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Zhu F, Li S, Gu Q, Xie N, Wu Y. APOL1 Induces Pyroptosis of Fibroblasts Through NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6385-6396. [PMID: 38161356 PMCID: PMC10757784 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s437875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of proinfammatory gasdermin-mediated programmed cell death. Abnormal infammation in the intestine is a critical risk factor for Ulcerative colitis (UC). However, at present, it is not clear whether pyroptosis of colonic fibroblasts is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of UC. Methods In this study, key genes associated with UC were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE193677). The differentially expressed genes were analyzed, and the hub genes were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes. We also downloaded the dataset from GEO for single-cell RNA sequencing (GSE231993). The expression of key genes was verified by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot, and the specific pathways of key genes inducing pyroptosis in cell lines were explored. Results The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of APOL1 and CXCL1 in UC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The results of single-cell analysis showed that the two genes were co-localized to fibroblasts. These results were consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence colocalization in human intestinal mucosa specimens. Furthermore, APOL1 overexpression induced NLRP3-caspase1-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis of fibroblasts, which was confirmed by Western blot. Conclusion APOL1 induces pyroptosis of fibroblasts mediated by NLRP3-Caspase1-GSDMD signaling pathway and promote the release of chemokines CXCL1. Fibroblasts may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningsheng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinxia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Bendahl PO, Belting M, Gezelius E. Longitudinal Assessment of Circulating Tumor Cells and Outcome in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Sub-Study of RASTEN-A Randomized Trial with Low Molecular Weight Heparin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3176. [PMID: 37370786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide a liquid biopsy approach to disease monitoring in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a particularly aggressive tumor subtype. Yet, the prognostic role of CTCs during and after treatment in relation to baseline remains ill-defined. Here, we assessed the value of longitudinal CTC analysis and the potential of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to reduce CTC abundance in SCLC patients from a randomized trial (RASTEN). Blood samples were collected at baseline, before chemotherapy Cycle 3, and at 2-month follow-up from 42 patients in total, and CTCs were quantified using the FDA-approved CellSearch system. We found a gradual decline in CTC count during and after treatment, independently of the addition of LMWH to standard therapy. Detectable CTCs at baseline correlated significantly to reduced survival compared to undetectable CTCs (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.75 (95% CI 1.05-7.20; p = 0.040)). Furthermore, a persistent CTC count at 2-month follow-up was associated with a HR of 4.22 (95% CI 1.20-14.91; p = 0.025). Our findings indicate that persistently detectable CTCs during and after completion of therapy offer further prognostic information in addition to baseline CTC, suggesting a role for CTC in the individualized management of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Radiophysics and Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lasarettsgatan 23A, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Pathology, and Genetics, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emelie Gezelius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Barngatan 4, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Cerezo-Magaña M, Bång-Rudenstam A, Belting M. Proteoglycans: a common portal for SARS-CoV-2 and extracellular vesicle uptake. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C76-C84. [PMID: 36458979 PMCID: PMC9799137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00453.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As structural components of the glycocalyx, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are involved in multiple pathophysiological processes at the apex of cell signaling cascades, and as endocytosis receptors for particle structures, such as lipoproteins, extracellular vesicles, and enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Given their diversity and complex biogenesis regulation, HSPGs remain understudied. Here we compile some of the latest studies focusing on HSPGs as internalizing receptors of extracellular vesicles ("endogenous virus") and SARS-CoV-2 lipid-enclosed particles and highlight similarities in their biophysical and structural characteristics. Specifically, the similarities in their biogenesis, size, and lipid composition may explain a common dependence on HSPGs for efficient cell-surface attachment and uptake. We further discuss the relative complexity of extracellular vesicle composition and the viral mechanisms that evolve towards increased infectivity that complicate therapeutic strategies addressing blockade of their uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bång-Rudenstam
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,2Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,3Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Zhang Y, Cao N, Gao J, Liang J, Liang Y, Xie Y, Zhou S, Tang X. ASIC1a stimulates the resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting EMT via the AKT/GSK3β/Snail pathway driven by TGFβ/Smad signals. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2777-2792. [PMID: 35426224 PMCID: PMC9097844 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to curing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Acid‐sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) has critical roles in all stages of cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis, and in resistance to therapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) transforms epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells after being stimulated by extracellular factors and is closely related to tumour infiltration and resistance. We used Western blotting, immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemical staining, MTT, colony formation and scratch healing assay to determine ASIC1a levels and its relationship to cell proliferation, migration and invasion. ASIC1a is overexpressed in HCC tissues, and the amount increased in resistant HCC cells. EMT occurred more frequently in drug‐resistant cells than in parental cells. Inactivation of ASIC1a inhibited cell migration and invasion and increased the chemosensitivity of cells through EMT. Overexpression of ASIC1a upregulated EMT and increased the cells’ proliferation, migration and invasion and induced drug resistance; knocking down ASIC1a with shRNA had the opposite effects. ASIC1a increased cell migration and invasion through EMT by regulating α and β‐catenin, vimentin and fibronectin expression via the AKT/GSK‐3β/Snail pathway driven by TGFβ/Smad signals. ASIC1a mediates drug resistance of HCC through EMT via the AKT/GSK‐3β/Snail pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinci Zhang
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu China
| | - Niandie Cao
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu China
| | - Jiafeng Gao
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu China
- Huai’an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second Hospital Huai’an China
| | - Yinghai Xie
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- First Affiliated Hospital Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- First Affiliated Hospital Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Medcial School Anhui University of Science & Technology Huainan China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu China
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Olivera-Salazar R, García-Arranz M, Sánchez A, Olmedillas-López S, Vega-Clemente L, Serrano LJ, Herrera B, García-Olmo D. Oncological transformation in vitro of hepatic progenitor cell lines isolated from adult mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3149. [PMID: 35210455 PMCID: PMC8873244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer cells can transfer the oncogene KRAS to distant cells, predisposing them to malignant transformation (Genometastasis Theory). This process could contribute to liver metastasis; besides, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) have been found to be involved in liver malignant neoplasms. The objective of this study is to determine if mouse HPCs—Oval cells (OCs)—are susceptible to incorporate Kras GAT (G12D) mutation from mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26.WT and if OCs with the incorporated mutation behave like malignant cells. To achieve this, three lines of OCs in different conditions were exposed to CT26.WT cells through transwell co-culture for a week. The presence of KrasG12D and capacity to form tumors were analyzed in treated samples by droplet digital PCR and colony-forming assays, respectively. The results showed that the KrasG12D mutation was detected in hepatic culture conditions of undifferentiated OCs and these cells were capable of forming tumors in vitro. Therefore, OCs are susceptible to malignant transformation by horizontal transfer of DNA with KrasG12D mutation in an undifferentiated condition associated with the liver microenvironment. This study contributes to a new step in the understanding of the colorectal metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olivera-Salazar
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Vega-Clemente
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Serrano
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (IIS-FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Benitez-Amaro A, Martínez-Bosch N, Manero-Rupérez N, Claudi L, La Chica Lhoëst MT, Soler M, Ros-Blanco L, Navarro P, Llorente-Cortés V. Peptides against Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Aggregation Inhibit Intracellular Cholesteryl Ester Loading and Proliferation of Pancreatic Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040890. [PMID: 35205638 PMCID: PMC8869901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancers. A key component of dyslipidemia is a high level of small and dense low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). These LDLs have a high probability to be entrapped and modified (aggregated) in the extracellular matrix (ECM), becoming a source of cholesterol for tumor cells. However, the effect of aggregated LDLs on tumor progression has been unexplored. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of modified LDLs on intracellular cholesteryl ester/free cholesterol ratio (CE/FC) and cancer cell growth, and the efficacy of peptides designed to inhibit LDL aggregation on these processes. Our results show that aggregated LDL upregulates the intracellular CE/FC ratio and cell growth in pancreatic cancer and that these upregulatory effects were blocked by peptides against LDL aggregation. We propose that anti-LDL aggregation peptides deserve to be further investigated as anti-tumoral strategies. Abstract Dyslipidemia, metabolic disorders and/or obesity are postulated as risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The majority of patients with these metabolic alterations have low density lipoproteins (LDLs) with increased susceptibility to become aggregated in the extracellular matrix (ECM). LDL aggregation can be efficiently inhibited by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-based peptides. The objectives of this work were: (i) to determine if aggregated LDLs affect the intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE)/free cholesterol (FC) ratio and/or the tumor pancreatic cell proliferation, using sphingomyelinase-modified LDL particles (Aggregated LDL, AgLDL); and (ii) to test whether LRP1-based peptides, highly efficient against LDL aggregation, can interfere in these processes. For this, we exposed human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, RWP-1 and Capan-1) to native (nLDL) or AgLDLs in the absence or presence of LRP1-based peptides (DP3) or irrelevant peptides (IP321). Results of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) following lipid extraction indicate that AgLDLs induce a higher intracellular CE/FC ratio than nLDL, and that DP3 but not IP321 counteracts this effect. AgLDLs also increase PANC-1 cell proliferation, which is inhibited by the DP3 peptide. Our results indicate that AgLDL-induced intracellular CE accumulation plays a crucial role in the proliferation of pancreatic tumor cell lines. Peptides with anti-LDL aggregation properties may thus exhibit anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
| | - Noemí Manero-Rupérez
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
| | - Lene Claudi
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoëst
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Marta Soler
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Lia Ros-Blanco
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada IIBB-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (N.M.-B.); (N.M.-R.)
- August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (V.L.-C.)
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (L.C.); (M.T.L.C.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (L.R.-B.)
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.N.); (V.L.-C.)
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Exosomal and intracellular miR-320b promotes lymphatic metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:163-180. [PMID: 34729394 PMCID: PMC8526502 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-cell-released exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are important mediators of cell-cell communication in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we sequenced serum exosome miRNAs from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and identified high expression of miR-320b to be closely associated with peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymph node (LN) metastasis. Functionally, miR-320b could be enriched and transferred by ESCC-released exosomes directly to human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs), promoting tube formation and migration in vitro and facilitating lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis in vivo as assessed by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, we found programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) as a direct target of miR-320b through bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay. Re-expression of PDCD4 could rescue the effects induced by exosomal miR-320b. Notably, the miR-320b-PDCD4 axis activates the AKT pathway in HLECs independent of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Moreover, overexpression of miR-320b promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression of ESCC cells. Finally, we demonstrate that METTL3 could interact with DGCR8 protein and positively modulate pri-miR-320b maturation process in an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner. Therefore, our findings uncover a VEGF-C-independent mechanism of exosomal and intracellular miR-320b-mediated LN metastasis and identify miR-320b as a novel predictive marker and therapeutic target for LN metastasis in ESCC.
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Gonçalves AC, Richiardone E, Jorge J, Polónia B, Xavier CPR, Salaroglio IC, Riganti C, Vasconcelos MH, Corbet C, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB. Impact of cancer metabolism on therapy resistance - Clinical implications. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100797. [PMID: 34955385 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing arsenal of anticancer therapies, many patients continue to have poor outcomes due to the therapeutic failures and tumor relapses. Indeed, the clinical efficacy of anticancer therapies is markedly limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance mechanisms that can occur in any tumor type and with any treatment. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to implement fundamental changes in the tumor treatment paradigm by the development of new experimental strategies that can help to predict the occurrence of clinical drug resistance and to identify alternative therapeutic options. Apart from mutation-driven resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME) conditions generate an intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity that supports disease progression and dismal outcomes. Tumor cell metabolism is a prototypical example of dynamic, heterogeneous, and adaptive phenotypic trait, resulting from the combination of intrinsic [(epi)genetic changes, tissue of origin and differentiation dependency] and extrinsic (oxygen and nutrient availability, metabolic interactions within the TME) factors, enabling cancer cells to survive, metastasize and develop resistance to anticancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding metabolism-based mechanisms conferring adaptive resistance to chemo-, radio-and immunotherapies as well as targeted therapies. Furthermore, we report the role of TME-mediated intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity in therapy resistance and how adaptations in amino acid, glucose, and lipid metabolism support the growth of therapy-resistant cancers and/or cellular subpopulations. We also report the intricate interplay between tumor signaling and metabolic pathways in cancer cells and discuss how manipulating key metabolic enzymes and/or providing dietary changes may help to eradicate relapse-sustaining cancer cells. Finally, in the current era of personalized medicine, we describe the strategies that may be applied to implement metabolic profiling for tumor imaging, biomarker identification, selection of tailored treatments and monitoring therapy response during the clinical management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Richiardone
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Belgium
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Belgium.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), FMUC, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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Fontana S, Mauceri R, Novara ME, Alessandro R, Campisi G. Protein Cargo of Salivary Small Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Functional Signature of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011160. [PMID: 34681822 PMCID: PMC8539015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still an investigative challenge. Saliva has been proposed as an ideal diagnostic medium for biomarker detection by mean of liquid biopsy technique. The aim of this pilot study was to apply proteomic and bioinformatic strategies to determine the potential use of saliva small extracellular vesicles (S/SEVs) as a potential tumor biomarker source. Among the twenty-three enrolled patients, 5 were free from diseases (OSCC_FREE), 6 were with OSCC without lymph node metastasis (OSCC_NLNM), and 12 were with OSCC and lymph node metastasis (OSCC_LNM). The S/SEVs from patients of each group were pooled and properly characterized before performing their quantitative proteome comparison based on the SWATH_MS (Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra) method. The analysis resulted in quantitative information for 365 proteins differentially characterizing the S/SEVs of analyzed clinical conditions. Bioinformatic analysis of the proteomic data highlighted that each S/SEV group was associated with a specific cluster of enriched functional network terms. Our results highlighted that protein cargo of salivary small extracellular vesicles defines a functional signature, thus having potential value as novel predict biomarkers for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.E.N.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123865731
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, 2090 Msida, Malta
| | - Maria Eugenia Novara
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.E.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.E.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (G.C.)
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10
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From Exosome Glycobiology to Exosome Glycotechnology, the Role of Natural Occurring Polysaccharides. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized informative shuttles acting as endogenous mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Their innate ability to target specific cells and deliver functional cargo is recently claimed as a promising theranostic strategy. The glycan profile, actively involved in the EXO biogenesis, release, sorting and function, is highly cell type-specific and frequently altered in pathological conditions. Therefore, the modulation of EXO glyco-composition has recently been considered an attractive tool in the design of novel therapeutics. In addition to the available approaches involving conventional glyco-engineering, soft technology is becoming more and more attractive for better exploiting EXO glycan tasks and optimizing EXO delivery platforms. This review, first, explores the main functions of EXO glycans and associates the potential implications of the reported new findings across the nanomedicine applications. The state-of-the-art of the last decade concerning the role of natural polysaccharides—as targeting molecules and in 3D soft structure manufacture matrices—is then analysed and highlighted, as an advancing EXO biofunction toolkit. The promising results, integrating the biopolymers area to the EXO-based bio-nanofabrication and bio-nanotechnology field, lay the foundation for further investigation and offer a new perspective in drug delivery and personalized medicine progress.
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11
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Meng X, Xu Y, Ning X. Tumor microenvironment acidity modulates ROR1 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and hepatocarcinoma metastasis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237804. [PMID: 33648935 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendency of hepatocarcinoma to metastasize results in a high rate of mortality, making it a hot research topic in cancer studies. Although an acidic tumor microenvironment has been proven to promote cancer metastasis, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we found that acidic conditions significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) was distinctly upregulated in acid-treated cells. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ROR1 could effectively inhibit acid-induced cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, neutralization of acidic environments with NaHCO3 could downregulate acid-stimulated ROR1 expression, thereby retarding cell metastatic potential. Notably, the formation of metastatic nodules was significantly increased after intrapulmonary injection of acid-stimulated cancer cells, and this was inhibited by pretreating with NaHCO3. In summary, we reveal that an acidic tumor microenvironment modulates ROR1 expression to promote tumor metastasis, providing not only a better understanding of molecular mechanisms related to metastasis, but also a promising target for tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials , Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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12
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Brain metastases-derived extracellular vesicles induce binding and aggregation of low-density lipoprotein. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:162. [PMID: 33160390 PMCID: PMC7648399 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have previously been shown to contribute to pre-metastatic niche formation. Specifically, aggressive tumors secrete pro-metastatic EVs that travel in the circulation to distant organs to modulate the microenvironment for future metastatic spread. Previous studies have focused on the interface between pro-metastatic EVs and epithelial/endothelial cells in the pre-metastatic niche. However, EV interactions with circulating components such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) have been overlooked. RESULTS This study demonstrates that EVs derived from brain metastases cells (Br-EVs) and corresponding regular cancer cells (Reg-EVs) display different interactions with LDL. Specifically, Br-EVs trigger LDL aggregation, and the presence of LDL accelerates Br-EV uptake by monocytes, which are key components in the brain metastatic niche. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data are the first to demonstrate that pro-metastatic EVs display distinct interactions with LDL, which impacts monocyte internalization of EVs.
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13
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Indira Chandran V, Welinder C, Gonçalves de Oliveira K, Cerezo-Magaña M, Månsson AS, Johansson MC, Marko-Varga G, Belting M. Global extracellular vesicle proteomic signature defines U87-MG glioma cell hypoxic status with potential implications for non-invasive diagnostics. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:477-488. [PMID: 31414377 PMCID: PMC6764937 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal of primary malignant brain tumors. Hypoxia constitutes a major determining factor for the poor prognosis of high-grade glioma patients, and is known to contribute to the development of treatment resistance. Therefore, new strategies to comprehensively profile and monitor the hypoxic status of gliomas are of high clinical relevance. Here, we have explored how the proteome of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) at the global level may reflect hypoxic glioma cells. Methods We have employed shotgun proteomics and label free quantification to profile EVs isolated from human high-grade glioma U87-MG cells cultured at normoxia or hypoxia. Parallel reaction monitoring was used to quantify the identified, hypoxia-associated EV proteins. To determine the potential biological significance of hypoxia-associated proteins, the cumulative Z score of identified EV proteins was compared with GBM subtypes from HGCC and TCGA databases. Results In total, 2928 proteins were identified in EVs, out of which 1654 proteins overlapped with the ExoCarta EV-specific database. We found 1034 proteins in EVs that were unique to the hypoxic status of U87-MG cells. We subsequently identified an EV protein signature, “HYPSIGNATURE”, encompassing nine proteins that strongly represented the hypoxic situation and exhibited close proximity to the mesenchymal GBM subtype. Conclusions We propose, for the first time, an EV protein signature that could comprehensively reflect the hypoxic status of high-grade glioma cells. The presented data provide proof-of-concept for targeted proteomic profiling of glioma derived EVs, which should motivate future studies exploring its utility in non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of brain tumor patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11060-019-03262-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineesh Indira Chandran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Myriam Cerezo-Magaña
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Månsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria C Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gyorgy Marko-Varga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Cerezo-Magaña M, Bång-Rudenstam A, Belting M. The pleiotropic role of proteoglycans in extracellular vesicle mediated communication in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:99-107. [PMID: 31276785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Compartmental exchange between cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, has emerged as a central mechanism that coordinates the complex communication between malignant and stromal cells during tumor initiation and evolution. Some of the most critical processes of EV-mediated communication, including EV biogenesis and EV uptake, can be mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) that reside on the surface of producer and recipient cells as well as on EVs. With interestingly similar, HSPG-dependent, pathways as the ones exploited by some viruses, EVs may, in an evolutionary perspective, be viewed as endogenous counterparts of viral particles. Cancer cell-derived EVs exert their protumorigenic effects by direct interactions of biologically active surface molecules, by transfer of proteins and nucleic acids into recipient cells or by transfer of metabolites that can be utilized as an energy source by the recipient cell. Here, we discuss the pleiotropic role of the HSPG family in these different contexts of EV communication with a specific focus on tumor development. We propose EV-associated PGs as dynamic reservoirs and chaperones of signaling molecules with potential implications in ligand exchange between EVs and tumor target cells. The protumorigenic consequences of EV mediated communication through HSPG should motivate the development of therapeutic approaches targeting EV-HSPG interactions as a novel strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cerezo-Magaña
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Bång-Rudenstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiophysics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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