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Shuai Y, Zheng M, Kundu SC, Mao C, Yang M. Bioengineered Silk Protein-Based 3D In Vitro Models for Tissue Engineering and Drug Development: From Silk Matrix Properties to Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401458. [PMID: 39009465 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
3D in vitro model has emerged as a valuable tool for studying tissue development, drug screening, and disease modeling. 3D systems can accurately replicate tissue microstructures and physiological features, mirroring the in vivo microenvironment departing from conventional 2D cell cultures. Various 3D in vitro models utilizing biomacromolecules like collagen and synthetic polymers have been developed to meet diverse research needs and address the complex challenges of contemporary research. Silk proteins, bearing structural and functional similarities to collagen, have been increasingly employed to construct advanced 3D in vitro systems, surpassing the limitations of 2D cultures. This review examines silk proteins' composition, structure, properties, and functions, elucidating their role in 3D in vitro models. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications involving silk-based organoid models are discussed. In particular, the unique physiological attributes of silk matrix constituents in in vitro tissue constructs are highlighted, providing a meticulous evaluation of their importance. Additionally, it outlines the current research hurdles and complexities while contemplating future avenues, thereby paving the way for developing complex and biomimetic silk protein-based microtissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Meidan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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2
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Zhou Z, Song P, Wu Y, Wang M, Shen C, Ma Z, Ren X, Wang X, Chen X, Hu Y, Li Z, Zhang Q, Li M, Geng Z, Su J. Dual-network DNA-silk fibroin hydrogels with controllable surface rigidity for regulating chondrogenic differentiation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1465-1483. [PMID: 38221872 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease known for cartilage degeneration, leading to a substantial burden on individuals and society due to its high disability rate. However, current clinical treatments for cartilage defects remain unsatisfactory due to the unclear mechanisms underlying cartilage regeneration. Tissue engineering hydrogels have emerged as an attractive approach in cartilage repair. Recent research studies have indicated that stem cells can sense the mechanical strength of hydrogels, thereby regulating their differentiation fate. In this study, we present the groundbreaking construction of dual-network DNA-silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels with controllable surface rigidity. The supramolecular networks, formed through DNA base-pairing, induce the development of β-sheet structures by constraining and aggregating SF molecules. Subsequently, SF was cross-linked via horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated enzyme reactions to form the second network. Experimental results demonstrated a positive correlation between the surface rigidity of dual-network DNA-SF hydrogels and the DNA content. Interestingly, it was observed that dual-network DNA-SF hydrogels with moderate surface rigidity exhibited the highest effectiveness in facilitating the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their chondrogenic differentiation. Transcriptome sequencing further confirmed that dual-network DNA-SF hydrogels primarily enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by upregulating the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways while accelerating collagen II synthesis. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that dual-network DNA-SF hydrogels with moderate surface rigidity significantly accelerated cartilage regeneration. In summary, the dual-network DNA-SF hydrogels represent a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Peiran Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Congyi Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ren
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
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3
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Raut MP, Asare E, Syed Mohamed SMD, Amadi EN, Roy I. Bacterial Cellulose-Based Blends and Composites: Versatile Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:986. [PMID: 36674505 PMCID: PMC9865793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose of bacterial origin, known as bacterial cellulose (BC), is one of the most versatile biomaterials that has a huge potential in tissue engineering due to its favourable mechanical properties, high hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and purity. Additional properties such as porous nano-fibrillar 3D structure and a high degree of polymerisation of BC mimic the properties of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), making it an excellent material for the fabrication of composite scaffolds suitable for cell growth and tissue development. Recently, the fabrication of BC-based scaffolds, including composites and blends with nanomaterials, and other biocompatible polymers has received particular attention owing to their desirable properties for tissue engineering. These have proven to be promising advanced materials in hard and soft tissue engineering. This review presents the latest state-of-the-art modified/functionalised BC-based composites and blends as advanced materials in tissue engineering. Their applicability as an ideal biomaterial in targeted tissue repair including bone, cartilage, vascular, skin, nerve, and cardiac tissue has been discussed. Additionally, this review briefly summarises the latest updates on the production strategies and characterisation of BC and its composites and blends. Finally, the challenges in the future development and the direction of future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
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Liu D, Zhao S, Jiang Y, Gao C, Wu Y, Liu Y. Biocompatible Dual Network Bovine Serum Albumin-Loaded Hydrogel-Accelerates Wound Healing. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Iravani S, Varma RS. Cellulose-Based Composites as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248830. [PMID: 36557963 PMCID: PMC9784432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Today, numerous studies have focused on the design of novel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications; however, several challenges still exist in terms of biocompatibility/cytocompatibility, degradability, cell attachment/proliferation, nutrient diffusion, large-scale production, and clinical translation studies. Greener and safer technologies can help to produce scaffolds with the benefits of cost-effectiveness, high biocompatibility, and biorenewability/sustainability, reducing their toxicity and possible side effects. However, some challenges persist regarding their degradability, purity, having enough porosity, and possible immunogenicity. In this context, naturally derived cellulose-based scaffolds with high biocompatibility, ease of production, availability, sustainability/renewability, and environmentally benign attributes can be applied for designing scaffolds. These cellulose-based scaffolds have shown unique mechanical properties, improved cell attachment/proliferation, multifunctionality, and enhanced biocompatibility/cytocompatibility, which make them promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. Herein, the salient developments pertaining to cellulose-based scaffolds for neural, bone, cardiovascular, and skin tissue engineering are deliberated, focusing on the challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (R.S.V.)
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6
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Barbi S, Montorsi M, Maistrello L, Caldironi M, Barbieri L. Statistical optimization of a sustainable fertilizer composition based on black soldier fly larvae as source of nitrogen. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20505. [PMID: 36443376 PMCID: PMC9705433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a statistical optimization of a sustainable coating for core-shell NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) fertilizers was investigated. The environmental green coating was enriched in nitrogen using a biomass and renewable source, namely the nitrogen rich fraction of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia Illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) reared on vegetable waste. A rational approach was proposed with the aim of calculating the best formulation of the coating, considering both its manufacturing behavior, such as adhesion to the core, and its physical properties, such as homogeneity or plasticity. From a circular economy perspective, together with the nitrogen-rich fraction from BSFL (from 51 to 90 wt.%), water and glycerol were considered for the coating formulation in different proportion: from 10 to 32 wt.% and from 0 to 17 wt.% respectively. The Design of Experiments technique was implemented to limit the total number of tests for the coating formulation (18 tests). ANOVA was employed, with the aim of obtaining mathematical models to derive a better precise and objective formulation. The results show that the use of glycerol can be avoided, as well as only a limited amount of water (11 wt.%) is necessary to obtain an optimized coating formulation, thereafter, satisfying the more relevant technological and physical properties for the coating manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Monia Montorsi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Interdepartmental Center for Applied Research and Services in Advanced Mechanics and Motoring, INTER-MECH-Mo.Re., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Maistrello
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorization, BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Caldironi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Law, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via San Geminiano 3, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Barbieri
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Interdepartmental Center for Applied Research and Services in Advanced Mechanics and Motoring, INTER-MECH-Mo.Re., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy ,grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, 41125 Modena, Italy
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7
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Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Engineering a semi-interpenetrating constructed xylan-based hydrogel with superior compressive strength, resilience, and creep recovery abilities. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Johari N, Khodaei A, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Moroni L. Ancient fibrous biomaterials from silkworm protein fibroin and spider silk blends: Biomechanical patterns. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:38-67. [PMID: 36126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm silk protein fibroin and spider silk spidroin are known biocompatible and natural biodegradable polymers in biomedical applications. The presence of β-sheets in silk fibroin and spider spidroin conformation improves their mechanical properties. The strength and toughness of pure recombinant silkworm fibroin and spidroin are relatively low due to reduced molecular weight. Hence, blending is the foremost approach of recent studies to optimize silk fibroin and spidroin's mechanical properties. As summarised in the present review, numerous research investigations evaluate the blending of natural and synthetic polymers. The effects of blending silk fibroin and spidroin with natural and synthetic polymers on the mechanical properties are discussed in this review article. Indeed, combining natural and synthetic polymers with silk fibroin and spidroin changes their conformation and structure, fine-tuning the blends' mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silkworm and spider silk proteins (silk fibroin and spidroin) are biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymers having different types of biomedical applications. Their mechanical and biological properties may be tuned through various strategies such as blending, conjugating and cross-linking. Blending is the most common method to modify fibroin and spidroin properties on demand, this review article aims to categorize and evaluate the effects of blending fibroin and spidroin with different natural and synthetic polymers. Increased polarity and hydrophilicity end to hydrogen bonding triggered conformational change in fibroin and spidroin blends. The effect of polarity and hydrophilicity of the blending compound is discussed and categorized to a combinatorial, synergistic and indirect impacts. This outlook guides us to choose the blending compounds mindfully as this mixing affects the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Johari
- Materials Engineering group, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran.
| | - Azin Khodaei
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Kim J, Choi J, Hyun J. Free-form three-dimensional nanocellulose structure reinforced with poly(vinyl alcohol) using freeze-thaw process. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Recent Advances in Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163335. [PMID: 36015592 PMCID: PMC9415052 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cellulose has attracted much attention because of its excellent properties, such as its hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, low cost and low toxicity. In addition, cellulose and its derivatives contain abundant hydrophilic functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and aldehyde groups), which are good raw materials for synthesizing biocompatible hydrogels. In this paper, the application prospects of cellulose and its derivatives-based hydrogels in biomedical tissue engineering are summarized and discussed through the analysis of recent research. Firstly, we discuss the structure and properties of cellulose, nano celluloses (NC) from different sources (including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and bacterial nano celluloses (BNC)) and cellulose derivatives (including cellulose ethers and cellulose esters) obtained by different modification methods. Then, the properties and preparation methods of physical and chemical cellulose hydrogels are described, respectively. The application of cellulose-based hydrogels as a tissue engineering scaffold (skin, bone and cartilage) in the biomedical field is introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of cellulose-based hydrogels in tissue engineering are summarized.
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12
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Microbial biopolymers in articular cartilage tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Shrivastav P, Pramanik S, Vaidya G, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Singh A, Abualsoud BM, Amaral LS, Abourehab MAS. Bacterial cellulose as a potential biopolymer in biomedical applications: a state-of-the-art review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3199-3241. [PMID: 35445674 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout history, natural biomaterials have benefited society. Nevertheless, in recent years, tailoring natural materials for diverse biomedical applications accompanied with sustainability has become the focus. With the progress in the field of materials science, novel approaches for the production, processing, and functionalization of biomaterials to obtain specific architectures have become achievable. This review highlights an immensely adaptable natural biomaterial, bacterial cellulose (BC). BC is an emerging sustainable biopolymer with immense potential in the biomedical field due to its unique physical properties such as flexibility, high porosity, good water holding capacity, and small size; chemical properties such as high crystallinity, foldability, high purity, high polymerization degree, and easy modification; and biological characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, excellent biological affinity, and non-biotoxicity. The structure of BC consists of glucose monomer units polymerized via cellulose synthase in β-1-4 glucan chains, creating BC nano fibrillar bundles with a uniaxial orientation. BC-based composites have been extensively investigated for diverse biomedical applications due to their similarity to the extracellular matrix structure. The recent progress in nanotechnology allows the further modification of BC, producing novel BC-based biomaterials for various applications. In this review, we strengthen the existing knowledge on the production of BC and BC composites and their unique properties, and highlight the most recent advances, focusing mainly on the delivery of active pharmaceutical compounds, tissue engineering, and wound healing. Further, we endeavor to present the challenges and prospects for BC-associated composites for their application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Shrivastav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160 062, India.,Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kolivery Village, Mathuradas Colony, Kalina, Vakola, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 098, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gayatri Vaidya
- Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, J.S. University, Shikohabad, Firozabad, UP 283135, India.
| | - Bassam M Abualsoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Larissa Souza Amaral
- Department of Bioengineering (USP ALUMNI), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566590, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 11566, Egypt
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14
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Chen YC, Liao HJ, Hsu YM, Shen YS, Chang CH. Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Dialdehyde Methylcellulose-Succinyl-Chitosan Hydrogel Promotes Chondrogenesis in a Porcine Model. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071474. [PMID: 35406348 PMCID: PMC9002496 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitation in the current treatment modalities, such as secondary surgery in ACI and fibrocartilage formation in microfracture surgery, various scaffolds or hydrogels have been developed for cartilage regeneration. In the present study, we used sodium periodate to oxidize methylcellulose and formed dialdehyde methylcellulose (DAC) after dialysis and freeze-drying process, DAC was further mixed with succinyl-chitosan (SUC) to form an DAC-SUC in situ forming hydrogel. The hydrogel is a stiffness, elastic-like and porous hydrogel according to the observation of SEM and rheological analysis. DAC-SUC13 hydrogel possess well cell-compatibility as well as biodegradability. Most bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-pMSCs) were alive in the hydrogel and possess chondrogenesis potential. According to the results of animal study, we found DAC-SUC13 hydrogel can function as a stem cell carrier to promote glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis in the osteochondral defects of porcine knee. These findings suggested that DAC-SUC13 hydrogel combined with stem cell is a potential treatment for cartilage defects repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Jung Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.H.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Yuan-Ming Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.H.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Yi-Shan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.H.); (Y.-S.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.H.); (Y.-S.S.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Bacterial cellulose nanofibrils-reinforced composite hydrogels for mechanical compression-responsive on-demand drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118459. [PMID: 34420719 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a cellulose-reinforced hybrid hydrogel system that not only increases mechanical strength, but also allows on-demand drug release. This hybrid hydrogel is specialized by its semi-interpenetrating network structure in which bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) penetrate through a polyacrylamide (PAM) mesh. We showed that the interpenetrating BCNFs with a higher aspect ratio of 240 increased the compression strength of PAM/BCNF composite hydrogels approximately 3-fold, compared with that prepared with PAM only, stemming from the reinforcing effect of the rigid natural nanofibers between PAM meshes. We also observed that the swelling kinetics depended on the mechanical properties determined by the BCNF aspect ratio. From further studies on drug release, we demonstrated that the tailored composition of BCNFs with PAM retarded drug release by a factor of two compared to PAM only while enabling on-demand drug release in response to the applied compressive stress. These results highlight that our BCNFs-reinforced hydrogel system can be applied as a mechanical stress-responsive smart drug delivery patch.
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16
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Kadier A, Ilyas RA, Huzaifah MRM, Harihastuti N, Sapuan SM, Harussani MM, Azlin MNM, Yuliasni R, Ibrahim R, Atikah MSN, Wang J, Chandrasekhar K, Islam MA, Sharma S, Punia S, Rajasekar A, Asyraf MRM, Ishak MR. Use of Industrial Wastes as Sustainable Nutrient Sources for Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Production: Mechanism, Advances, and Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3365. [PMID: 34641185 PMCID: PMC8512337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanomaterial, bacterial cellulose (BC), has become noteworthy recently due to its better physicochemical properties and biodegradability, which are desirable for various applications. Since cost is a significant limitation in the production of cellulose, current efforts are focused on the use of industrial waste as a cost-effective substrate for the synthesis of BC or microbial cellulose. The utilization of industrial wastes and byproduct streams as fermentation media could improve the cost-competitiveness of BC production. This paper examines the feasibility of using typical wastes generated by industry sectors as sources of nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) for the commercial-scale production of BC. Numerous preliminary findings in the literature data have revealed the potential to yield a high concentration of BC from various industrial wastes. These findings indicated the need to optimize culture conditions, aiming for improved large-scale production of BC from waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Huzaifah
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Bintulu Campus, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu 97000, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nani Harihastuti
- Centre of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology, The Ministry of Industry, Jawa Tengah 50136, Indonesia; (N.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (M.M.H.)
- Laboratory of Technology Biocomposite, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (M.M.H.)
| | - M. N. M. Azlin
- Laboratory of Technology Biocomposite, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Teknologi Mara Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah 72000, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Rustiana Yuliasni
- Centre of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology, The Ministry of Industry, Jawa Tengah 50136, Indonesia; (N.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - R. Ibrahim
- Innovation & Commercialization Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - M. S. N. Atikah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Junying Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - K. Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - M Amirul Islam
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar 144001, India;
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, India
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
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17
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Emre Oz Y, Keskin-Erdogan Z, Safa N, Esin Hames Tuna E. A review of functionalised bacterial cellulose for targeted biomedical fields. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:648-681. [PMID: 33673762 DOI: 10.1177/0885328221998033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC), which can be produced by microorganisms, is an ideal biomaterial especially for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems thanks to its properties of high purity, biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, high crystallinity, 3 D nanofiber structure, porosity and high-water holding capacity. Therefore, wide ranges of researches have been done on the BC production process and its structural and physical modifications to make it more suitable for certain targeted biomedical applications thoroughly. BC's properties such as mechanical strength, pore diameter and porosity can be tuned in situ or ex situ processes by using various polymer and compounds. Besides, different organic or inorganic compounds that support cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation or provide functions such as antimicrobial effectiveness can be gained to its structure for targeted application. These processes not only increase the usage options of BC but also provide success for mimicking the natural tissue microenvironment, especially in tissue engineering applications. In this review article, the studies on optimisation of BC production in the last decade and the BC modification and functionalisation studies conducted for the three main perspectives as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound dressing with diverse approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Emre Oz
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zalike Keskin-Erdogan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neriman Safa
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Esin Hames Tuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Neubauer VJ, Döbl A, Scheibel T. Silk-Based Materials for Hard Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:674. [PMID: 33535662 PMCID: PMC7867174 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hard tissues, e.g., bone, are mechanically stiff and, most typically, mineralized. To design scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration, mechanical, physico-chemical and biological cues must align with those found in the natural tissue. Combining these aspects poses challenges for material and construct design. Silk-based materials are promising for bone tissue regeneration as they fulfill several of such necessary requirements, and they are non-toxic and biodegradable. They can be processed into a variety of morphologies such as hydrogels, particles and fibers and can be mineralized. Therefore, silk-based materials are versatile candidates for biomedical applications in the field of hard tissue engineering. This review summarizes silk-based approaches for mineralized tissue replacements, and how to find the balance between sufficient material stiffness upon mineralization and cell survival upon attachment as well as nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J. Neubauer
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.J.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Annika Döbl
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.J.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.J.N.); (A.D.)
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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19
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Huang L, Yuan W, Hong Y, Fan S, Yao X, Ren T, Song L, Yang G, Zhang Y. 3D printed hydrogels with oxidized cellulose nanofibers and silk fibroin for the proliferation of lung epithelial stem cells. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:241-257. [PMID: 33132545 PMCID: PMC7590576 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-020-03526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomaterial ink consisting of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) nanofibrils was developed for 3D printing lung tissue scaffold. Silk fibroin backbones were cross-linked using horseradish peroxide/H2O2 to form printed hydrogel scaffolds. OBC with a concentration of 7wt% increased the viscosity of inks during the printing process and further improved the shape fidelity of the scaffolds. Rheological measurements and image analyses were performed to evaluate inks printability and print shape fidelity. Three-dimensional construct with ten layers could be printed with ink of 1SF-2OBC (SF/OBC = 1/2, w/w). The composite hydrogel of 1SF-1OBC (SF/OBC = 1/1, w/w) printed at 25 °C exhibited a significantly improved compressive strength of 267 ± 13 kPa and a compressive stiffness of 325 ± 14 kPa at 30% strain, respectively. The optimized printing parameters for 1SF-1OBC were 0.3 bar of printing pressure, 45 mm/s of printing speed and 410 μm of nozzle diameter. Furthermore, OBC nanofibrils could be induced to align along the print lines over 60% degree of orientation, which were analyzed by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The orientation of OBC nanofibrils along print lines provided physical cues for guiding the orientation of lung epithelial stem cells, which maintained the ability to proliferate and kept epithelial phenotype after 7 days' culture. The 3D printed SF-OBC scaffolds are promising for applications in lung tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lujie Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gesheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
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20
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Sriplai N, Pinitsoontorn S. Bacterial cellulose-based magnetic nanocomposites: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 254:117228. [PMID: 33357842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has unique and interesting structural, physical and chemical properties. These characteristics make it very attractive as a starting point for several novel developments in innovative research. However, the pristine BC lacks certain properties, in particular, magnetic property, which can be imparted to BC by incorporation of several types of magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanocomposites based on BC exhibit additional magnetic functionality on top of the excellent properties of pristine BC, which make them promising materials with potential uses in various medical and environmental applications, as well as in advanced electronic devices. This review has compiled information about all classes of BC magnetic nanocomposites fabricated by various synthesis approaches and an overview of applications as well as improved features of these materials. A summary of the key developments of BC magnetic nanocomposites and emphasis on novel advances in this field is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Sriplai
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supree Pinitsoontorn
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), NANOTEC-KKU RNN on Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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