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Walter K, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Ferreira MSV, Frappart PO, Dittrich T, Tiwary K, Meessen S, Lerma L, Daiss N, Schulte LA, Najafova Z, Arnold F, Usachov V, Azoitei N, Erkan M, Lechel A, Brümmendorf TH, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Tabarés E, Günes C, Johnsen SA, Beier F, Sainz B, Hermann PC. Telomerase and Pluripotency Factors Jointly Regulate Stemness in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133145. [PMID: 34201898 PMCID: PMC8268125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of telomerase activity and telomere length in pancreatic CSCs we used different CSC enrichment methods (CD133, ALDH, sphere formation) in primary patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells. We show that CSCs have higher telomerase activity and longer telomeres than bulk tumor cells. Inhibition of telomerase activity, using genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibitor (BIBR1532), resulted in CSC marker depletion, abrogation of sphere formation in vitro and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a positive feedback loop between stemness factors (NANOG, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4) and telomerase, which is essential for the self-renewal of CSCs. Disruption of the balance between telomerase activity and stemness factors eliminates CSCs via induction of DNA damage and apoptosis in primary patient-derived pancreatic cancer samples, opening future perspectives to avoid CSC-driven tumor relapse. In the present study, we demonstrate that telomerase regulation is critical for the "stemness" maintenance in pancreatic CSCs and examine the effects of telomerase inhibition as a potential treatment option of pancreatic cancer. This may significantly promote our understanding of PDAC tumor biology and may result in improved treatment for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Monica S. Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Frappart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tabea Dittrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Kanishka Tiwary
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Lerma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Nora Daiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Lucas-Alexander Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Valentyn Usachov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Andre Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Enrique Tabarés
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Steven A. Johnsen
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Gastroenterology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3—Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-44736
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Dosset M, Castro A, Carter H, Zanetti M. Telomerase and CD4 T Cell Immunity in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061687. [PMID: 32630460 PMCID: PMC7352225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a conserved self-tumor antigen which is overexpressed in most tumors and plays a critical role in tumor formation and progression. As such, TERT is an antigen of great relevance to develop widely applicable immunotherapies. CD4 T cells play a major role in the anti-cancer response alone or with other effector cells such as CD8 T cells and NK cells. To date, efforts have been made to identify TERT peptides capable of stimulating CD4 T cells that are also able to bind diverse MHC-II alleles to ease immune status monitoring and immunotherapies. Here, we review the current status of TERT biology, TERT/MHC-II immunobiology, and past and current vaccine clinical trials. We propose that monitoring CD4 T cell immunity against TERT is a simple and direct way to assess immune surveillance in cancer patients and a new way to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi). Finally, we present the initial results of a systematic discovery of TERT peptides able to bind the most common HLA Class II alleles worldwide and show that the repertoire of MHC-II TERT peptides is wider than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Dosset
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA;
| | - Andrea Castro
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.); (H.C.)
- Health Science, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA;
- Correspondence:
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ALCAM + stromal cells: role in giant cell tumor of bone progression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:299. [PMID: 29463803 PMCID: PMC5833735 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone(GCTB) is a special benign tumor with variable aggressiveness and recurrence rate. Increasing evidences suggest that a subset of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) are present as cancer-initiating cells in a range of malignant tumors. However, the role of CSCs in benign tumor such as GCTB remains unknown, and the connection between the presence of CSCs and biological characteristics of GCTB is unclear. To investigate this issue, we screened a panel of markers of normal stem cells and CSCs and found ALCAM+ stromal cells possessed characteristics of stem-like cells. Subsequently a series of experiments such cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the biological characteristics of ALCAM+ stromal cells in vivo and in vitro. The clinical significance of ALCAM expression were further evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. The ALCAM+ GCTB cells showed the stem cell properties of self renewal and had the capacity to differentiate in vitro. The ALCAM+ GCTB cells showed increased resistance for chemotherapy- or radiation-induced cell death. ALCAM knockdown reduced stem/progenitor characteristics in GCTB Cells. Furthermore, ALCAM expression was associated with outcome in GCTB patients. Our work demonstrates for the first time ALCAM+ tumorigenic sub-population within stromal GCTB cells and may represent a potential therapeutic target in aggressive and recurrent GCTBs.
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Sandri S, De Sanctis F, Lamolinara A, Boschi F, Poffe O, Trovato R, Fiore A, Sartori S, Sbarbati A, Bondanza A, Cesaro S, Krampera M, Scupoli MT, Nishimura MI, Iezzi M, Sartoris S, Bronte V, Ugel S. Effective control of acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia progression by telomerase specific adoptive T-cell therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86987-87001. [PMID: 29152058 PMCID: PMC5675610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase (TERT) is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that preserves the molecular organization at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Since TERT deregulation is a common step in leukaemia, treatments targeting telomerase might be useful for the therapy of hematologic malignancies. Despite a large spectrum of potential drugs, their bench-to-bedside translation is quite limited, with only a therapeutic vaccine in the clinic and a telomerase inhibitor at late stage of preclinical validation. We recently demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of T cell transduced with an HLA-A2-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR), which recognize human TERT with high avidity, controls human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) progression without severe side-effects in humanized mice. In the present report, we show the ability of our approach to limit the progression of more aggressive leukemic pathologies, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). Together, our findings demonstrate that TERT-based adoptive cell therapy is a concrete platform of T cell-mediated immunotherapy for leukaemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ornella Poffe
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Trovato
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Sartori
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Attilio Bondanza
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Department of Pediatric Haematology Oncology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Haematology, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria T Scupoli
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Haematology, Verona, Italy.,University of Verona, Interdepartmental Laboratory for Medical Research (LURM), Verona, Italy
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Section of Immunology, Verona, Italy
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Shang Z, Xu Y, Liang W, Liang K, Hu X, Wang L, Zou Z, Ma Y. Isolation of cancer progenitor cells from cancer stem cells in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3637-3643. [PMID: 28393208 PMCID: PMC5436238 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of cancer treatment may depend on the complete elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, data regarding the current characterization of CSCs in different types of tumor are inconsistent, possibly due to the mixture of CSCs with cancer progenitor cells (CPCs). Therefore, it is important to exclude CPCs for the characterization of CSCs. The present study aimed to characterize gastric cancer stem cells (GCSC) by separating GCPC from gastric progenitor cells (GCSC) with flow cytometry. In total, 615 murine gastric cancer (GC) cells were divided into aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)high, ALDHlow and ALDHneg groups by flow cytometry according to their ALDH activity. With decreased ALDH activity, the expression levels of stemness-associated markers, CD133+, octamer-binding transcription factory-4 and sex determining region Y-box 2 decreased. The ALDHhigh and ALDHlow cells proliferated and formed tumor spheres in ultra-low adhesion medium without serum, however, the latter formed larger tumor spheres. In mice transplanted with 5,000 cells, the rate of tumor formation in the ALDHlow group was significantly higher, compared with that in the ALDHhigh group. Of note, an increased number of mice developed tumors in the ALDHhigh group 16 weeks following the injection of 500 cells, whereas tumors appeared at 8 weeks in the ALDHlow group. The mice in the ALDHneg group exhibited less tumor formation under these conditions. These results demonstrated that ALDHhigh cells had characteristics of GCSCs with a high level of self-renewal ability, but were in a relative resting stage. The ALDHlow cells had characteristics of GCPCs with limited self-renewal ability, but were in a rapid proliferation stage. These findings suggested that the separation of GCPCs from GCSCs is important for elucidating the biology of GCSCs and identifying strategies to eliminate GCSCs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Xu
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Liang
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liang
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Zanetti M. A second chance for telomerase reverse transcriptase in anticancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 14:115-128. [DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Beier F, Masouleh BK, Buesche G, Ventura Ferreira MS, Schneider RK, Ziegler P, Wilop S, Vankann L, Gattermann N, Platzbecker U, Giagounidis A, Götze KS, Nolte F, Hofmann WK, Haase D, Kreipe H, Panse J, Blasco MA, Germing U, Brümmendorf TH. Telomere dynamics in patients with del (5q) MDS before and under treatment with lenalidomide. Leuk Res 2015; 39:S0145-2126(15)30380-5. [PMID: 26427727 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with an acquired, isolated deletion of chromosome 5q (del (5q) MDS), represent a clonal disorder of hematopoiesis and a clinically distinct entity of MDS. Treatment of del (5q) MDS with the drug lenalidomide has significantly improved quality of life leading to transfusion independence and complete cytogenetic response rates (CCR) in the majority of patients. Telomeres are located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes and are linked to replicative history/potential as well as genetic (in) stability of hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we analyzed telomere length (TL) dynamics before and under lenalidomide treatment in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow of del (5q) patients enrolled in the LEMON-5 study (NCT01081431). Hematopoietic cells from del (5q) MDS patients were characterized by significantly shortened TL compared to age-matched healthy controls. Telomere loss was more accelerated in patients with longer disease duration (>2 years) and more pronounced cytopenias. Sequential analysis under lenalidomide treatment revealed that previously shortened TL in peripheral blood cells was significantly "elongated" towards normal levels within the first six months suggesting a shift from clonal del (5q) cells towards normal hematopoiesis in lenalidomide treated MDS patients. Taken together our findings suggest that the development of the del (5q) clone is associated with accelerated telomere shortening at diagnosis. However, upon induction of CCR and reoccurrence of normal hematopoiesis, the lack of a persistent TL deficit argues against telomere-mediated genetic instability neither as a disease-promoting event of del (5q) MDS nor for lenalidomide mediated development of secondary primary malignancies of the hematopoietic system in responding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Beier
- Telomere and Telomerase Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guntram Buesche
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monica S Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wilop
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucia Vankann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aristoteles Giagounidis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, St Johannes Hospital, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Katharina S Götze
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Technical University München, München, Germany
| | - Florian Nolte
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Detlef Haase
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomere and Telomerase Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
The existence of therapy resistant glioma stem cells is responsible for the high recurrence rate and incurability of glioblastomas. The Hedgehog pathway activity plays an essential role for self-renewal capacity and survival of glioma stem cells. We examined the potential of the Sonic hedgehog ligand for sensitizing of glioma stem cells to endogenous nano-irradiation. We demonstrate that the Sonic hedgehog ligand preferentially and efficiently activats glioma stem cells to enter the radiation sensitive G2/M phase. Concomitant inhibition of de novo thymidine synthesis with fluorodeoxyuridine and treatment with the Auger electron emitting thymidine analogue 5-[I-125]-Iodo-4′-thio-2′-deoxyuridine ([I-125]ITdU) leads to a fatal nano-irradiation in sensitized glioma stem cells. Targeting of proliferating glioma stem cells with DNA-incorporated [I-125]ITdU efficiently invokes the intrinsic apoptotic pathway despite active DNA repair mechanisms. Further, [I-125]ITdU completely inhibits survival of glioma stem cells in vitro. Analysis of non-stem glioblastoma cells and normal human astrocytes reveals that glioma stem cells differentially respond to Sonic hedgehog ligand. These data demonstrate a highly efficient and controllable single-cell kill therapeutic model for targeting glioma stem cells.
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Sørensen MD, Fosmark S, Hellwege S, Beier D, Kristensen BW, Beier CP. Chemoresistance and chemotherapy targeting stem-like cells in malignant glioma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 853:111-38. [PMID: 25895710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16537-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a tumor with a dismal prognosis because of failure of current treatment. Glioblastoma cells with stem cell (GSC) properties survive chemotherapy and give rise to tumor recurrences that invariably result in the death of the patients. Here we summarize the current knowledge on chemoresistance of malignant glioma with a strong focus on GSC. Chemoresistant GSC are the most likely cause of tumor recurrence, but it remains controversial if GSC and under which conditions GSC are more chemoresistant than non-GSC within the tumor. Regardless of this uncertainty, the chemoresistance varies and it is mainly mediated by intrinsic factors. O6-methyl-guanidine methyltransferase (MGMT) remains the most potent mediator of chemoresistance, but disturbed mismatch repair system and multidrug resistance proteins contribute substantially. However, the intrinsic resistance by MGMT expression is regulated by extrinsic factors like hypoxia increasing MGMT expression and thereby resistance to alkylating chemotherapy. The search of new biomarkers helping to predict the tumor response to chemotherapy is ongoing and will complement the already known markers like MGMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dahl Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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10
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Farahani E, Patra HK, Jangamreddy JR, Rashedi I, Kawalec M, Rao Pariti RK, Batakis P, Wiechec E. Cell adhesion molecules and their relation to (cancer) cell stemness. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:747-59. [PMID: 24531939 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of search for anticancer drugs targeting solid tumors, this group of diseases remains largely incurable, especially if in advanced, metastatic stage. In this review, we draw comparison between reprogramming and carcinogenesis, as well as between stem cells (SCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), focusing on changing garniture of adhesion molecules. Furthermore, we elaborate on the role of adhesion molecules in the regulation of (cancer) SCs division (symmetric or asymmetric), and in evolving interactions between CSCs and extracellular matrix. Among other aspects, we analyze the role and changes of expression of key adhesion molecules as cancer progresses and metastases develop. Here, the role of cadherins, integrins, as well as selected transcription factors like Twist and Snail is highlighted, not only in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition but also in the avoidance of anoikis. Finally, we briefly discuss recent developments and new strategies targeting CSCs, which focus on adhesion molecules or targeting tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Farahani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN) and
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11
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Wong SY, Kumar S. Matrix regulation of tumor-initiating cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 126:243-56. [PMID: 25081621 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394624-9.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recognition that the progression of many tumors may be driven by specific subpopulations of cells with stem/progenitor-like properties (tumor-initiating cells or TICs, a.k.a. cancer stem cells) represents an important recent paradigm shift in cancer biology and therapeutics. TICs in solid tissues are expected to interface with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can strongly influence cell behavior through a variety of biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. Understanding ECM regulation of TIC behavior is important for developing strategies to isolate, expand, and characterize TICs in a laboratory setting and for understanding the roles ECM-based inputs may play in disease progression and therapy. In this chapter, we discuss how the ECM regulates TICs, starting with a brief overview of TIC biology, isolation, and characterization, molecular mechanisms through which TICs may be regulated by ECM-based signals, and the potential importance of these signals to TIC-driven tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Y Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Liu F, Cao X, Liu Z, Guo H, Ren K, Quan M, Zhou Y, Xiang H, Cao J. Casticin suppresses self-renewal and invasion of lung cancer stem-like cells from A549 cells through down-regulation of pAkt. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:15-21. [PMID: 24247269 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of cancer stem cells is recognized as the cause of tumorigenesis and spreading. To investigate the effects of casticin (5,3'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone), derived from Fructus Viticis Simplicifoliae, on lung cancer stem cells, we isolated and identified a subpopulation of lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) from non-small-cell lung carcinoma A549 cells with the features including self-renewal capacity and high invasiveness in vitro, elevated tumorigenic activity in vivo, and high expression of stemness markers CD133, CD44, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), using serum-free suspension sphere-forming culture method. We then found that casticin could suppress the proliferation of LCSLCs in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.4 μmol/L, being much stronger than that in parental A549 cells. In addition, casticin could suppress the self-renewal and invasion of LCSLCs concomitant with decreased CD133, CD44, and ALDH1 protein expression and reduced MMP-9 activity. Further experiments showed that casticin suppressed self-renewal and invasion at least partly through down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, casticin suppressed the characteristics of LCSLCs, suggesting that casticin may be a candidate compound for curing lung cancer via eliminating cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
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13
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Guvenc H, Pavlyukov MS, Joshi K, Kurt H, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Mao P, Hong C, Yamada R, Kwon CH, Bhasin D, Chettiar S, Kitange G, Park IH, Sarkaria JN, Li C, Shakhparonov MI, Nakano I. Impairment of glioma stem cell survival and growth by a novel inhibitor for Survivin-Ran protein complex. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:631-42. [PMID: 23251006 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease. Recent studies suggest that the stem cell properties of GBM contribute to the development of therapy resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of Survivin and Ran was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with GBM tissues, and quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR and immunocytochemistry with patient-derived GBM sphere cultures. With a computational structure-based drug design, 11 small-molecule compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitor candidates for the molecular interaction of Survivin protein. The molecular mechanism of the lead compound, LLP-3, was determined by Western blot, ELISA, in situ proximity ligation assay, and immunocytochemistry. The effects of LLP-3 treatment on GSCs were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative immunohistochemistry was carried out to compare Survivin expression in tissues from 44 newly diagnosed and 31 recurrent post-chemoradiation GBM patients. Lastly, the sensitivities of temozolomide-resistant GBM spheres to LLP-3 were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Survivin and Ran were strongly expressed in GBM tissues, particularly in the perivasculature, and also in patient-derived GSC cultures. LLP-3 treatment disrupted the Survivin-Ran protein complex in cancer cells and abolished the growth of patient-derived GBM spheres in vitro and in vivo. This inhibition was dependent on caspase activity and associated with p53 status of cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that Survivin expression is significantly increased in recurrent GBM compared with newly diagnosed tumors, and temozolomide-resistant GBM spheres exhibited high sensitivities to LLP-3 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of the Survivin-Ran complex by LLP-3 abolishes survival and growth of GSCs both in vitro and in vivo, indicating an attractive novel therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Guvenc
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Romaguera-Ros M, Peris-Celda M, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Carrión-Navarro J, Pérez-García A, García-Verdugo JM, Ayuso-Sacido A. Cancer-initiating enriched cell lines from human glioblastoma: preparing for drug discovery assays. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:288-98. [PMID: 21717133 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal type of brain tumour in the adult humans. The cancer-initiating cell (CIC) hypothesis supports the notion that failures in current approaches to GBM treatment might be attributed to the survival of the CIC subpopulation. Recent evidence shows the idea that using CIC-enriched cell lines derived from human GBM as new targets for drug discovery programs, may improve the chance of successfully translating the basic research findings into clinical trials. Although this approach appears promising, many important biological and technical issues (characterization of functional CIC markers, inter- and intra-tumoral CIC heterogeneity, and isolation and maintenance inconsistency) need to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Romaguera-Ros
- Department of Cell Morphology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe and RETICS-CIBERNED, AVDA. Autopista del Saler, 16, 46012, Valencia, Spain
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Waldron NN, Kaufman DS, Oh S, Inde Z, Hexum MK, Ohlfest JR, Vallera DA. Targeting tumor-initiating cancer cells with dCD133KDEL shows impressive tumor reductions in a xenotransplant model of human head and neck cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1829-38. [PMID: 21862685 PMCID: PMC3191276 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel anticancer agent was constructed by fusing a gene encoding the scFV that targets both glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of CD133 to a gene fragment encoding deimmunized PE38KDEL. The resulting fusion protein, dCD133KDEL, was studied to determine its ability to bind and kill tumor-initiating cells in vitro and in vivo. The anti-CD133 scFV selectively bound HEK293 cells transfected with the CD133 receptor gene. Time course viability studies showed that dCD133KDEL selectively inhibited NA-SCC and UMSCC-11B, 2 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas that contain a CD133 expressing subpopulation. Importantly, the drug did not inhibit the viability of hematopoietic lineages measured by long-term culture-initiating cell and colony-forming assays from sorted human CD34+ progenitor cells. In addition to in vitro studies, in vivo tumor initiation experiments confirmed that CD133-sorted cells implanted into the flanks of nude mice grew faster and larger than unsorted cells. In contrast, cells that were pretreated with dCD133KDEL before implantation showed the slowest and lowest incidence of tumors. Furthermore, UMSCC-11B-luc tumors treated with multiple intratumoral injections of dCD133KDEL showed marked growth inhibition, leading to complete degradation of the tumors that was not observed with an irrelevant control-targeted toxin. Experiments in immunocompetent mice showed that toxin deimmunization resulted in a 90% reduction in circulating antitoxin levels. These studies show that dCD133KDEL is a novel anticancer agent effective at inhibiting cell proliferation, tumor initiation, and eliminating established tumors by targeting the CD133 subpopulation. This agent shows significant promise for potential development as a clinically useful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate N Waldron
- Department of Pharmacology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC: 367, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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