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Abdelmaqsoud K, Radetic M, Fernández-Cabán C, Widom M, Kitchin JR, Gellman AJ. Structure Sensitive Reaction Kinetics of Chiral Molecules on Intrinsically Chiral Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:13879-13887. [PMID: 39193257 PMCID: PMC11345842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Enantiospecific heterogeneous catalysis utilizes chiral surfaces to resolve enantiomers via structure sensitive surface chemistry. The catalyst design challenge is the identification of chiral surface structures that maximize enantiospecificity. Herein, we develop data driven models for the enantiospecificity of tartaric acid reactions on chiral Cu(hkl)R&S surfaces. Measurements of enantiospecific rate constants were obtained by using curved Cu(hkl)R&S surfaces that enable kinetic measurements on hundreds of chiral surface orientations. One model uses feature vectors derived from generalized coordination numbers to capture the local structure around Cu atoms exposed by the Cu(hkl)R&S surfaces. The second model introduces the use of chiral cubic harmonic functions to capture the symmetry constraints of the face-centered cubic Cu structure. The model using 58 generalized coordination numbers has a fitting error similar to that of the model using only 5 cubic harmonic functions. The two models predict maxima in the enantiospecificity on surfaces with very similar surface orientations. The models developed in this work are applicable for any enantiospecific reaction happening on any chiral material with a cubic lattice structure, opening the way to understanding the surface structure sensitivity of the enantiospecific reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Abdelmaqsoud
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael Radetic
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Carlos Fernández-Cabán
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael Widom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - John R. Kitchin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gellman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Satta M, Zema N, Turchini S, Franchi S, Contini G, Ciavardini A, Grazioli C, Coreno M, de Simone M, Tomellini M, Piccirillo S. Adsorption and Dissociation of R-Methyl p-Tolyl Sulfoxide on Au(111). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16471-16478. [PMID: 37179596 PMCID: PMC10173319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-based molecules producing self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces have long since become relevant functional molecular materials with many applications in biosensing, electronics, and nanotechnology. Among the various sulfur-containing molecules, the possibility to anchor a chiral sulfoxide to a metal surface has been scarcely investigated, despite this class of molecules being of great importance as ligands and catalysts. In this work, (R)-(+)-methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide was deposited on Au(111) and investigated by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The interaction with Au(111) leads to a partial dissociation of the adsorbate due to S-CH3 bond cleavage. The observed kinetics support the hypotheses that (R)-(+)-methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide adsorbs on Au(111) in two different adsorption arrangements endowed with different adsorption and reaction activation energies. The kinetic parameters related to the adsorption/desorption and reaction of the molecule on the Au(111) surface have been estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Satta
- Istituto
per lo studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati-CNR (ISMN-CNR), Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Zema
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Turchini
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Franchi
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Contini
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor
Vergata”, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciavardini
- University
of Nova Gorica, SI-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali-CNR (IOM-CNR), Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali-CNR (IOM-CNR), Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Tomellini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Piccirillo
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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3
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Dong Y, Lemay JC, Zeng Y, Garcia JL, Groves MN, McBreen PH. Substrate Tumbling in a Chemisorbed Diastereomeric α‐Ketoester/1‐(1‐Naphthyl)ethylamine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Laval University: Universite Laval Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | | | - Yang Zeng
- Laval University: Universite Laval Department of Chemistry CANADA
| | - James L. Garcia
- California State University Fullerton Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Michael N. Groves
- California State University Fullerton Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CANADA
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4
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Dong Y, Lemay JC, Zeng Y, Groves MN, McBreen PH. Substrate Tumbling in a Chemisorbed Diastereomeric α-Ketoester/1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210076. [PMID: 36087075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data for α-ketoester/1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine complexes on Pt(111) reveal a tumbling motion that couples two neighboring binding states. The interconversion, resulting in prochiral inversion of the α-ketoester, occurs in single complexes without breaking them apart. This is a surprising observation because the overall motion requires rotation of the α-ketoester away from the surface without branching exclusively into diffusion away from the complex or desorption. The multi-step interconversion is rationalized in terms of sequences of bound states that combine transient H-bond interactions with the chiral molecule and weakened adsorption interactions with the metal. The observation of tumbling in single long-lived complexes is of relevance to self-assembly and directed molecular motion on surfaces, to ligand-controlled surface reactions, and most directly to stereocontrol in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Christian Lemay
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yang Zeng
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michael N Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Peter H McBreen
- CCVC and Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, Qc., G1V 0A6, Canada
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5
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Wang Z, Fernández-Escamilla HN, Guerrero-Sánchez J, Takeuchi N, Zaera F. Adsorption and Reactivity of Chiral Modifiers in Heterogeneous Catalysis: 1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine on Pt Surfaces. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Héctor Noé Fernández-Escamilla
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California 22800, México
| | - Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California 22800, México
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada, Baja California 22800, México
| | - Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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6
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Hong W, Swann WA, Yadav V, Li CW. Haptophilicity and Substrate-Directed Reactivity in Diastereoselective Heterogeneous Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - William A. Swann
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Vamakshi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christina W. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Song B, Kim J, Chung I, Yun Y. Mesoporous silica-supported Pt catalysts in enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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9
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Mameda T, Shimogaki M, Okamoto Y, Sugimura T. Chiral tandem modifiers: highly efficient cinchonidine-derivative modifiers at low concentrations for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ( E)-2,3-diphenylpropenoic acid over Pd/C. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral tandem modifiers linking two or three cinchonidine molecules at the 2′-position of the quinoline ring are highly effective at low concentrations for the enantioselective hydrogenation of PCA over Pd/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Mameda
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Mio Shimogaki
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okamoto
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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10
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Zielinski M, Juszczyk W, Kaszkur Z. Studies of adsorption of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds on heterogeneous Au/CeO2, Au/TiO2 and Au/SiO2 catalysts during reduction by hydrogen. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5312-5323. [PMID: 35425583 PMCID: PMC8981266 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research focuses on phenomena accompanying adsorption of mesityl oxide (4-methylpent-3-en-2-one) on the surface of heterogeneous supported gold catalysts: Au/CeO2, Au/TiO2 and Au/SiO2. We have studied reduction in the gas phase of (volatile) α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (R-(V)ABUCC) which mesityl oxide is a basic model of. In situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to establish that the most active catalysts allow adsorption of conjugated ketones or aldehydes in the enolate (i.e. bridge-like adsorption through the oxygen from the carbonyl group and the β-carbon) and carboxylic form or with the αC
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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βC double bond on a Lewis acidic site. Reductive properties of the catalysts and pure supports were studied by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). We show that cerium(iv) oxide (CeO2, ceria) and titanium(iv) oxide (TiO2, titania) when decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) can interact with hydrogen at temperatures approx. 150 °C lower than typical for pure oxides what includes even cyclic adsorption and instant release of H2 below 100 °C in the case of gold–ceria system. Morphology and structure characterisation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirms that, with the obtained Au loadings, we achieved excellent dispersion of AuNPs while maintaining their small size, preferably below 5 nm, even though the Au/CeO2 catalyst contained broad distribution of AuNPs sizes. We deliver spectroscopic IR data describing the adsorption phenomena accompanying reduction of conjugated carbonyl compounds aided by heterogeneous catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Zielinski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, ul. A. Soltana 7, 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Juszczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kaszkur
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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11
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Schröder C, Haugg PA, Baumann A, Schmidt MC, Smyczek J, Schauermann S. Competing Reaction Pathways in Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Allyl Cyanide: The Chemical Nature of Surface Species. Chemistry 2021; 27:17240-17254. [PMID: 34608688 PMCID: PMC9297874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic study on the formation of an active ligand layer over Pd(111), turning the catalytic surface highly active and selective in partial hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Specifically, we investigate the chemical composition of a ligand layer consisting of allyl cyanide deposited on Pd(111) and its dynamic changes under the hydrogenation conditions. On pristine surface, allyl cyanide largely retains its chemical structure and forms a layer of molecular species with the CN bond oriented nearly parallel to the underlying metal. In the presence of hydrogen, the chemical composition of allyl cyanide strongly changes. At 100 K, allyl cyanide transforms to unsaturated imine species, containing the C=C and C=N double bonds. At increasing temperatures, these species undergo two competing reaction pathways. First, the C=C bond become hydrogenated and the stable N-butylimine species are produced. In the competing pathway, the unsaturated imine reacts with hydrogen to fully hydrogenate the imine group and produce butylamine. The latter species are unstable under the hydrogenation reaction conditions and desorb from the surface, while the N-butylimine adsorbates formed in the first reaction pathway remain adsorbed and act as an active ligand layer in selective hydrogenation of acrolein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schröder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Philipp A. Haugg
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Ann‐Katrin Baumann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Marvin C. Schmidt
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Jan Smyczek
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
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12
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In-situ and operando spectroscopies for the characterization of catalysts and of mechanisms of catalytic reactions. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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14
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Assavapanumat S, Butcha S, Ittisanronnachai S, Kuhn A, Wattanakit C. Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysis with Chiral Encoded Mesoporous Pt-Ir Films Supported on Ni Foam. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3345-3353. [PMID: 34416087 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis is one of the most challenging topics in chemistry, as it allows obtaining enantiomerically pure compounds. Recently, metal layers incorporating molecular chiral cavities, obtained by electroreduction of a metal source in the simultaneous presence of a non-ionic surfactant and asymmetric molecules, have been proposed for a wide range of applications, including enantioselective electroanalysis and electrosynthesis, as well as chiral separation. In contrast to this previous work, solely based on electrochemical phenomena, herein we designed and employed nanostructured chiral encoded Pt-Ir alloys, supported on high surface area nickel foams, as heterogeneous catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Fine-tuning the experimental conditions allows achieving very high enantioselectivity (>80%), combined with improved catalyst stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpet Assavapanumat
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Frontier Research Center (FRC), Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Sopon Butcha
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Frontier Research Center (FRC), Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210, Rayong, Thailand.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Somlak Ittisanronnachai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Frontier Research Center (FRC), Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Frontier Research Center (FRC), Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210, Rayong, Thailand.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Chularat Wattanakit
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Frontier Research Center (FRC), Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210, Rayong, Thailand
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15
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Dery S, Bellotti P, Ben-Tzvi T, Freitag M, Shahar T, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Glorius F, Gross E. Influence of N-Substituents on the Adsorption Geometry of OH-Functionalized Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10029-10035. [PMID: 34370475 PMCID: PMC9234974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of chiral molecules on heterogeneous catalysts is a simple approach for inducing an asymmetric environment to enable enantioselective reactivity. Although the concept of chiral induction is straightforward, its practical utilization is far from simple, and only a few examples toward the successful chiral induction by surface anchoring of asymmetric modifiers have been demonstrated so far. Elucidating the factors that lead to successful chiral induction is therefore a crucial step for understanding the mechanism by which chirality is transferred. Herein, we identify the adsorption geometry of OH-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which are chemical analogues to chiral modifiers that successfully promoted α-arylation reactions once anchored on Pd nanoparticles. Polarized near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements on Pd(111) revealed that NHCs that were associated with low enantioselectivity were characterized with a well-ordered structure, in which the imidazole ring was vertically positioned and the OH-functionalized side arms were flat-lying. OH-functionalized NHCs that were associated with high enantioselectivity revealed a disordered/flexible adsorption geometry, which potentially enabled better interaction between the OH group and the prochiral reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Tzipora Ben-Tzvi
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Tehila Shahar
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM,
Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste 34012, Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM,
Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste 34012, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM,
Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, Trieste 34012, Italy
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute
of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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16
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Schröder C, Schmidt MC, Haugg PA, Baumann A, Smyczek J, Schauermann S. Understanding Ligand‐Directed Heterogeneous Catalysis: When the Dynamically Changing Nature of the Ligand Layer Controls the Hydrogenation Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schröder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Marvin C. Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Philipp A. Haugg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Ann‐Katrin Baumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Smyczek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Max-Eyth-Str. 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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17
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Schröder C, Schmidt MC, Haugg PA, Baumann AK, Smyczek J, Schauermann S. Understanding Ligand-Directed Heterogeneous Catalysis: When the Dynamically Changing Nature of the Ligand Layer Controls the Hydrogenation Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16349-16354. [PMID: 34008906 PMCID: PMC8362066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic study on the formation and dynamic changes of a ligand‐based heterogeneous Pd catalyst for chemoselective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Deposition of allyl cyanide as a precursor of a ligand layer renders Pd highly active and close to 100 % selective toward propenol formation by promoting acrolein adsorption in a desired configuration via the C=O end. Employing a combination of real‐space microscopic and in‐operando spectroscopic surface‐sensitive techniques, we show that an ordered active ligand layer is formed under operational conditions, consisting of stable N‐butylimine species. In a competing process, unstable amine species evolve on the surface, which desorb in the course of the reaction. Obtained atomistic‐level insights into the formation and dynamic evolution of the active ligand layer under operational conditions provide important input required for controlling chemoselectivity by purposeful surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schröder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marvin C Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp A Haugg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Baumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Smyczek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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18
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Im SW, Ahn HY, Kim RM, Cho NH, Kim H, Lim YC, Lee HE, Nam KT. Chiral Surface and Geometry of Metal Nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905758. [PMID: 31834668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a basic property of nature and has great importance in photonics, biochemistry, medicine, and catalysis. This importance has led to the emergence of the chiral inorganic nanostructure field in the last two decades, providing opportunities to control the chirality of light and biochemical reactions. While the facile production of 3D nanostructures has remained a major challenge, recent advances in nanocrystal synthesis have provided a new pathway for efficient control of chirality at the nanoscale by transferring molecular chirality to the geometry of nanocrystals. Interestingly, this discovery stems from a purely crystallographic outcome: chirality can be generated on high-Miller-index surfaces, even for highly symmetric metal crystals. This is the starting point herein, with an overview of the scientific history and a summary of the crystallographic definition. With the advance of nanomaterial synthesis technology, high-Miller-index planes can be selectively exposed on metallic nanoparticles. The enantioselective interaction of chiral molecules and high-Miller-index facets can break the mirror symmetry of the metal nanocrystals. Herein, the fundamental principle of chirality evolution is emphasized and it is shown how chiral surfaces can be directly correlated with chiral morphologies, thus serving as a guide for researchers in chiral catalysts, chiral plasmonics, chiral metamaterials, and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Yong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nam Heon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeohn Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yae-Chan Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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19
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Shukla N, Gellman AJ. Chiral metal surfaces for enantioselective processes. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:939-945. [PMID: 32747699 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chiral surfaces are critical components of enantioselective heterogeneous processes such as those used to prepare enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals. While the majority of chiral surfaces in practical use are based on achiral materials whose surfaces have been modified with enantiomerically pure chiral adsorbates, there are many inorganic materials with valuable surface properties that could be rendered enantiospecific, if their surfaces were intrinsically chiral. This Perspective discusses recent developments in the fabrication of intrinsically chiral surfaces exhibiting enantiospecific adsorption, surface chemistry and electron emission. We propose possible paths to the scalable fabrication of high-surface-area, enantiomerically pure surfaces and discuss opportunities for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shukla
- Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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20
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Westphal G, Wega J, Dissanayake REA, Schäfer T. Chirality detection of surface desorption products using photoelectron circular dichroism. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054707. [PMID: 32770893 DOI: 10.1063/5.0014917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality detection of gas-phase molecules at low concentrations is challenging as the molecular number density is usually too low to perform conventional circular dichroism absorption experiments. In recent years, new spectroscopic methods have been developed to detect chirality in the gas phase. In particular, the angular distribution of photoelectrons after multiphoton laser ionization of chiral molecules using circularly polarized light is highly sensitive to the enantiomeric form of the ionized molecule [multiphoton photoelectron circular dichroism (MP-PECD)]. In this paper, we employ the MP-PECD as an analytic tool for chirality detection of the bicyclic monoterpene fenchone desorbing from a Ag(111) crystal. We record velocity-resolved kinetics of fenchone desorption on Ag(111) using pulsed molecular beams with ion imaging techniques. In addition, we measure temperature-programmed desorption spectra of the same system. Both experiments indicate weak physisorption of fenchone on Ag(111). We combine both experimental techniques with enantiomer-specific detection by recording MP-PECD of desorbing molecules using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. We can clearly assign the enantiomeric form of the desorption product fenchone in sub-monolayer concentration. The experiment demonstrates the combination of MP-PECD with surface science experiments, paving the way for enantiomer-specific detection of surface reaction products on heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Westphal
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Wega
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rasika E A Dissanayake
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Schilling AC, Therrien AJ, Hannagan RT, Marcinkowski MD, Kress PL, Patel DA, Balema TA, Larson AM, Lucci FR, Coughlin BP, Zhang R, Thuening T, Çınar V, McEwen JS, Gellman AJ, Sykes ECH. Templated Growth of a Homochiral Thin Film Oxide. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4682-4688. [PMID: 32186852 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chiral surfaces are of growing interest for enantioselective adsorption and reactions. While metal surfaces can be prepared with a wide range of chiral surface orientations, chiral oxide surface preparation is more challenging. We demonstrate the chirality of a metal surface can be used to direct the homochiral growth of a thin film chiral oxide. Specifically, we study the chiral "29" copper oxide, formed by oxidizing a Cu(111) single crystal at 650 K. Surface structure spread single crystals, which expose a continuous distribution of surface orientations as a function of position on the crystal, enable us to systematically investigate the mechanism of chirality transfer between the metal and the surface oxide with high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. We discover that the local underlying metal facet directs the orientation and chirality of the oxide overlayer. Importantly, single homochiral domains of the "29" oxide were found in areas where the Cu step edges that templated growth were ≤20 nm apart. We use this information to select a Cu(239 241 246) oriented single crystal and demonstrate that a "29" oxide surface can be grown in homochiral domains by templating from the subtle chirality of the underlying metal crystal. This work demonstrates how a small degree of chirality induced by slight misorientation of a metal surface (∼1 sites/20 nm2) can be amplified by oxidation to yield a homochiral oxide with a regular array of chiral oxide pores (∼75 sites/20 nm2). This offers a general approach for making chiral oxide surfaces via oxidation of an appropriately "miscut" metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andrew J Therrien
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ryan T Hannagan
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | | | - Paul L Kress
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Dipna A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Tedros A Balema
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Amanda M Larson
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Felicia R Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Benjamin P Coughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Renqin Zhang
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Theodore Thuening
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Volkan Çınar
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jean-Sabin McEwen
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andrew J Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - E Charles H Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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22
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Lemay JC, Dong Y, Albert V, Inouye M, Groves MN, Boukouvalas J, McBreen PH. Relative Abundances of Surface Diastereomeric Complexes Formed by Two Chiral Modifiers That Differ by a Methyl Group. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Dong
- CCVC et Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincent Albert
- CCVC et Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Monica Inouye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - Michael N. Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, United States
| | - John Boukouvalas
- CCVC et Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Peter H. McBreen
- CCVC et Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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23
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Pirovano V, Abbiati G, Brambilla E, Rossi E. Vinyl‐/Furoindoles and Gold Catalysis: New Achievements and Future Perspectives for the Synthesis of Complex Indole Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirovano
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini” Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche 21, Via Venezian 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Giorgio Abbiati
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini” Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche 21, Via Venezian 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elisa Brambilla
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini” Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche 21, Via Venezian 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini” Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche 21, Via Venezian 20133 Milano Italy
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24
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Ahadi E, Hosseini-Monfared H, Schlüsener C, Janiak C, Farokhi A. Chirally-Modified Graphite Oxide as Chirality Inducing Support for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins with Grafted Manganese Porphyrin. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Kartouzian A. Spectroscopy for model heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis. Chirality 2019; 31:641-657. [PMID: 31318108 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis has vastly benefited from investigations performed on model systems under well-controlled conditions. The application of most of the techniques utilized for such studies is not feasible for asymmetric reactions as enantiomers possess identical physical and chemical properties unless while interacting with polarized light and other chiral entities. A thorough investigation of a heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic process should include probing the catalyst prior to, during, and after the reaction as well as the analysis of reaction products to evaluate the achieved enantiomeric excess. I present recent studies that demonstrate the strength of chiroptical spectroscopic methods to tackle the challenges in investigating model heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis covering all the abovementioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aras Kartouzian
- Lehrstuhl für physikalische Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
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26
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Attia S, Schmidt MC, Schröder C, Schauermann S. Formation and Stabilization Mechanisms of Enols on Pt through Multiple Hydrogen Bonding. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Attia
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marvin C. Schmidt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schröder
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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27
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Larson AM, Groden K, Hannagan RT, McEwen JS, Sykes ECH. Understanding Enantioselective Interactions by Pulling Apart Molecular Rotor Complexes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5939-5946. [PMID: 31070888 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective interactions underpin many important phenomena from biological mechanisms to chemical catalysis. In this regard, there is great interest in understanding these effects at the molecular level. Surfaces provide a platform for these studies and aid in the long-term goal of designing heterogeneous enantiospecific interfaces. Herein we report a model system consisting of molecular rotors, one intrinsically chiral (propylene oxide) and one that becomes chiral when adsorbed on a surface (propene). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements enable the chirality of each individual molecule to be directly visualized, and density functional theory based calculations are performed to rationalize the chiral time-averaged appearance of the molecular rotors. While there are no attractive intermolecular interactions between the molecular species themselves, when mixed together there is a strong preference for the formation of 1:1 heteromolecular pairs. We demonstrate that STM tip-induced molecular manipulations can be used to assemble these complexes, examine the chirality of each species, and thereby interrogate if their interactions are enantioselective. A statistical analysis of this data reveals that intrinsically chiral propylene oxide preferentially binds one of the enantiomers of propene with a 3:2 ratio, thereby demonstrating that the surface chirality of small nonchiral molecules can be directed with a chiral modifier. As such, this investigation sheds light onto previously reported ensemble studies in which chirally seeded layers of molecules that are achiral in the gas phase can lead to an amplification of enantioselective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Larson
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Kyle Groden
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Ryan T Hannagan
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Jean-Sabin McEwen
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Department of Physics , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
- Institute of Integrated Catalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - E Charles H Sykes
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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28
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Attia S, Spadafora EJ, Hartmann J, Freund HJ, Schauermann S. Molecular beam/infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy apparatus for probing heterogeneously catalyzed reactions on functionalized and nanostructured model surfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053903. [PMID: 31153295 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new custom-designed ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) apparatus combining molecular beam techniques and in situ surface spectroscopy for reactivity measurements on complex nanostructured model surfaces is described. It has been specifically designed to study the mechanisms, kinetics, and dynamics of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions over well-defined model catalysts consisting of metal nanoparticles supported on thin oxide films epitaxially grown on metal single crystals. The reactivity studies can be performed in a broad pressure range starting from UHV up to the ambient pressure conditions. The UHV system includes (i) a preparation chamber providing the experimental techniques required for the preparation and structural characterization of single-crystal based model catalysts such as oxide supported metal particles or ordered oxide surfaces and (ii) the reaction chamber containing three molecular beams-two effusive and one supersonic, which are crossed at the same point on the sample surface, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy for the detection of surface-adsorbed species, and quadrupole mass spectrometry for gas phase analysis. The supersonic beam is generated in a pulsed supersonic expansion and can be modulated via a variable duty-cycle chopper. The effusive beams are produced by newly developed compact differentially pumped sources based on multichannel glass capillary arrays. Both effusive sources can be modulated by a vacuum-motor driven chopper and are capable of providing high flux and high purity beams. The apparatus contains an ambient pressure cell, which is connected to the preparation chamber via an in situ sample transfer system and provides an experimental possibility to study the reactivity of well-defined nanostructured model catalysts in a broad range of pressure conditions-up to ambient pressure-with the gas phase analysis based on gas chromatography. Additionally, a dedicated deposition chamber is connected to the preparation chamber, which is employed for the in situ functionalization of model surfaces with large organic molecules serving as promoters or modifiers of chemical reactions. We present a general overview of the apparatus as well as a description of the individual components and their interplay. The results of the test measurements involving the most important components are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Attia
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evan J Spadafora
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Swetlana Schauermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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29
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Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by Rh Nanoparticles Immobilized in Ionic Liquid. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Schauermann S. Partial Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: Toward Ligand-Directed Heterogeneous Catalysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5555-5566. [PMID: 30204444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we report on the recent progress in atomistic-level understanding of selective partial hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, particularly acrolein, toward unsaturated alcohols over model single crystalline and nanostructured Pd catalysts. This reaction was observed to proceed with nearly 100% selectivity over Pd(111) but not over supported Pd nanoparticles. The origin of the high selectivity was related to formation of a dense overlayer of oxopropyl surface species occurring at the early reaction stages via partial hydrogenation of the C=C bond in acrolein with only one H atom. This oxopropyl overlayer strongly modifies the adsorption and reactive properties of Pd(111), turning it 100% selective toward C=O bond hydrogenation. The underlying reaction mechanism represents a particular case of ligand-directed heterogeneous catalysis, in which the surface adsorbates do not directly participate in the catalytic process as the reaction intermediates but strongly affect the elementary reaction steps via specific adsorbate-adsorbate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Schauermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
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31
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32
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33
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Abstract
Crystal engineering relies upon the ability to predictively control intermolecular interactions during the assembly of crystalline materials in a manner that leads to a desired (and predetermined) set of properties. Economics, scalability, and ease of design must be leveraged with techniques that manipulate the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystal nucleation and growth. It is often challenging to exact simultaneous control over multiple physicochemical properties, such as crystal size, habit, chirality, polymorph, and composition. Engineered materials often rely upon postsynthesis (top-down) processes to introduce properties that would otherwise be challenging to attain through direct (bottom-up) approaches. We discuss the application of crystal engineering to heterogeneous catalysts with a focus on four general themes: ( a) tailored nanocrystal size, ( b) controlled environments surrounding active sites, ( c) tuned morphology with well-defined facets, and ( d) hierarchical materials with disparate pore size and active site distributions. We focus on nonporous materials, including metals and metal oxides, and two classes of porous materials: zeolites and metal organic frameworks. We review novel synthesis methods involving synergistic experimental and computational design approaches, the challenges facing catalyst development, and opportunities for future advancement in crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA;
| | - Aseem Chawla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA;
| | - Thuy T Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4004, USA;
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34
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Meemken F, Rodríguez-García L. Revealing Catalytically Relevant Surface Species by Kinetic Isotope Effect Spectroscopy: H-Bonding to Ester Carbonyl of trans-Ethyl Pyruvate Controls Enantioselectivity on a Cinchona-Modified Pt Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:996-1001. [PMID: 29420894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring active surface species on an operating technical catalyst is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple different adsorption sites and the abundance of bulk species. In this work, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) spectroscopy is introduced to capture the signals of catalytically relevant hydrogenation species from the IR spectroscopic detection in attenuated total reflection mode. The catalytic interface formed between a cinchona-modified Pt/Al2O3 catalyst and the solvent toluene is sensitively probed directly at the rate limiting step(s) during the asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate by measuring the effects of substituting H2 by D2 kinetically and spectroscopically in the same operando experiment. The application of KIE spectroscopy provides unprecedented molecular level insight into the structure of the diastereomeric intermediate surface complex and the phenomenon rate enhancement, which revolutionizes our understanding of chirally modified metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meemken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rodríguez-García
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Abstract
In the present review we survey the main advances made in recent years on the understanding of chemical chirality at solid surfaces. Chirality is an important topic, made particularly relevant by the homochiral nature of the biochemistry of life on Earth, and many chiral chemical reactions involve solid surfaces. Here we start our discussion with a description of surface chirality and of the different ways that chirality can be bestowed on solid surfaces. We then expand on the studies carried out to date to understand the adsorption of chiral compounds at a molecular level. We summarize the work published on the adsorption of pure enantiomers, of enantiomeric mixtures, and of prochiral molecules on chiral and achiral model surfaces, especially on well-defined metal single crystals but also on other flat substrates such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Several phenomena are identified, including surface reconstruction and chiral imprinting upon adsorption of chiral agents, and the enhancement or suppression of enantioselectivity seen in some cases upon adsorption of enantiomixtures of chiral compounds. The possibility of enhancing the enantiopurity of adsorbed layers upon the addition of chiral seeds and the so-called "sergeants and soldiers" phenomenon are presented. Examples are provided where the chiral behavior has been associated with either thermodynamic or kinetic driving forces. Two main approaches to the creation of enantioselective surface sites are discussed, namely, via the formation of supramolecular chiral ensembles made out of small chiral adsorbates, and by adsorption of more complex chiral molecules capable of providing suitable chiral environments for reactants by themselves, via the formation of individual adsorbate:modifier adducts on the surface. Finally, a discussion is offered on the additional effects generated by the presence of the liquid phase often required in practical applications such as enantioselective crystallization, chiral chromatography, and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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36
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Meemken F, Baiker A. Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C═O and C═C Bonds on Supported Noble Metal Catalysts. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11522-11569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Meemken
- Institute for Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfons Baiker
- Institute for Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, Hönggerberg, HCI, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and
UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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38
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Wang Y, Yang S, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Li S, Liu W. Enhancing Enantiomeric Separation with Strain: The Case of Serine on Cu(531). J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8167-8173. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- Nano
Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Nano
Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Computational Sciences and Engineering
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Shuang Li
- Nano
Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano
Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
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39
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Tysoe WT. Giving catalysts a hand. Nat Chem 2017; 9:503-504. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Dong Y, Goubert G, Groves MN, Lemay JC, Hammer B, McBreen PH. Structure and Dynamics of Individual Diastereomeric Complexes on Platinum: Surface Studies Related to Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1163-1170. [PMID: 28418642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The modification of heterogeneous catalysts through the chemisorption of chiral molecules is a method to create catalytic sites for enantioselective surface reactions. The chiral molecule is called a chiral modifier by analogy to the terms chiral auxiliary or chiral ligand used in homogeneous asymmetric catalysis. While there has been progress in understanding how chirality transfer occurs, the intrinsic difficulties in determining enantioselective reaction mechanisms are compounded by the multisite nature of heterogeneous catalysts and by the challenges facing stereospecific surface analysis. However, molecular descriptions have now emerged that are sufficiently detailed to herald rapid advances in the area. The driving force for the development of heterogeneous enantioselective catalysts stems, at the minimum, from the practical advantages they might offer over their homogeneous counterparts in terms of process scalability and catalyst reusability. The broader rewards from their study lie in the insights gained on factors controlling selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Reactions on surfaces to produce a desired enantiomer in high excess are particularly challenging since at room temperature, barrier differences as low as ∼2 kcal/mol between pathways to R and S products are sufficient to yield an enantiomeric ratio (er) of 90:10. Such small energy differences are comparable to weak interadsorbate interaction energies and are much smaller than chemisorption or even most physisorption energies. In this Account, we describe combined experimental and theoretical surface studies of individual diastereomeric complexes formed between chiral modifiers and prochiral reactants on the Pt(111) surface. Our work is inspired by the catalysis literature on the enantioselective hydrogenation of activated ketones on cinchona-modified Pt catalysts. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we probe the structures and relative abundances of non-covalently bonded complexes formed between three representative prochiral molecules and (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine ((R)-NEA). All three prochiral molecules, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (TFAP), ketopantolactone (KPL), and methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate (MTFP), are found to form multiple complexation configurations around the ethylamine group of chemisorbed (R)-NEA. The principal intermolecular interaction is NH···O H-bonding. In each case, submolecularly resolved STM images permit the determination of the prochiral ratio (pr), pro-R to pro-S, proper to specific locations around the ethylamine group. The overall pr observed in experiments on large ensembles of KPL-(R)-NEA complexes is close to the er reported in the literature for the hydrogenation of KPL to pantolactone on (R)-NEA-modified Pt catalysts at 1 bar H2. The results of independent DFT and STM studies are merged to determine the geometries of the most abundant complexation configurations. The structures reveal the hierarchy of chemisorption and sometimes multiple H-bonding interactions operating in complexes. In particular, privileged complexes formed by KPL and MTFP reveal the participation of secondary CH···O interactions in stereocontrol. State-specific STM measurements on individual TFAP-(R)-NEA complexes show that complexation states interconvert through processes including prochiral inversion. The state-specific information on structure, prochirality, dynamics, and energy barriers delivered by the combination of DFT and STM provides insight on how to design better chiral modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Goubert
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michael N. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834, United States
- iNano
and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jean-Christian Lemay
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bjørk Hammer
- iNano
and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter H. McBreen
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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41
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Rodríguez-García L, Hungerbühler K, Baiker A, Meemken F. The Critical Role of Tilted Cinchona Surface Species for Enantioselective Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodríguez-García
- Institute for Chemical and
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg,
HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbühler
- Institute for Chemical and
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg,
HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfons Baiker
- Institute for Chemical and
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg,
HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Meemken
- Institute for Chemical and
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg,
HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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42
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Karakalos S, Zaera F. Monte Carlo Simulations of the Uptake of Chiral Compounds on Solid Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:444-454. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Karakalos
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center
for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center
for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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43
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Galeotti G, Ebrahimi M, Lipton-Duffin J, MacLeod JM, Rondeau-Gagné S, Morin JF, Rosei F. 2D Supramolecular networks of dibenzonitrilediacetylene on Ag(111) stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10602-10610. [PMID: 28397886 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) surface-directed self-assembly of dibenzonitrile diacetylene (DBDA) on Ag(111) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions was investigated by combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and theoretical simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The molecule consists of two benzonitrile groups (-C6H4-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N) on each side of a diacetylene (-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-) backbone. The terminating nitrile (-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N) groups at the meta position of the phenyl rings lead to cis and trans stereoisomers. The trans isomer is prochiral and can adsorb in the R or S configuration, leading to the formation of enantiomeric self-assembled networks on the surface. We identify two simultaneously present supramolecular networks, termed parallel and chevron phases, as well as a less frequently observed butterfly phase. These networks are formed from pure R (or S) domains, racemic mixtures (RS), and cis isomers, respectively. Our complementary data illustrates that the formation of the 2D supramolecular networks is driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between nitrile and phenyl groups (-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]NH-C6H3). This study illustrates that the molecular arrangement of each network depends on the geometry of the isomers. The orientation of the nitrile group controls the formation of the most energetically stable network via intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Galeotti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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44
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Monitoring interconversion between stereochemical states in single chirality-transfer complexes on a platinum surface. Nat Chem 2017; 9:531-536. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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45
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Shen Y, Tian G, Huang H, He Y, Xie Q, Song F, Lu Y, Wang P, Gao Y. Chiral Self-Assembly of Nonplanar 10,10'-Dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl Molecules on Ag(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2993-2999. [PMID: 28260373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of the self-assembly of nonplanar 10,10'-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl (DBBA) molecules on Ag(111) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DBBA molecules have two enantiomorphous adsorption configurations, from which more chiral structures can be formed. At a low coverage [0.4 monolayer (ML)], DBBA forms racemic netlike islands consisting of molecular chains along ⟨1 2 3̅⟩Ag. Moreover, the gliding between the molecular chains gives rise to chiral windmill-like patterns in the islands. At 0.8 ML, DBBA forms a racemic row phase and a homochiral hexamer phase. The molecular appearance difference between the two coexisted phases and the DFT calculated molecular adsorption configuration reveal a decrease in the molecular dihedral angle of DBBA, which implies an enhancement in the intermolecular interactions via CH···π and halogen bonds. The transition from a racemic packing mode to a homochiral one suggests that the suitability of steric configurations is dominant in the close-packing mode under enhanced intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 239 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | | | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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46
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Dong Y, Svane K, Lemay JC, Groves MN, McBreen PH. STM Study of Ketopantolactone/(R)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine Complexes on Pt(111): Comparison of Prochiral and Enantiomeric Ratios and Examination of the Contribution of CH···OC Bonding. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katrine Svane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Michael N. Groves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834, United States
| | - Peter H. McBreen
- Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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47
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Gellman AJ, Huang Y, Koritnik AJ, Horvath JD. Structure-sensitive enantiospecific adsorption on naturally chiral Cu(hkl) R&S surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:034001. [PMID: 27845932 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/29/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The desorption kinetics of a chiral compound, R-3-methylcyclohexanone (R-3MCHO), have been measured on both enantiomers of seven chiral Cu(hkl) R&S surfaces and on nine achiral Cu single crystal surfaces with surface structures that collectively span the various regions of the stereographic triangle. The naturally chiral surfaces have terrace-step-kink structures formed by all six possible combinations of the three low Miller index microfacets. The chirality of the kink sites is defined by the rotational orientation of the (1 1 1), (1 0 0) and (1 1 0) microfacets forming the kink. R-3MCHO adsorbs reversibly on these Cu surfaces and temperature programmed desorption has been used to measure its desorption energetics from the chiral kink sites. The desorption energies from the R- and S-kink sites are enantiospecific, [Formula: see text], on the chiral surfaces. The magnitude of the enantiospecificity is [Formula: see text] ≈ 1 kJ mol-1 on all seven chiral surfaces. However, the values of [Formula: see text] are sensitive to elements of the surface structure other than just their sense of chirality as defined by the rotational orientation of the low Miller index microfacets forming the kinks; [Formula: see text] changes sign within the set of surfaces of a given chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. W.E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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48
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Darling GR, Forster M, Lin C, Liu N, Raval R, Hodgson A. Chiral segregation driven by a dynamical response of the adsorption footprint to the local adsorption environment: bitartrate on Cu(110). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7617-7623. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00622e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bitartrate, a strongly bound chiral modifier, is able to restructure its adsorption footprint on Cu(110) in response to local adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Darling
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - M. Forster
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - C. Lin
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - N. Liu
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - R. Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
| | - A. Hodgson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 3BX
- UK
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49
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Abstract
Molecules provide versatile building blocks, with a vast palette of functionalities and an ability to assemble via supramolecular and covalent bonding to generate remarkably diverse macromolecular systems. This is abundantly displayed by natural systems that have evolved on Earth, which exploit both supramolecular and covalent protocols to create the machinery of life. Importantly, these molecular assemblies deliver functions that are reproducible, adaptable, finessed and responsive. There is now a real need to translate complex molecular systems to surfaces and interfaces in order to engineer 21st century nanotechnology. ‘Top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches, and utilisation of supramolecular and covalent assembly, are currently being used to create a range of molecular architectures and functionalities at surfaces. In parallel, advanced tools developed for interrogating surfaces and interfaces have been deployed to capture the complexities of molecular behaviour at interfaces from the nanoscale to the macroscale, while advances in theoretical modelling are delivering insights into the balance of interactions that determine system behaviour. A few examples are provided here that outline molecular behaviour at surfaces, and the level of complexity that is inherent in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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50
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P-Stereogenic Phosphines for the Stabilisation of Metal Nanoparticles. A Surface State Study. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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