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Menjivar NG, Oropallo J, Gebremedhn S, Souza LA, Gad A, Puttlitz CM, Tesfaye D. MicroRNA Nano-Shuttles: Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as a Cutting-Edge Biotechnology Platform for Clinical Use in Therapeutics. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38773366 PMCID: PMC11106895 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous transporters of various active biomolecules with inflicting phenotypic capabilities, that are naturally secreted by almost all cells with a promising vantage point as a potential leading drug delivery platform. The intrinsic characteristics of their low toxicity, superior structural stability, and cargo loading capacity continue to fuel a multitude of research avenues dedicated to loading EVs with therapeutic and diagnostic cargos (pharmaceutical compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and nanomaterials) in attempts to generate superior natural nanoscale delivery systems for clinical application in therapeutics. In addition to their well-known role in intercellular communication, EVs harbor microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the translational potential of receiving cells and thus act as important mediators in numerous biological and pathological processes. To leverage this potential, EVs can be structurally engineered to shuttle therapeutic miRNAs to diseased recipient cells as a potential targeted 'treatment' or 'therapy'. Herein, this review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EV-coupled miRNAs; summarizing the biogenesis, contents, and function of EVs, as well as providing both a comprehensive discussion of current EV loading techniques and an update on miRNA-engineered EVs as a next-generation platform piloting benchtop studies to propel potential clinical translation on the forefront of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jaiden Oropallo
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Orthopaedic Research Center (ORC), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- J.R. Simplot Company, 1099 W. Front St, Boise, ID, 83702, USA
| | - Luca A Souza
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Wang L, Wang W, Hu D, Liang Y, Liu Z, Zhong T, Wang X. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles regulate macrophage polarization: role and therapeutic perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346587. [PMID: 38690261 PMCID: PMC11058222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important cell-to-cell communication mediators. This paper focuses on the regulatory role of tumor-derived EVs on macrophages. It aims to investigate the causes of tumor progression and therapeutic directions. Tumor-derived EVs can cause macrophages to shift to M1 or M2 phenotypes. This indicates they can alter the M1/M2 cell ratio and have pro-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper discusses several key points: first, the factors that stimulate macrophage polarization and the cytokines released as a result; second, an overview of EVs and the methods used to isolate them; third, how EVs from various cancer cell sources, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell sources carcinoma, promote tumor development by inducing M2 polarization in macrophages; and fourth, how EVs from breast carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, lungs carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell sources carcinoma also contribute to tumor development by promoting M2 polarization in macrophages. Modified or sourced EVs from breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer can repolarize M2 to M1 macrophages. This exhibits anti-tumor activities and offers novel approaches for tumor treatment. Therefore, we discovered that macrophage polarization to either M1 or M2 phenotypes can regulate tumor development. This is based on the description of altering macrophage phenotypes by vesicle contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Die Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhanyu Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Guo S, Huang J, Li G, Chen W, Li Z, Lei J. The role of extracellular vesicles in circulating tumor cell-mediated distant metastasis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:193. [PMID: 38037077 PMCID: PMC10688140 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are very closely related in the process of distant tumor metastasis. Primary tumors are shed and released into the bloodstream to form CTCs that are referred to as seeds to colonize and grow in soil-like distant target organs, while EVs of tumor and nontumor origin act as fertilizers in the process of tumor metastasis. There is no previous text that provides a comprehensive review of the role of EVs on CTCs during tumor metastasis. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of EVs on CTCs during tumor metastasis, including the ability of EVs to enhance the shedding of CTCs, protect CTCs in circulation and determine the direction of CTC metastasis, thus affecting the distant metastasis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyin Guo
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Genpeng Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Ma L, Jiang J, Si Q, Chen C, Duan Z. IGF2BP3 Enhances the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumors by Regulating the Properties of Macrophages and CD8 + T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1308-1320. [PMID: 37719968 PMCID: PMC10500288 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Overexpression of IGF2BP3 is associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment (TME) is not well characterized. Here, we investigated the effects of IGF2BP3 on macrophages and CD8+ T cells within the TME of HCC. Methods The relationship between IGF2BP3 and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using online bioinformatics tools. Knockout of IGF2BP3 in mouse hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 was established using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In vitro cell coculture and subcutaneously implanted hepatoma mice model were used to explore the effects of IGF2BP3 on immune cells. Expression of CCL5 or transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding of IGF2BP3 and its target RNA was verified by trimolecular fluorescence complementation system and RNA immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative or semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results IGF2BP3 expression was elevated in HCC and was positively correlated with macrophage infiltration. Patients with higher IGF2BP3 expression and lower macrophage infiltration had a better survival rate. We found that IGF2BP3 could bind to the mRNA of CCL5 or TGF-β1, increasing their expression, and inducing macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization while inhibiting the activation of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, inhibition of IGF2BP3 combined with anti-CD47 antibody treatment significantly suppressed the growth of hepatoma in Hepa1-6 xenograft tumor mice. Conclusions IGF2BP3 promoted the infiltration and M2-polarization of macrophages and suppressed CD8+ T activation by enhancing CCL5 and TGF-β1 expression, which facilitated the progression of Hepa1-6 xenograft tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Ma
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Si
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Neo SH, Her Z, Othman R, Tee CA, Ong LC, Wang Y, Tan I, Tan J, Yang Y, Yang Z, Chen Q, Boyer LA. Expansion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with enhanced immunomodulatory properties. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:259. [PMID: 37726837 PMCID: PMC10510228 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have broad potential as a cell therapy including for the treatment of drug-resistant inflammatory conditions with abnormal T cell proliferation such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Clinical success, however, has been complicated by the heterogeneity of culture-expanded MSCs as well as donor variability. Here, we devise culture conditions that promote expansion of MSCs with enhanced immunomodulatory functions both in vitro and in animal models of GVHD. METHODS Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were expanded at high-confluency (MSCHC) and low-confluency state (MSCLC). Their immunomodulatory properties were evaluated with in vitro co-culture assays based on suppression of activated T cell proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated T cells. Metabolic state of these cells was determined, while RNA sequencing was performed to explore transcriptome of these MSCs. Ex vivo expanded MSCHC or MSCLC was injected into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-induced GVHD mouse model to determine their in vivo therapeutic efficacy based on clinical grade scoring, human CD45+ blood count and histopathological examination. RESULTS As compared to MSCLC, MSCHC significantly reduced both the proliferation of anti-CD3/CD28-activated T cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon MSCHC co-culture across several donors even in the absence of cytokine priming. Mechanistically, metabolic analysis of MSCHC prior to co-culture with activated T cells showed increased glycolytic metabolism and lactate secretion compared to MSCLC, consistent with their ability to inhibit T cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis further revealed differential expression of immunomodulatory genes including TRIM29, BPIFB4, MMP3 and SPP1 in MSCHC as well as enriched pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cell adhesion and PI3K-AKT signalling. Lastly, we demonstrate in a human PBMC-induced GVHD mouse model that delivery of MSCHC showed greater suppression of inflammation and improved outcomes compared to MSCLC and saline controls. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that ex vivo expansion of MSCs at high confluency alters the metabolic and transcriptomic states of these cells. Importantly, this approach maximizes the production of MSCs with enhanced immunomodulatory functions without priming, thus providing a non-invasive and generalizable strategy for improving the use of MSCs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hui Neo
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rashidah Othman
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ching Ann Tee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Li Ching Ong
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Irwin Tan
- Invivocue Pte Ltd, 51 Science Park Road, #01-11/13 The Aries, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117586, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jaylen Tan
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanmeng Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, NUHS, 1E Kent Ridge RoadTower Block 11, Singapore, 119288, Republic of Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore, 117510, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Laurie A Boyer
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized Medicine (CAMP), Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 Create Way, Enterprise Wing, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Lv S, Wang J, Li L. Extracellular vesicular lncRNA FAL1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by inducing macrophage M2 polarization. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:669-682. [PMID: 37147492 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence finds that circulating exosomal lncRNA focally amplified lncRNA on chromosome 1 (FAL1) promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of serum extracellular vesicular FAL1 in HCC progression remains elusive. Here, we extracted extracellular vesicles (EVs) from serum samples of HCC patients and healthy volunteers, and found that FAL1 was highly enriched in the serum EVs of HCC patients. Then, macrophages were treated with EVs alone or together with small interfering RNA against FAL1 (si-FAL1). The data indicated that FAL1-enriched EVs induced macrophage M2 polarization, while silencing FAL1 in macrophages antagonized the role of EVs. Moreover, HepG2 cells were co-cultured with the conditioned macrophages, and co-culturing with EVs-incubated macrophages promoted HepG2 cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle progression, and colony formation, and inhibited cell apoptosis and sorafenib sensitivity, while interfering FAL1 in macrophages reversed these effects. Consistently, ectopic expression of FAL1 in macrophages also induced macrophage M2 polarization, and co-culture of FAL1-overexpressing macrophages with HepG2 cells facilitated the malignant progression of HepG2 cells. Furthermore, co-culturing HepG2 cells with EVs-incubated macrophages activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and treatment with a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor IWP-2 partially neutralized the effect of EVs-incubated macrophages on HepG2 cell malignant behaviors. Additionally, FAL1 enriched EVs-incubated macrophages markedly increased mouse xenograft tumor growth. In conclusion, extracellular vesicular lncRNA FAL1 promotes macrophage M2 polarization and further activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HCC cells, thus promoting HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samei Lv
- Department of Elderly Digestive, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Nano Delivery Platform to the Brain? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:285-308. [PMID: 36173500 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A very important cause of the frustration with drug therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the failure of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic molecules from entering the brain while maintaining CNS homeostasis. Scientists are keen to develop new brain drug delivery systems to solve this dilemma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a class of naturally derived nanoscale vesicles, have been extensively studied in drug delivery due to their superior properties. This review will briefly present current brain drug delivery strategies, including invasive and non-invasive techniques that target the brain, and the application of nanocarriers developed for brain drug delivery in recent years, especially EVs. The cellular origin of EVs affects the surface protein, size, yield, luminal composition, and other properties of EVs, which are also crucial in determining whether EVs are useful as drug carriers. Stem cell-derived EVs, which inherit the properties of parental cells and avoid the drawbacks of cell therapy, have always been favored by researchers. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the application of stem cell-derived EVs for drug delivery in the CNS. Various nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs are loaded into EVs with or without modification and undergo targeted delivery to the brain to achieve their therapeutic effects. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers will also be discussed. The directions of future efforts may be to improve drug loading efficiency and precise targeting.
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Gan L, Yang C, Zhao L, Wang S, Gao Z, Ye Y. Prognostic Biomarker SPOCD1 and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020209. [PMID: 36830578 PMCID: PMC9953389 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological role of the spen paralogue and orthologue C-terminal domain containing 1 (SPOCD1) has been investigated in human malignancies, but its function in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. This study investigated the association between SPOCD1 expression and clinicopathological features of CRC cases, as well as its prognostic value and biological function based on large-scale databases and clinical samples. The results showed that the expression level of SPOCD1 was elevated in CRC, which was generally associated with shortened survival time and poor clinical indexes, including advanced T, N, and pathologic stages. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated SPOCD1 expression was an independent factor for poor prognosis in CRC patients. Functional enrichment analysis of SPOCD1 and its co-expressed genes revealed that SPOCD1 could act as an oncogene by regulating gene expression in essential functions and pathways of tumorigenesis, such as extracellular matrix organization, chemokine signaling pathways, and calcium signaling pathways. In addition, immune cell infiltration results showed that SPOCD1 expression was associated with various immune cells, especially macrophages. Furthermore, our findings suggested a possible function for SPOCD1 in the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 in CRC. In conclusion, SPOCD1 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for CRC, opening new avenues for research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Changjiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhidong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Y.Y.)
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Wang Z, Tong Q, Li T, Qian Y. Nano drugs delivery system: A novel promise for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:906350. [PMID: 36386310 PMCID: PMC9645120 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.906350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common sustained tachyarrhythmias worldwide, and its prevalence is positively correlated with aging. AF not only significantly reduces the quality of life of patients but also causes a series of complications, such as thromboembolism, stroke, and heart failure, increases the average number of hospitalizations of patients, and places a huge economic burden on patients and society. Traditional drug therapy and ablation have unsatisfactory success rates, high recurrence rates, and the risk of serious complications. Surgical treatment is highly traumatic. The nano drug delivery system has unique physical and chemical properties, and in the application of AF treatment, whether it is used to assist in enhancing the ablation effect or for targeted therapy, it provides a safer, more effective and more economical treatment strategy.
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Wang DC, Liu X, Powell CA, Wang X. Novel paradigms of macrophage biology and function: identification of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:553-556. [PMID: 35844006 PMCID: PMC9288927 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Catherine Wang
- Emergency Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles A Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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