape. We analyzed the expression levels of interlukin (IL)-6R and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 51 ovarian cancer and 20 normal specimens by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between SNHG12 and IL-6R in clinical ovarian cancer samples was identified by RT-qPCR. We then performed SNHG12 gain- and loss-function experiments in order to investigate its role in the regulation of immune escape and the crosstalk between miR-21 and IL-6. T cell proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry. In vivo pro-immune escape activity of SNHG12 was assessed by tumor-xenograft mouse model. IL-6R and PD-L1 were found to be overexpressed in clinical ovarian cancer specimens. Meanwhile, SNHG12 and IL-6R expressions were positively correlated in clinical ovarian cancer samples. SNHG12 facilitated ovarian immune escape by promoting IL-6/miR-21 crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and M2 macrophages. Notably, SNHG12 promoted IL-6R transcription by recruiting NF-κB1 to the IL-6R promoter. Our study reveals that SNHG12 facilitates ovarian cancer immune escape by upregulating IL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China,Equal contribution
| | - Wanwen Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China,Equal contribution
| | - Zhengyi Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
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16
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Martinez A, Delord JP, Ayyoub M, Devaud C. Preclinical and Clinical Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1761. [PMID: 32630708 PMCID: PMC7409311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the immune system has increasingly been recognized as a major player in tumor cell control, leading to considerable advances in cancer treatment. While promising with regards to melanoma, renal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy provides, for the time being, limited success in other cancers, including ovarian cancer, potentially due to insufficient immunogenicity or to a particularly immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we provide a global description of the immune context of ovarian cancer, in particular epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We describe the adaptive and innate components involved in the EOC immune response, including infiltrating tumor-specific T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and natural killer and myeloid cells. In addition, we highlight the rationale behind the use of EOC preclinical mouse models to assess resistance to immunotherapy, and we summarize the main preclinical studies that yielded anti-EOC immunotherapeutic strategies. Finally, we focus on major published or ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials concerning EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martinez
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT), 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31037 Toulouse, France
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Devaud
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1037, 31037 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (J.-P.D.); (M.A.)
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31037 Toulouse, France
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Chen JP, Huang QD, Wan T, Tu H, Gu HF, Cao JY, Liu JH. Combined score of pretreatment platelet count and CA125 level (PLT-CA125) stratified prognosis in patients with FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:72. [PMID: 31362750 PMCID: PMC6668095 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of death-related ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Regarding the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV EOC, the 5-year overall survival (OS) has not changed in last decades. Platelet (PLT) count and CA125 level are both prognostic markers that related to inflammation and immune evasion in EOC. This study intended to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment PLT count and CA125 level in FIGO stage IV EOC. Methods The study included 108 patients diagnosed with FIGO stage IV EOC and treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy between January 1995 and December 2016. The PLT counts and CA125 levels of the patients before any treatment were analysed with clinical and pathological parameters, OS and progression-free survival (PFS). The survival of different groups was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The PLT-CA125 scores (0, 1, and 2) were defined basing on the presence of thrombocytosis (PLT count > 400,000/μL), an elevated CA125 level (CA125 > 1200 U/mL), or both. The prognostic value of PLT-CA125 was assessed with a Cox regression model. Results Median OS, but not median PFS, was significantly decreased in patients with thrombocytosis or elevated CA125 levels when compared with the others (p = 0.011 & p = 0.004). The median OS was significantly decreased in patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 2 [37.8 months; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.6–54.9] compared with patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 0 (70.0 moths, 95% CI 38.0–101.9, p < 0.001). The median PFS was also significantly decreased in patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 2 (19.6 months; 95% CI 13.0–26.3) compared with patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 0 (32.0 months; 95% CI 23.3–40.7, p = 0.011). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified both PLT-CA125 scores of 2 and 1 as independent poor prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.004 & p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.033 & p = 0.017) compared with a PLT-CA125 score of 0. Conclusions The pretreatment PLT-CA125 score can be a reliable marker with high accessibility for stratifying prognosis in patients with FIGO stage IV EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Dan Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Gu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ya Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Small extracellular vesicles containing arginase-1 suppress T-cell responses and promote tumor growth in ovarian carcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3000. [PMID: 31278254 PMCID: PMC6611910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-driven immune suppression is a major barrier to successful immunotherapy in ovarian carcinomas (OvCa). Among various mechanisms responsible for immune suppression, arginase-1 (ARG1)-carrying small extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as important contributors to tumor growth and tumor escape from the host immune system. Here, we report that small EVs found in the ascites and plasma of OvCa patients contain ARG1. EVs suppress proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in vitro and in vivo in OvCa mouse models. In mice, ARG1-containing EVs are transported to draining lymph nodes, taken up by dendritic cells and inhibit antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Increased expression of ARG1 in mouse OvCa cells is associated with accelerated tumor progression that can be blocked by an arginase inhibitor. Altogether, our studies show that tumor cells use EVs as vehicles to carry over long distances and deliver to immune cells a metabolic checkpoint molecule – ARG1, mitigating anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer cells employ a variety of ways to escape the immune system. Here, the authors show that ovarian cancer cells produce small extracellular vescicles containing arginase 1 that are taken up by dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes, resulting in inhibition of antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.
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Ullah M, Azazzen D, Kaci R, Benabbou N, Pujade Lauraine E, Pocard M, Mirshahi M. High Expression of HLA-G in Ovarian Carcinomatosis: The Role of Interleukin-1β. Neoplasia 2019; 21:331-342. [PMID: 30802770 PMCID: PMC6389653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the expression of HLA-G in ovarian cancer and its impact on immune cells. We used carcinomatosis fluids (n = 16) collected from patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, detected by an increase in CA125 levels. Our results indicate that HLA-G is expressed by 1) ascitic cell clusters, 2) stromal cells (hospicells) extracted from cancer cell clusters, and 3) cancer cell lines and tumor cells. The origin of HLA-G was linked to inflammatory cytokines present in the cancer microenvironment. In parallel, the ascitic fluid of patients with ovarian cancer contains soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G). The mesothelial cell layer and submesothelial tissues, as well as the immune cell infiltrate, do not secrete HLA-G. In contrast, sHLA-G is absorbed by peritoneal tissues along with mesothelial layers as well as immune cell infiltrates. We demonstrated that interleukin-1β along with TGF-β can be a major HLA-G-inducing factor that upregulates HLA-G expression through the NF-κB pathway. The level of HLA-G in ascites correlated positively with the expression of T regulatory (T-regs) cells, while it negatively correlated with the expression of natural killer and memory cells in tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In conclusion, the production of HLA-G is associated with the presence of inflammatory cytokines and is strongly correlated with microenvironment tolerant cells such as T-regs and diminution of NK and memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Ullah
- INSERM U965, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Diderot University, Carcinomatosis Angiogenesis Translational Research, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Dallel Azazzen
- INSERM U965, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Diderot University, Carcinomatosis Angiogenesis Translational Research, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Rachid Kaci
- INSERM U965, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Diderot University, Carcinomatosis Angiogenesis Translational Research, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; Central Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Benabbou
- INSERM U965, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Diderot University, Carcinomatosis Angiogenesis Translational Research, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Pocard
- INSERM U965, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Diderot University, Carcinomatosis Angiogenesis Translational Research, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Massoud Mirshahi
- INSERM U965, Sorbonne Paris Cité-Paris Diderot University, Carcinomatosis Angiogenesis Translational Research, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France.
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Tocci P, Rosanò L, Bagnato A. Targeting Endothelin-1 Receptor/β-Arrestin-1 Axis in Ovarian Cancer: From Basic Research to a Therapeutic Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:609. [PMID: 31551935 PMCID: PMC6737583 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies imply a key role of endothelin-1 receptor (ET-1R), belonging to the largest family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), in the regulation of a plethora of processes involved in tumorigenesis and metastatic progression. β-arrestin-1 (β-arr1) system has been recognized as a critical hub controlling GPCR signaling network, directing the GPCR's biological outcomes. In ovarian cancer, ET-1R/β-arr1 axis enables cancer cells to engage several integrated signaling, and represents an actionable target for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Preclinical research studies demonstrate that ET-1R blockade by the approved dual ETAR/ETBR antagonist macitentan counteracts β-arr1-mediated signaling network, and hampers the dialogue among cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, interfering with metastatic progression and drug response. In light of major developments in the ET-1R signaling paradigm, this review article discusses the emerging evidence of the dual ET-1R antagonist treatment in cancer, and outlines our challenge in preclinical studies warranting the repurposing of ET-1R antagonists for the design of more effective clinical trials based on combinatorial therapies to overcome, or prevent, the onset of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Tocci
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Bagnato
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Bagnato
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21
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Gao Q, Xiang SD, Wilson K, Madondo M, Stephens AN, Plebanski M. Sperm Protein 17 Expression by Murine Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells and Its Impact on Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080276. [PMID: 30127274 PMCID: PMC6115966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer testis antigen sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a promising antigenic target in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) vaccine development. However, its role in ovarian cancer is unclear. We isolated and expanded Sp17+ and Sp17− clones from the murine EOC cell line ID8, and compared their in-vitro cell growth characteristics and in-vivo tumorigenicity. We also examined the potential co-expression of molecules that may influence cancer cell survival and interaction with immune cells. These include stimulatory and immunosuppressive molecules, such as major histocompatibility class I molecules (MHC I), MHC II, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), CD73, CD39, tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Whilst the presence of Sp17 was not correlated with the ID8 cell proliferation/growth capacity in vitro, it was critical to enable progressive tumor formation in vivo. Flow cytometry revealed that Sp17+ ID8 cells displayed higher expression of both STAT3 and PD-L1, whilst MHC II expression was lower. Moreover, Sp17high (PD-L1+MHCII−) cell populations showed significantly enhanced resistance to Paclitaxel-induced cell death in vitro compared to Sp17low (PD-L1−MHCII+) cells, which was associated in turn with increased STAT3 expression. Together, the data support Sp17 as a factor associated with in-vivo tumor progression and chemo-resistance, validating it as a suitable target for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Sue D Xiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Mutsa Madondo
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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22
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Liao H, Zhu H, Liu S, Wang H. Expression of V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation is associated with the advanced stage and presence of lymph node metastasis in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3465-3472. [PMID: 30127950 PMCID: PMC6096210 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel negative immune checkpoint that belongs to the B7 family. VISTA is primarily expressed on hematopoietic cells and inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. The blockade of VISTA has demonstrated promising results in certain murine tumor models. In the present study, an immunohistochemical analysis of VISTA expression on tumor cells, intratumoral immune cells and vascular endothelial cells was performed in a cohort of 65 patients with ovarian cancer (OC). The associations between VISTA expression and different clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using Fisher's exact test, and the analysis of overall survival in different groups was performed by the construction of Kaplan-Meier curves. The results indicated that high expression of VISTA on tumor cells or ICs was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, the percentage of cases with high expression of VISTA on tumor cells (24.6%) was decreased compared with those with high expression on ICs (44.6%). There was no association between VISTA expression and the 5-year overall survival rate, and advanced-stage disease was the only independent predictor of poor prognosis based on multivariate Cox regression analysis. In general, VISTA expression increased with advanced disease stage and LNM, indicating that VISTA expression is involved in the progression of OC. More importantly, these data implicate VISTA as a candidate immunotherapeutic target in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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23
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Zhu X, Lang J. Programmed death-1 pathway blockade produces a synergistic antitumor effect: combined application in ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2017; 28:e64. [PMID: 28657225 PMCID: PMC5540723 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2017.28.e64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand are part of the immune checkpoint pathway that down-regulates effector T cells in immune response, thereby causing immune suppression. The PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can be blocked by antibodies to reverse tumor-mediated immunosuppression. However, advanced cancers such as stage III-IV ovarian cancer (OC) and certain types such as ID8 OC (a clone of C57BL/6 mouse OC) may hijack the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to escape immune attack. When combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or other agents, these PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockages can produce a synergistic antitumor response in OC. Combined immunotherapy significantly prolongs overall survival by changing the tumor microenvironment through processes such as increasing the number of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells or cytokines in mice with OC and decreasing the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). OC patients treated with combined immunotherapy received better prognoses than those treated with monotherapy. This review reflects the move toward novel therapy combinations for OC and discusses these promising immunotherapeutic approaches, which are more cost-effective and effective than other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Our understanding of epithelial ovarian cancer has blossomed, and we now recognize that it is a collection of varied histologic and molecularly different malignancies, many of which may not derive from a true ovarian anatomic precursor. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a unique type of epithelial cancer. It is characterized by nearly universal mutation in and dysfunction of p53, genomic instability rather than driver mutations, advanced stage at onset, and probable fallopian tube epithelium origin, with a serous tubal in situ carcinoma precursor. Germline deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as other less prevalent genes involved in DNA repair, such as PALB2 and RAD51c, are associated with its carcinogenesis and may predict susceptibility to classes of treatment agents, including DNA-damaging agents and DNA repair inhibitors. Loss of function of these genes is associated with homologous recombination dysfunction (HRD). It is now recognized that there may be HGSOC with wild-type BRCA1 and BRCA2 with an identifiable HRD phenotype. Such HRD tumors also may be more susceptible to certain classes of treatments and may be phenotypically detectable with a composite molecular biomarker that has been shown to be predictive for response to PARP inhibitors. Use of this new knowledge of the anatomic and molecular background of HGSOC has led to the rational design of novel combinations of treatment classes to create an HRD-like cellular environment and thus drive treatment benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Kohn
- From the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - S Percy Ivy
- From the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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25
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Targeting PD-1 and Tim-3 Pathways to Reverse CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion and Enhance Ex Vivo T-Cell Responses to Autologous Dendritic/Tumor Vaccines. J Immunother 2016; 39:171-80. [PMID: 27070448 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The paradoxical coexistence of spontaneous tumor antigen-specific immune response with progressive disease in cancer patients need to dissect the molecular pathways involved in tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has been identified as a marker of exhausted T cells in chronic disease states, and blockade of PD-1-PD-L1 interactions has been shown to partially restore T-cell function. We have found that T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim) 3 is expressed on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from patients with colorectal cancer. All T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (Tim-3+) TILs coexpress PD-1, and Tim-3+ PD-1+ CD8+ TILs represent the predominant fraction of Tcells infiltrating tumors. Tim-3+PD-1+ CD8+ TILs exhibit the most severe exhausted phenotype as defined by failure to produce cytokines, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2. We further find that combined targeting of the Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways increased the frequencies of not only interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α but also frequencies of proliferating tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells than targeting either pathway alone. A concomitant decrease in regulatory T cells and enhanced killing in a cytotoxicity assay was observed. Collectively, our findings support the use of Tim-3-Tim-3L blockade together with PD-1-PD-L1 blockade to reverse tumor-induced T-cell exhaustion/dysfunction in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Mielczarek-Palacz A, Sikora J, Kondera-Anasz Z, Mickiewicz P, Mickiewicz A. Effect of Th1/Th2 cytokine administration on proinflammatory SKOV-3 cell activation. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1337-1347. [PMID: 27904527 PMCID: PMC5108376 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 might associate with inflammatory processes in a tumor progression and create a specific microenvironment for tumor growth. The aim of the study was to assess whether the Th1 and Th2 type cytokines, such as IL-2 and IL-10, affect ovarian carcinoma continuous cell line (SKOV-3) pro-inflammatory activation. MATERIAL AND METHODS SKOV-3 ovarian cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated by IL-2 and IL-10. Additionally, SKOV-3 ovarian cells and PBMCs were co-cultured together. Proinflammatory activation of cancer cells was evaluated by measurement of IL-1β and IL-6 levels in culture fluid after 72 h of incubation. RESULTS SKOV-3 cells and PBMCs secreted IL-1β and IL-6. After stimulation by IL-2 and IL-10, secretion of studied parameters was changed in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of a higher IL-2 level gave rise to an increase of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12 secretion in SKOV-3 cells. Stimulation by IL-10 increased only IL-1β secretion in SKOV-3 cells. However, IL-6 secretion decreased after stimulation with 25 ng/ml IL-10. Activatory effects of IL-2 and inhibitory effects of IL-10 in co-culture of SKOV-3 and PBMCs were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that Th1/Th2 type of cytokines might influence pro-inflammatory activation of SKOV-3 ovarian cells. Co-cultures of SKOV-3 and PBMCs showed significant changes in cross-talk between cancer and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikora
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Kondera-Anasz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mickiewicz
- X-ray Microtomography Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Material Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Mickiewicz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Medical Analytics in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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27
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Salerno EP, Bedognetti D, Mauldin IS, Deacon DH, Shea SM, Pinczewski J, Obeid JM, Coukos G, Wang E, Gajewski TF, Marincola FM, Slingluff CL. Human melanomas and ovarian cancers overexpressing mechanical barrier molecule genes lack immune signatures and have increased patient mortality risk. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1240857. [PMID: 28123876 PMCID: PMC5215363 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1240857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified eight genes whose expression in human melanoma metastases and ovarian cancers is associated with a lack of Th1 immune signatures. They encode molecules with mechanical barrier function in the skin and other normal tissues and include filaggrin (FLG), tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), and six desmosomal proteins (DST, DSC3, DSP, PPL, PKP3, and JUP). This association has been validated in an independent series of 114 melanoma metastases. In these, DST expression alone is sufficient to identify melanomas without immune signatures, while FLG and the other six putative barrier molecules are overexpressed in a different subset of melanomas lacking immune signatures. Similar associations have been identified in a set of 186 ovarian cancers. RNA-seq data from 471 melanomas and 307 ovarian cancers in the TCGA database further support these findings and also reveal that overexpression of barrier molecules is strongly associated with early patient mortality for melanoma (p = 0.0002) and for ovarian cancer (p < 0.01). Interestingly, this association persists for FLG for melanoma (p = 0.012) and ovarian cancer (p = 0.006), whereas DST overexpression is negatively associated with CD8+ gene expression, but not with patient survival. Thus, overexpression of FLG or DST identifies two distinct patient populations with low immune cell infiltration in these cancers, but with different prognostic implications for each. These data raise the possibility that molecules with mechanical barrier function in skin and other tissues may be used by cancer cells to protect them from immune cell infiltration and immune-mediated destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise P Salerno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donna H Deacon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sofia M Shea
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Pinczewski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph M Obeid
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ena Wang
- Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Craig L Slingluff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
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28
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Iglesia MD, Parker JS, Hoadley KA, Serody JS, Perou CM, Vincent BG. Genomic Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltrates Across 11 Tumor Types. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw144. [PMID: 27335052 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment has been associated with improved survival for some patients with solid tumors. The precise makeup and prognostic relevance of immune infiltrates across a broad spectrum of tumors remain unclear. METHODS Using mRNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) from 11 tumor types representing 3485 tumors, we evaluated lymphocyte and macrophage gene expression by tissue type and by genomic subtypes defined within and across tumor tissue of origin (Cox proportional hazards, Pearson correlation). We investigated clonal diversity of B-cell infiltrates through calculating B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequence diversity. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS High expression of T-cell and B-cell signatures predicted improved overall survival across many tumor types including breast, lung, and melanoma (breast CD8_T_Cells hazard ratio [HR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16 to 0.81, P = .01; lung adenocarcinoma B_Cell_60gene HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.87, P = 7.80E-04; melanoma LCK HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.94, P = 6.75E-04). Macrophage signatures predicted worse survival in GBM, as did B-cell signatures in renal tumors (Glioblastoma Multiforme [GBM]: macrophages HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.26, P = .004; renal: B_Cell_60gene HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.32, P = .009). BCR diversity was associated with survival beyond gene segment expression in melanoma (HR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.32 to 5.40, P = .02) and renal cell carcinoma (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15 to 0.87, P = .006). CONCLUSIONS These data support existing studies suggesting that in diverse tissue types, heterogeneous immune infiltrates are present and typically portend an improved prognosis. In some tumor types, BCR diversity was also associated with survival. Quantitative genomic signatures of immune cells warrant further testing as prognostic markers and potential biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Iglesia
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (MDI, JSP, KAH, JSS, CMP, BGV), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (MDI, JSP), Department of Medicine (JSS, BGV), Department of Genetics (KAH, CMP), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JSS), and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (CMP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joel S Parker
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (MDI, JSP, KAH, JSS, CMP, BGV), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (MDI, JSP), Department of Medicine (JSS, BGV), Department of Genetics (KAH, CMP), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JSS), and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (CMP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (MDI, JSP, KAH, JSS, CMP, BGV), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (MDI, JSP), Department of Medicine (JSS, BGV), Department of Genetics (KAH, CMP), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JSS), and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (CMP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (MDI, JSP, KAH, JSS, CMP, BGV), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (MDI, JSP), Department of Medicine (JSS, BGV), Department of Genetics (KAH, CMP), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JSS), and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (CMP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Charles M Perou
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (MDI, JSP, KAH, JSS, CMP, BGV), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (MDI, JSP), Department of Medicine (JSS, BGV), Department of Genetics (KAH, CMP), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JSS), and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (CMP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (MDI, JSP, KAH, JSS, CMP, BGV), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (MDI, JSP), Department of Medicine (JSS, BGV), Department of Genetics (KAH, CMP), Department of Microbiology and Immunology (JSS), and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (CMP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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29
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Flies DB, Higuchi T, Harris JC, Jha V, Gimotty PA, Adams SF. Immune checkpoint blockade reveals the stimulatory capacity of tumor-associated CD103(+) dendritic cells in late-stage ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1185583. [PMID: 27622059 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1185583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune infiltrates in ovarian cancer are associated with improved survival, the ovarian tumor environment has been characterized as immunosuppressive, due in part to functional shifts among dendritic cells with disease progression. We hypothesized that flux in dendritic cell subpopulations with cancer progression were responsible for observed differences in antitumor immune responses in early and late-stage disease. Here we identify three dendritic cell subsets with disparate functions in the ovarian tumor environment. CD11c+CD11b(-)CD103(+) dendritic cells are absent in the peritoneal cavity of healthy mice but comprise up to 40% of dendritic cells in tumor-bearing mice and retain T cell stimulatory capacity in advanced disease. Among CD11c+CD11b+ cells, Lair-1 expression distinguishes stimulatory and immunoregulatory DC subsets, which are also enriched in the tumor environment. Notably, PD-L1 is expressed by Lair-1(hi) immunoregulatory dendritic cells, and may contribute to local tumor antigen-specific T cell dysfunction. Using an adoptive transfer model, we find that PD-1 blockade enables tumor-associated CD103(+) dendritic cells to promote disease clearance. These data demonstrate that antitumor immune capacity is maintained among local dendritic cell subpopulations in the tumor environment with cancer progression. Similar dendritic cell subsets are present in malignant ascites from women with ovarian cancer, supporting the translational relevance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas B Flies
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tomoe Higuchi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jaryse C Harris
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center , Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vibha Jha
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah F Adams
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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30
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Zsiros E, Dangaj D, June CH, Kandalaft LE, Coukos G. Ovarian cancer chemokines may not be a significant barrier during whole tumor antigen dendritic-cell vaccine and adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1062210. [PMID: 27467909 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1062210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor barriers preventing T-cell homing and engraftment should be neutralized during cancer immunotherapy. We recently discovered that ovarian cancer expresses quasi-universal chemokines that can support T-cell homing. Furthermore, T cells elicited by whole tumor antigen dendritic-cell vaccines express cognate chemokine receptors which are upregulated by CD3/CD28 costimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Zsiros
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Denarda Dangaj
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl H June
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Exosomes: Emerging biomarkers and targets for ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ophir E, Bobisse S, Coukos G, Harari A, Kandalaft LE. Personalized approaches to active immunotherapy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1865:72-82. [PMID: 26241169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising anti-cancer curative modality. However, in contrast to recent advances obtained employing checkpoint blockade agents and T cell therapies, clinical efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines is still limited. Most vaccination attempts in the clinic represent "off-the shelf" approaches since they target common "self" tumor antigens, shared among different patients. In contrast, personalized approaches of vaccination are tailor-made for each patient and in spite being laborious, hold great potential. Recent technical advancement enabled the first steps in the clinic of personalized vaccines that target patient-specific mutated neo-antigens. Such vaccines could induce enhanced tumor-specific immune response since neo-antigens are mutation-derived antigens that can be recognized by high affinity T cells, not limited by central tolerance. Alternatively, the use of personalized vaccines based on whole autologous tumor cells, overcome the need for the identification of specific tumor antigens. Whole autologous tumor cells could be administered alone, pulsed on dendritic cells as lysate, DNA, RNA or delivered to dendritic cells in-vivo through encapsulation in nanoparticle vehicles. Such vaccines may provide a source for the full repertoire of the patient-specific tumor antigens, including its private neo-antigens. Furthermore, combining next-generation personalized vaccination with other immunotherapy modalities might be the key for achieving significant therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Ophir
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at the University of Lausanne, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at the University of Lausanne, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at the University of Lausanne, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at the University of Lausanne, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at the University of Lausanne, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Checkpoint Inhibitors. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:191832. [PMID: 26236750 PMCID: PMC4508475 DOI: 10.1155/2015/191832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most important cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality, with the majority of women presenting with advanced disease. Although surgery and chemotherapy can improve survival rates, it is necessary to integrate alternative strategies to improve the outcomes. Advances in understanding the role of immune system in the pathogenesis of cancer have led to the rapid evolvement of immunotherapy, which might establish a sustained immune system response against recurring cancer cells. Recently, it has emerged that powerful immunologic effector cells may be blocked by inhibitory regulatory pathways controlled by specific molecules often called “immune checkpoints,” which turn off the immune system. Similarly, cancer cells are able to use these checkpoints to avoid immune control and rejection. Inhibition of these inhibitory pathways represents a potent strategy in the fight against cancer and is currently under investigation with encouraging results in some cancers, such as melanoma. In ovarian cancer researches are still in an early phase, but with promising results. In this review we will explore the rationale of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer with a special focus on these emerging molecules.
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Overexpression of GOLPH3 protein is associated with worse prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11845-9. [PMID: 25204671 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has important roles in the pathogenesis of cancer, and overexpression of GOLPH3 has been found in several kinds of cancers. However, the relationship between GOLPH3 overexpression and prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GOLPH3 overexpression and overall survival in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression of GOLPH3 protein in tumor tissue was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Seventy-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer with the data of GOLPH3 expression and follow-up were included. GOLPH3 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced stage, histology, high grade, and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with GOLPH3 overexpression had significantly poorer overall survival than those with low expression of GOLPH3 (log-rank P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, GOLPH3 overexpression was independently associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.60; 95 % confidence interval (CI0 1.14-11.33, P = 0.03). Therefore, overexpression of GOLPH3 protein is closely related to poorer prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Tanizaki Y, Kobayashi A, Toujima S, Shiro M, Mizoguchi M, Mabuchi Y, Yagi S, Minami S, Takikawa O, Ino K. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer by inducing an immunosuppressive environment. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:966-73. [PMID: 24826982 PMCID: PMC4317851 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme that has immunoregulatory functions. Our prior study showed that tumoral IDO overexpression is involved in disease progression and impaired patient survival in human ovarian cancer, although its mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the role of IDO during the process of peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase cDNA was transfected into the murine ovarian carcinoma cell line OV2944-HM-1, establishing stable clones of IDO-overexpressing cells (HM-1-IDO). Then HM-1-IDO or control vector-transfected cells (HM-1-mock) were i.p. transplanted into syngeneic immunocompetent mice. The HM-1-IDO-transplanted mice showed significantly shortened survival compared with HM-1-mock-transplanted (control) mice. On days 11 and 14 following transplantation, the tumor weight of peritoneal dissemination and ascites volume were significantly increased in HM-1-IDO-transplanted mice compared with those of control mice. This tumor-progressive effect was coincident with significantly reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells within tumors as well as increased levels of transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10 in ascites. Finally, treatment with the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan significantly suppressed tumor dissemination and ascites with reduced transforming growth factor-β secretion. These findings showed that tumor-derived IDO promotes the peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer through suppression of tumor-infiltrating effector T cell and natural killer cell recruitment and reciprocal enhancement of immunosuppressive cytokines in ascites, creating an immunotolerogenic environment within the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, IDO may be a promising molecular target for the therapeutic strategy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tanizaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Hodi FS, Lawrence D, Lezcano C, Wu X, Zhou J, Sasada T, Zeng W, Giobbie-Hurder A, Atkins MB, Ibrahim N, Friedlander P, Flaherty KT, Murphy GF, Rodig S, Velazquez EF, Mihm MC, Russell S, DiPiro PJ, Yap JT, Ramaiya N, Van den Abbeele AD, Gargano M, McDermott D. Bevacizumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:632-42. [PMID: 24838938 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ipilimumab improves survival in advanced melanoma and can induce immune-mediated tumor vasculopathy. Besides promoting angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suppresses dendritic cell maturation and modulates lymphocyte endothelial trafficking. This study investigated the combination of CTLA4 blockade with ipilimumab and VEGF inhibition with bevacizumab. Patients with metastatic melanoma were treated in four dosing cohorts of ipilimumab (3 or 10 mg/kg) with four doses at 3-week intervals and then every 12 weeks, and bevacizumab (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks. Forty-six patients were treated. Inflammatory events included giant cell arteritis (n = 1), hepatitis (n = 2), and uveitis (n = 2). On-treatment tumor biopsies revealed activated vessel endothelium with extensive CD8(+) and macrophage cell infiltration. Peripheral blood analyses demonstrated increases in CCR7(+/-)/CD45RO(+) cells and anti-galectin antibodies. Best overall response included 8 partial responses, 22 instances of stable disease, and a disease-control rate of 67.4%. Median survival was 25.1 months. Bevacizumab influences changes in tumor vasculature and immune responses with ipilimumab administration. The combination of bevacizumab and ipilimumab can be safely administered and reveals VEGF-A blockade influences on inflammation, lymphocyte trafficking, and immune regulation. These findings provide a basis for further investigating the dual roles of angiogenic factors in blood vessel formation and immune regulation, as well as future combinations of antiangiogenesis agents and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Departments of
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xinqi Wu
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medical Oncology
| | - Jun Zhou
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medical Oncology
| | | | - Wanyong Zeng
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medical Oncology
| | | | - Michael B Atkins
- Lombardi Cancer Center Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Gargano
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medical Oncology
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Chemokine receptors in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 15:361-76. [PMID: 24384839 PMCID: PMC3907814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy with very poor rate of survival, and it is characterized by the presence of vast incurable peritoneal metastasis. Studies of the role of chemokine receptors, a family of proteins belonging to the group of G protein-coupled receptors, in ovarian carcinoma strongly placed this family of membrane receptors as major regulators of progression of this malignancy. In this review, we will discuss the roles that chemokine-receptor interactions play to support angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion in progression of ovarian carcinoma. Data regarding the role that the chemokine receptors play in the disease progression accumulated insofar strongly suggest that this family of proteins could be good therapeutic targets against ovarian carcinoma.
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Wick DA, Webb JR, Nielsen JS, Martin SD, Kroeger DR, Milne K, Castellarin M, Twumasi-Boateng K, Watson PH, Holt RA, Nelson BH. Surveillance of the tumor mutanome by T cells during progression from primary to recurrent ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:1125-34. [PMID: 24323902 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancers accumulate mutations over time, each of which brings the potential for recognition by the immune system. We evaluated T-cell recognition of the tumor mutanome in patients with ovarian cancer undergoing standard treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor-associated T cells from 3 patients with ovarian cancer were assessed by ELISPOT for recognition of nonsynonymous mutations identified by whole exome sequencing of autologous tumor. The relative levels of mutations and responding T cells were monitored in serial tumor samples collected at primary surgery and first and second recurrence. RESULTS The vast majority of mutations (78/79) were not recognized by tumor-associated T cells; however, a highly specific CD8(+) T-cell response to the mutation hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein 1 (HSDL1)(L25V) was detected in one patient. In the primary tumor, the HSDL1(L25V) mutation had low prevalence and expression, and a corresponding T-cell response was undetectable. At first recurrence, there was a striking increase in the abundance of the mutation and corresponding MHC class I epitope, and this was accompanied by the emergence of the HSDL1(L25V)-specific CD8(+) T-cell response. At second recurrence, the HSDL1(L25V) mutation and epitope continued to be expressed; however, the corresponding T-cell response was no longer detectable. CONCLUSION The immune system can respond to the evolving ovarian cancer genome. However, the T-cell response detected here was rare, was transient, and ultimately failed to prevent disease progression. These findings reveal the limitations of spontaneous tumor immunity in the setting of standard treatments and suggest a high degree of ignorance of tumor mutations that could potentially be reversed by immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin A Wick
- Authors' Affiliations: Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria; Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver; Departments of Medical Genetics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Generating an anti-tumor immune response is a multi-step process that is executed by effector T cells that can recognize and kill tumor targets. However, tumors employ multiple strategies to attenuate the effectiveness of T-cell-mediated attack. They achieve this by interfering with nearly every step required for effective immunity, from deregulation of antigen-presenting cells to establishment of a physical barrier at the vasculature that prevents homing of effector tumor-rejecting cells and the suppression of effector lymphocytes through the recruitment and activation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tolerogenic monocytes, and T regulatory cells. Here, we review the ways in which tumors exert immune suppression and highlight the new therapies that seek to reverse this phenomenon and promote anti-tumor immunity. Understanding anti-tumor immunity, and how it becomes disabled by tumors, will ultimately lead to improved immune therapies and prolonged survival of patients.
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40
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Rosanò L, Spinella F, Bagnato A. Endothelin 1 in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:637-51. [PMID: 23884378 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of autocrine and paracrine signalling by endothelin 1 (ET1) binding to its receptors elicits pleiotropic effects on tumour cells and on the host microenvironment. This activation modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, chemoresistance and neovascularization, thus providing a strong rationale for targeting ET1 receptors in cancer. In this Review, we discuss the advances in our understanding of the diverse biological roles of ET1 in cancer and describe the latest preclinical and clinical progress that has been made using small-molecule antagonists of ET1 receptors that inhibit ET1-driven signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rosanò
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
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41
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Abstract
Generating an anti-tumor immune response is a multi-step process that is executed by effector T cells that can recognize and kill tumor targets. However, tumors employ multiple strategies to attenuate the effectiveness of T-cell-mediated attack. They achieve this by interfering with nearly every step required for effective immunity, from deregulation of antigen-presenting cells to establishment of a physical barrier at the vasculature that prevents homing of effector tumor-rejecting cells and the suppression of effector lymphocytes through the recruitment and activation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tolerogenic monocytes, and T regulatory cells. Here, we review the ways in which tumors exert immune suppression and highlight the new therapies that seek to reverse this phenomenon and promote anti-tumor immunity. Understanding anti-tumor immunity, and how it becomes disabled by tumors, will ultimately lead to improved immune therapies and prolonged survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg T Motz
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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42
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Duraiswamy J, Kaluza KM, Freeman GJ, Coukos G. Dual blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 combined with tumor vaccine effectively restores T-cell rejection function in tumors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3591-603. [PMID: 23633484 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression is facilitated by regulatory T cells (Treg) and restricted by effector T cells. In this study, we document parallel regulation of CD8(+) T cells and Foxp3(+) Tregs by programmed death-1 (PD-1, PDCD1). In addition, we identify an additional role of CTL antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitory receptor in further promoting dysfunction of CD8(+) T effector cells in tumor models (CT26 colon carcinoma and ID8-VEGF ovarian carcinoma). Two thirds of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expressed PD-1, whereas one third to half of CD8(+) TIL coexpressed PD-1 and CTLA-4. Double-positive (PD-1(+)CTLA-4(+)) CD8(+) TIL had characteristics of more severe dysfunction than single-positive (PD-1(+) or CTLA-4(+)) TIL, including an inability to proliferate and secrete effector cytokines. Blockade of both PD-1 and CTLA-4 resulted in reversal of CD8(+) TIL dysfunction and led to tumor rejection in two thirds of mice. Double blockade was associated with increased proliferation of antigen-specific effector CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, antigen-specific cytokine release, inhibition of suppressive functions of Tregs, and upregulation of key signaling molecules critical for T-cell function. When used in combination with GVAX vaccination (consisting of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-expressing irradiated tumor cells), inhibitory pathway blockade induced rejection of CT26 tumors in 100% of mice and ID8-VEGF tumors in 75% of mice. Our study indicates that PD-1 signaling in tumors is required for both suppressing effector T cells and maintaining tumor Tregs, and that PD-1/PD-L1 pathway (CD274) blockade augments tumor inhibition by increasing effector T-cell activity, thereby attenuating Treg suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaikumar Duraiswamy
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Allard B, Wijkhuisen A, Borrull A, Deshayes F, Priam F, Lamourette P, Ducancel F, Boquet D, Couraud JY. Generation and characterization of rendomab-B1, a monoclonal antibody displaying potent and specific antagonism of the human endothelin B receptor. MAbs 2012; 5:56-69. [PMID: 23221682 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin B receptor (ETBR) is a G protein-coupled receptor able to bind equally to the three identified human endothelin peptides. It is expressed primarily on vascular endothelial cells and involved in various physiological processes including vascular tone homeostasis, enteric nervous system development, melanogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, overactivation or overexpression of ETBR have been associated with the development of various diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Therefore, ETBR appears to be relevant target for the therapy or diagnosis of highly prevalent human diseases. In this study, we report the in vitro characterization of rendomab-B1, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) obtained by genetic immunization, which selectively recognizes the native form of human ETBR (hETBR). Rendomab-B1 is the first-reported mAb that behaves as a potent antagonist of hETBR. It recognizes an original extracellular conformational epitope on the receptor, distinct from the endothelin-1 (ET-1) binding site. Rendomab-B1 not only blocks ET-1-induced calcium signaling pathway and triggers rapid receptor internalization on recombinant hETBR-expressing cells, but also exerts pharmacological activities on human vascular endothelial cells, reducing both cell viability and ET-1-induced hETBR synthesis. In addition, binding experiments using rendomab-B1 on different melanoma cell lines reveal the structural and functional heterogeneity of hETBR expressed at the surface of these cancer cells, strongly suggesting the existence of tumor-specific receptors. Collectively, our results underscore the value of rendomab-B1 for research, therapeutic and diagnostic applications dealing with hETBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- CEA, iBiTecS, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour Santé, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Hardwick N, Ledermann JA, Aitkens E, Chain B. Pre-clinical assessment of autologous DC-based therapy in ovarian cancer patients with progressive disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1929-39. [PMID: 22476408 PMCID: PMC4163652 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-based vaccines offer promise for therapy of ovarian cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidation of several antigens, including ovarian cancer cells, using hypochlorous acid strongly enhances their immunogenicity and their uptake and presentation by dendritic cells. The response of T cells and dendritic cells to autologous tumour from patients with active disease has not previously been investigated. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells were generated from patients with active disease and activated by co-culture with oxidised tumour cells and the TLR agonist poly I:C. The dendritic cells showed an activated phenotype, but secreted high levels of TGFβ. Co-culture of the antigen-loaded dendritic cells with autologous T cells generated a population of effector T cells that showed a low level of specific lytic activity against autologous tumour, as compared to autologous mesothelium. The addition of neutralising antibody to TGFβ in DC/T cell co-cultures increased the levels of subsequent tumour killing in three samples tested. Co-culture of monocytes from healthy volunteers with the ovarian cell line SKOV-3 prior to differentiation into dendritic cells reduced the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate cytotoxic effector cells. The study suggests that co-culture of dendritic cells with oxidised tumour cells can generate effector cells able to kill autologous tumour, but that the high tumour burden in patients with active disease may compromise dendritic cell and/or T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hardwick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC16BT UK
| | - Jonathan A. Ledermann
- UCL and UCLH Comprehensive Biomedical Research Cancer, UCL Cancer Institute, Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Egla Aitkens
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, UCL Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC16BT UK
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45
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MALDI-MS-Based Profiling of Serum Proteome: Detection of Changes Related to Progression of Cancer and Response to Anticancer Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2012; 2012:926427. [PMID: 22900176 PMCID: PMC3413974 DOI: 10.1155/2012/926427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based analyses of the low-molecular-weight fraction of serum proteome allow identifying proteome profiles (signatures) that are potentially useful in detection and classification of cancer. Several published studies have shown that multipeptide signatures selected in numerical tests have potential values for diagnostics of different types of cancer. However due to apparent problems with standardization of methodological details, both experimental and computational, none of the proposed peptide signatures analyzed directly by MALDI/SELDI-ToF spectrometry has been approved for routine diagnostics. Noteworthy, several components of proposed cancer signatures, especially those characteristic for advanced cancer, were identified as fragments of blood proteins involved in the acute phase and inflammatory response. This indicated that among cancer biomarker candidates to be possibly identified by serum proteome profiling were rather those reflecting overall influence of a disease (and the therapy) upon the human organism, than products of cancer-specific genes. Current paper focuses on changes in serum proteome that are related to response of patient's organism to progressing malignancy and toxicity of anticancer treatment. In addition, several methodological issues that affect robustness and interlaboratory reproducibility of MS-based serum proteome profiling are discussed.
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46
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Masoumi Moghaddam S, Amini A, Morris DL, Pourgholami MH. Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in growth and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:143-62. [PMID: 22101807 PMCID: PMC3350632 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis which drives endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and migration while increasing vascular permeability. Playing an important role in the physiology of normal ovaries, VEGF has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Essentially by promoting tumor angiogenesis and enhancing vascular permeability, VEGF contributes to the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis associated with malignant ascites formation, the characteristic feature of advanced ovarian cancer at diagnosis. In both experimental and clinical studies, VEGF levels have been inversely correlated with survival. Moreover, VEGF inhibition has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and ascites production and to suppress tumor invasion and metastasis. These findings have laid the basis for the clinical evaluation of agents targeting VEGF signaling pathway in patients with ovarian cancer. In this review, we will focus on VEGF involvement in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer and its contribution to the disease progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Masoumi Moghaddam
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Afshin Amini
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - David L. Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Mohammad H. Pourgholami
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
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47
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Lee YH, Kim JH, Zhou H, Kim BW, Wong DT. Salivary transcriptomic biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer: for serous papillary adenocarcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:427-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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