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Bajagai YS, Petranyi F, Horyanto D, Batacan R, Lobo E, Ren X, Whitton MM, Yu SJ, Kayal A, Stanley D. Ileum transcriptional response to prolonged supplementation with phytogenic product containing menthol, carvacrol and carvone. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09131. [PMID: 35345405 PMCID: PMC8956889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Iyappan P, Bala MD, Sureshkumar M, Veeraraghavan VP, Palanisamy A. D-carvone induced ROS mediated apoptotic cell death in human leukemic cell lines (Molt-4). Bioinformation 2021; 17:171-180. [PMID: 34393434 PMCID: PMC8340696 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature lymphoid cells with chromosomal structural and numerical abnormalities cause the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This hematologic disorder constitutes about 25% of cancer prognosis among children and adolescents. D-Carvone, a monocyclic monoterpene obtained from the essential oils extracted from plants is reported to possess the various biological activities. The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of D-Carvone against the human leukemic Molt-4 cells. The cytotoxicity of DCarvone was analyzed by MTT assay. The level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were determined. The intracellular ROS, MMP and apoptosis were demonstrated by fluorescent staining techniques. The MTT assay revealed that the D-Carvone treatment suppressed the viability of Molt-4 cells and the IC50 was determined at 20 µM/ml. The D-Carvone treatment was increased the oxidative stress and reduced the level of antioxidants in the Molt-4 cell lines. The increased intracellular ROS, apoptotic cell death, and diminished MMP was noted in the D-Carvone treatment. In the Molt-4 cells, D-carvone induced the apoptosis in a time and dose dependent manner by the activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3. Thus, data provide insights for the clinical application of D-Carvone in the treatment of blood cancer Molt-4 cells. Our study suggests the therapeutic potential D-Carvone for the treatment of leukemia in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petchi Iyappan
- Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, School of Bioscience, Mahsa University, Saujana Putra Campus, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Devi Bala
- Research Scholar, Muthayammal College of Arts & Science (A Unit of VANETRA Group), Rasipuram, 637408, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Sureshkumar
- Department of Zoology & Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts & Science (A Unit of VANETRA Group), Rasipuram, 637408, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077
| | - Arulselvan Palanisamy
- Adjunct Associate Professor,Muthayammal Centre for Advanced Research (MCAR), Muthayammal College of Arts & Science (A Unit of VANETRA Group),Rasipuram, 637408, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India
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Pina LTS, Guimarães AG, Santos WBDR, Oliveira MA, Rabelo TK, Serafini MR. Monoterpenes as a perspective for the treatment of seizures: A Systematic Review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153422. [PMID: 33310306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects more than 65 million people worldwide. Treatment for epileptic seizures is ineffective and has many adverse effects. For this reason, the search for new therapeutic options capable of filling these limitations is necessary. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE In this sense, natural products, such as monoterpenes, have been indicated as a new option to control neurological disorders such as epilepsy. STUDY DESIGN Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the monoterpenes that have anticonvulsive activity in animal models. METHODS The searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases in September, 2020 and compiled studies using monoterpenes as an alternative to seizure. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality assessment using the Syrcle tool. RESULTS 51 articles that described the anticonvulsant activity of 35 monoterpenes were selected with action on the main pharmacological target, including GABAA receptors, glutamate, calcium channels, sodium and potassium. In addition, these compounds are capable of reducing neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress caused by seizure. CONCLUSION These compounds stand out as a promising alternative for acting through different pharmacological mechanisms, which may not only reduce seizure, but also promote neuroprotective effect by reducing toxicity in brain regions. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and safety assessment of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lícia T S Pina
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Wagner B da R Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marlange A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Alachkar A, Azimullah S, Ojha SK, Beiram R, Łażewska D, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Sadek B. The Neuroprotective Effects of Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist E177 on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:E4106. [PMID: 31739417 PMCID: PMC6891424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological disorder which severely affects neuronal function. Some patients may experience status epilepticus (SE), a life-threatening state of ongoing seizure activity linked to cognitive dysfunction, necessitating an immediate intervention. The potential of histamine H3 receptors in several neuropsychiatric diseases including epilepsy is well recognized. In the current study, we aimed to explore the effect of H3R antagonist E177 on prevention and termination of pilocarpine (PLC)-induced SE in rats as well as evaluating the effects of E177 on the levels of oxidative stress in hippocampus tissues. The results showed that the survival rate of animals pretreated with E177 (5 and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) was significantly increased during the first hour of observation, and animals were protected from SE incidence and showed a prolonged average of latency to the first seizure when compared with animals pretreated with PLC (400 mg/kg, i.p.). Moreover, the protective effect of E177 (10 mg/kg) on SE was partially reversed when rats were co- administered with H3R agonist R-(α)-methylhistamine (RAM) and with the H2R antagonist zolantidine (ZOL), but not with the H1R antagonist pyrilamine (PYR). Furthermore, pretreatment with E177 (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the abnormal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased levels of glutathione (GSH) in the hippocampal tissues of the treated rats. However, E177 failed to modulate the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), or acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE). Our findings suggest that the newly developed H3R antagonist E177 provides neuroprotection in a preclinical PLC-induced SE in rats, highlighting the histaminergic system as a potential therapeutic target for the therapeutic management of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alachkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE
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Pottoo FH, Tabassum N, Javed MN, Nigar S, Rasheed R, Khan A, Barkat MA, Alam MS, Maqbool A, Ansari MA, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM. The Synergistic Effect of Raloxifene, Fluoxetine, and Bromocriptine Protects Against Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1233-1247. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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da Costa E Silva LD, Pereira P, Regner GG, Boaretto FBM, Hoffmann C, Pflüger P, da Silva LL, Steffens LR, Morás AM, Moura DJ, Picada JN. DNA damage and oxidative stress induced by seizures are decreased by anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of lobeline, a candidate to treat alcoholism. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:53-61. [PMID: 29032429 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The alkaloid lobeline (Lob) has been studied due to its potential use in treatment of drug abuse. This study evaluates the possible anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activities of Lob to obtain new information on its properties that could confirm it as a candidate in the treatment of alcohol addiction. The anticonvulsant effect of Lob was evaluated using a pilocarpine-induced seizure model. In addition, possible neuroprotective effects were investigated measuring DNA damage using the comet assay, assessing free radical levels by dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF) oxidation, and measuring the antioxidant potential using the α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, besides measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in brain tissues. Lobeline increased the latency to the first seizure and decreased the percentage of seizures in a similar way as diazepam, used as control. DNA damage induced by Pil and hydrogen peroxide were decreased in hippocampus and cerebral cortex from mice treated with Lob. The levels of free radicals and CAT activity increased in cortex and hippocampus, respectively, in mice treated with Pil. Lobeline decreased CAT in hippocampus, leading to similar values as in the saline negative control. In conclusion, Lob has anticonvulsant and neuroprotective actions that may be mediated by antioxidant-like mechanisms, indicating its potential as candidate drug in alcoholism therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Dantas da Costa E Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Gregory Regner
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brião Menezes Boaretto
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pflüger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lima da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Reinhardt Steffens
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Moira Morás
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dinara Jaqueline Moura
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Nascimento Picada
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 2425-900, Brazil.
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Naïja A, Kestemont P, Chénais B, Haouas Z, Blust R, Helal AN, Marchand J. Cadmium exposure exerts neurotoxic effects in peacock blennies Salaria pavo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:217-227. [PMID: 28551579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is considered as an important factor involved in several neurological disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Cd in the brain of peacock blennies Salaria pavo, a species used as a bioindicator of water pollution. A sublethal contamination of 2mg CdCl2 L-1 was performed over periods of 1, 4, 10 and 15 days. Total Cd accumulation was measured in brains and displayed low concentrations throughout the experiment. Partial-length cDNA of different ATP-binding cassette transporters (abcb1, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2 proteins) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized. mRNA expressions profiles displayed an up-regulation of abcc2 mRNA after 4 days of Cd exposure only while abcg2 mRNA was down-regulated after 10 days only. For AChE, the mRNA transcription and the activity of the enzyme were followed and highlighted that Cd exerted an inhibitory effect on the nervous information transmission. At the histological level, fish exhibited pathological symptoms in the optic tectum and the cerebellum and results showed that the cerebellum was the most affected organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoit Chénais
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Research unit of Genetic, Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Avicenne 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Justine Marchand
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
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Anticonvulsive activity of (1S)-(−)-verbenone involving RNA expression of BDNF, COX-2, and c-fos. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:863-869. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Carmona-Aparicio L, Zavala-Tecuapetla C, González-Trujano ME, Sampieri AI, Montesinos-Correa H, Granados-Rojas L, Floriano-Sánchez E, Coballase-Urrutía E, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N. Status epilepticus: Using antioxidant agents as alternative therapies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1957-1962. [PMID: 27698680 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epileptic state, or status epilepticus (SE), is the most serious situation manifested by individuals with epilepsy, and SE events can lead to neuronal damage. An understanding of the molecular, biochemical and physiopathological mechanisms involved in this type of neurological disease will enable the identification of specific central targets, through which novel agents may act and be useful as SE therapies. Currently, studies have focused on the association between oxidative stress and SE, the most severe epileptic condition. A number of these studies have suggested the use of antioxidant compounds as alternative therapies or adjuvant treatments for the epileptic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of The Reticular Formation Reticular, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Aristides Iii Sampieri
- Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04150, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Granados-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Esaú Floriano-Sánchez
- Military School of Graduate of Health, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Secretariat of National Defense, Mexico City 11270, Mexico
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Aseervatham GSB, Suryakala U, Doulethunisha, Sundaram S, Bose PC, Sivasudha T. Expression pattern of NMDA receptors reveals antiepileptic potential of apigenin 8-C-glucoside and chlorogenic acid in pilocarpine induced epileptic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:54-64. [PMID: 27470339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of apigenin 8-C-glucoside (Vitexin) and chlorogenic acid on epileptic mice induced by pilocarpine and explored its possible mechanisms. Intraperitonial administration of pilocarpine (85mg/kg) induced seizure in mice was assessed by behavior observations, which is significantly (p>0.05) reduced by apigenin 8-C-glucoside (AP8CG) (10mg/kg) and chlorogenic acid (CA) (5mg/kg), similar to diazepam. Seizure was accompanied by an imbalance in the levels of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the pilocarpine administered group. Moreover, convulsion along with reduced acetylcholinesterase, increased monoamine oxidase and oxidative stress was observed in epileptic mice brain. AP8CG and CA significantly restored back to normal levels even at lower doses. Further, increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite content was also significantly attenuated by AP8CG and CA. However, CA was found to be more effective when compared to AP8CG. In addition, the mRNA expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), mGluR1 and mGlu5 was significantly (P≤0.05) inhibited by AP8CG and CA in a lower dose. The mRNA expression of GRIK1 did not differ significantly in any of the group and showed a similar pattern of expression. Our result shows that AP8CG and CA selectively inhibit NMDAR, mGluR1 and mGlu5 expression. Modification in the provoked NMDAR calcium response coupled with neuronal death. Hence, these findings underline that the polyphenolics, AP8CG and CA have exerted antiepileptic and neuroprotective activity by suppressing glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - U Suryakala
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Doulethunisha
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Campus, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry 607 402, India
| | - S Sundaram
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Chandra Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T Sivasudha
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
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Showraki A, Emamghoreishi M, Oftadegan S. Anticonvulsant Effect of the Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil of Carum Carvi L. Seeds in a Pentylenetetrazol Model of Seizure in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 41:200-8. [PMID: 27217604 PMCID: PMC4876298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carum carvi L. (caraway), known as black zeera in Iran, has been indicated for the treatment of epilepsy in Iranian folk medicine. This study evaluated whether the aqueous extract and essential oil of caraway seeds have anticonvulsant effects in mice. METHODS The anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous extract (200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kg, i.p.) and essential oil (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) of caraway were assessed using pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 95 mg/kg i.p.) induced convulsions. Diazepam (3 mg/kg) was used as positive control. The latency time before the onset of myoclonic, clonic, and tonic convulsions and the percentage of mortality were recorded. In addition, the effect of caraway on neuromuscular coordination was evaluated using the rotarod performance test. RESULTS The extract and essential oil dose-dependently increased the latency time to the onset of myoclonic (ED50, 1257 and 62.2 mg/kg, respectively) and clonic (ED50, 929 and 42.3 mg/kg, respectively) seizures. The extract and essential oil of caraway prevented the animals from tonic seizure with ED50s of 2142.4 and 97.6 mg/kg, respectively. The extract and essential oil of caraway protected 28.6 and 71.4% of the animals from PTZ-induced death, respectively, and had no significant effect on neuromuscular coordination. CONCLUSION This study showed that the aqueous extract and essential oil of caraway had anticonvulsant properties. However, the essential oil was more potent and effective than was the aqueous extract as an anticonvulsant. Additionally, the anticonvulsant effect of caraway was not due to a muscle relaxant activity. These findings support the acclaimed antiepileptic effect of caraway in folk medicine and propose its potential use in petit mal seizure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Showraki
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Emamghoreishi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence: Masoumeh Emamghoreishi, PhD; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Postal code: 7134853185, Shiraz, Iran Tel/Fax: +98 71 32307591
| | - Somayeh Oftadegan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Antimanic-like effects of (R)-(-)-carvone and (S)-(+)-carvone in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 619:43-8. [PMID: 26970377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Carvone is a monoterpene that is present in spearmint (Mentha spicata) and caraway (Carum carvi) essential oils and has been shown to have anticonvulsant effects, likely through the blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels, and anxiolytic-like effects. Considering that some anticonvulsants that blocked voltage-gated sodium channels (e.g., sodium valproate and carbamazepine) exert clinical antimanic effects, the aim of the present study was to evaluate (R)-(-)-carvone and (S)-(+)-carvone in animal models of mania (i.e., hyperlocomotion induced by methylphenidate and sleep deprivation). Mice that were treated with methylphenidate (5mg/kg) or sleep-deprived for 24h using a multiple-platform protocol exhibited an increase in locomotor activity in an automated activity box. This effect was blocked by pretreatment with acute (R)-(-)-carvone (50-100mg/kg), (S)-(+)-carvone (50-100mg/kg), and lithium (100mg/kg, positive control). These doses did not alter spontaneous locomotor activity in the methylphenidate-induced experiments while (S)-(+)-carvone decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in sleep deprivation experiment, indicating a sedative effect. Chronic 21-day treatment with (R)-(-)-carvone (100mg/kg), (S)-(+)-carvone (100mg/kg), and lithium also prevented methylphenidate-induced hyperactivity. The present results suggest that carvone may have an antimanic-like effect.
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Machado KC, Oliveira GLS, Machado KC, Islam MT, Junior ALG, De Sousa DP, Freitas RM. Anticonvulsant and behavioral effects observed in mice following treatment with an ester derivative of ferulic acid: Isopentyl ferulate. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:273-9. [PMID: 26456888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential anticonvulsant effect of isopentyl ferulate, a new ester derived from ferulic acid in mice (Mus musculus) subjected to two models of induced seizures. According to the results obtained, the IF at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg (i.p.) showed protective effect against induced seizures by pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and pentylenetetrazole (70 mg/kg, i.p.). In the two animal models of seizures, the pretreatment of the IF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) with flumazenil blocked the anticonvulsant effect, suggesting that the mechanism of action of this ester derived of ferulic acid may be related to activity in the benzodiazepine-binding site of the GABAA receptor (γ-aminobutyric acid, type A). In addition to the anticonvulsant effect, behavioral changes as neurotoxicity indication were assessed by using the rota rod and open field tests. The results obtained showed that the IF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) does not induce significant changes in locomotor activity and motor coordination when compared with the control group, unlike the results presented by diazepam. Thus, these results demonstrate a new pharmacological knowledge of IF with potential application against epileptic seizures. However, further studies are needed to elucidate other neurobiological mechanisms underlying epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keylla C Machado
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - George Laylson S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Machado
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Md Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz G Junior
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Damião P De Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Paraíba, CEP 58.051-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rivelilson M Freitas
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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14
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Marques THC, Marques MLBGCB, Medeiros JVR, Silva RO, dos Reis Barbosa AL, Lima TC, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Cyane-carvone, a synthetic derivative of carvone, inhibits inflammatory response by reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress and shows antinociceptive effect in mice. Inflammation 2015; 37:966-77. [PMID: 24487978 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyane-carvone (CC) was studied to elucidate its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects in Mus musculus. Anti-inflammatory (bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2, serotonin, and carrageenan) and antinociceptive (acetic acid and formalin) models were utilized. Myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Analysis of variance followed by Student-Newman-Keuls' test was done. Results were compared with control groups (significantly when p < 0.05). In bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and serotonin tests, 75 mg/kg CC decreased significantly paw edema (t = 30, 60, 90, and/or 120 min). In carrageenan test, 50 and 75 mg/kg CC (t = 3 h and t = 4 h) and 25 mg/kg CC (t = 4 h) decreased significantly paw edema. CC (75 mg/kg) inhibited significantly mieloperoxidase activity and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α, and all doses increased GSH levels. CC (75 mg/kg) decreased significantly the number of contortions of animals and time of licking (phase 2). CC showed anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Costa Marques
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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15
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Effects of monoterpenes on ion channels of excitable cells. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:83-97. [PMID: 25956464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a structurally diverse group of phytochemicals and a major constituent of plant-derived 'essential oils'. Monoterpenes such as menthol, carvacrol, and eugenol have been utilized for therapeutical purposes and food additives for centuries and have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic actions. In recent years there has been increasing interest in understanding the pharmacological actions of these molecules. There is evidence indicating that monoterpenes can modulate the functional properties of several types of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, suggesting that some of their pharmacological actions may be mediated by modulations of ion channel function. In this report, we review the literature concerning the interaction of monoterpenes with various ion channels.
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16
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López MD, Campoy FJ, Pascual-Villalobos MJ, Muñoz-Delgado E, Vidal CJ. Acetylcholinesterase activity of electric eel is increased or decreased by selected monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids in a concentration-dependent manner. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 229:36-43. [PMID: 25636489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The profitable insecticidal action of monoterpenoids prompted us to test their efficiency against stored-grain beetle species, via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). For this, we first studied the ability of the monoterpenoids geraniol, linalool, camphor, fenchone, carvone and γ-terpinene, besides the phenylpropanoids trans-anethole and estragole to inhibit Electrophorus AChE. The results indicated that while AChE activity increased (15-35%) with 40 μM geraniol, camphor, γ-terpinene and linalool, the activity decreased (60-40%) with 5mM carvone, γ-terpinene, and fenchone. The Km for AChE was 0.52 ± 0.02 mM in control assays, which fell to 0.28 ± 0.01 mM or 0.32 ± 0.01 mM in assays with 20 μM linalool or γ-terpinene added. In the millimolar range, the terpenoids behaved as weak inhibitors. Unexpectedly, AChE inhibition by camphor, carvone, γ-terpinene, and fenchone gave Hill numbers ranging 2.04-1.57, supporting the idea that AChE was able to lodge more than one monoterpenoid molecule. The plots of 1/v vs. 1/S at varying monoterpenoid provided straight lines, fenchone and γ-terpinene acting as competitive inhibitors and carvone and camphor as non-competitive inhibitors. Moreover, the secondary plots of the slope KM(app)/Vmax(app) vs. [I] and of 1/Vmax(app) vs. [I] gave parabolic curves, which lent support to the proposed capacity of AChE to bind more than one monoterpenoid molecule. The fitting of the curves to a second-order polynomial equation allowed us to calculate the inhibition constants for the interaction of AChE with fenchone, γ-terpinene, carvone and camphor. The previously unnoticed increase in AChE activity with monoterpenoids should be considered as a reminder when advising the use of essential oils of plants or their constituents as anti-AChE agents to attenuate pathological signs of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores López
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Campoy
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pascual-Villalobos
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Muñoz-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Cecilio J Vidal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain.
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17
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Marques THC, Medeiros JVR, Lima TC, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Anticonvulsant effects of acute treatment with cyane-carvone at repeated oral doses in epilepsy models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:421-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Pires LF, Costa LM, de Almeida AAC, Silva OA, Cerqueira GS, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Is there a correlation between in vitro antioxidant potential and in vivo effect of carvacryl acetate against oxidative stress in mice hippocampus? Neurochem Res 2014; 39:758-69. [PMID: 24619401 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of carvacryl acetate (CA), a derivative of carvacrol, monoterpenic component of oregano. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo CA effects was also determined. In vitro tests measured thiobarbituric acid reactive species content, nitrite formation and hydroxyl radical levels. In vivo tests measured thiobarbituric acid reactive species content, nitrite concentration and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were measured, using mice hippocampus. The CA administrations for in vivo tests were intraperitoneally and acutely improved. CA reduced lipid peroxidation, nitrite and hydroxyl radical contents in vitro as well as lipid peroxidation and nitrite content in vivo. It also increased reduced GSH levels and GPx as well as catalase activities. Moreover, CA required a lower concentration to inhibit 50 % of free radicals measured in vitro than trolox. There was significant negative correlation between in vitro nitrite levels and in vivo reduced GSH levels; in vitro nitrite content and in vivo GPx activity as well as in vitro hydroxyl radical levels and in vivo SOD activity. To date, this is the first study which suggests vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential to this monoterpene and the correlation between these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Fernandes Pires
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil,
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19
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Genotoxic and oxidative damage potentials in human lymphocytes after exposure to terpinolene in vitro. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:409-18. [PMID: 24590926 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpinolene (TPO) is a monocyclic monoterpene found in the essential oils of various fir and pine species. Recent reports indicated that several monoterpenes could exhibit antioxidant effects in both human and animal experimental models. However, so far, the nature and/or biological roles of TPO have not been elucidated in human models yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic, oxidative and cytotoxic effects of TPO in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. Human blood cells were treated with TPO (0-200 mg/L) for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, while DNA damage was also analyzed by micronucleus assay, sister chromatid exchanges assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, biochemical parameters [total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)] were examined to determine oxidative effects. The results of LDH and MTT assays showed that TPO (at concentrations greater than 100 mg/L) decreased cell viability. In our in vitro test systems, it was observed that TPO had no genotoxicity on human lymphocytes. Again, TPO (at 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L) treatment caused statistically important (p < 0.05) increases of TAC levels in human lymphocytes without changing TOS levels. In conclusion, TPO can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in this study with its non-genotoxic and antioxidant features.
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Aydın E, Türkez H. In vitrocytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antioxidant potentials of thymol on human blood cells. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2013.860411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Türkez H, Aydın E. Investigation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and oxidative properties of carvacrol in human blood cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:625-33. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713506771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol (CVC), a major constituent of genera Origanum and Thymus, is such a substance that has attracted attention because of its wide variety of beneficial biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects. However, there are limited data on the cytogenetic and antioxidant effects of CVC in cultured human blood cells. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the genetic, oxidative, and cytotoxic effects of CVC in cultured human blood cells ( n = 5). Human blood cells were treated with CVC (0–200 mg/L) for 24 and 48 h and then cytotoxicity detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, while DNA damage was also analyzed by micronucleus (MN) assay, chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level. In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and total oxidative stress [TOS]) were examined to determine the oxidative effects. The results of LDH and MTT assays showed that CVC (at concentrations above 100 mg/L) decreased cell viability. In our in vitro test systems, it was observed that CVC had no mutagenic effects on human lymphocytes. On the other hand, CVC (at 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) treatment caused statistically important ( p < 0.05) increases in TAC and TOS levels (at 150 and 200 mg/L) on human lymphocytes. In conclusion, CVC can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in this study with their nonmutagenic and antioxidant features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydın
- Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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22
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Türkez H, Aydın E. In vitro assessment of cytogenetic and oxidative effects of α-pinene. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:168-76. [PMID: 24081629 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Pinene (α-pinene), a bicyclic monoterpene, is present in the oils of many species of coniferous trees, most notably the pine, and is known for its diverse biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant. However, there are limited data on the cytogenetic and antioxidant effects of α-pinene in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic, oxidative, and cytotoxic effects of α-pinene in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. Human blood cells were treated with α-pinene (0 to 200 mg/L) for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, while DNA damage was also analyzed by micronucleus (MN) assay, chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)) were examined to determine oxidative effects. The results of LDH and MTT assays showed that α-pinene (at 200 mg/L) decreased cell viability. In our in vitro test systems, it was observed that α-pinene did not cause any statistically important changes in the rates of studied genotoxicity endpoints but dose-dependent alterations were observed in TAC and TOS levels. α-Pinene treatment caused increases in TAC levels (at 25 and 50 mg/L) and decreases in TOS levels (only at 200 mg/L) on human lymphocytes. In conclusion, the findings of the present study confirm for the first time that α-pinene could be a significant source of natural antioxidant compound that may have beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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23
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Aydın E, Türkez H, Keleş MS. Potential anticancer activity of carvone in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:764-72. [PMID: 23552268 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713484660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carvone (CVN) is a monocyclic monoterpene found in the essential oils of Mentha spicata var. crispa (Lamiaceae) and Carum carvi L. (Apiaceae) plants and has been reported to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, and antitumor activities. The beneficial health properties of CVN have encouraged us to look into its anticancer activity. To the best of our knowledge, reports are not available on the anticancer activity of CVN in cultured primary rat neuron and N2a neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Therefore, the present study is an attempt toward exploring the potential anticancer activity of CVN, if any, in cultured primary rat neuron and N2a NB cells. Our results indicated that CVN (only at 25 mg/L) treatment led to an increase in the total antioxidant capacity levels in cultured primary rat neuron cells compared with control cells. Also, CVN (at concentrations higher than 100 mg/L) treatment led to an increase in the total oxidative stress levels in both cell types. The mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage (for comet assay) were not found to be significantly different from the control values in both cells (p > 0.05). On the other hand, after 24 h treatment with CVN, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that CVN application significantly reduced the cell viability rates in both cell types at concentrations higher than 100 mg/L. Summarizing, our data suggest that CVN represents little potential for promising anticancer agent to improve brain tumors therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanur Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Sait Keleş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Costa JP, Ferreira PB, De Sousa DP, Jordan J, Freitas RM. Anticonvulsant effect of phytol in a pilocarpine model in mice. Neurosci Lett 2012; 523:115-8. [PMID: 22750154 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of phytol in pilocarpine-induced seizures. The latency for development of convulsions and mortality rate was recorded in this model using mice. The results revealed that phytol (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) increased latency to first seizure and decreased percentage of these seizures. Moreover, phytol also protected the animals against status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine, and decreased the mortality rate. Mice treated with pilocarpine (n=24) presented 100% of mortality during the first hour of observation. In turn, phytol-pretreated animals within 30 min before the administration of pilocarpine (400 mg/kg) remained alive during the first hour of observation. On the other hand, 6-8h after administration of pilocarpine it was observed that 10 (41.66%), 8 (33.33%) and 4 (16.66%) animals died (respectively). Thus, the pretreatment with phytol was able to block mortality rate during the first hour in acute phase of seizures, and significantly reduced this rate in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05), suggesting an anticonvulsant effect. In addition, none of the phytol effects was blocked by pre-treatment with flumazenil, an antagonist of benzodiazepine receptors. In conclusion, phytol exhibits anticonvulsant activity by modulating of neurotransmitter systems, but further investigations are in progress to confirm this pharmacological property.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Costa
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutics Science, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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