1
|
Stephan K, Stephens AN, Scully M, Mitsopoulos-Rubens E, Newstead SV. Outcome evaluation of the p drivers Program: Randomised controlled trial of a program to improve safe driving among novice drivers. Accid Anal Prev 2024; 201:107569. [PMID: 38615505 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, road traffic crashes are the leading cause of death for young adults. The P Drivers Project was a trial of a behavioural change program developed for, and targeted at, young Australian drivers in their initial months of solo driving when crash risk is at its highest. METHODS In a parallel group randomised controlled trial, drivers (N = 35,109) were recruited within 100 days of obtaining their probationary licence (allowing them to drive unaccompanied) and randomised to an intervention or control group. The intervention was a 3 to 6-week multi-stage driving behaviour change program (P Drivers Program). Surveys were administered at three time points (pre-Program, approximately one month post-Program and at 12 months after). The outcome evaluation employed an on-treatment analysis comprising the 2,419 intervention and 2,810 control participants who completed all required activities, comparing self-reported crashes and police-reported casualty crashes (primary outcome), infringements, self-reported attitudes and behaviours (secondary outcomes) between groups. RESULTS The P Drivers Program improved awareness of crash risk factors and intentions to drive more safely, relative to the controls; effects were maintained after 12-months. However, the Program did not reduce self-reported crashes or police-reported casualty crashes. In addition, self-reported violations, errors and risky driving behaviours increased in the intervention group compared to the control group as did recorded traffic infringements. This suggests that despite the Program increasing awareness of risky behaviour in novice drivers, behaviour did not improve. This reinforces the need to collect objective measures to accompany self-reported behaviour and intentions. CONCLUSIONS The P Drivers Program was successful in improving attitudes toward driving safety but the negative impact on behaviour, lack of effect on crashes, and the large loss to follow-up fail to support the use of a post-licensing behaviour change program to improve novice driver behaviour and reduce crashes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: 363,293 (ANZCTR, 2012).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Stephan
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - M Scully
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - E Mitsopoulos-Rubens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - S V Newstead
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stephens AN, Hobbs SJ, Kang SW, Oehler MK, Jobling TW, Allman R. ReClassification of Patients with Ambiguous CA125 for Optimised Pre-Surgical Triage. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:671. [PMID: 38611584 PMCID: PMC11011550 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-surgical clinical assessment of an adnexal mass is a complex process, and ideally requires accurate and rapid identification of disease status. Gold standard biomarker CA125 is extensively used off-label for this purpose; however its performance is typically inadequate, particularly for the detection of early stage disease and discrimination between benign versus malignant status. We recently described a multi-marker panel (MMP) and associated risk index for the differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian disease. In this study we applied a net reclassification approach to assess the use of MMP index to rescue those cases where low CA125 incorrectly excludes cancer diagnoses, or where benign disease is incorrectly assessed as "high risk" due to elevated CA125. Reclassification of such patients is of significant value to assist in the timely and accurate referral for patients where CA125 titer is uninformative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Simon J. Hobbs
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Sung-Woog Kang
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tom W. Jobling
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh East 3165, Australia;
| | - Richard Allman
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stephens AN, Hobbs SJ, Kang SW, Bilandzic M, Rainczuk A, Oehler MK, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Allman R. A Novel Predictive Multi-Marker Test for the Pre-Surgical Identification of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5267. [PMID: 37958440 PMCID: PMC10650329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal of gynecological malignancies, with the 5-year survival below 50%. Currently there is no simple and effective pre-surgical diagnosis or triage for patients with malignancy, particularly those with early-stage or low-volume tumors. Recently we discovered that CXCL10 can be processed to an inactive form in ovarian cancers and that its measurement has diagnostic significance. In this study we evaluated the addition of processed CXCL10 to a biomarker panel for the discrimination of benign from malignant disease. Multiple biomarkers were measured in retrospectively collected plasma samples (n = 334) from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant disease, and a classifier model was developed using CA125, HE4, Il6 and CXCL10 (active and total). The model provided 95% sensitivity/95% specificity for discrimination of benign from malignant disease. Positive predictive performance exceeded that of "gold standard" scoring systems including CA125, RMI and ROMA% and was independent of menopausal status. In addition, 80% of stage I-II cancers in the cohort were correctly identified using the multi-marker scoring system. Our data suggest the multi-marker panel and associated scoring algorithm provides a useful measurement to assist in pre-surgical diagnosis and triage of patients with suspected ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Simon J. Hobbs
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Sung-Woon Kang
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Bruker Pty Ltd., Preston 3072, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tom W. Jobling
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh East 3165, Australia;
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
| | - Richard Allman
- Cleo Diagnostics Ltd., Melbourne 3000, Australia; (S.J.H.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marks ZRC, Campbell NK, Mangan NE, Vandenberg CJ, Gearing LJ, Matthews AY, Gould JA, Tate MD, Wray-McCann G, Ying L, Rosli S, Brockwell N, Parker BS, Lim SS, Bilandzic M, Christie EL, Stephens AN, de Geus E, Wakefield MJ, Ho GY, McNally O, McNeish IA, Bowtell DDL, de Weerd NA, Scott CL, Bourke NM, Hertzog PJ. Interferon-ε is a tumour suppressor and restricts ovarian cancer. Nature 2023; 620:1063-1070. [PMID: 37587335 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers have low survival rates because of their late presentation with extensive peritoneal metastases and frequent chemoresistance1, and require new treatments guided by novel insights into pathogenesis. Here we describe the intrinsic tumour-suppressive activities of interferon-ε (IFNε). IFNε is constitutively expressed in epithelial cells of the fallopian tube, the cell of origin of high-grade serous ovarian cancers, and is then lost during development of these tumours. We characterize its anti-tumour activity in several preclinical models: ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts, orthotopic and disseminated syngeneic models, and tumour cell lines with or without mutations in Trp53 and Brca genes. We use manipulation of the IFNε receptor IFNAR1 in different cell compartments, differential exposure status to IFNε and global measures of IFN signalling to show that the mechanism of the anti-tumour activity of IFNε involves direct action on tumour cells and, crucially, activation of anti-tumour immunity. IFNε activated anti-tumour T and natural killer cells and prevented the accumulation and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. Thus, we demonstrate that IFNε is an intrinsic tumour suppressor in the female reproductive tract whose activities in models of established and advanced ovarian cancer, distinct from other type I IFNs, are compelling indications of potential new therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R C Marks
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole K Campbell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niamh E Mangan
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra J Vandenberg
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linden J Gearing
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodee A Gould
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgie Wray-McCann
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Le Ying
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Rosli
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natasha Brockwell
- Research Division, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Research Division, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew N Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eveline de Geus
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- Research Division, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Research Division, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kampan NC, Kartikasari AER, Deceneux C, Madondo MT, McNally OM, Flanagan KL, Aziz NA, Stephens AN, Reynolds J, Quinn MA, Plebanski M. Combining TNFR2-Expressing Tregs and IL-6 as Superior Diagnostic Biomarkers for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Masses. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030667. [PMID: 36765633 PMCID: PMC9913655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that the inclusion of immunosuppressive and inflammatory biomarkers in HGSOC patients would improve the sensitivity and specificity of the preoperative marker prediction of malignancy in patients with ovarian masses. We tested a panel of 29 soluble immune factors by multiplex bead immunoassay and 16 phenotypic T cell markers by flow cytometry in pre-treatment blood samples from 66 patients undergoing surgery for suspected ovarian cancer or ovarian cancer risk reduction. The potential diagnostic utility of all parameters was explored using Volcano plots, principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. We also assessed the effect of culturing PBMCs from 20 healthy donors in the presence of malignant ascites fluid. The combination of TNFR2+ Tregs and IL-6 in the pre-treatment blood of patients with advanced HGSOC effectively discriminated patients with benign or malignant ovarian masses. In vitro culturing of the PBMCs of healthy donors in malignant ascites promoted an increase in TNFR2-expressing Tregs, which were decreased following blockade with IL-6 or STAT3 activity. Pre-treatment serum IL-6 and peripheral blood TNFR2+ Tregs may be potential clinical biomarkers that can discriminate patients with malignant compared to benign ovarian cancer masses, and the relationship between IL-6 and TNFR2+ Treg is likely to be mediated via the STAT3 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women’s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Cyril Deceneux
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mutsa Tatenda Madondo
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Orla M. McNally
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women’s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katie Louise Flanagan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
| | - Norhaslinda A. Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - John Reynolds
- Biostatistics Consulting Platform, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Michael A. Quinn
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women’s Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wilson AL, Doran BR, Basri B, Moffitt LR, Plebanski M, Stephens AN, Bilandzic M. Abstract B040: Leader cells mediate tumor engraftment and promote immunosuppression to drive ovarian cancer progression in vivo. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.metastasis22-b040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is most frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, and is characterized by its high recurrence rate and almost-universal acquisition of chemoresistance. Metastasis of EOC is driven by heterogenous spheroids that passively disseminate throughout the peritoneal cavity, promoting tumor spread and recurrence. We previously identified a sub-population of highly motile and invasive “Leader cells” (LCs) that express the basal epithelial protein KRT14 as an absolute determinant of invasive potential. We demonstrated KRT14 knockout in EOC cells does not impact viability or proliferation, however completely ablates their ability to invade through Matrigel in 2D and 3D format in vitro. Although a role for LCs in mesothelial clearance and invasion has been established, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show a critical role for KRT14+ LCs in immunosuppression and tumor-immune privilege in vivo. In the ID8 syngeneic EOC mouse model, tumor-specific LC (KRT14) loss (LCKO) impaired ovarian intrabursal primary tumor engraftment and subsequent metastatic spread. Immune phenotyping by flow cytometry revealed that mice bearing LCKO tumors displayed decreased proportions of immunosuppressive tumor-adjacent Tregs and M2 macrophages, and improved CD8+ T-cell/Treg ratios. Conversely, forced LC-overexpression (LCOE) in EOC tumors accelerated metastasis, and promoted tumor-immune evasion via upregulated secretion of suppressive chemokines including CCL22 and CCL5. In addition to their critical role in migration and invasion, the current study provides in vivo evidence that leader cells are mediators of immune suppression in ovarian cancer. This work supports the basis that defining novel strategies to target LCs to promote anti-tumor immunity and limit metastatic progression may be a useful strategy for improved epithelial ovarian cancer therapy.
Citation Format: Amy L. Wilson, Brittany R. Doran, Bashirah Basri, Laura R. Moffitt, Magdalena Plebanski, Andrew N. Stephens, Maree Bilandzic. Leader cells mediate tumor engraftment and promote immunosuppression to drive ovarian cancer progression in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B040.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Wilson
- 1Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | | | - Bashirah Basri
- 1Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | - Laura R. Moffitt
- 1Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | | | | | - Maree Bilandzic
- 1Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martin JH, Mohammed R, Delforce SJ, Skerrett-Byrne DA, de Meaultsart CC, Almazi JG, Stephens AN, Verrills NM, Dimitriadis E, Wang Y, Lumbers ER, Pringle KG. Role of the prorenin receptor in endometrial cancer cell growth. Oncotarget 2022; 13:587-599. [PMID: 35401936 PMCID: PMC8986267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta H. Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Riazuddin Mohammed
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sarah J. Delforce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Celine Corbisier de Meaultsart
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juhura G. Almazi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Gynaecology Research Centre, The Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenie R. Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsty G. Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Delahunty R, Nguyen L, Craig S, Creighton B, Ariyaratne D, Garsed DW, Christie E, Fereday S, Andrews L, Lewis A, Limb S, Pandey A, Hendley J, Traficante N, Carvajal N, Spurdle AB, Thompson B, Parsons MT, Beshay V, Volcheck M, Semple T, Lupat R, Doig K, Yu J, Chen XQ, Marsh A, Love C, Bilic S, Beilin M, Nichols CB, Greer C, Lee YC, Gerty S, Gill L, Newton E, Howard J, Williams R, Norris C, Stephens AN, Tutty E, Smyth C, O'Connell S, Jobling T, Stewart CJR, Tan A, Fox SB, Pachter N, Li J, Ellul J, Mir Arnau G, Young MA, Gordon L, Forrest L, Harris M, Livingstone K, Hill J, Chenevix-Trench G, Cohen PA, Webb PM, Friedlander M, James P, Bowtell D, Alsop K. TRACEBACK: Testing of Historical Tubo-Ovarian Cancer Patients for Hereditary Risk Genes as a Cancer Prevention Strategy in Family Members. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2036-2047. [PMID: 35263119 PMCID: PMC9197360 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tubo-ovarian cancer (TOC) is a sentinel cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs). Identification of a PV in the first member of a family at increased genetic risk (the proband) provides opportunities for cancer prevention in other at-risk family members. Although Australian testing rates are now high, PVs in patients with TOC whose diagnosis predated revised testing guidelines might have been missed. We assessed the feasibility of detecting PVs in this population to enable genetic risk reduction in relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this pilot study, deceased probands were ascertained from research cohort studies, identification by a relative, and gynecologic oncology clinics. DNA was extracted from archival tissue or stored blood for panel sequencing of 10 risk-associated genes. Testing of deceased probands ascertained through clinic records was performed with a consent waiver. RESULTS We identified 85 PVs in 84 of 787 (11%) probands. Familial contacts of 39 of 60 (65%) deceased probands with an identified recipient (60 of 84; 71%) have received a written notification of results, with follow-up verbal contact made in 85% (33 of 39). A minority of families (n = 4) were already aware of the PV. For many (29 of 33; 88%), the genetic result provided new information and referral to a genetic service was accepted in most cases (66%; 19 of 29). Those who declined referral (4 of 29) were all male next of kin whose family member had died more than 10 years before. CONCLUSION We overcame ethical and logistic challenges to demonstrate that retrospective genetic testing to identify PVs in previously untested deceased probands with TOC is feasible. Understanding reasons for a family member's decision to accept or decline a referral will be important for guiding future TRACEBACK projects. Genetic testing of deceased patients allows identification of at-risk families for cancer prevention![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Delahunty
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Craig
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lesley Andrews
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales Australia
| | - Alexandra Lewis
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharne Limb
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Amanda B Spurdle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bryony Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael T Parsons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victoria Beshay
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mila Volcheck
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Semple
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Lupat
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth Doig
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiaan Yu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiao Qing Chen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna Marsh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sanela Bilic
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Beilin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Christina Greer
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yeh Chen Lee
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Gerty
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynette Gill
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Newton
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Howard
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Williams
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Prince of Wales Hereditary Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christie Norris
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Tutty
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney Smyth
- Monash Health Familial Cancer Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shona O'Connell
- Monash Health Familial Cancer Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Colin J R Stewart
- PathWest, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adeline Tan
- Clinipath Pathology, Osborne Park, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gisela Mir Arnau
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Young
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louisa Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura Forrest
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Jane Hill
- Ovarian Cancer Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Cohen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, St John of God Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Friedlander
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, New South Wales Australia.,Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul James
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karimnia N, Wilson AL, Green E, Matthews A, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Bilandzic M, Stephens AN. Chemoresistance is mediated by ovarian cancer leader cells in vitro. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:276. [PMID: 34470672 PMCID: PMC8408956 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Leader cells are a subset of cancer cells that coordinate the complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions required for ovarian cancer migration, invasion, tumour deposition and are negatively associated with progression-free survival and response to therapy. Emerging evidence suggests leader cells may be enriched in response to chemotherapy, underlying disease recurrence following treatment. Methods CRISPR was used to insert a bicistronic T2A-GFP cassette under the native KRT14 (leader cell) promoter. 2D and 3D drug screens were completed in the presence of chemotherapies used in ovarian cancer management. Leader cell; proliferative (Ki67); and apoptotic status (Cleaved Caspase 3) were defined by live cell imaging and flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR defined “stemness” profiles. Proliferation was assessed on the xCELLigence real time cell analyser. Statistical Analysis was performed using unpaired non-parametric t-tests or one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc. Results Leader cells represent a transcriptionally plastic subpopulation of ovarian cancer cells that arise independently of cell division or DNA replication, and exhibit a “stemness” profile that does not correlate with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Chemotherapeutics increased apoptosis-resistant leader cells in vitro, who retained motility and expressed known chemo-resistance markers including ALDH1, Twist and CD44v6. Functional impairment of leader cells restored chemosensitivity, with leader cell-deficient lines failing to recover following chemotherapeutic intervention. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that ovarian cancer leader cells are resistant to a diverse array of chemotherapeutic agents, and are likely to play a critical role in the recurrence of chemo-resistant disease as drivers of poor treatment outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02086-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Karimnia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Amy L Wilson
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Emma Green
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Amelia Matthews
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Thomas W Jobling
- Monash Medical Centre, Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Monash Health, Moorabbin, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moody R, Wilson K, Kampan NC, McNally OM, Jobling TW, Jaworowski A, Stephens AN, Plebanski M. Mapping Epitopes Recognised by Autoantibodies Shows Potential for the Diagnosis of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Monitoring Response to Therapy for This Malignancy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164201. [PMID: 34439354 PMCID: PMC8392293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most women are diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) at stage III, when the cancer has already spread, contributing to poor survival outcomes. However, while earlier diagnosis increases survival rates, there is a lack of early diagnosis biomarkers. Previously, autoantibodies specific for phosphorylated heat shock factor 1 (HSF1-PO4) were suggested as a potential diagnostic biomarker for early-stage HGSOC. In the present study, specific regions within HSF1 were identified, tested and confirmed as useful biomarkers, with comparable diagnostic potential to the full protein, across two separate clinical cohorts. Additionally, antibody responses to HSF1-PO4 and the corresponding peptides were found to increase following a round of standard first-line chemotherapy. Together, our data suggest that the identified short peptide sequences could be used as practical alternatives to support early diagnosis or monitor responses to chemotherapy. Abstract Autoantibodies recognising phosphorylated heat shock factor 1 (HSF1-PO4) protein are suggested as potential new diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We predicted in silico B-cell epitopes in human and murine HSF1. Three epitope regions were synthesised as peptides. Circulating immunoglobulin A (cIgA) against the predicted peptide epitopes or HSF1-PO4 was measured using ELISA, across two small human clinical trials of HGSOC patients at diagnosis. To determine whether chemotherapy would promote changes in reactivity to either HSF1-PO4 or the HSF-1 peptide epitopes, IgA responses were further assessed in a sample of patients after a full cycle of chemotherapy. Anti-HSF1-PO4 responses correlated with antibody responses to the three selected epitope regions, regardless of phosphorylation, with substantial cross-recognition of the corresponding human and murine peptide epitope variants. Assessing reactivity to individual peptide epitopes, compared to HSF1-PO4, improved assay sensitivity. IgA responses to HSF1-PO4 further increased significantly post treatment, indicating that HSF1-PO4 is a target for immunity in response to chemotherapy. Although performed in a small cohort, these results offer potential insights into the interplay between autoimmunity and ovarian cancer and offer new peptide biomarkers for early-stage HGSOC diagnosis, to monitor responses to chemotherapy, and widely for pre-clinical HGSOC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiane Moody
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (K.W.); (A.J.)
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (K.W.); (A.J.)
| | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Orla M. McNally
- Gynaeoncology Unit, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh East, VIC 3165, Australia;
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (K.W.); (A.J.)
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (K.W.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang SW, Rainczuk A, Oehler MK, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Active Ratio Test (ART) as a Novel Diagnostic for Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061048. [PMID: 34200333 PMCID: PMC8230042 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite substantial effort, there remains a lack of biomarker-based, clinically relevant testing for the accurate, non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic profiling of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). Our previous work demonstrated that whilst the inflammatory marker C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) has prognostic relevance in ovarian cancer, its use is complicated by the presence of multiple, N-terminally modified variants, mediated by several enzymes including Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4). Methods: In this study, we provide the first evidence for the “Active Ratio Test” (ART) as a novel method to measure biologically relevant CXCL10 proteoforms in clinical samples. Results: In a cohort of 275 patients, ART accurately differentiated patients with malignant EOCs from those with benign gynaecological conditions (AUC 0.8617) and significantly out-performed CA125 alone. Moreover, ART combined with the measurement of CA125 and DPP4 significantly increased prognostic performance (AUC 0.9511; sensitivity 90.0%; specificity 91.7%; Cohen’s d > 1) for EOC detection. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that ART provides a useful method to accurately discriminate between patients with benign versus malignant EOC, and highlights their relevance to ovarian cancer diagnosis. This marker combination may also be applicable in broader screening applications, to identify or discriminate benign from malignant disease in asymptomatic women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woog Kang
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Bruker Pty Ltd., Preston 3072, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh East 3165, Australia;
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wilson AL, Moffitt LR, Wilson KL, Bilandzic M, Wright MD, Gorrell MD, Oehler MK, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. DPP4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Enhances Lymphocyte Recruitment and Prolongs Survival in a Syngeneic Ovarian Cancer Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030487. [PMID: 33513866 PMCID: PMC7865851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of immunity in the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is well established. Poor T-cell infiltration is associated with mortality in EOC patients, and recent evidence has suggested that the enzyme DPP4 plays a role in this process. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of the clinically-approved DPP4-inhibitor sitagliptin to improve immune responses in mice with EOC. We showed that sitagliptin improved CD8+ T-cell responses in an EOC mouse model, consequently reducing metastatic burden and prolonging survival. These data provide a rationale for the use of DPP4-inhibitors as a second-line treatment for EOC. Abstract Immunity plays a key role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression with a well-documented correlation between patient survival and high intratumoral CD8+ to T regulatory cell (Treg) ratios. We previously identified dysregulated DPP4 activity in EOCs as a potentially immune-disruptive influence contributing to a reduction in CXCR3-mediated T-cell infiltration in solid tumours. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of DPP4 activity by sitagliptin, an FDA-approved inhibitor, would improve T-cell infiltration and function in a syngeneic ID8 mouse model of EOC. Daily oral sitagliptin at 50 mg/kg was provided to mice with established primary EOCs. Sitagliptin treatment decreased metastatic tumour burden and significantly increased overall survival and was associated with significant changes to the immune landscape. Sitagliptin increased overall CXCR3-mediated CD8+ T-cell trafficking to the tumour and enhanced the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T-cells in tumour tissue and the peritoneal cavity. Substantial reductions in suppressive cytokines, including CCL2, CCL17, CCL22 and IL-10, were also noted and were associated with reduced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg recruitment in the tumour. Combination therapy with paclitaxel, however, typical of standard-of-care for patients in palliative care, abolished CXCR3-specific T-cell recruitment stimulated by sitagliptin. Our data suggest that sitagliptin may be suitable as an adjunct therapy for patients between chemotherapy cycles as a novel approach to enhance immunity, optimise T-cell-mediated function and improve overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Laura R. Moffitt
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsty L. Wilson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia;
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (A.L.W.); (L.R.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang EY, Cheasley D, LePage C, Wakefield MJ, da Cunha Torres M, Rowley S, Salazar C, Xing Z, Allan P, Bowtell DDL, Mes-Masson AM, Provencher DM, Rahimi K, Kelemen LE, Fasching PA, Doherty JA, Goodman MT, Goode EL, Deen S, Pharoah PDP, Brenton JD, Sieh W, Mateoiu C, Sundfeldt K, Cook LS, Le ND, Anglesio MS, Gilks CB, Huntsman DG, Kennedy CJ, Traficante N, DeFazio A, Kaufmann S, Churchman M, Gourley C, Stephens AN, Meagher NS, Ramus SJ, Antill YC, Campbell I, Scott CL, Köbel M, Gorringe KL. Refined cut-off for TP53 immunohistochemistry improves prediction of TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors: implications for outcome analyses. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:194-206. [PMID: 32724153 PMCID: PMC9704519 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations are implicated in the progression of mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT) to mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC). Optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TP53 has been established as a proxy for the TP53 mutation status in other ovarian tumor types. We aimed to confirm the ability of TP53 IHC to predict TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors and to evaluate the association of TP53 mutation status with survival among patients with MBOT and MOC. Tumor tissue from an initial cohort of 113 women with MBOT/MOC was stained with optimized IHC for TP53 using tissue microarrays (75.2%) or full sections (24.8%) and interpreted using established criteria as normal or abnormal (overexpression, complete absence, or cytoplasmic). Cases were considered concordant if abnormal IHC staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutations. Discordant tissue microarray cases were re-evaluated on full sections and interpretational criteria were refined. The initial cohort was expanded to a total of 165 MBOT and 424 MOC for the examination of the association of survival with TP53 mutation status, assessed either by TP53 IHC and/or sequencing. Initially, 82/113 (72.6%) cases were concordant using the established criteria. Refined criteria for overexpression to account for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation improved concordance to 93.8% (106/113). In the expanded cohort, 19.4% (32/165) of MBOT showed evidence for TP53 mutation and this was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, disease-specific death, and all-cause mortality (overall survival: HR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-14.3, p = 0.0087). Within MOC, 61.1% (259/424) harbored a TP53 mutation, but this was not associated with survival (overall survival, p = 0.77). TP53 IHC is an accurate proxy for TP53 mutation status with refined interpretation criteria accounting for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation in ovarian mucinous tumors. TP53 mutation status is an important biomarker to identify MBOT with a higher risk of mortality.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Australia
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/mortality
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/therapy
- North America
- Observer Variation
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Reproducibility of Results
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- United Kingdom
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dane Cheasley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecile LePage
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle da Cunha Torres
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone Rowley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolina Salazar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhongyue Xing
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Prue Allan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane M Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention and Genetics Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suha Deen
- Department of Histopathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Constantina Mateoiu
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda S Cook
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine J Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Churchman
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nicola S Meagher
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan J Ramus
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yoland C Antill
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
- Frankston Hospital, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moffitt LR, Bilandzic M, Wilson AL, Chen Y, Gorrell MD, Oehler MK, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Hypoxia Regulates DPP4 Expression, Proteolytic Inactivation, and Shedding from Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218110. [PMID: 33143089 PMCID: PMC7672561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of ovarian cancer has not significantly changed in decades and it remains one of the most lethal malignancies in women. The serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays key roles in metabolism and immunity, and its expression has been associated with either pro- or anti-tumour effects in multiple tumour types. In this study, we provide the first evidence that DPP4 expression and enzyme activity are uncoupled under hypoxic conditions in ovarian cancer cells. Whilst we identified strong up-regulation of DPP4 mRNA expression under hypoxic growth, the specific activity of secreted DPP4 was paradoxically decreased. Further investigation revealed matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-dependent inactivation and proteolytic shedding of DPP4 from the cell surface, mediated by at least MMP10 and MMP13. This is the first report of uncoupled DPP4 expression and activity in ovarian cancer cells, and suggests a previously unrecognized, cell- and tissue-type-dependent mechanism for the regulation of DPP4 in solid tumours. Further studies are necessary to identify the functional consequences of DPP4 processing and its potential prognostic or therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Moffitt
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Amy L. Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yiqian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia;
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.R.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.W.); (Y.C.)
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8572-2686
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Weiland F, Lokman NA, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Jobling T, Stephens AN, Sundfeldt K, Hoffmann P, Oehler MK. Ovarian Blood Sampling Identifies Junction Plakoglobin as a Novel Biomarker of Early Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1767. [PMID: 33102207 PMCID: PMC7545354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Early detection would improve survival, but an effective diagnostic test does not exist. Novel biomarkers for early ovarian cancer diagnosis are therefore warranted. We performed intraoperative blood sampling from ovarian veins of stage I epithelial ovarian carcinomas and analyzed the serum proteome. Junction plakoglobin (JUP) was found to be elevated in venous blood from ovaries with malignancies when compared to those with benign disease. Peripheral plasma JUP levels were validated by ELISA in a multicenter international patient cohort. JUP was significantly increased in FIGO serous stage IA+B (1.97-fold increase; p < 0.001; n = 20), serous stage I (2.09-fold increase; p < 0.0001; n = 40), serous stage II (1.81-fold increase, p < 0.001, n = 23) and serous stage III ovarian carcinomas (1.98-fold increase; p < 0.0001; n = 34) vs. normal controls (n = 109). JUP plasma levels were not increased in early stage breast cancer (p = 0.122; n = 12). In serous ovarian cancer patients, JUP had a sensitivity of 85% in stage IA+B and 60% in stage IA-C, with specificities of 76 and 94%, respectively. A logistic regression model of JUP and Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) revealed a sensitivity of 70% for stage IA+B and 75% for stage IA-C serous carcinomas at 100% specificity. Our novel ovarian blood sampling – proteomics approach identified JUP as a promising new biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer, which in combination with CA125 might fulfill the test criteria for ovarian cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weiland
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology (EFBT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Jobling
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Sundfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stephens AN, O'Hern S, Koppel S. The specificity of cyclists' aggression; examination of the cycling anger expression inventory across different recipient road user groups. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 146:105750. [PMID: 32932019 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While cyclist aggression is relatively rare, it has been associated with increased crash risk. Previous measures of cyclist aggression have not taken into consideration who the recipient of the aggression may be; this is likely to differ across road user types. The aim of this study was to understand if cyclists' aggression differs according to whether the recipient is a driver, pedestrian or another cyclist. To examine this, 1206 cyclists (males = 75 %; age range 18-80 years; M = 47.35 ± 11.81) completed the Cycling Anger Expression Inventory (CAX; Møller and Haustein, 2017) three times; once for each road user type. Respondents also provided information regarding their cycling anger tendencies. Open text responses regarding sources of, and responses to, anger were also sought. The measurement invariance of the three CAX models was examined to determine whether the items were interpreted in a similar manner for interactions with each road user type and to compare latent factor means. The results showed that verbal aggression was not the same across road users. However, adaptive constructive ways of dealing with anger were similar across the three types of recipients. Comparison of latent means showed that cyclists reported higher expressions of anger toward drivers than cyclists or pedestrians. Qualitative analysis of the text responses suggest this is due to the perceived risk posed by drivers combined with positive attitudes expressed towards sharing infrastructure with pedestrians and other cyclists. Based on these findings it was concluded that: i) the CAX might best be used with reference to drivers, rather than "road users", and ii) while aggression in cyclists is rare, it is more common toward drivers than other road users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - S O'Hern
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia; Monash Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stephens AN, O'Hern S, Young KL, Chambers R, Hassed C, Koppel S. Self-reported mindfulness, cyclist anger and aggression. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 144:105625. [PMID: 32526500 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anger is a common behaviour exhibited by road users when one's goals are perceived to have been blocked by another. Recent research has demonstrated that, generally, cyclists tend to deal with anger in constructive ways. However, when anger does manifest, it can result in behaviours that increase their crash risk. Amongst motor vehicle drivers, mindfulness levels have been associated with less anger and appear to mediate anger and associated aggression. The current study sought to understand whether mindfulness has similar associations with anger and aggression in a sample of cyclists. A total of 583 cyclists (males = 68 %) completed an online questionnaire that sought information on their levels of mindfulness, current mindfulness practices and tendencies for anger and aggression while cycling. The relationships between these were then examined using structural equation modelling. The results showed that cyclists with higher mindfulness levels tended to report less anger across a range of situations (e.g., interactions with pedestrians, cyclists, motor vehicle drivers and police). Both direct and indirect (through anger) relationships were found between mindfulness and aggression, again showing that more mindful cyclists tended to engage in less frequent aggression. These findings align with recent research investigating this relationship amongst motor vehicle drivers and suggest that mindfulness may be a promising strategy to reduce or avoid anger and aggression in cyclists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - S O'Hern
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, & Monash Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - K L Young
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Chambers
- Campus Community Division, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Hassed
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Moffitt LR, Wilson AL, Basri B, Wilson KL, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Abstract 5547: Synergistic action of sitagliptin and checkpoint inhibition for ovarian cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and treatment options have not improved in decades. Whilst ovarian tumors have an immune-mediated component, emerging immunotherapies (e.g. anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1) have failed to achieve robust clinical response for ovarian cancer patients. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve survival rates in women, particularly those with recurrent, chemoresistant disease. In an ongoing study we are investigating the repurposing of sitagliptin, an anti-diabetes drug, as a novel immunomodulatory therapy in ovarian cancer. Ovarian tumors were generated in C57BL/6 wild-type mice by intrabursal implantation of ID8 murine ovarian cancer cells. Following the formation of primary tumors (~2 weeks), mice received a daily oral dose of sitagliptin (50mg/kg) until ethical endpoint. Anti-tumor immune responses were examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining according to tumor stage. Mice were assessed for overall survival compared to paclitaxel chemotherapy as standard-of-care. Daily sitagliptin treatment increased circulating Teff:Treg cell ratios in the blood, peritoneal fluid and tumor tissue at an early stage, and this was sustained throughout disease. Sitagliptin also enhanced T effector cell activation and proliferation, indicating that increased Teff:Treg ratios were a positive indicator of the anti-tumor immune response. Treatment with sitagliptin alone increased median survival time by 27% compared to both untreated controls and paclitaxel as standard-of-care, suggesting a beneficial effect mediated by anti-tumor immune responses. Of particular interest, sitagliptin treatment specifically increased the percentage of CXCR3+ T effector cells in the peritoneal cavity. Recent data has suggested that CXCR3+ T cells are functionally required for immune checkpoint inhibitors to exert efficacy. Thus, we hypothesize that sitagliptin may enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in ovarian cancers. Our ongoing studies are investigating the combination of sitagliptin with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, as a rational approach to improving their efficacy in ovarian cancers. These studies will identify a clinically relevant and directly translatable approach to improve prognosis for ovarian cancer patients.
Citation Format: Laura R. Moffitt, Amy L. Wilson, Bashirah Basri, Kirsty L. Wilson, Magdalena Plebanski, Andrew N. Stephens. Synergistic action of sitagliptin and checkpoint inhibition for ovarian cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5547.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L. Wilson
- 2Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karimnia N, Bilandzic M, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Abstract 6338: High-throughput screening program to target ovarian cancer leader cells. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-6338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite its relatively low incidence ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, characterized by high recurrence rate following primary therapy and almost universal acquisition of chemoresistance. Recently, we identified a subpopulation of “Leader Cells” (LCs) that control invasion, progression and acquired chemoresistance. Therapies targeting leader cells are likely to be pivotal to improving prognosis, particularly in patients who are refractory to standard-of-care. To investigate the role of LCs in chemoresistance, we used CRISPR to integrate an in-frame T2A-GFP expression cassette downstream of the native LC marker gene, Keratin 14 (KRT14). Genomic integration drives the LC specific expression of GFP, facilitating visualization and quantitative tracking of the LC subset. The status of GFP as a surrogate marker of LCs in vitro was confirmed by immunostaining and expression analyses. Chemotherapeutic intervention studies and co-staining with the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase 3, demonstrated a significant enrichment of LCs that represent a non-apoptotic subset of cells resistant to standard chemotherapy. High-throughput drug screening, combining large functional drug libraries with high-throughput viability and invasion assays, was used to identify drugs that could inhibit LC function in vitro. Ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and COV362.4 expressing KRT14-T2A-GFP) were screened against 1450 FDA-approved drugs, and 218 hits identified that inhibited LC viability, invasive capacity or both. Amongst the hits that we identified, the neural signaling pathway emerged as a potential novel mediator for LC function. Further validation experiments confirmed that inhibition of the neural signaling pathway did not affect viability but synergized with chemotherapy to reduce cisplatin IC50 by 10-20-fold. Our data demonstrate that the high-throughput screen developed is a viable approach to identify opportunities for drug repurposing. Moreover, the neural signaling pathway appears to be important in LC function and inhibiting this pathway results in increased sensitivity to chemotherapy in vitro. Ongoing work will evaluate the applicability of this new tool for clinical screening programs, and further, validate existing drugs for potential repurposing.
Citation Format: Nazanin Karimnia, Maree Bilandzic, Magdalena Plebanski, Andrew N. Stephens. High-throughput screening program to target ovarian cancer leader cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6338.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wilson AL, Wilson KL, Bilandzic M, Moffitt LR, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Abstract B69: Noninvasive tumor tracking and characterization of stage-specific immunity in a syngeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-b69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with high levels of relapse and acquired chemoresistance. Immunity clearly plays a role in ovarian tumor growth, but the inability to accurately correlate progression with stage-specific changes in immunity—both over time and in response to therapy—has hampered our understanding of antitumor immune responses. There is a clear need for improved methods to accurately model and monitor ovarian cancer progression and study its interplay with immunity in vivo. We have generated and characterized an ovarian cancer mouse model allowing noninvasive, real-time tumor imaging with stage-specific tracking of progression over time. Using CRISPR, we integrated the near infra-red phytochrome iRFP720 into the ROSA26 locus of ID8 mouse ovarian cancer cells, and intrabursally implanted these into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Noninvasive fluorescence imaging was correlated with post-mortem tumor deposition, and immune populations were assessed at each stage to link immune status with disease progression. Finally, we tested whether this model could be used to monitor therapeutic responses in vivo in real time. Fluorescence imaging accurately identified four distinct stages of cancer progression; (i) primary tumor establishment and growth over 3 weeks; (ii) initial dissemination; (iii) development and expansion of multiple metastases; and (iv) end-stage accumulation of peritoneal ascites. These observations were validated post-mortem. Weight and circumference increase, the standard parameters for tumor burden, did not occur until extensive disease dissemination (week 8), demonstrating their inadequacy for early tumor monitoring. There were no significant differences in immune populations between wild-type and iRFP+ tumor-bearing mice by flow cytometry, indicating iRFP expression by itself does not alter immune profiles. Tumor progression, by contrast, was clearly correlated with decreased frequencies of T-helper 1 (Th1) cells, increased Th2 cells, and a stage-specific decrease in Teff:Treg cell ratios in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment with paclitaxel reduced the tumor volume detected by fluorescence, with tumor recurrence over time. Moreover, paclitaxel depleted peritoneal CD8+ Teff cells, dendritic cells and Th1 cells. Our data demonstrate the effective use of noninvasive fluorescence imaging to discretely stage and quantify ovarian tumor progression, and to correlate therapeutic responses in real time. Moreover, the model mimics the progression of human disease, despite lacking genetic equivalence to human ovarian cancer, and hence has utility for the stage-specific analysis of immune-mediated function.
Citation Format: Amy L. Wilson, Kirsty L. Wilson, Maree Bilandzic, Laura R. Moffitt, Magdalena Plebanski, Andrew N. Stephens. Noninvasive tumor tracking and characterization of stage-specific immunity in a syngeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B69.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maree Bilandzic
- 2Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gorringe KL, Cheasley D, Wakefield MJ, Ryland GL, Allan PE, Alsop K, Amarasinghe KC, Ananda S, Bowtell DDL, Christie M, Chiew YE, Churchman M, DeFazio A, Fereday S, Gilks CB, Gourley C, Hadley AM, Hendley J, Hunter SM, Kaufmann SH, Kennedy CJ, Köbel M, Le Page C, Li J, Lupat R, McNally OM, McAlpine JN, Pyman J, Rowley SM, Salazar C, Saunders H, Semple T, Stephens AN, Thio N, Torres MC, Traficante N, Zethoven M, Antill YC, Campbell IG, Scott CL. Therapeutic options for mucinous ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 156:552-560. [PMID: 31902686 PMCID: PMC7056511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is an uncommon ovarian cancer histotype that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Although long overall survival outcomes can occur with early detection and optimal surgical resection, recurrent and advanced disease are associated with extremely poor survival. There are no current guidelines specifically for the systemic management of recurrent MOC. We analyzed data from a large cohort of women with MOC to evaluate the potential for clinical utility from a range of systemic agents. METHODS We analyzed gene copy number (n = 191) and DNA sequencing data (n = 184) from primary MOC to evaluate signatures of mismatch repair deficiency and homologous recombination deficiency, and other genetic events. Immunohistochemistry data were collated for ER, CK7, CK20, CDX2, HER2, PAX8 and p16 (n = 117-166). RESULTS Molecular aberrations noted in MOC that suggest a match with current targeted therapies include amplification of ERBB2 (26.7%) and BRAF mutation (9%). Observed genetic events that suggest potential efficacy for agents currently in clinical trials include: KRAS/NRAS mutations (66%), TP53 missense mutation (49%), RNF43 mutation (11%), ARID1A mutation (10%), and PIK3CA/PTEN mutation (9%). Therapies exploiting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may not be effective in MOC, as only 1/191 had a high HRD score. Mismatch repair deficiency was similarly rare (1/184). CONCLUSIONS Although genetically diverse, MOC has several potential therapeutic targets. Importantly, the lack of response to platinum-based therapy observed clinically corresponds to the lack of a genomic signature associated with HRD, and MOC are thus also unlikely to respond to PARP inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie L Gorringe
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dane Cheasley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Prue E Allan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sumitra Ananda
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Churchman
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Charlie Gourley
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Orla M McNally
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Jan Pyman
- Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niko Thio
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Yoland C Antill
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Australia; Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sullman MJM, Stephens AN, Taylor JE. Multigroup invariance of the DAS across a random and an internet-sourced sample. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 131:137-145. [PMID: 31255799 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that angry and, subsequently, aggressive drivers pose a problem for road safety. Over recent years, there has been an increase in the number of published studies examining driver anger, particularly using the Driving Anger Scale (DAS). The DAS measures six broad types of situations likely to provoke anger while driving (i.e., police presence, illegal driving, discourtesy, traffic obstructions, slower drivers, and hostile gestures). The majority of the recent studies have moved away from traditional paper-and-pencil methodologies, using the internet to collect data, for reasons of convenience. However, it is not yet completely clear whether data obtained from this methodology differs from more traditional methods. While research outside of the driving arena has not found substantial differences, it is important to establish whether this also applies to driving-related research and measures, such as the DAS. The present study used Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) to investigate the invariance of the DAS across a random sample from the electoral roll (n = 1,081: males = 45%) and an internet sourced sample (n = 627; males = 55%). The MGCFA showed the same six-factor solution was supported in both datasets. The relationships between the DAS factors and age, sex, trait anger, and annual mileage were broadly similar, although more significant differences were identified in the internet sample. This research demonstrates that driving measures administered over the internet produce similar results to those obtained using more traditional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J M Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - J E Taylor
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheasley D, Wakefield MJ, Ryland GL, Allan PE, Alsop K, Amarasinghe KC, Ananda S, Anglesio MS, Au-Yeung G, Böhm M, Bowtell DDL, Brand A, Chenevix-Trench G, Christie M, Chiew YE, Churchman M, DeFazio A, Demeo R, Dudley R, Fairweather N, Fedele CG, Fereday S, Fox SB, Gilks CB, Gourley C, Hacker NF, Hadley AM, Hendley J, Ho GY, Hughes S, Hunstman DG, Hunter SM, Jobling TW, Kalli KR, Kaufmann SH, Kennedy CJ, Köbel M, Le Page C, Li J, Lupat R, McNally OM, McAlpine JN, Mes-Masson AM, Mileshkin L, Provencher DM, Pyman J, Rahimi K, Rowley SM, Salazar C, Samimi G, Saunders H, Semple T, Sharma R, Sharpe AJ, Stephens AN, Thio N, Torres MC, Traficante N, Xing Z, Zethoven M, Antill YC, Scott CL, Campbell IG, Gorringe KL. The molecular origin and taxonomy of mucinous ovarian carcinoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3935. [PMID: 31477716 PMCID: PMC6718426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a unique subtype of ovarian cancer with an uncertain etiology, including whether it genuinely arises at the ovary or is metastatic disease from other organs. In addition, the molecular drivers of invasive progression, high-grade and metastatic disease are poorly defined. We perform genetic analysis of MOC across all histological grades, including benign and borderline mucinous ovarian tumors, and compare these to tumors from other potential extra-ovarian sites of origin. Here we show that MOC is distinct from tumors from other sites and supports a progressive model of evolution from borderline precursors to high-grade invasive MOC. Key drivers of progression identified are TP53 mutation and copy number aberrations, including a notable amplicon on 9p13. High copy number aberration burden is associated with worse prognosis in MOC. Our data conclusively demonstrate that MOC arise from benign and borderline precursors at the ovary and are not extra-ovarian metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Prue E Allan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sumitra Ananda
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
| | | | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maret Böhm
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Brand
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Michael Christie
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Churchman
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Demeo
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Clare G Fedele
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Charlie Gourley
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Orla M McNally
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Diane M Provencher
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jan Pyman
- Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington, Australia
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Goli Samimi
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | | | - Ragwha Sharma
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Niko Thio
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Yoland C Antill
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Australia
- Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bilandzic M, Rainczuk A, Green E, Fairweather N, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Keratin-14 (KRT14) Positive Leader Cells Mediate Mesothelial Clearance and Invasion by Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091228. [PMID: 31443478 PMCID: PMC6769856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis is driven by spheroids, which are heterogeneous cancer cell aggregates released from the primary tumour mass that passively disseminate throughout the peritoneal cavity to promote tumour spread, disease recurrence, and acquired chemoresistance. Despite their clinical importance, the molecular events that control spheroid attachment and invasion into underlying healthy tissues remain poorly understood. We examined a novel in vitro invasion model using imaging mass spectrometry to establish a “snapshot” of the spheroid/mesothelial interface. Amongst numerous adhesion-related proteins, we identified a sub-population of highly motile, invasive cells that expressed the basal epithelial marker KRT14 as an absolute determinant of invasive potential. The loss of KRT14 completely abrogated the invasive capacity, but had no impact on cell viability or proliferation, suggesting an invasion-specific role. Our data demonstrate KRT14 cells as an ovarian cancer “leader cell” phenotype underlying tumor invasion, and suggest their importance as a clinically relevant target in directed anti-tumour therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maree Bilandzic
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Bruker Biosciences Pty Ltd., Preston 3078, Australia
| | - Emma Green
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Nicole Fairweather
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Moorabbin 3189, Australia
| | - Thomas W Jobling
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Moorabbin 3189, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hill T, Sullman MJM, Stephens AN. Mobile phone involvement, beliefs, and texting while driving in Ukraine. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 125:124-131. [PMID: 30743175 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that using a mobile phone whilst driving is one of the biggest contributors to driver distraction, which in turn increases the risk of motor vehicle collisions. Whilst most of the developed countries have been trying to deter this behaviour through legislation, enforcement and educational campaigns, in Ukraine, where the road fatality rate is the highest in Europe, this issue has only recently become publicised. The present study examined psychological factors that are associated with hand-held mobile phone use while driving among a sample of Ukrainian drivers, in particular writing or reading a text message while driving. This included drivers' behavioural, normative, and control beliefs relating to mobile phone use while driving, as well as the degree to which using a mobile phone is integral to one's everyday life (measured using the Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire; MPIQ). Almost one quarter to one third of the sample reported using their phone on a daily basis to write (22.2%) or read (38.2%) text messages while driving. A binary logistic regression showed that gender, higher MPIQ scores, perceived approval from family members, lower perceived likelihood of receiving traffic fines and less demanding traffic conditions were all significantly associated with mobile phone use while driving. These results suggest that dependence upon a mobile phone in everyday life may be an important factor to consider when developing interventions to reduce hand-held mobile phone use while driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hill
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, UK.
| | - M J M Sullman
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kampan NC, Xiang SD, McNally OM, Stephens AN, Quinn MA, Plebanski M. Immunotherapeutic Interleukin-6 or Interleukin-6 Receptor Blockade in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:4785-4806. [PMID: 28707587 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170712160621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic activity is a central player in chronic inflammatory diseases including cancers. Therefore, blockade of the IL-6 signalling pathway has become a target for the therapy of diverse cancers such as multicentric Castleman's disease (CD), multiple myeloma and solid tumours including renal, prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancers. Monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 (Siltuximab) and the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) (Tocilizumab) have emerged as potential immunotherapies, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Human trials have demonstrated the ability to block IL-6 activity and in multicentric CD lead to durable clinical response and longer disease stabilisation. However, the efficacy of these treatments is still debatable for other cancers. New generation therapeutics in development such as Clazakizumab, Sarilumab, and soluble gp130-Fc have the additional features of improved binding affinity, better specificity with reduced adverse effects. A deeper understanding of the immunological basis of these agents, as well as of the challenges that are faced by immunotherapy-based products in clinical trials, will help select the most promising anti-IL-6/IL-6R therapies for large scale use. Concurrently, current research efforts to personalize treatments may help in the treatment of patients that would greatly benefit from IL-6 blocking therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne 3181, VIC, Australia.,Gynae-oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sue D Xiang
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne 3181, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| | - Orla M McNally
- Gynae-oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael A Quinn
- Gynae-oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred, Commercial Road, Melbourne 3181, VIC, Australia.,Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wilson AL, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. New Trends in Anti-Cancer Therapy: Combining Conventional Chemotherapeutics with Novel Immunomodulators. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:4758-4784. [PMID: 28875845 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170830094922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and current research has focused on the discovery of novel approaches to effectively treat this disease. Recently, a considerable number of clinical trials have demonstrated the success of immunomodulatory therapies for the treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies can target components of the immune system to either i) agonise co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD137, OX40 and CD40; or ii) inhibit immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its corresponding ligand PD-L1. Although tumour regression is the outcome for some patients following immunotherapy, many patients still do not respond. Furthermore, chemotherapy has been the standard of care for most cancers, but the immunomodulatory capacity of these drugs has only recently been uncovered. The ability of chemotherapy to modulate the immune system through a variety of mechanisms, including immunogenic cell death (ICD), increased antigen presentation and depletion of regulatory immune cells, highlights the potential for synergism between conventional chemotherapy and novel immunotherapy. In addition, recent pre-clinical trials indicate dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) enzyme inhibition, an enzyme that can regulate immune cell trafficking to the tumour microenvironment, as a novel cancer therapy. The present review focuses on the current immunological approaches for the treatment of cancer, and summarizes clinical trials in the field of immunotherapy as a single treatment and in combination with chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao Q, Xiang SD, Wilson K, Madondo M, Stephens AN, Plebanski M. Sperm Protein 17 Expression by Murine Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells and Its Impact on Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080276. [PMID: 30127274 PMCID: PMC6115966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer testis antigen sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a promising antigenic target in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) vaccine development. However, its role in ovarian cancer is unclear. We isolated and expanded Sp17+ and Sp17− clones from the murine EOC cell line ID8, and compared their in-vitro cell growth characteristics and in-vivo tumorigenicity. We also examined the potential co-expression of molecules that may influence cancer cell survival and interaction with immune cells. These include stimulatory and immunosuppressive molecules, such as major histocompatibility class I molecules (MHC I), MHC II, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), CD73, CD39, tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Whilst the presence of Sp17 was not correlated with the ID8 cell proliferation/growth capacity in vitro, it was critical to enable progressive tumor formation in vivo. Flow cytometry revealed that Sp17+ ID8 cells displayed higher expression of both STAT3 and PD-L1, whilst MHC II expression was lower. Moreover, Sp17high (PD-L1+MHCII−) cell populations showed significantly enhanced resistance to Paclitaxel-induced cell death in vitro compared to Sp17low (PD-L1−MHCII+) cells, which was associated in turn with increased STAT3 expression. Together, the data support Sp17 as a factor associated with in-vivo tumor progression and chemo-resistance, validating it as a suitable target for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Sue D Xiang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Mutsa Madondo
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koppel S, Stephens AN, Charlton JL, Di Stefano M, Darzins P, Odell M, Marshall S. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire for older drivers: Do errors, violations and lapses change over time? Accid Anal Prev 2018; 113:171-178. [PMID: 29407664 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine how self-reported aberrant driving behaviours change across a three time-points in a group of older drivers. Two hundred and twenty-seven older drivers (males = 69.6%) from the Candrive/Ozcandrive longitudinal study completed the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) each yearacross three time-points (i.e., Year 1, Year 2, Year 3). At the third time-point, older drivers ranged in age from 77 to 96 years (M = 81.74 years; SD = 3.44 years). A longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis showed that a modified 21-item, 3-factor (errors, lapses and violations) DBQ was invariant across the time period, suggesting that the structure of the questionnaire was stable across each time-point. Further, multiple domain latent growth analysis on the resultant factors for errors, lapses and violations showed that the frequency of errors remained similar across the three-year period, while violations and lapses showed very marginal decreases in frequency. These changes were independent of the absolute number of these behaviours; Drivers with higher violations or lapses in Year one, showed similar decreases in frequency as those who self-reported lower frequencies of the behaviours. These results suggest that the DBQ is a reliable tool to measure older drivers' self-reported aberrant driving behaviours, and that these behaviours do not show much change across time. Future research should validate the self-reported responses from the DBQ with more objective measures such as those collected through naturalistic driving study (NDS) methodology or on-road driving tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia.
| | - A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | - J L Charlton
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - P Darzins
- Eastern Health, Australia; Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Australia
| | - M Odell
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Australia
| | - S Marshall
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sandow JJ, Rainczuk A, Infusini G, Makanji M, Bilandzic M, Wilson AL, Fairweather N, Stanton PG, Garama D, Gough D, Jobling TW, Webb AI, Stephens AN. Discovery and Validation of Novel Protein Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer Patient Urine. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700135. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod J. Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Giuseppe Infusini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Ming Makanji
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Amy L. Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | | | - Peter G. Stanton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Garama
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Andrew I. Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth HealthCare; Richmond VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Heng S, Stephens AN, Jobling TW, Nie G. Measuring PC activity in endocervical swab may provide a simple and non-invasive method to detect endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46573-46578. [PMID: 27374098 PMCID: PMC5216818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies in post-menopausal women. If detected at early stages, endometrial cancer can be effectively treated by abdominal hysterectomy. However, to date, there is no biochemical test available for early and easy detection of endometrial cancer. Our previous study has established that the total proprotein convertase (PC) activity is significantly increased in the uterine lavage of post-menopausal women with endometrial cancer. Uterine lavage can be obtained relatively non-invasively compared to uterine tissues, however, blood contamination and other factors limit the wide clinical use of uterine lavage. The aim of this study was to determine whether endocervical swab is a viable alternative to uterine lavage for the detection of endometrial cancer. We determined the correlation in PC activity between paired endocervical swabs and uterine lavages from individual post-menopausal women (control as well as endometrial cancer patients), and also compared the total PC activity in endocervical swabs between control and endometrial cancer patients. Our data demonstrated that the total PC activity in swab and lavage was highly correlative in post-menopausal women, and that the PC activity in endocervical swab was significantly increased in endometrial cancer patients compared to controls. These results strongly suggest that determining PC activity in endocervical swabs may provide a simple, non-invasive and novel method to detect endometrial cancer in post-menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophea Heng
- Implantation and Placental Development Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom W Jobling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Implantation and Placental Development Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilson AL, Moffitt LR, Duffield N, Rainczuk A, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Autoantibodies against HSF1 and CCDC155 as Biomarkers of Early-Stage, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 27:183-192. [PMID: 29141850 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-directed circulating autoantibodies (AAb) are a well-established feature of many solid tumor types, and are often observed prior to clinical disease manifestation. As such, they may provide a good indicator of early disease development. We have conducted a pilot study to identify novel AAbs as markers of early-stage HGSOCs.Methods: A rare cohort of patients with early (FIGO stage Ia-c) HGSOCs for IgG, IgA, and IgM-mediated AAb reactivity using high-content protein arrays (containing 9,184 individual proteins). AAb reactivity against selected antigens was validated by ELISA in a second, independent cohort of individual patients.Results: A total of 184 antigens were differentially detected in early-stage HGSOC patients compared with all other patient groups assessed. Among the six most highly detected "early-stage" antigens, anti-IgA AAbs against HSF1 and anti-IgG AAbs CCDC155 (KASH5; nesprin 5) were significantly elevated in patients with early-stage malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis suggested that AAbs against HSF1 provided better detection of early-stage malignancy than CA125 alone. Combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 also improved efficacy at higher sensitivity.Conclusions: The combined measurement of anti-HSF1, anti-CCDC155, and CA125 may be useful for early-stage HGSOC detection.Impact: This is the first study to specifically identify AAbs associated with early-stage HGSOC. The presence and high frequency of specific AAbs in early-stage cancer patients warrants a larger scale examination to define their value for early disease detection at primary diagnosis and/or recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 183-92. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura R Moffitt
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadine Duffield
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom W Jobling
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. .,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kampan NC, Madondo MT, McNally OM, Stephens AN, Quinn MA, Plebanski M. Interleukin 6 Present in Inflammatory Ascites from Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients Promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2-Expressing Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1482. [PMID: 29163543 PMCID: PMC5681739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a highly lethal gynecological malignancy. Ascites, an accumulation of peritoneal fluid present in one-third of patients at presentation, is linked to poor prognosis. High levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in ascites are correlated with tumor progression and reduced survival. Malignant ascites harbors high levels of Tregs expressing the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), as well as pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). IL-6 is also associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we study the effect of IL-6 and TNF present in ascites on the modulation of TNFR2 expression on T cells, and specifically Tregs. Methods Ascites and respective peripheral blood sera were collected from 18 patients with advanced EOC and soluble biomarkers, including IL-6, sTNFR2, IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF, were quantified using multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were incubated with cell-free ascites for 48 h (or media as a negative control). In some experiments, IL-6 or TNF within the ascites were neutralized by using monoclonal antibodies. The phenotype of TNFR2+ Tregs and TNFR2− Tregs were characterized post incubation in ascites. In some experiments, cell sorted Tregs were utilized instead of PBMC. Results High levels of immunosuppressive (sTNFR2, IL-10, and TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF) were present in malignant ascites. TNFR2 expression on all T cell subsets was higher in post culture in ascites and highest on CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ Tregs, resulting in an increased TNFR2+ Treg/effector T cell ratio. Furthermore, TNFR2+ Tregs conditioned in ascites expressed higher levels of the functional immunosuppressive molecules programmed cell death ligand-1, CTLA-4, and GARP. Functionally, TNFR2+ Treg frequency was inversely correlated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by effector T cells, and was uniquely able to suppress TNFR2+ T effectors. Blockade of IL-6, but not TNF, within ascites decreased TNFR2+ Treg frequency. Results indicating malignant ascites promotes TNFR2 expression, and increased suppressive Treg activity using PBMC were confirmed using purified Treg subsets. Conclusion IL-6 present in malignant ovarian cancer ascites promotes increased TNFR2 expression and frequency of highly suppressive Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mutsa Tatenda Madondo
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Orla M McNally
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael A Quinn
- Oncology Unit, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sullman MJM, Paxion J, Stephens AN. Gender roles, sex and the expression of driving anger. Accid Anal Prev 2017; 106:23-30. [PMID: 28550751 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the validity of the 25-item Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) as well as the role of sex and gender-roles in relation to the expression of driving anger in a sample of 378 French drivers (males=38%, M=32.9years old). Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the four-factor structure of the 25-item DAX (Adaptive/Constructive Expression; Use of the Vehicle to Express Anger; Verbal Aggressive Expression and Personal Physical Aggressive Expression) and two of the three aggressive factors were found to have significant positive relationships with driving anger, while adaptive/constructive expression was negatively related to driving anger. Use of the vehicle to express anger was not significantly related to crash involvement, but was significantly related to all other crash-related conditions (traffic tickets, loss of concentration, loss of control of the vehicle, near crash). The presence of feminine traits, but not sex, was predictive of adaptive/constructive behaviours, while masculine traits predicted more frequent verbal aggressive expression, use of the vehicle to express anger, personal physical aggressive expression and total aggressive expression. This finding may account for the inconsistent relationship found between driving anger and sex in previous research. This research also found that the 25-item DAX is a valid tool to measure the expression of driving anger and that the endorsement of masculine traits are related to more aggressive forms of driving anger expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J M Sullman
- Driving Research Group, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - J Paxion
- Laboratory of Industrial and Human Automation Control, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Valenciennes University, Valenciennes, France
| | - A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stephens AN, Nieuwesteeg M, Page-Smith J, Fitzharris M. Self-reported speed compliance and attitudes towards speeding in a representative sample of drivers in Australia. Accid Anal Prev 2017; 103:56-64. [PMID: 28384489 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vehicle speed is a major contributor to road trauma, both in terms of increased crash risk and injury severity. In Australia, approximately one third of fatal crashes occur in speed zones of 100km/h. This proportion has remained the same, despite the reduction in the number of road fatalities over the past decade. To drive further reductions in speed-related crashes, an improved understanding of the underlying determinants of speed choice is required. METHOD A community attitude survey designed to understand speed behaviour and attitudes towards speeding was distributed to a large (N=5179) representative sample of drivers in Australia. Participants provided information regarding their normal speed choices across four different speed zones (40, 50, 60 and 100km/h), beliefs about the risks and enforcement of speeding behaviour as well as technology to reduce speeding. RESULTS Almost half of the sample (47%) reported exceeding the speed limit in 100km/h zones, although only a small number of these drivers (<0.5%) did so by 11km/h or more. Age and sex were related to speed limit non-compliance. Males were more likely to be classified as mid-level speeders, defined as being up to 10km/h over the limit, and excessive speeders (11+km/h over the limit). Younger drivers were also more likely to be non-compliant. When compared to compliant drivers, non-compliers perceived less risk of a serious crash, reported greater likelihood of exceeding the speed limit when they believed they would not be detected, and reported a higher level of social acceptability of speeding. Only one-third of the sample reported prior knowledge of intelligent speed assist (ISA) technology, however, once explained, the majority agreed it would be personally useful (64%). Speed non-compliers were somewhat less likely to support the usefulness of ISA than speed limit compliant drivers. CONCLUSION These findings can be used to target appropriate interventions and road safety messages, aimed at reducing speeding behaviour. Measures designed to address perceived social acceptability of speed behaviour, the increased crash risk associated with speeding, and the threat of detection are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - J Page-Smith
- Transport Accident Commission, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Fitzharris
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stephens AN, Brown J, de Rome L, Baldock MRJ, Fernandes R, Fitzharris M. The relationship between Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire scores and crashes for riders in Australia. Accid Anal Prev 2017; 102:202-212. [PMID: 28324820 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Motorcycle riders are over-represented in road fatalities in Australia. While riders represent 18% of the road users killed each year, motorcycle registrations constitute only 4.5% of the registered vehicle fleet. The Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire (MRBQ) was developed with a view toward understanding behaviours likely to be associated with crash risk. These include behaviours that are either intentional (such as violations of road and speed regulations and stunts) or unintentional (such as errors relating to traffic or control of the motorcycle), as well as protective behaviours related to use of safety equipment. The dual aims of the current study were, first, to determine the appropriate structure of a modified version of the MRBQ for use in a representative sample of riders in Australia and, second, to understand which MRBQ factors are associated with crash involvement. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the socio-economic status of local government area, age and gender of the sample was representative of the broader population of riders in New South Wales, Australia. The sample consisted of 470 riders (males=89%). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 29-item, five factor structure was suitable on the Australian data encompassing traffic errors, speed violations, protective gear, control errors and stunts. Overall, riders reported relatively safe behaviours, with frequent use of protective gear and infrequent aberrant behaviours. However, even though infrequent, violations of speed and errors related to control of the motorcycle increased the odds of near-crash involvement, whilst stunt behaviours were associated with increased odds of crash involvement. Interventions and countermeasures need to target these specific behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - J Brown
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales Australia
| | - L de Rome
- Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - M R J Baldock
- Centre for Automotive Safety Research, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - M Fitzharris
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ryland GL, Hunter SM, Doyle MA, Caramia F, Li J, Rowley SM, Christie M, Allan PE, Stephens AN, Bowtell DDL, Campbell IG, Gorringe KL. Erratum to: Mutational landscape of mucinous ovarian carcinoma and its neoplastic precursors. Genome Med 2017; 9:1. [PMID: 28081715 PMCID: PMC5228100 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Ryland
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally M Hunter
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria A Doyle
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simone M Rowley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Prue E Allan
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Cancer Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sullman MJM, Stephens AN, Hill T. Gender Roles and the Expression of Driving Anger Among Ukrainian Drivers. Risk Anal 2017; 37:52-64. [PMID: 26970284 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the validity of the revised (25-item) version of the driving anger expression inventory (DAX) on a novel sample of 385 drivers from Ukraine. The roles of sex and gender in relation to self-reported aggressive tendencies were also examined. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure of the DAX (adaptive/constructive expression; use of the vehicle to express anger; verbal aggressive expression; and personal physical aggressive expression), and the three aggressive factors were found to have positive relationships with trait anger and driving anger, while adaptive/constructive expression was negatively related to trait and driving anger. Drivers who reported recent near-misses or loss of concentration scored higher on verbal aggressive expression. Those who had recently received a traffic ticket also reported higher levels of all three types of aggressive anger expression. Further, the presence of feminine traits, but not sex, predicted more adaptive/constructive behaviors and lower scores for verbal aggressive expression, personal physical aggressive expression, and total aggressive expression. However, masculine traits did not predict any of these factors. This research concludes that the revised DAX is a valid tool to measure the expression of driving anger and that the endorsement of feminine traits is related to less aggressive expression of driving anger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J M Sullman
- Driving Research Group, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - A N Stephens
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - T Hill
- National Aviation University, Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stephens AN, Bishop CA, Liu S, Fitzharris M. Alcohol consumption patterns and attitudes toward drink-drive behaviours and road safety enforcement strategies. Accid Anal Prev 2017; 98:241-251. [PMID: 27770690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol contributes to approximately 30% of all serious crashes. While the majority of drivers acknowledge the risks associated with drink-driving, a significant proportion of the population continue to engage in this behaviour. Attitudes towards drink-driving as well as personal alcohol consumption patterns are likely to underpin a driver's decision to drink-drive. These associations were explored in the current study. METHODS A large (N=2994) cross-sectional online survey of a representative sample of drivers in Australia was conducted. Participants provided information about their own alcohol consumption patterns, drink-driving behaviour as well as attitudes towards drink-driving (own and others) and enforcement strategies. RESULTS Alcohol consumption patterns differed according to age, gender and work status. Drivers who reported drink-driving behaviour and had high risk alcohol consumption patterns were less likely to agree that drink-driving leads to increased crash risk and more likely to agree they drink and drive when they believed they could get away with it. In contrast, drivers who did not report drink-driving and had low risk consumption patterns were more likely to report that the enforcement strategies are too lenient. Binary logistic regression showed that high risk alcohol consumption patterns and agreement from drivers that they drink and drive when they believe they can get away with it had the strongest associations with drink-driving. These findings highlight the relationships between one's drinking patterns, drink-drive behaviour and attitudes towards drink-driving and drink-driving enforcement CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The patterns of associations that emerged suggest that drink-driving is the expression of a broader health issue for the most "at-risk" cohort of drinkers. The decision to drink and drive may result from a need borne from an alcohol dependent lifestyle exacerbated by a social acceptability of the behaviour and positive attitudes towards one's ability to drink-drive with few adverse consequences. Therefore, the broader alcohol consumption patterns of drink-drivers needs to be considered when targeting drink-drive reductions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - C A Bishop
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - S Liu
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - M Fitzharris
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stanton PG, Foo CFH, Rainczuk A, Stephens AN, Condina M, O'Donnell L, Weidner W, Ishikawa T, Cruickshanks L, Smith LB, McLachlan RI. Mapping the testicular interstitial fluid proteome from normal rats. Proteomics 2016; 16:2391-402. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Stanton
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Caroline F. H. Foo
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth Healthcare; Richmond Victoria Australia
| | | | - Liza O'Donnell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology; Paediatric Urology and Andrology; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | | | - Lyndsey Cruickshanks
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Heng S, Stephens AN, Jobling TW, Nie G. Total PC Activity Is Increased in Uterine Lavage of Post-Menopausal Endometrial but Not Ovarian Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2016; 7:1812-1814. [PMID: 27698920 PMCID: PMC5039364 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial and ovarian cancers are two most common cancers affecting women in their post-menopausal years. To date, there are no simple biochemical tests to detect these cancers at early stages. Our previous study has demonstrated that the activity of total proprotein convertases (PCs) is significantly increased in uterine lavage at all stages of endometrial cancer, suggesting uterine lavage which can be obtained relatively non-invasively may provide a simple tool for the detection of endometrial cancer. However, uterine lavage may also contain ovarian-derived factors, and PCs are also reported to be up-regulated in ovarian cancer. In this study we determined whether increases in uterine lavage PC activity are specific to endometrial cancer or are also associated with ovarian cancer. PC activity was detected in all uterine lavages examined but no difference was found between women with and without ovarian cancer. On the other hand, the PC activity was significantly higher in post-menopausal endometrial cancer patients, consistent with our previous report. These results suggest that measuring total PC activity in uterine lavage is a useful tool to detect endometrial cancer specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophea Heng
- Implantation and Placental Development Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia;; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia;; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia;; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia;; Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom W Jobling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;; Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Implantation and Placental Development Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia;; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia;; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stephens AN, Hill T, Sullman MJM. Driving anger in Ukraine: Appraisals, not trait driving anger, predict anger intensity while driving. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 88:20-28. [PMID: 26710267 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trait driving anger is often, but not always, found to predict both the intensity of anger while driving and subsequent crash-related behaviours. However, a number of studies have not found support for a direct relationship between one's tendency to become angry and anger reported while driving, suggesting that other factors may mediate this relationship. The present self-report study investigated whether, in anger provoking driving situations, the appraisals made by drivers influence the relationship between trait and state anger. A sample of 339 drivers from Ukraine completed the 33-item version of the Driver Anger Scale (DAS; Deffenbacher et al., 1994) and eight questions about their most recent experience of driving anger. A structural equation model found that the intensity of anger experienced was predicted by the negative evaluations of the situation, which was in turn predicted by trait driving anger. However, trait driving anger itself did not predict anger intensity; supporting the hypothesis that evaluations of the driving situation mediate the relationship between trait and state anger. Further, the unique structure of the DAS required to fit the data from the Ukrainian sample, may indicate that the anger inducing situations in Ukraine are different to those of a more developed country. Future research is needed to investigate driving anger in Ukraine in a broader sample and also to confirm the role of the appraisal process in the development of driving anger in both developed and undeveloped countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - T Hill
- National Aviation University, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - M J M Sullman
- Driving Research Group, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gorringe KL, Wakefield M, Hunter SM, Ryland GL, Cheasley D, Anglesio MS, Christie M, Sharma R, Yoland A, Rowley SM, Li J, Gilks B, Allan PE, Stephens AN, Ananda S, Pyman J, Koebel M, McAlpine J, Gourley C, Huntsman DG, deFazio A, Bowtell DDL, Campbell IG, Scott C. Abstract B08: Genomics analyses of less common epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca15-b08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
While the genomics of high-grade serous carcinoma are well-studied in large international consortia, the less common subtypes have been neglected. We have sought to rectify this gap by analyzing international collections of low-grade serous and mucinous ovarian carcinomas and their putative benign and borderline precursors.
Exome sequencing and copy number analysis of low-grade serous carcinomas (n=9) and serous borderline tumours (n=13) and targeted sequencing and copy number analysis in additional carcinomas (n=10) and borderline tumours (n=44) identified recurrent mutations in novel drivers such as EIF1AX and USP9X, as well as the known drivers KRAS, BRAF and NRAS. Copy number changes including 9p and 1p losses were significantly associated with progression from borderline to carcinoma. Exome and targeted sequencing analysis of mucinous carcinomas (GAMuT study) found a surprisingly high proportion (~50%) with TP53 mutations, and mutations in new drivers like RNF43 and ELF3. Despite similarities in early RAS/RAF pathway oncogenic drivers and CDKN2A disruption, the genetics of these two subtypes are otherwise distinct, suggesting differing etiologies and selective pressures.
We also present here the first whole-genome sequencing analysis of a high-grade mucinous ovarian carcinoma collected from multiple sites at autopsy (CASCADE study). The patient, aged just 41 when diagnosed with Stage I mucinous ovarian carcinoma, had a 26-month progression-free interval, including normal CA125 and CA19-9 measurements at 21 months. The primary tumor was mostly borderline in appearance, with only a small focus of carcinoma. At autopsy, the carcinoma was widespread in the body, and whole-genome sequencing data was obtained from deposits in the omentum, iliac lymph node, para-aortic lymph node and upper diaphragm. These data were compared to the primary ovarian tumor and nine other sites sampled at autopsy.
Citation Format: Kylie L. Gorringe, Matthew Wakefield, Sally M. Hunter, Georgina L. Ryland, Dane Cheasley, Michael S. Anglesio, Michael Christie, Raghwa Sharma, Antill Yoland, Simone M. Rowley, Jason Li, Blake Gilks, Prue E. Allan, Andrew N. Stephens, Sumi Ananda, Jan Pyman, Martin Koebel, Jessica McAlpine, Charlie Gourley, David G. Huntsman, Anna deFazio, David DL Bowtell, Ian G. Campbell, Clare Scott. Genomics analyses of less common epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B08.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dane Cheasley
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | | | | | - Antill Yoland
- 6Cabrini Health and Southern Health, Clayton, Australia,
| | | | - Jason Li
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
| | - Blake Gilks
- 3University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Prue E. Allan
- 1Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia,
| | | | - Sumi Ananda
- 4Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia,
| | - Jan Pyman
- 8Royal Womens Hospital, Parkville, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clare Scott
- 2Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stephens AN, Fitzharris M. Validation of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire in a representative sample of drivers in Australia. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 86:186-198. [PMID: 26584016 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) is a widely used measure of driving behaviours that may increase a driver's risk of crash involvement. However, there are several different versions of the DBQ varying in terms of number of items and factor structure. The aim of the current research was to assess the construct validity of the popular 28-item four-factor DBQ solution in a representative sample of drivers in Australia. A further aim was to test the factorial invariance of the measure across gender, age and also between fleet and non-fleet drivers using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Data on a range of attitudes towards road safety were collected using an online survey. A stratified sampling procedure was undertaken to ensure the age, gender and location distributions of participants were representative of the Australian population. A total of 2771 responses were obtained from fully licensed motor vehicle drivers (male: 46%). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the 28-item four-factor DBQ in the Australian sample. The DBQ was also found to be gender-invariant and strong partial measurement invariance was found for drivers aged from 26 to 64, but not for younger (17-25) or older (65-75) drivers. Modifications to the DBQ suggest how the DBQ can be improved for use in these two age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Stephens
- Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Fitzharris
- Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang H, Maqsudi S, Rainczuk A, Duffield N, Lawrence J, Keane FM, Justa-Schuch D, Geiss-Friedlander R, Gorrell MD, Stephens AN. Identification of novel dipeptidyl peptidase 9 substrates by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. FEBS J 2015; 282:3737-57. [PMID: 26175140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a member of the S9B/DPPIV (DPP4) serine protease family, which cleaves N-terminal dipeptides at an Xaa-Pro consensus motif. Cytoplasmic DPP9 has roles in epidermal growth factor signalling and in antigen processing, whilst the role of the recently discovered nuclear form of DPP9 is unknown. Mice lacking DPP9 proteolytic activity die as neonates. We applied a modified 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis approach to identify novel DPP9 substrates, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking endogenous DPP9 activity. A total of 111 potential new DPP9 substrates were identified, with nine proteins/peptides confirmed as DPP9 substrates by MALDI-TOF or immunoblotting. Moreover, we also identified the dipeptide Val-Ala as a consensus site for DPP9 cleavage that was not recognized by DPP8, suggesting different in vivo roles for these closely related enzymes. The relative kinetics for the cleavage of these nine candidate substrates by DPP9, DPP8 and DPP4 were determined. This is the first identification of DPP9 substrates from cells lacking endogenous DPP9 activity. These data greatly expand the potential roles of DPP9 and suggest different in vivo roles for DPP9 and DPP8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Molecular Hepatology, Liver Injury and Cancer Group, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sadiqa Maqsudi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nadine Duffield
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Josie Lawrence
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Fiona M Keane
- Molecular Hepatology, Liver Injury and Cancer Group, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Justa-Schuch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Molecular Hepatology, Liver Injury and Cancer Group, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Epworth Research Institute, Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lamon S, Zacharewicz E, Stephens AN, Russell AP. EPO-receptor is present in mouse C2C12 and human primary skeletal muscle cells but EPO does not influence myogenesis. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00256. [PMID: 24760510 PMCID: PMC4002236 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and regulation of the pleiotropic cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) in skeletal muscle are controversial. EPO exerts its effects by binding its specific receptor (EPO‐R), which activates intracellular signaling and gene transcription in response to internal and external stress signals. EPO is suggested to play a direct role in myogenesis via the EPO‐R, but several studies have questioned the effect of EPO treatment in muscle in vitro and in vivo. The lack of certainty surrounding the use of nonspecific EPO‐R antibodies contributes to the ambiguity of the field. Our study demonstrates that the EPO‐R gene and protein are expressed at each stage of mouse C2C12 and human skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and validates a specific antibody for the detection of the EPO‐R protein. However, in our experimental conditions, EPO treatment had no effect on mouse C2C12 and human muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis or EPO‐R expression. While an increase in Akt and MAPK phosphorylation was observed, we demonstrate that this effect resulted from the stress caused by changing medium and not from EPO treatment. We therefore suggest that skeletal muscle EPO‐R might be present in a nonfunctional form, or too lowly expressed to play a role in muscle cell function. The EPO‐R is expressed at the gene and protein level in mouse and human myoblasts and myotubes. However, EPO treatment does not seem to activate the EPO‐R and its downstream signaling pathways in skeletal muscle cells, questioning its functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Proteomics has rapidly become an important tool for life science research, allowing the integrated analysis of global protein expression from a single experiment. To accommodate the complexity and dynamic nature of any proteome, researchers must use a combination of disparate protein biochemistry techniques, often a highly involved and time-consuming process. Whilst highly sophisticated, individual technologies for each step in studying a proteome are available, true high-throughput proteomics that provides a high degree of reproducibility and sensitivity has been difficult to achieve. The development of high-throughput proteomic platforms, encompassing all aspects of proteome analysis and integrated with genomics and bioinformatics technology, therefore represents a crucial step for the advancement of proteomics research. ProteomIQ (Proteome Systems) is the first fully integrated, start-to-finish proteomics platform to enter the market. Sample preparation and tracking, centralized data acquisition and instrument control, and direct interfacing with genomics and bioinformatics databases are combined into a single suite of integrated hardware and software tools, facilitating high reproducibility and rapid turnaround times. This review will highlight some features of ProteomIQ, with particular emphasis on the analysis of proteins separated by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stephens
- University of Sydney, Department of Molecular & Microbial Biosciences, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rainczuk A, Rao JR, Gathercole JL, Fairweather NJ, Chu S, Masadah R, Jobling TW, Deb-Choudhury S, Dyer J, Stephens AN. Evidence for the antagonistic form of CXC-motif chemokine CXCL10 in serous epithelial ovarian tumours. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:530-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rainczuk
- Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Jyothsna R. Rao
- Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Jessica L. Gathercole
- Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Nicole J. Fairweather
- Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Rina Masadah
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; Hasanuddin University; Makassar Indonesia
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton VIC Australia
| | | | - Jolon Dyer
- AgResearch Ltd, Lincoln Research Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rainczuk A, Condina M, Pelzing M, Dolman S, Rao J, Fairweather N, Jobling T, Stephens AN. The utility of isotope-coded protein labeling for prioritization of proteins found in ovarian cancer patient urine. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4074-88. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400618v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Condina
- Bruker Biosciences Pty. Ltd., Preston,
Victoria, Australia, 3072
| | - Matthias Pelzing
- Bruker Biosciences Pty. Ltd., Preston,
Victoria, Australia, 3072
| | | | | | | | - Tom Jobling
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash
Medical Centre, Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salamonsen LA, Edgell T, Rombauts LJ, Stephens AN, Robertson DM, Rainczuk A, Nie G, Hannan NJ. Proteomics of the human endometrium and uterine fluid: a pathway to biomarker discovery. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1086-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|