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The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Type II Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Skin Wound Healing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062652. [PMID: 36985625 PMCID: PMC10058891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multiphase physiological process that involves the activation of numerous types of cells and is characterized by four phases, namely haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. However, on some occasions this healing becomes pathological, resulting in fibrosis. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal fibroblast-like characteristics. Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound extracted from olive oil and has been proven to have several health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HT in type II EMT in human skin wound healing via cell viability, proliferation, migration, and proteins expression. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) isolated from skin samples were cultured in different concentrations of HT and EMT model, induced by adding 5 ng/mL of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to the cells. HT concentrations were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cells’ migrations were evaluated using scratch and transwell migration assay. Protein expressions were evaluated via immunocytochemistry. The result showed that HT at 0.2% and 0.4% significantly increased the proliferation rate of HDF (p < 0.05) compared to control. Scratch assay after 24 h showed increased cell migration in cells treated with 0.4% HT (p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. After 48 h, both concentrations of HT showed increased cell migration (p < 0.05) compared to the TGF-β group. Transwell migration revealed that HT enhanced the migration capacity of cells significantly (p < 0.05) as compared to TGF-β and the control group. In addition, HT supplemented cells upregulate the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin while downregulating the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin in comparison to TGF-β group and control group. This study showed that HT has the ability to inhibit EMT, which has potential in the inhibition of fibrosis and persistent inflammation related to skin wound healing.
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Ma H, Duan X, Zhang R, Li H, Guo Y, Tian Y, Huang M, Chen G, Wang Z, Li L. Loureirin A Exerts Antikeloid Activity by Antagonizing the TGF- β1/Smad Signalling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8661288. [PMID: 35873644 PMCID: PMC9307331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8661288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that loureirin A (LA), a major active component of resina draconis, might be effective in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. We examined whether LA could inhibit the formation of keloids. To investigate the pharmacological effects of loureirin A on keloid formation and the underlying mechanisms. CellTiter-Blue viability assays were used to examine the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) that were treated with LA. Fibroblast migration was evaluated using a cell migration assay. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the expression of α-SMA in KFs. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of Col-I, Col-III, α-SMA, Bax, and Caspase-3, while Western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression of Col-I, Col-III, α-SMA, Bax, Caspase-3, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3. LA inhibited the proliferation of KFs and suppressed the migration and TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation of KFs. In addition, LA downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of Col-I, Col-III, and α-SMA while promoting the mRNA and protein levels of Bax and Caspase-3. Moreover, LA downregulated the protein levels of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in cultured TGF-β1-treated KFs ex vivo. These results show that LA has an antikeloid effect on KFs by suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway. Our findings suggest that LA may be a potential candidate drug for the prevention and treatment of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xingwu Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Runtian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guangshan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Shipping Warehouse, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
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Delivery systems for platelet derived growth factors in wound healing: A review of recent developments and global patent landscape. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Agarwal T, Tan SA, Onesto V, Law JX, Agrawal G, Pal S, Lim WL, Sharifi E, Moghaddam FD, Maiti TK. Engineered herbal scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration: Recent trends and technologies. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Kearney KJ, Ariëns RAS, Macrae FL. The Role of Fibrin(ogen) in Wound Healing and Infection Control. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:174-187. [PMID: 34428799 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen, one of the most abundant plasma proteins playing a key role in hemostasis, is an important modulator of wound healing and host defense against microbes. In the current review, we address the role of fibrin(ogen) throughout the process of wound healing and subsequent tissue repair. Initially fibrin(ogen) acts as a provisional matrix supporting incoming leukocytes and acting as reservoir for growth factors. It later goes on to support re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia. Importantly, removal of fibrin(ogen) from the wound is essential for wound healing to progress. We also discuss how fibrin(ogen) functions through several mechanisms to protect the host against bacterial infection by providing a physical barrier, entrapment of bacteria in fibrin(ogen) networks, and by directing immune cell function. The central role of fibrin(ogen) in defense against bacterial infection has made it a target of bacterial proteins, evolved to interact with fibrin(ogen) to manipulate clot formation and degradation for the purpose of promoting microbial virulence and survival. Further understanding of the dual roles of fibrin(ogen) in wound healing and infection could provide novel means of therapy to improve recovery from surgical or chronic wounds and help to prevent infection from highly virulent bacterial strains, including those resistant to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Kearney
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fraser L Macrae
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Subramaniam T, Fauzi MB, Lokanathan Y, Law JX. The Role of Calcium in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6486. [PMID: 34204292 PMCID: PMC8235376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury is quite common, and the wound healing is a complex process involving many types of cells, the extracellular matrix, and soluble mediators. Cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation are essential in restoring the integrity of the injured tissue. Despite the advances in science and technology, we have yet to find the ideal dressing that can support the healing of cutaneous wounds effectively, particularly for difficult-to-heal chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, bed sores, and venous ulcers. Hence, there is a need to identify and incorporate new ideas and methods to design a more effective dressing that not only can expedite wound healing but also can reduce scarring. Calcium has been identified to influence the wound healing process. This review explores the functions and roles of calcium in skin regeneration and reconstruction during would healing. Furthermore, this review also investigates the possibility of incorporating calcium into scaffolds and examines how it modulates cutaneous wound healing. In summary, the preliminary findings are promising. However, some challenges remain to be addressed before calcium can be used for cutaneous wound healing in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (T.S.); (M.B.F.); (Y.L.)
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Zhang F, Qiao S, Li C, Wu B, Reischl S, Neumann PA. The immunologic changes during different phases of intestinal anastomotic healing. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23493. [PMID: 32692419 PMCID: PMC7676198 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal anatomosis is a complex and multicellular process that involving three overlapped phases: exudative phase, proliferative phase, and reparative phase. Undisturbed anastomotic healings are crucial for the recovery of patients after operations but unsuccessful healings are linked with a considerable mortality. This time, we concentrate on the immunologic changes during different phases of intestinal anastomotic healing and select several major immune cells and cytokines of each phase to get a better understanding of these immunologic changes in different phases, which will be significant for more precise therapy strategies in anastomoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(GMU), Guizhou, 554300, China.,Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich(TUM), Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Song Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(GMU), Guizhou, 554300, China
| | - Chunqiao Li
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich(TUM), Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital of Guizhou Medical University(GMU), Guizhou, 554300, China
| | - Stefan Reischl
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich(TUM), Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Philipp-Alexander Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich(TUM), Munich, 81675, Germany
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Fibrin as a Multipurpose Physiological Platform for Bone Tissue Engineering and Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110556. [PMID: 31661853 PMCID: PMC6920828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone graft is still considered as the gold standard method, bone tissue engineering offers promising alternatives designed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to guide bone regeneration process. In this attempt, due to their similarity to the ECM and their low toxicity/immunogenicity properties, growing attention is paid to natural polymers. In particular, considering the early critical role of fracture hematoma for bone healing, fibrin, which constitutes blood clot, is a candidate of choice. Indeed, in addition to its physiological roles in bone healing cascade, fibrin biochemical characteristics make it suitable to be used as a multipurpose platform for bioactive agents’ delivery. Thus, taking advantage of these key assets, researchers and clinicians have the opportunity to develop composite systems that might further improve bone tissue reconstruction, and more generally prevent/treat skeletal disorders.
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