1
|
Vasilatis DM, Lucchesi CA, Ghosh PM. Molecular Similarities and Differences between Canine Prostate Cancer and Human Prostate Cancer Variants. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041100. [PMID: 37189720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs are one of few species that naturally develop prostate cancer (PCa), which clinically resembles aggressive, advanced PCa in humans. Moreover, PCa-tumor samples from dogs are often androgen receptor (AR)-negative and may enrich our understanding of AR-indifferent PCa in humans, a highly lethal subset of PCa for which few treatment modalities are available This narrative review discusses the molecular similarities between dog PCa and specific human-PCa variants, underscoring the possibilities of using the dog as a novel pre-clinical animal model for human PCa, resulting in new therapies and diagnostics that may benefit both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demitria M Vasilatis
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA)-Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | | | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA)-Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sasikala CVA, Namshamgari S, Bandreddi V, Nahide PD, Kiran Kumar C, Kumar Roy A, Vakamulla M, Kumar Madhra M, Annapragada R, Bandichhor R. Synthesis and Characterization of API‐Related Substances in Abiraterone Acetate**. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ch. V. A. Sasikala
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
- Department of Chemistry GITAM University, Rudraram Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India
| | - Srikanth Namshamgari
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| | | | - Pradip D. Nahide
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| | - C. Kiran Kumar
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Roy
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| | - Malati Vakamulla
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Madhra
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| | - Ratnamala Annapragada
- Department of Chemistry GITAM University, Rudraram Hyderabad, Telangana 502329 India
| | - Rakeshwar Bandichhor
- API R & D, IPDO Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. Bachupally Hyderabad, Telangana 500090 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nicolescu RCB, Maylin ZR, Pérez-Areales FJ, Iegre J, Pandha HS, Asim M, Spring DR. Hybrid Androgen Receptor Inhibitors Outperform Enzalutamide and EPI-001 in in vitro Models of Prostate Cancer Drug Resistance. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200548. [PMID: 36300876 PMCID: PMC10098645 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor targeted therapies for prostate cancer have serious limitations in advanced stages of the disease. While resistance to the FDA-approved enzalutamide is extensively documented, novel therapies based on epichlorohydrin scaffolds (EPI) are currently in clinical trials, but display suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological characterisation of a novel class of compounds designed through covalently linking enzalutamide and EPI-001 through various triazole based linkers. The compounds display an 18 to 53 fold improvement in the cell killing potency towards C4-2b prostate cancer (PCa) cells compared to the gold standards of therapy, enzalutamide and EPI-001. The most promising compounds were proven to exhibit their toxicity exclusively through androgen receptor (AR) mediated pathways. This work sets the basis for the first class of hybrid AR inhibitors which successfully combine two drug moieties - EPI-001 and enzalutamide - into the same molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe R Maylin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 TXH, UK
| | | | - Jessica Iegre
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 TXH, UK
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 TXH, UK
| | - David R Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Hu X, Yu H, Liu X, Sun H, Shao C. Alternations of gene expression in PI3K and AR pathways and DNA methylation features contribute to metastasis of prostate cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:436. [PMID: 35864178 PMCID: PMC11072339 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) gives rise to distinct tumor subclasses based on epigenetic modification and gene expression signatures. Identification of clinically actionable molecular subtypes of PCa is key to improving patient outcome, and the balance between specific pathways may influence PCa outcome. It is also urgent to identify progression-related markers through cytosine-guanine (CpG) methylation in predicting metastasis for patients with PCa. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis of transcriptomic, and clinical data in an integrated cohort of 551 prostate samples. The datasets included retrospective The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts. Two algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination, were used to select significant CpGs. RESULTS We found that PCa progression is more likely to occur after the third year through conditional survival (CS) analysis, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was a better predictor of Progression-free survival (PFS) than Gleason score (GS). Our study first demonstrated that PCa tumors have distinct expression profiles based on the expression of genes involved in androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K-AKT, which influence disease outcome. Our results also indicated that there are multiple phenotypes relevant to the AR-PI3K axis in PCa, where tumors with mixed phenotype may be more aggressive or have worse outcome than quiescent phenotype. In terms of epigenetics, we obtained CpG sites and their corresponding genes which have a good predictive value of PFS. However, various evidences showed that the predictive value of CpGs corresponding genes was much lower than GpG sites in Overall survival (OS) and PFS. CONCLUSIONS PCa classification specific to AR and PI3K pathways provides novel biological insight into previously established PCa subtypes and may help develop personalized therapies. Our results support the potential clinical utility of DNA methylation signatures to distinguish tumor metastasis and to predict prognosis and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Gu Y, Xu H, Major P, Tang D. Insights of RKIP-Derived Suppression of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246388. [PMID: 34945007 PMCID: PMC8699807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite an intensive research effort in the past few decades, prostate cancer (PC) remains a top cause of cancer death in men, particularly in the developed world. The major cause of fatality is the progression of local prostate cancer to metastasis disease. Treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is generally ineffective. Based on the discovery of mPC relying on androgen for growth, many patients with mPC show an initial response to the standard of care: androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, lethal castration resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) commonly develop. It is widely accepted that intervention of metastatic progression of PC is a critical point of intervention to reduce PC death. Accumulative evidence reveals a role of RKIP in suppression of PC progression towards mPC. We will review current evidence and discuss the potential utilization of RKIP in preventing mPC progression. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is a major cause of cancer death in men. The disease has a great disparity in prognosis. Although low grade PCs with Gleason scores ≤ 6 are indolent, high-risk PCs are likely to relapse and metastasize. The standard of care for metastatic PC (mPC) remains androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Resistance commonly occurs in the form of castration resistant PC (CRPC). Despite decades of research efforts, CRPC remains lethal. Understanding of mechanisms underpinning metastatic progression represents the overarching challenge in PC research. This progression is regulated by complex mechanisms, including those regulating PC cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Among this PC metastatic network lies an intriguing suppressor of PC metastasis: the Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP). Clinically, the RKIP protein is downregulated in PC, and showed further reduction in mPC. In xenograft mouse models for PC, RKIP inhibits metastasis. In vitro, RKIP reduces PC cell invasion and sensitizes PC cells to therapeutic treatments. Mechanistically, RKIP suppresses Raf-MEK-ERK activation and EMT, and modulates extracellular matrix. In return, Snail, NFκB, and the polycomb protein EZH2 contribute to inhibition of RKIP expression. In this review, we will thoroughly analyze RKIP’s tumor suppression actions in PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Hui Xu
- The Division of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital of the Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Y.D.); (X.L.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35168)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou M, Zheng H, Li Y, Huang H, Min X, Dai S, Zhou W, Chen Z, Xu G, Chen Y. Discovery of a novel AR/HDAC6 dual inhibitor for prostate cancer treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6982-6998. [PMID: 33621955 PMCID: PMC7993727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) are important targets for cancer therapy. Given that both AR antagonists and HDAC6 inhibitors modulate AR signaling, a novel AR/HDAC6 dual inhibitor is investigated for its anticancer effects in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Zeta55 inhibits nuclear translocation of AR and suppresses androgen-induced PSA and TMPRSS2 expression. Meanwhile, Zeta55 selectively inhibits HDAC6 activity, leading to AR degradation. Zeta55 reduces the growth of AR-overexpressing VCaP prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in a CRPC xenograft model. These results provide preclinical proof of principle for Zeta55 as a promising therapeutic in prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huichao Huang
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Center for Geriatrics Clinical Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soleymani Fard S, Yazdanbod M, Sotoudeh M, Bashash D, Mahmoodzadeh H, Saliminejad K, Mousavi SA, Ghaffari SH, Alimoghaddam K. Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of Androgen Receptor in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9821-9837. [PMID: 33061460 PMCID: PMC7537849 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s265364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical studies carried out in the last few decades unequivocally introduced activated androgen receptor (AR) as a pathogenic feature of human malignancies which not only endows cancer cells with survival advantage, but also may be exploited for anticancer interventions. Patients and Methods In this study, we have investigated the expression profile of AR and EMT-related genes in fresh gastric cancer (GC), adjacent nontumor and normal gastric tissues, as well as the effect and molecular mechanisms of AR inhibition in GC cell lines. Results Amongst 60 GC patients, 66.7% overexpressed AR that was remarkably correlated with the overexpression of Snail, β-catenin, Twist1, and STAT3. AR overexpression was also remarkably associated with unfavorable outcome (HR=3.478, P=0.001); however, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that it was not an independent prognostic factor (HR=2.089, P=0.056). This study has investigated simultaneous assessment of AR and EMT-related genes expression and indicated that concurrent overexpression of AR and Snail is an independent unfavorable factor for GC overall survival after adjustment with other variables (HR=2.382, P=0.021). Interestingly, the inhibition of AR signaling by potent AR antagonist enzalutamide suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion of GC cells via regulation of apoptosis-, cell cycle-, and EMT-related gene expressions. Conclusion Our findings have clinical importance proposing AR as an important prognostic factor involved in GC progression and metastasis, and submit AR inhibition as an appealing therapeutic approach for GC patients, either as a single agent or in a combined-modal strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Soleymani Fard
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fard SS, Saliminejad K, Sotoudeh M, Soleimanifard N, Kouchaki S, Yazdanbod M, Mahmoodzadeh H, Ghavamzadeh A, Malekzadeh R, Chahardouli B, Alimoghaddam K, Ghaffari SH. The Correlation between EGFR and Androgen Receptor Pathways: A Novel Potential Prognostic Marker in Gastric Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2097-2107. [PMID: 31566139 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190930142820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite worthy biologic rationale and numerous studies introducing therapeutic strategies targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), phase III clinical trials have claimed that these current anti-EGFR agents did not significantly improve overall survival of Gastric Cancer (GC) patients. Therefore, to discover flawless candidates of anti-EGFR therapy and ideal prognostic markers, innovative studies are warranted. METHODS The aim of this study was to assess the expression profile of EGFR in GC, adjacent non-tumor and normal gastric tissues by qRT-PCR, investigating the association of EGFR expression with clinicopathological features, evaluating possible molecular interaction between EGFR and Androgen Receptor (AR), and elucidating novel prognostic marker using Cox regression model. RESULTS Among 60 GC patients, 70% (42/60) overexpressed EGFR relative to normal gastric tissues. EGFR overexpression was significantly correlated with the AR overexpression in GC patients. Although EGFR overexpression was remarkably associated with unfavorable outcomes (HR= 4.067, 95% CI= 1.228-13.467, p= 0.022), it was not an independent prognostic factor adjusted for other variables. However, we provided evidences that simultaneous evaluation of EGFR and AR expression, could independently predict the outcome of GC patients and could use as a precise prognostic marker. Moreover, it was revealed that induction or inhibition of AR signaling could alter the mRNA expression of EGFR in GC cell lines. CONCLUSION By targeting AR and EGFR using a potent AR inhibitor such as Enzalutamide, we postulate the possible crosstalk between EGFR and AR pathways in GC. Moreover, our study provided evidences elucidating a novel promising marker, simultaneous evaluation of EGFR and AR expression, which could properly predict prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad S Fard
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Kouchaki
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Chahardouli
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Institute, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of key regulators in prostate cancer from gene expression datasets of patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16420. [PMID: 31712650 PMCID: PMC6848149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of key regulators and regulatory pathways is an important step in the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Here, we propose a method to identify key regulators in prostate cancer (PCa) from a network constructed from gene expression datasets of PCa patients. Overexpressed genes were identified using BioXpress, having a mutational status according to COSMIC, followed by the construction of PCa Interactome network using the curated genes. The topological parameters of the network exhibited power law nature indicating hierarchical scale-free properties and five levels of organization. Highest degree hubs (k ≥ 65) were selected from the PCa network, traced, and 19 of them was identified as novel key regulators, as they participated at all network levels serving as backbone. Of the 19 hubs, some have been reported in literature to be associated with PCa and other cancers. Based on participation coefficient values most of these are connector or kinless hubs suggesting significant roles in modular linkage. The observation of non-monotonicity in the rich club formation suggested the importance of intermediate hubs in network integration, and they may play crucial roles in network stabilization. The network was self-organized as evident from fractal nature in topological parameters of it and lacked a central control mechanism.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim IW, Kim JH, Oh JM. Screening of Drug Repositioning Candidates for Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:661. [PMID: 31396486 PMCID: PMC6664029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Most prostate cancers (PCs) initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but eventually many PC patients develop castration resistant PC (CRPC). Currently, available drugs that have been approved for the treatment of CRPC patients are limited. Computational drug repositioning methods using public databases represent a promising and efficient tool for discovering new uses for existing drugs. The purpose of the present study is to predict drug candidates that can treat CRPC using a computational method that integrates publicly available gene expression data of tumors from CRPC patients, drug-induced gene expression data and drug response activity data. Methods: Gene expression data from tumoral and normal or benign prostate tissue samples in CRPC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRPC were determined with a meta-signature analysis by a metaDE R package. Additionally, drug activity data were downloaded from the ChEMBL database. Furthermore, the drug-induced gene expression data were downloaded from the LINCS database. The reversal relationship between the CRPC and drug gene expression signatures as the Reverse Gene Expression Scores (RGES) were computed. Drug candidates to treat CRPC were predicted using summarized scores (sRGES). Additionally, synergic effects of drug combinations were predicted with a Target Inhibition interaction using the Minimization and Maximization Averaging (TIMMA) algorithm. Results: The drug candidates of sorafenib, olaparib, elesclomol, tanespimycin, and ponatinib were predicted to be active for the treatment of CRPC. Meanwhile, CRPC-related genes, in this case MYL9, E2F2, APOE, and ZFP36, were identified as having gene expression data that can be reversed by these drugs. Additionally, lenalidomide in combination with pazopanib was predicted to be most potent for CRPC. Conclusion: These findings support the use of a computational reversal gene expression approach to identify new drug and drug combination candidates that can be used to treat CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu N, Zhou W, Guo Y, Wang J, Fu W, Sun H, Li D, Duan M, Hou T. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Revealed the Regulation of Ligands to the Interactions between Androgen Receptor and Its Coactivator. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1652-1661. [PMID: 29993249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays important roles in gene expression regulation, sexual phenotype maintenance, and prostate cancer (PCa) development. The communications between the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) and its coactivator are critical to the activation of AR. It is still unclear how the ligand binding would affect the AR-coactivator interactions. In this work, the effects of the ligand binding on the AR-coactivator communications were explored by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that the ligand binding regulates the residue interactions in the function site AF-2. The ligand-to-coactivator allosteric pathway, which involves the coactivator, helix 3 (H3), helix 4 (H4), the loop between H3 and H4 (L3), and helix 12 (H12), and ligands, was characterized. In addition, the interactions of residues on the function site BF-3, especially on the boundary of AF-2 and BF-3, are also affected by the ligands. The MM/GBSA free energy calculations demonstrated that the binding affinity between the coactivator and apo-AR is roughly weaker than those between the coactivator and antagonistic ARs but stronger than those between the coactivator and agonistic ARs. The results indicated that the long-range electrostatic interactions and the conformational entropies are the main factors affecting the binding free energies. In addition, the F876L mutation on AR-LBD affects the ligand-to-coactivator allosteric pathway, which could be the reason for point mutation induced tolerance for the antagonistic drugs such as enzalutamide. Our study would help to develop novel drug candidates against PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Weitao Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mojie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310058 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lundqvist J, Tringali C, Oskarsson A. Resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs inhibit activation of both wild-type and T877A mutant androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:161-168. [PMID: 28888979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer growth and progression are mainly dependent on androgens and many current prostate cancer treatment options target the synthesis or function of androgens. We have previously reported that resveratrol and synthetic analogs of resveratrol with a higher bioavailability inhibit the synthesis of androgens in human adrenocortical H295R cells. Now we have studied the antiandrogenic properties of resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs in two different prostate cell lines; LNCaP and RWPE. LNCaP carry a T877A mutation in the androgen receptor while RWPE has a wild-type androgen receptor. We found that resveratrol, piceatannol and all studied analogs were able to inhibit a dihydrotestosterone-induced activation of the androgen receptor, showing that they act as antiandrogens. In LNCaP cells, all studied compounds were able to statistically significantly decrease the androgenic signaling in concentrations ≥1μM and the synthetic analogs trimethylresveratrol (RSVTM) and tetramethylpiceatannol (PICTM) were the most potent compounds. RWPE cells were not as responsive to the studied compounds as the LNCaP cells. A statistically significant decrease in the androgenic signaling was observed at concentrations ≤5μM for most compounds and RSVTM was found to be the most potent compound. Further, we studied the effects of resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs on the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in LNCaP cells and found that all studied compounds decreased the level of PSA and that the synthetic analogs diacetylresveratrol (RSVDA), triacetylresveratrol (RSVTA) and RSVTM were the most potent compounds, decreasing the PSA level by approx. 50% at concentrations ≥10μM. In a cell-free receptor binding assay we were unable to show binding of resveratrol or analogs to the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor, indicating that the observed effects are mediated via other mechanisms than direct ligand competition. We conclude that the resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs are highly interesting for chemoprevention of prostate cancer, since they have a high potency both as inhibitors of androgen synthesis and androgen receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wong N, Gu Y, Kapoor A, Lin X, Ojo D, Wei F, Yan J, de Melo J, Major P, Wood G, Aziz T, Cutz JC, Bonert M, Patterson AJ, Tang D. Upregulation of FAM84B during prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19218-19235. [PMID: 28186973 PMCID: PMC5386679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the FAM84B gene lies within chromosome 8q24, a locus frequently altered in prostate cancer (PC), its alteration during prostate tumorigenesis has not been well studied. We report here FAM84B upregulation in DU145 cell-derived prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSLCs) and DU145 cell-produced lung metastases compared to subcutaneous xenograft tumors. FAM84B protein was detected in bone metastases and primary PCs. Nanostring examination of 7 pairs of tumor adjacent normal and PC tissues revealed elevations in FAM84B mRNA levels in all carcinomas. Furthermore, through analysis of FAM84B expression using large datasets within the Gene Expression Omnibus and OncomineTM database, we demonstrate significant increases in FAM84B mRNA in 343 primary PCs versus 181 normal tissues, and elevations in the FAM84B gene copy number (GCN) in 171 primary PCs versus 61 normal tissues. While FAM84B was not detected at higher levels via immunohistochemistry in high grade (Gleason score/GS 8-10) tumors compared to GS6-7 PCs, analyses of FAM84B mRNA and GCN using datasets within the cBioPortal database demonstrated FAM84B upregulation in 12% (67/549) of primary PCs and 18% (73/412) of metastatic castration resistant PCs (mCRPCs), and GCN increases in 4.8% (26/546) of primary PCs and 26% (121/467) of mCRPCs, revealing an association of the aforementioned changes with CRPC development. Of note, an increase in FAM84B expression was observed in xenograft CRPCs produced by LNCaP cells. Furthermore, FAM84B upregulation and GCN increases correlate with decreases in disease free survival and overall survival. Collectively, we demonstrate a novel association of FAM84B with PC tumorigenesis and CRPC progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane Ojo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason de Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wood
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Bonert
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur J. Patterson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miao L, Yang L, Li R, Rodrigues DN, Crespo M, Hsieh JT, Tilley WD, de Bono J, Selth LA, Raj GV. Disrupting Androgen Receptor Signaling Induces Snail-Mediated Epithelial–Mesenchymal Plasticity in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3101-3112. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Wong N, Major P, Kapoor A, Wei F, Yan J, Aziz T, Zheng M, Jayasekera D, Cutz JC, Chow MJ, Tang D. Amplification of MUC1 in prostate cancer metastasis and CRPC development. Oncotarget 2016; 7:83115-83133. [PMID: 27825118 PMCID: PMC5347757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the upregulation of MUC1 in prostate cancer (PC). However, this has not been thoroughly investigated. We report here an association of MUC1 upregulation with PC metastasis and the development of castration resistant PC (CRPC). MUC1 expression was specifically increased in DU145 cell-derived PC stem-like cells (PCSLCs) in comparison to their non-PCSLCs counterparts. While immunohistochemistry staining of 34 primary PCs revealed variability in MUC1 expression, Nanostring technology demonstrated elevated MUC1 mRNA levels in 4 of 7 PCs compared to their normal matched tissues. By analyzing MUC1 mRNA levels and gene copy number (GCN) using the OncomineTM database, elevations in MUC1 mRNA in 82 metastases versus 280 primary PCs and in MUC1 GCN in 37 metastases over 181 primary tumors were demonstrated. Analysis of genomic datasets within cBioPortal revealed increases in MUC1 GCN in 2% (6/333) of primary PCs, 6% (9/150) of metastatic PCs, and 33% (27/82) of CRPCs; in comparison, the respective increase in androgen receptor (AR) GCN was 1%, 63%, and 56%, revealing a specific increase in MUC1 GCN for CRPC. Furthermore, a 25-gene MUC1 network was amplified in 52% of CRPCs compared to 69% of CRPCs displaying increases in an AR co-regulator group. While genomic alterations in the MUC1 network largely overlap with those in the AR group, 18 CRPCs (66.7% being neuroendocrine PC) showed genomic alterations only in the MUC1 network. Moreover, genomic alterations in the MUC1 network correlated with PC relapse. Collectively, our observations suggest a combination therapy involving MUC1-based immunotherapy and androgen deprivation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Computational Biology
- Databases, Genetic
- Disease Progression
- Disease-Free Survival
- Docetaxel
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Mucin-1/genetics
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/genetics
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/metabolism
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/secondary
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/therapy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Taxoids/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Up-Regulation
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingxing Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen 2nd People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dulitha Jayasekera
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jing Chow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Thomas BC, Kay JD, Menon S, Vowler SL, Dawson SN, Bucklow LJ, Luxton HJ, Johnston T, Massie CE, Pugh M, Warren AY, Barker P, Burling K, Lynch AG, George A, Burge J, Corcoran M, Stearn S, Lamb AD, Sharma NL, Shaw GL, Neal DE, Whitaker HC. Whole blood mRNA in prostate cancer reveals a four-gene androgen regulated panel. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:797-812. [PMID: 27578825 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to increased sensitivity, the expression of circulating nucleotides is rapidly gaining popularity in cancer diagnosis. Whole blood mRNA has been used in studies on a number of cancers, most notably two separate studies that used whole blood mRNA to define non-overlapping signatures of prostate cancer that has become castration independent. Prostate cancer is known to rely on androgens for initial growth, and there is increasing evidence on the importance of the androgen axis in advanced disease. Using whole blood mRNA samples from patients with prostate cancer, we have identified the four-gene panel of FAM129A, MME, KRT7 and SOD2 in circulating mRNA that are differentially expressed in a discovery cohort of metastatic samples. Validation of these genes at the mRNA and protein level was undertaken in additional cohorts defined by risk of relapse following surgery and hormone status. All the four genes were downregulated at the mRNA level in the circulation and in primary tissue, but this was not always reflected in tissue protein expression. MME demonstrated significant differences in the hormone cohorts, whereas FAM129A is downregulated at the mRNA level but is raised at the protein level in tumours. Using published ChIP-seq data, we have demonstrated that this may be due to AR binding at the FAM129A and MME loci in multiple cell lines. These data suggest that whole blood mRNA of androgen-regulated genes has the potential to be used for diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Thomas
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Biomarker InitiativeCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Kay
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Biomarker InitiativeCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics GroupUniversity College London, London, UK
| | - Suraj Menon
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Core FacilityCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Astra Zeneca2 Riverside, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah L Vowler
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Core FacilityCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Astra Zeneca2 Riverside, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah N Dawson
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Core FacilityCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura J Bucklow
- Biomarker InitiativeCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hayley J Luxton
- Biomarker InitiativeCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics GroupUniversity College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Johnston
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Biomarker InitiativeCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Molecular and Computational Diagnostics GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Pugh
- Genomics Core FacilityCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of HistopathologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Barker
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Core Biochemistry Assay LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keith Burling
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Core Biochemistry Assay LaboratoryCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Computational Biology GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne George
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna Burge
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie Corcoran
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Stearn
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naomi L Sharma
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Greg L Shaw
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK University College Hospital at Westmoreland StreetLondon, UK
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Nuffield Department of Surgical SciencesJohn Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayley C Whitaker
- Uro-Oncology Research GroupCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Biomarker InitiativeCancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics GroupUniversity College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duan M, Liu N, Zhou W, Li D, Yang M, Hou T. Structural Diversity of Ligand-Binding Androgen Receptors Revealed by Microsecond Long Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Enhanced Sampling. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4611-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojie Duan
- Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenfang Zhou
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of
Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yap TA, Smith AD, Ferraldeschi R, Al-Lazikani B, Workman P, de Bono JS. Drug discovery in advanced prostate cancer: translating biology into therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:699-718. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Prostate Cancer Stem-like Cells Contribute to the Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2290-308. [PMID: 26593949 PMCID: PMC4695890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard care for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) since the 1940s. Although ADT shows clear benefits for many patients, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) inevitably occurs. In fact, with the two recent FDA-approved second-generation anti-androgens abiraterone and enzalutamide, resistance develops rapidly in patients with CRPC, despite their initial effectiveness. The lack of effective therapeutic solutions towards CRPC largely reflects our limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for CRPC development. While persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling under castration levels of serum testosterone (<50 ng/mL) contributes to resistance to ADT, it is also clear that CRPC evolves via complex mechanisms. Nevertheless, the physiological impact of individual mechanisms and whether these mechanisms function in a cohesive manner in promoting CRPC are elusive. In spite of these uncertainties, emerging evidence supports a critical role of prostate cancer stem-like cells (PCSLCs) in stimulating CRPC evolution and resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide. In this review, we will discuss the recent evidence supporting the involvement of PCSLC in CRPC acquisition as well as the pathways and factors contributing to PCSLC expansion in response to ADT.
Collapse
|
21
|
Aakula A, Kohonen P, Leivonen SK, Mäkelä R, Hintsanen P, Mpindi JP, Martens-Uzunova E, Aittokallio T, Jenster G, Perälä M, Kallioniemi O, Östling P. Systematic Identification of MicroRNAs That Impact on Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells and Display Changed Expression in Tumor Tissue. Eur Urol 2015; 69:1120-8. [PMID: 26489476 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic approaches to functionally identify key players in microRNA (miRNA)-target networks regulating prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation are still missing. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively map miRNA regulation of genes relevant for PCa proliferation through phenotypic screening and tumor expression data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Gain-of-function screening with 1129 miRNA molecules was performed in five PCa cell lines, measuring proliferation, viability, and apoptosis. These results were integrated with changes in miRNA expression from two cohorts of human PCa (188 tumors in total). For resulting miRNAs, the predicted targets were collected and analyzed for patterns with gene set enrichment analysis, and for their association with biochemical recurrence free survival. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Rank product statistical analysis was used to evaluate miRNA effects in phenotypic screening and for expression differences in the prostate tumor cohorts. Expression data were analyzed using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) method and the patient material was subjected to Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Functional screening identified 25 miRNAs increasing and 48 miRNAs decreasing cell viability. Data integration resulted in 14 miRNAs, with aberrant expression and effect on proliferation. These miRNAs are predicted to regulate >3700 genes, of which 28 were found up-regulated and 127 down-regulated in PCa compared with benign tissue. Seven genes, FLNC, MSRB3, PARVA, PCDH7, PRNP, RAB34, and SORBS1, showed an inverse association to their predicted miRNA, and were identified to significantly correlate with biochemical recurrence free survival in PCa patients. CONCLUSIONS A systematic in vitro screening approach combined with in vivo expression and gene set enrichment analysis provide unbiased means for revealing novel miRNA-target links, possibly driving the oncogenic processes in PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY This study identified novel regulatory molecules, which impact on PCa proliferation and are aberrantly expressed in clinical tumors. Thus, our study reveals regulatory nodes with potential for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aakula
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland(1).
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rami Mäkelä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Misvik Biology Corporation, Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Hintsanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Patrick Mpindi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1)
| | | | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merja Perälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1)
| | - Päivi Östling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland(1)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brand LJ, Olson ME, Ravindranathan P, Guo H, Kempema AM, Andrews TE, Chen X, Raj GV, Harki DA, Dehm SM. EPI-001 is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma modulator with inhibitory effects on androgen receptor expression and activity in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3811-24. [PMID: 25669987 PMCID: PMC4414155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a driver of prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth and disease progression. Therapies for advanced PCa exploit AR dependence by blocking the production or action of androgens, but these interventions inevitably fail via multiple mechanisms including mutation or deletion of the AR ligand binding domain (LBD). Thus, the development of new inhibitors which act through non-LBD interfaces is an unmet clinical need. EPI-001 is a bisphenol A-derived compound shown to bind covalently and inhibit the AR NH2-terminal domain (NTD). Here, we demonstrate that EPI-001 has general thiol alkylating activity, resulting in multilevel inhibitory effects on AR in PCa cell lines and tissues. At least one secondary mechanism of action associated with AR inhibition was found to be selective modulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). These multi-level effects of EPI-001 resulted in inhibition of transcriptional activation units (TAUs) 1 and 5 of the AR NTD, and reduced AR expression. EPI-001 inhibited growth of AR-positive and AR-negative PCa cell lines, with the highest sensitivity observed in LNCaP cells. Overall, this study provides new mechanistic insights to the chemical biology of EPI-001, and raises key issues regarding the use of covalent inhibitors of the intrinsically unstructured AR NTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Brand
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Margaret E. Olson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Preethi Ravindranathan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron M. Kempema
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy E. Andrews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A. Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cummings J, Sloane R, Morris K, Zhou C, Lancashire M, Moore D, Elliot T, Clarke N, Dive C. Optimisation of an immunohistochemistry method for the determination of androgen receptor expression levels in circulating tumour cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:226. [PMID: 24674711 PMCID: PMC3977890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AZD3514 inhibits and down regulates the androgen receptor (AR) and has undergone clinical trials in prostate cancer. To provide proof-of-mechanism (POM) in patients, an immunohistochemistry (IHC) method for determination of AR in circulating tumour cells (CTC) was developed and validated. METHODS After an assessment of specificity validation focused on intra- and inter-operator reproducibility utilising a novel modification of incurred sample reanalysis (ISR). β-Content γ-confidence tolerance intervals (BCTI) and Cohen's Kappa (κ) were employed in statistical analysis of results. RESULTS In a first set of IHC reproducibility experiments, almost perfect agreement was recorded (κ=0.94) when two different operators scored CTC as overall positive or negative for AR. However, BCTI analysis identified a specific bias in scoring staining intensity, where one operator favoured moderate over strong assignments, whereas the reverse was the case with the second operator. After a period of additional training involving deployment of a panel of standardised images, a second set of validation experiments were conducted. These showed correction of the inter-operator bias by BCTI with κ for scoring intensity increasing from 0.59 to 0.81, indicative of almost perfect agreement. CONCLUSIONS By application of BCTI to the validation of IHC, operator bias and therefore poor reproducibility can be identified, characterised and corrected to achieve a level of error normally associated with a quantitative biomarker assay, such as an ELISA. The methodological approach described herein can be applied to any generic IHC technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert Sloane
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Karen Morris
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Cong Zhou
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Matt Lancashire
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - David Moore
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Tony Elliot
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Noel Clarke
- Urology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|