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Mariussen E, Stornes SM, Bøifot KO, Rosseland BO, Salbu B, Heier LS. Uptake and effects of 2, 4, 6 - trinitrotoluene (TNT) in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 194:176-184. [PMID: 29197231 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organ specific uptake and depuration, and biological effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were studied. Two experiments were conducted, the first using radiolabeled TNT (14C-TNT, 0.16mg/L) to study uptake (48h) and depuration (48h), while the second experiment focused on physiological effects in fish exposed to increasing concentrations of unlabeled TNT (1μg-1mg/L) for 48h. The uptake of 14C-TNT in the gills and most of the organs increased rapidly during the first 6h of exposure (12h in the brain) followed by a rapid decrease even though the fish were still exposed to TNT in the water. The radioactivity in the gall bladder reached a maximum after 55h, 7h after the transfer to the clean water. A high concentration of 14C-TNT in the gall bladder indicates that TNT is excreted through the gall bladder. Mortality (2 out of 14) was observed at a concentration of 1mg/L, and the surviving fish had hemorrhages in the dorsal muscle tissue near the spine. Analysis of the physiological parameters in blood from the high exposure group revealed severe effects, with an increase in the levels of glucose, urea and HCO3, and a decrease in hematocrit and the levels of Cl and hemoglobin. No effects on blood physiology were observed in fish exposed to the lower concentrations of TNT (1-100μg/L). TNT and the metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) were found in the muscle tissue, whereas only 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT were found in the bile. The rapid excretion and estimated bioconcentration factors (range of 2-18 after 48h in gills, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and brain) indicated a low potential for bioaccumulation of TNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Mariussen
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Siv Marie Stornes
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kari Oline Bøifot
- Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), P.O. Box 25, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Rosseland
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Lene Sørlie Heier
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Region Øst, P.O. Box 1010 Nordre Ål, 2605 Lillehammer, Norway
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da Costa ST, Gressler LT, Sutili FJ, Loebens L, Fernandes MN, Lazzari R, Baldisserotto B. Humic acid of commercial origin causes changes in gill morphology of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen
exposed to acidic water. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2017; 327:504-512. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio T. da Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Luciane T. Gressler
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes (LAFIPE), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Fernando J. Sutili
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes (LAFIPE), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Luíza Loebens
- Departamento de Morfologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Marisa N. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Zoofisiologia e Bioquímica Comparativa, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Rafael Lazzari
- Departamento de Zootecnia e Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Palmeira das Missões RS Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes (LAFIPE), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria RS Brazil
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Ballesteros ML, Rivetti NG, Morillo DO, Bertrand L, Amé MV, Bistoni MA. Multi-biomarker responses in fish (Jenynsia multidentata) to assess the impact of pollution in rivers with mixtures of environmental contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:711-722. [PMID: 28407588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Ballesteros
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N G Rivetti
- Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D O Morillo
- Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Bertrand
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M V Amé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M A Bistoni
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
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Sanni S, Björkblom C, Jonsson H, Godal BF, Liewenborg B, Lyng E, Pampanin DM. I: Biomarker quantification in fish exposed to crude oil as input to species sensitivity distributions and threshold values for environmental monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 125:10-24. [PMID: 28038348 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine a suitable set of biomarker based methods for environmental monitoring in sub-arctic and temperate offshore areas using scientific knowledge on the sensitivity of fish species to dispersed crude oil. Threshold values for environmental monitoring and risk assessment were obtained based on a quantitative comparison of biomarker responses. Turbot, halibut, salmon and sprat were exposed for up to 8 weeks to five different sub-lethal concentrations of dispersed crude oil. Biomarkers assessing PAH metabolites, oxidative stress, detoxification system I activity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, general cellular stress and histological changes were measured. Results showed that PAH metabolites, CYP1A/EROD, DNA adducts and histopathology rendered the most robust results across the different fish species, both in terms of sensitivity and dose-responsiveness. The reported results contributed to forming links between biomonitoring and risk assessment procedures by using biomarker species sensitivity distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Sanni
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Carina Björkblom
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Jonsson
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Brit F Godal
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Birgitta Liewenborg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Lyng
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Barja-Fernández S, Míguez JM, Alvarez-Otero R. Histopathological effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in the gills, intestine and liver of turbot (Psetta maxima). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:60-8. [PMID: 23816362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants because of their widespread use as flame retardants in various consumer products (plastics, textiles, electronic appliances and building materials) and their long half-life. BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) is the major PBDE congener detected in the environment and in animal tissues. In the present study, the histopathological effects are examined of BDE-47 on the gills, intestine and liver tissues of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima).The specimens were exposed to two concentrations of BDE-47 (0.03 and 0.3 µg/L) for a period of 15 days. The histological changes were detected microscopically and evaluated with quantitative or semi-quantitative analyses. At the doses of BDE-47 assayed, the most common gill injuries were lamellar fusion, blood congestion and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelial and mucous cells. In the intestine of fish exposed to BDE-47, the alterations detected were hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. Hepatic lesions in the liver of fish exposed to BDE-47 were characterized by circulatory disturbances, irregular morphology of hepatocytes, cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, and nuclear vacuolation and pyknosis. As BDE-47 is present in food and other material related to aquaculture systems, our results indicate that exposure to this pollutant could have serious consequences on health in turbot and other cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barja-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Seah TH, Poh HL, Chua CK, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Towards Graphane Applications in Security: The Electrochemical Detection of Trinitrotoluene in Seawater on Hydrogenated Graphene. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Troncoso IC, Cazenave J, Bacchetta C, Bistoni MDLA. Histopathological changes in the gills and liver of Prochilodus lineatus from the Salado River basin (Santa Fe, Argentina). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:693-702. [PMID: 21850399 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the histopathological changes in gills and liver of Prochilodus lineatus inhabiting the Salado River basin. Fish were collected in four different sampling stations. The histological lesions in the tissues were examined under light microscopy and evaluated with quantitative analyses. The morphometric analysis of the gills showed a significant shortening of secondary lamellae and a lower percentage of area for gas exchange in fish from station 1 (an urban area, located near the mouth of the Salado River) in comparison with fish gills from the reference site (station 4, a relatively pristine area). Moreover, a significantly higher area occupied with necrotic foci and the occurrence of an important inflammatory response were observed in fish liver of station 1 than the samples caught from other stations. Thus, histopathological evidences showed differences among sites, which could be related to different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana C Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Paraje El Pozo, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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