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Vierra M, Dhiman A, Witmer HDD, Ulrich L, Hindi E, Fenton E, Shergill A, Polite B, Eng OS, Turaga KK. Celecoxib and Myrtol: A Novel Therapy for Recurrent Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms With Extensive Peritoneal Dissemination. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:9-13. [PMID: 34857698 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unresectable appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) with extensive peritoneal dissemination cause significant morbidity and have limited treatment options. We evaluated a novel combination of Celecoxib and Myrtol in treating such AMNs. METHODS Patients with recurrent AMNs with extensive peritoneal disease treated with a daily regimen of 200 mg Celecoxib and 1200 mg Myrtol Standardized were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) trends were compared pretreatment and post-treatment in terms of percentage change. RESULTS Thirteen patients with extensive, recurrent disease (median peritoneal carcinomatosis index of 36) were included between 2017 and 2020. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range: 55 to 67) and 7 (54%) were male. A total of 85% had undergone prior cytoreductive surgery while 15% underwent cytoreductive surgery >2 times. 54% had received multiple cycles of systemic chemotherapy before starting Celecoxib-Myrtol. After a median follow-up of 8 months, median PFS and OS were 16 months (interquartile range: 5 to 17) and 27 months, respectively. Nine (69.2%) showed improvement in CEA values 3 months after treatment compared with 3-month pretreatment CEA trends. None had adverse events attributable to Celecoxib-Myrtol. CONCLUSIONS Our feasibility study suggests that a regimen of Celecoxib-Myrtol is well tolerated and may prolong PFS and OS in patients with recurrent AMNs with peritoneal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Vierra
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine
| | - Ankit Dhiman
- Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology
- Department of Surgery
| | | | | | - Enal Hindi
- Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology
- Department of Surgery
| | - Emily Fenton
- Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology
- Department of Surgery
| | - Ardaman Shergill
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine
| | - Blase Polite
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine
| | - Oliver S Eng
- Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology
| | - Kiran K Turaga
- Section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology
- Department of Surgery
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Chen Q, Yin C, Li Y, Yang Z, Tian Z. Pharmacokinetic interaction between peimine and paeoniflorin in rats and its potential mechanism. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:129-133. [PMID: 33721550 PMCID: PMC7971317 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1875013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Peimine and paeoniflorin can be combined for the treatment of cough in paediatrics. The interaction during the co-administration could dramatically affect the bioavailability of drugs. OBJECTIVE The interaction between peimine and paeoniflorin was investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin (20 mg/kg) with or without the coadministration of peimine (5 mg/kg for 10 days before paeoniflorin) was orally investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6). The group without the peimine was set as the control group. The metabolic stability of paeoniflorin was studied in rat liver with microsomes. The effect of peimine on the absorption of paeoniflorin was investigated with Caco-2 cell monolayers. RESULTS The Cmax (244.98 ± 10.95 vs. 139.18 ± 15.14 μg/L) and AUC(0-t) (3295.92 ± 263.02 vs. 139.18 ± 15.14 h·μg/L) of paeoniflorin was increased by peimine. The t1/2 was prolonged from 5.33 ± 1.65 to 14.21 ± 4.97 h and the clearance was decreased from 15.43 ± 1.75 to 4.12 ± 0.57 L/h/kg. Consistently, peimine increased the metabolic stability of paeoniflorin with rat liver microsomes with the increased t1/2 (56.78 ± 2.62 vs. 26.33 ± 3.15 min) and the decreased intrinsic clearance (24.42 ± 3.78 vs. 52.64 ± 4.47 μL/min/mg protein). Moreover, the transportation of paeoniflorin was also inhibited by peimine as the efflux ratio decreased from 3.06 to 1.63. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Peimine increased the systemic exposure of paeoniflorin through inhibiting the activity of CYP3A4 and P-gp. These results provide a reference for further in vivo studies in a broader population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangjun Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 262500, China
| | - Changlong Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Qingzhou Medical Security Bureau, Weifang, China
| | - Zongying Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Seo E, Shin YK, Hsieh YS, Lee JM, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate as a potential preventive agent against muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis rats chronically exposed to nicotine. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:27-32. [PMID: 34294369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by muscle wasting. Linalyl acetate (LA), the main component of Lavandula angustifolia Mill (lavender) oil, has anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the detrimental effects of chronic nicotine exposure in rats with RA, as well as the abilities of lavender oil and LA to prevent muscle wasting. Rats with RA induced by type II collagen were exposed to nicotine for 22 days from day 1. Lavender oil or LA was administered twice a week during the experiment. Compared with control, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and chronic nicotine exposure plus CIA (NicoCIA) showed increases in hind paw thickness and serum interleukin (IL)-6 and decreases in body weight and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels. Moreover, weight and fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle were much lower, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the gastrocnemius muscle was higher, in the NicoCIA than in the CIA. These alterations in the NicoCIA were prevented by lavender oil and LA. Importantly, LA showed greater activity than lavender oil in preventing IGF-1 reduction in the NicoCIA. These findings suggest that lavender oil and LA may have preventive benefit in RA by counteracting muscle wasting associated with chronic nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Seo
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- KT&G Central Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Houdkova M, Chaure A, Doskocil I, Havlik J, Kokoska L. New Broth Macrodilution Volatilization Method for Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing of Volatile Agents and Evaluation of Their Toxicity Using Modified MTT Assay In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144179. [PMID: 34299454 PMCID: PMC8305236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new broth macrodilution volatilization method for the simple and rapid determination of the antibacterial effect of volatile agents simultaneously in the liquid and vapor phase was designed with the aim to assess their therapeutic potential for the development of new inhalation preparations. The antibacterial activity of plant volatiles (β-thujaplicin, thymohydroquinone, thymoquinone) was evaluated against bacteria associated with respiratory infections (Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes) and their cytotoxicity was determined using a modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay against normal lung fibroblasts. Thymohydroquinone and thymoquinone possessed the highest antibacterial activity against H. influenzae, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4 and 8 µg/mL in the liquid and vapor phases, respectively. Although all compounds exhibited cytotoxic effects on lung cells, therapeutic indices (TIs) suggested their potential use in the treatment of respiratory infections, which was especially evident for thymohydroquinone (TI > 34.13). The results demonstrate the applicability of the broth macrodilution volatilization assay, which combines the principles of broth microdilution volatilization and standard broth macrodilution methods. This assay enables rapid, simple, cost- and labor-effective screening of volatile compounds and overcomes the limitations of assays currently used for screening of antimicrobial activity in the vapor phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Houdkova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Aishwarya Chaure
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Ivo Doskocil
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224382180
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Lu S, Song Y, Luo R, Li S, Li G, Wang K, Liao Z, Wang B, Ke W, Xiang Q, Chen C, Wu X, Zhang Y, Ling L, Yang C. Ferroportin-Dependent Iron Homeostasis Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Nucleus Pulposus Cell Ferroptosis and Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Vivo. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:6670497. [PMID: 33628376 PMCID: PMC7889334 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a specialized form of regulated cell death that is charactered by iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxidation, a process associated with multiple diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is rarely investigated. This study is aimed at investigating the role of ferroptosis in oxidative stress- (OS-) induced nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) decline and the pathogenesis of IVDD and determine the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We used tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) to simulate OS conditions around human NPCs. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify ferroptosis, while iron assay kit, Perl's staining, and western blotting were performed to assay the intracellular iron levels. A ferroportin- (FPN-) lentivirus and FPN-siRNA were constructed and used to explore the relationship between FPN, intracellular iron homeostasis, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, hinokitiol, a bioactive compound known to specifically resist OS and restore FPN function, was evaluated for its therapeutic role in IVDD both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that intercellular iron overload plays an essential role in TBHP-induced ferroptosis of human NPCs. Mechanistically, FPN dysregulation is responsible for intercellular iron overload under OS. The increase in nuclear translocation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) restored the function of FPN, abolished the intercellular iron overload, and protected cells against ferroptosis. Additionally, hinokitiol enhanced the nuclear translocation of MTF1 by suppressing the JNK pathway and ameliorated the progression of IVDD in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ferroptosis and FPN dysfunction are involved in the NPC depletion and the pathogenesis of IVDD under OS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the protective role of FPN in ferroptosis of NPCs, suggesting its potential used as a novel therapeutic target against IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideng Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Tian DD, Wang M, Liu A, Gao MR, Qiu C, Yu W, Wang WJ, Zhang K, Yang L, Jia YY, Yang CB, Wu YM. Antidepressant Effect of Paeoniflorin Is Through Inhibiting Pyroptosis CASP-11/GSDMD Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:761-776. [PMID: 33025508 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-associated neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The role of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), a newly identified pyroptosis executioner downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome mediating inflammatory programmed cell death, in depression has not been well defined. Here, we provide evidence that paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound derived from Paeonia lactiflora, ameliorated reserpine-induced mouse depression-like behaviors, characterized as increased mobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test, as well as the abnormal alteration of synaptic plasticity in the depressive hippocampus. The molecular docking simulation predicted that PF would interact with C-terminus of GSDMD. We further demonstrated that PF administration inhibited the enhanced expression of GSDMD which mainly distributed in microglia, along with the proteins involved in pyroptosis signaling transduction including caspase (CASP)-11, CASP-1, NLRP3, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampus of mice treated with reserpine. And also, PF prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced pyroptosis in murine N9 microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibiting the expression of CASP-11, NLRP3, CASP-1 cleavage, as well as IL-1β. Furthermore, VX-765, an effective and selective inhibitor for CASP-1 activation, reduced the expression of inflammasome and pyroptosis-associated proteins in over-activated N9 and also facilitated PF-mediated inhibition of pyroptosis synergistically. Collectively, the data indicated that PF exerted antidepressant effects, alleviating neuroinflammation through inhibiting CASP-11-dependent pyroptosis signaling transduction induced by over-activated microglia in the hippocampus of mice treated with reserpine. Thus, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in activated microglia is a previously unrecognized inflammatory mechanism of depression and represents a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating depression given PF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Bin Yang
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Rai VK, Sinha P, Yadav KS, Shukla A, Saxena A, Bawankule DU, Tandon S, Khan F, Chanotiya CS, Yadav NP. Anti-psoriatic effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and its major components linalool and linalyl acetate. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113127. [PMID: 32623016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lavender oil (LO) is an aromatic/essential oil extracted from Lavandula angustifolia and traditionally used as an aromatherapy massage oil due to its anti-inflammatory and wound healing property and also for providing the relief in other skin conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis and eczema. However, LO has not been evaluated scientifically for psoriasis like skin inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the LO and its major components linalool (L) and linalyl acetate (LA) against psoriasis like skin inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-psoriatic activity was done using Imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis like skin inflammation in BALB/c mice. Assessment of anti-psoriatic effect of LO, L and LA was done on the basis of change in ear thickness, psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scoring at alternative day, CosCam scoring using skin analyzer equipped with SkinSys software, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histological investigations. Level of effectiveness against psoriasis was investigated by percent reduction in PASI scores, CosCam scores and level of Th-1 and Th-17 cell expressing cytokines, as compared to the diseased mice. RESULTS Topical application of LO 10% showed 73.67% recovery in PASI and 87% in Th-17 cell-specific cytokines towards normal as compared to disease group. L and LA were identified as the major components of LO and favoured ligands for selected psoriasis targets. At 2% topical dose, L and LA showed 64% and 47.61% recovery in PASI scores, respectively. Both, L and LA showed significant recovery in Th-1 specific TNF-α and IL-1β however, only L showed significant recovery of Th-17 cytokines (IL-17 and IL-22). In contrast to LA (which restored granulosis), L restored epidermal hyperplasia and parakeratosis toward the normal condition. On the other hand, L also reduced the expression of NF-κβ, ccr6 and IL-17, while LA reduced the expression of NF-κβ only. At 10% topical dose, LO was observed to be slight irritant while at 2% topical dose, L and LA were found non-irritant to the skin. CONCLUSION This study proves the effectiveness of LO and its major phytoconstituents linalool and linalyl acetate against IMQ induced psoriasis like skin inflammation and provides the scientific evidence for topical use of lavender oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Rai
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | - Priyam Sinha
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | - Kuldeep Singh Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | - Aparna Shukla
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | - Archana Saxena
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | | | - Sudeep Tandon
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
| | | | - Narayan Prasad Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
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Wang T, Xu L, Gao L, Zhao L, Liu XH, Chang YY, Liu YL. Paeoniflorin attenuates early brain injury through reducing oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:959-970. [PMID: 32246322 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is a natural monoterpene glucoside from Paeoniae Radix with neuroprotective properties. However, it is still unclear whether paeoniflorin has neuroprotective effects on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study explores the effect of paeoniflorin on early brain injury (EBI) using rat SAH model. We found that paeoniflorin significantly improves neurological deficits, attenuates brain water content and Evans blue extravasation at 72 h after SAH. Paeoniflorin attenuates the oxidative stress following SAH as evidenced by decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-Nitrotyrosine, and 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHDG) level, increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase activity, and up-regulates the nuclear factor erythroid‑related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‑1 (HO-1) pathway. Inhibition of microglia activation and neuro-inflammatory response both contributed to paeoniflorin's protective effects. Moreover, paeoniflorin treatment significantly reduces the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, active caspase-3/ neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and TUNEL/DAPI positive cells at 72 h following SAH. Our results indicate that paeoniflorin may attenuate early brain injury after experimental SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, No.29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, No.29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, No.29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, No.29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, No.29 Longtan Road, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Hoseini SM, Khalili M, Rajabiesterabadi H, Hoseinifar SH, Doan HV. Effects of dietary monoterpene, myrcene, administration on immune- and health-related genes expression in common carp gill following exposure to copper sulfate. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:438-445. [PMID: 31972293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the potential benefits of myrcene administration to suppress negative effects of copper exposure on immune-, antioxidant-, tight junction-, stress- and osmoregulatory-related gene expressions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) gill. Fish were fed with diets containing 0% (control), 0.5% (M0.5) and 1% (M1) myrcene for 6 weeks, and then, exposed to 0.25 mg/L copper for further two weeks. The fish gill samples were taken for gene expression assays after six and eight weeks. The results showed that there were interaction effects of myrcene levels and copper exposure on superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), heat shock protein-70 (hsp70), interleukin 1-beta (il1b), interleukin 10 (il10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfa), occludin (occl), caludin 3 (cld3), caludin 7 (cld7), and Na+-K+-ATPase (nka) genes expressions. Overall, the M0.5 treatment had significantly lower antioxidant genes expression, and higher hsp70, cytokines, tight-junction proteins, and nka genes expression, compared to the control treatment, before copper exposure. Copper exposure significantly down-regulated most of the tested genes (except il10), however, the M0.5 treatment had significantly higher antioxidant (except gpx), hsp70, cld7, and nka gene expression compared to the control treatment. The M1 treatment showed fluctuated antioxidant gene expressions, down-regulated gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and occl, and up-regulation of cld3 gene expressions, before copper exposure. After copper exposure, this treatment had significantly higher gr and cat expression compared to the control; moreover, there was a marked up-regulation in il10 gene expression in this treatment, which was the highest value among all treatment combinations. In conclusion, copper exposure significantly down-regulates antioxidant-, inflammatory-, and tight junction-related along with hsp70 and nka genes expression in common carp gills. Pre-treatment with 0.5% myrcene is beneficial to suppress such negative effects, probably due to its antioxidant properties. However, myrcene administration must be done with caution, as higher levels may interfere with antioxidant and immune defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khalili
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabiesterabadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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10
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Ngo T, Kim K, Bian Y, Noh H, Lim KM, Chung JH, Bae ON. Antithrombotic Effects of Paeoniflorin from Paeonia suffruticosa by Selective Inhibition on Shear Stress-Induced Platelet Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205040. [PMID: 31614534 PMCID: PMC6834133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents are important in the pharmacotherapeutic regime for many cardiovascular diseases, including thrombotic disorders. However, bleeding, the most serious adverse effect associated with current antiplatelet therapy, has led to many efforts to discover novel anti-platelet drugs without bleeding issues. Of note, shear stress-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) is a promising target to overcome bleeding since SIPA happens only in pathological conditions. Accordingly, this study was carried out to discover antiplatelet agents selectively targeting SIPA. By screening various herbal extracts, Paeonia suffruticosa and its major bioactive constituent, paeoniflorin, were identified to have significant inhibitory effects against shear-induced aggregation in human platelets. The effects of paeoniflorin on intraplatelet calcium levels, platelet degranulation, and integrin activation in high shear stress conditions were evaluated by a range of in vitro experiments using human platelets. The inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin was determined to be highly selective against SIPA, through modulating von Willebrand Factor (vWF)-platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) interaction. The effects of paeoniflorin on platelet functions under high shear stress were confirmed in the ex vivo SIPA models in rats, showing the good accordance with the anti-SIPA effects on human platelets. Treatment with paeoniflorin significantly prevented arterial thrombosis in vivo from the dose of 10 mg/kg without prolonging bleeding time or blood clotting time in rats. Collectively, our results demonstrated that paeoniflorin can be a novel anti-platelet agent selectively targeting SIPA with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh city 410000, Vietnam.
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Yiying Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Hakjun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ho Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea.
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11
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Long N, Tang H, Sun F, Lin L, Dai M. Effect and mechanism of citral against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4423-4429. [PMID: 30891759 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citral is an active component of many plant extracts, and it is a safe additive used in food and cosmetics. A previous study showed that citral has a good antibacterial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro, but its in vivo anti-infective activity has not been studied. Anti-MRSA activity and the preliminary mechanism of citral against MRSA were investigated in MRSA-infected KM mice. The ED50 was calculated using Karber's method. Groups were selected for inflammatory and oxidative stress level tests, and lung and liver tissues were counterstained with HE for detection of pathological changes. Cytokines and oxidative factors were evaluated using the ELISA method (one-way ANOVA computed using SPSS 19.0.). RESULTS With the increase in the concentration of citral, the survival rate of MRSA-infected mice increased accordingly. The ED50 values of citral for intramuscular injection and intragastric administration were 0.09 and 0.26 g kg-1 respectively. Citral significantly reduced cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and oxidative factors (malondialdehyde and hydroxyl radicals) of MRSA-infected mice, whereas it increased gluthtione and superoxide dismutase levels. Citral can reduce the lung inflammatory infiltrates infected by MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Citral exerted a dose-dependent anti-MRSA effect and ameliorated MRSA-induced abnormal changes in inflammation and oxidative stress. This indicates that citral has the potential for development as a new anti-MRSA drug. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Long
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-Derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-Derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fenghui Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-Derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-Derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Min Dai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residue Prevention and Control Technology of Animal-Derived Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
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12
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Rahbar I, Abbasnejad M, Haghani J, Raoof M, Kooshki R, Esmaeili-Mahani S. The effect of central administration of alpha-pinene on capsaicin-induced dental pulp nociception. Int Endod J 2019; 52:307-317. [PMID: 30152861 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of central administration of α-pinene alone and in combination with either bicuculline or naloxone, as GABAA and μ-opioid receptor antagonists, respectively, on capsaicin-induced dental pulp stimulation in rats. METHODOLOGY Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats aged 2 months (230-270 g) were cannulated via their lateral ventricles for the central administration of the drugs. α-Pinene was injected at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 μmol L-1 . Then, dental pulp stimulation was induced by intradental application of capsaicin solution (100 μg), and nociceptive scores were recorded for up to 40 min. For investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of α-pinene, expression of COX-2 in the subnucleolus caudalis (Vc) of rats was determined using immunofluorescence staining. Nonparametric repeated measure Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests as well as parametric one-way analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS α-Pinene at 0.2 and 0.4 μmol L-1 was able to decrease capsaicin-induced nociception. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the expression of COX-2-positive cells in the Vc of capsaicin-treated rats (P < 0.01). This effect was prohibited by α-pinene (0.4 μmol L-1 ). Co-administration of bicuculline (1 μg per rat) or naloxone (6 μg per rat) with α-pinene (0.4 μmol L-1 ), however, prevented the inhibitory effects of α-pinene on both capsaicin-induced pulp nociception and COX-2 over-expression. CONCLUSIONS Pinene exhibited significant curable effects on capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception and inflammation mainly via pharmacological interfacing with GABAA and μ-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rahbar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
| | - M Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
| | - J Haghani
- Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - M Raoof
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Kooshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
| | - S Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
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13
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Wu CC, Lin CL, Huang CY, Hsieh S, Liu CH, Hsieh SL. α-Phellandrene enhances the immune response and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:1108-1114. [PMID: 30414490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, that received α-phellandrene were examined. The results indicated that the percent survival of shrimp receiving 4, 8, and 12 μg g-1 α-phellandrene was significantly higher than that of control shrimp after 72 h (p < 0.05). In a separate experiment, the phenoloxidase (PO), respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phagocytic and lysozyme activity of L. vannamei receiving 8 and 12 μg g-1 α-phellandrene were significantly higher than those of the other groups upon challenge with V. alginolyticus at 24-60, 36-60, 12-60, 12-72 and 48-72 h, respectively. However, no significant differences in the total haemocyte counts (THC) of L. vannamei receiving any dose of α-phellandrene and of control shrimp were observed at 12-72 h. The expression (mRNA transcripts) of the immune genes prophenoloxidase (proPO), LPS- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and peroxinectin (PE) of shrimp receiving α-phellandrene at 8 and 12 μg g-1 significantly increased after challenge with V. alginolyticus for 72 h (p < 0.05). We conclude that the immune ability and resistance against V. alginolyticus infection increased in L. vannamei receiving >4 μg g-1 α-phellandrene. These results indicated that α-phellandrene plays an important role in the innate immunity of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
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Chen TC, da Fonseca CO, Schönthal AH. Intranasal Perillyl Alcohol for Glioma Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3905. [PMID: 30563210 PMCID: PMC6321279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial malignancies, such as primary brain cancers and brain-localized metastases derived from peripheral cancers, are particularly difficult to treat with therapeutic agents, because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively minimizes brain entry of the vast majority of agents arriving from the systemic circulation. Intranasal administration of cancer drugs has the potential to reach the brain via direct nose-to-brain transport, thereby circumventing the obstacle posed by the BBB. However, in the field of cancer therapy, there is a paucity of studies reporting positive results with this type of approach. A remarkable exception is the natural compound perillyl alcohol (POH). Its potent anticancer activity was convincingly established in preclinical studies, but it nonetheless failed in subsequent clinical trials, where it was given orally and displayed hard-to-tolerate gastrointestinal side effects. Intriguingly, when switched to intranasal delivery, POH yielded highly promising activity in recurrent glioma patients and was well tolerated. As of 2018, POH is the only intranasally delivered compound in the field of cancer therapy (outside of cancer pain) that has advanced to active clinical trials. In the following, we will introduce this compound, summarize its molecular mechanisms of action, and present the latest data on its clinical evaluation as an intranasally administered agent for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Clovis O da Fonseca
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ 24220, Brazil.
| | - Axel H Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Zhang WW, Xu F, Wang D, Ye J, Cai SQ. Buyang Huanwu Decoction ameliorates ischemic stroke by modulating multiple targets with multiple components: In vitro evidences. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:194-202. [PMID: 29576055 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription which is used to treat ischaemic stroke and stroke-induced disabilities. However, the exact mechanism underlying BYHWD's amelioration of ischaemic stroke and its effective constituents remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify the effective constituents of BYHWD and to further explore its action mechanisms in the amelioration of ischaemic stroke by testing the activities of 15 absorbable chemical constituents of BYHWD with the same methods under the same conditions. The following actions of these 15 compounds were revealed: 1) Ferulic acid, calycosin, formononetin, astrapterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ligustrazine, and propyl gallate significantly suppressed concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation; 2) Propyl gallate, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, and ferulic acid markedly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells; 3) Propyl gallate and formononetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release; 4) Hydroxysafflor yellow A and inosine protected PC12 cells against the injuries caused by glutamate; and 5) Formononetin, astragaloside IV, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, inosine, paeoniflorin, ononin, paeonol, propyl gallate, ligustrazine, and ferulic acid significantly suppressed the constriction of the thoracic aorta induced by KCl in rats. In conclusion, the results from the present study suggest that BYHWD exerts its ischaemic stroke ameliorating activities by modulating multiple targets with multiple components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Abstract
Innate immunity provides the initial response against pathogens and includes the inflammatory response. Regulation of the initiation and duration of neutrophil and mononuclear cell influx during inflammation determines both the successfulness of pathogen elimination and the level of resulting tissue damage. Zebrafish embryos provide excellent opportunities to visualize the inflammatory response. Neutrophil granules may be stained with Sudan black, and variation in neutrophil counts may be used to monitor the level of the response. Inflammation may be triggered by injuring the caudal fin, providing an opportunity for testing possible anti-inflammatory compounds in a whole-animal system. The use of homeopathic compounds as anti-inflammatory treatments is common in alternative medicine. Effects of unfractionated essential oil from Thymus vulgaris and its specific component, carvacrol, have been examined in cells in culture and in rodents. Our work extends this research to zebrafish, and includes toxicity and morphological studies as well as examination of anti-inflammatory effects following tail fin injury. Our results show that zebrafish are more sensitive to thyme oil compared to cells in culture, that cardiac defects arise due to thyme oil treatment, and that thyme oil reduces neutrophil infiltration during an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby C Koch
- Department of Biology, Rockhurst University , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lisa K Felzien
- Department of Biology, Rockhurst University , Kansas City, Missouri
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Li Y, Xu YL, Lai YN, Liao SH, Liu N, Xu PP. Intranasal co-administration of 1,8-cineole with influenza vaccine provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection. Phytomedicine 2017; 34:127-135. [PMID: 28899494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is the most efficient means for protection against influenza. However, the various vaccines have low efficacy to protect against pandemic strains because of antigenic drift and recombination of influenza virus. Adjuvant therapy is one of the attempts to improve influenza vaccine effective cross-protection against influenza virus infection. Our previous study confirmed that 1,8-cineole inhibits the NF-κB, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and relieves the pathological changes of viral pneumonia in mice infected with influenza virus. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE 1,8-cineole, administered via intranasal (i.n.) route, may also have the capacity to be an adjuvant of the influenza vaccine. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of i.n. co-administration of 1,8-cineole, a major component of the Eucalyptus essential oils, with influenza vaccine and whether could provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection in a mouse model. STUDY DESIGN I.n. co-administration of 1,8-cineole in two doses (6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg) with influenza vaccine was investigated in a mouse model in order to see whether it could provide cross-protection against influenza virus infection. METHODS The mice were intranasally immunized three times at the 0, 7 and 14 day with vaccine containing 0.2 µg hemagglutinin (HA) and/or without 1,8-cineole. Seven days after the 3rd immunization dose, the mice were infected with 50 µl of 15 LD50 (50% mouse lethal dose) influenza virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1). On day 6 post-infection, 10 mice per group were sacrificed to collect samples, to take the body weight and lung, and detect the viral load, pathological changes in the lungs and antibody, etc. The collected samples included blood serum and nasal lavage fluids. In addition, the survival experiments were carried out to investigate the survival of mice. RESULTS Mice i.n. inoculated with influenza vaccine and 12.5 mg/kg 1,8-cineole increased the production of influenza-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a antibodies, stimulated mucosal secretive IgA (s-IgA) responses at the nasal cavity, improved the expression of respiratory tract intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the upper respiratory tract, and promoted dendritic cell (DC) maturation and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules cluster of differentiation (CD)40, CD80 and CD86 in peripheral blood. Importantly, mice that had received 1,8-cineole-supplemented influenza vaccine showed longer survival time, milder inflammation, less weight loss and mortality rate and lower lung index and viral titers compared to that of mice immunized a non-1,8-cineole-adjuvanted split vaccine. Thus, i.n. immunization with 1,8-cineole-adjuvanted vaccine induces a superior cross-protective immunity against infection with influenza than an inactivated vaccine only. CONCLUSION These results suggest that 1,8-cineole (12.5 mg/kg) has a cross-protection against influenza virus, co-administered with inactivated influenza viral antigen in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Ji chang Rd., San Yuan li St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Ling Xu
- Guangzhou Health Vocational and Technical College, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yan-Ni Lai
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Ji chang Rd., San Yuan li St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shang-Hui Liao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Ji chang Rd., San Yuan li St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ni Liu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Ji chang Rd., San Yuan li St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei-Ping Xu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Ji chang Rd., San Yuan li St., Bai Yun Dist., Guangzhou, PR China.
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Lyu Y, Ren H, Yu M, Li X, Li D, Mu C. Using oxidized amylose as carrier of linalool for the development of antibacterial wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:1095-1105. [PMID: 28821032 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare antibacterial wound dressings based on collagen and linalool/oxidized amylose inclusion complex. Encapsulation with oxidized amylose was used as an effective way to introduce linalool into collagen matrix. Our results showed that the content of linalool in the composite dressings was efficiently increased thanks to the solubilization effect of oxidized amyloses. The developed composite dressings possessed porous structure. They had abilities to keep the wound in moist environment and meanwhile prevent the excess exudates accumulation. The incorporation of linalool conferred the composite dressings with excellent antibacterial activities as expected. Moreover, the composite dressing with the highest content of linalool presented enhanced blood compatibility and good cell biocompatibility. This composite dressing effectively promoted granulation tissue formation and accelerated wound healing. It effectively prevented inflammation in regenerated skin tissue and scar formation too. Overall, the developed antibacterial wound dressings hold great potential for use in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinying Li
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Changdao Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Cheng Y, Dai C, Zhang J. SIRT3-SOD2-ROS pathway is involved in linalool-induced glioma cell apoptotic death. Acta Biochim Pol 2017; 64:343-350. [PMID: 28567457 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2016_1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent type of adult primary brain tumor and chemotherapy of glioma was limited by drug-resistance. Linalool is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol possessing various pharmacological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of linalool on glioma cell growth. The effect of linalool on cell viability in U87-MG cells was investigated and the results showed that linalool significantly reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, exposure of the cells to linalool resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of TUNEL-stained cells, indicating the occurrence of apoptotic cell death. Linalool decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, increased the expression of Bax and Bak, reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and increased the activities of caspase 3 and caspase 9, leading to increase of apoptosis. Linalool resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease of SOD activity but had no significant effect on mRNA and protein expression of SOD2. Moreover, linalool resulted in a significant increase of the expression of acetylated SOD2. The mRNA and protein expression of SIRT3 was significantly inhibited by linalool. Immunoblot analysis showed that there was an evident protein/protein interaction between SOD2 and SIRT3 under normal condition. Linalool treatment significantly decreased the interaction between SOD2 and SIRT3. Overexpression of SIRT3 significantly inhibited linalool-induced increase of mitochondrial ROS production and apoptotic cell death, and decrease of cell viability. In summary, the data demonstrated that linalool exhibited inhibitory effect on glioma cells through regulation of SIRT3-SOD2-ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Cheng
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
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Zhang K, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li N, Feng N. Essential oil-mediated glycerosomes increase transdermal paeoniflorin delivery: optimization, characterization, and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3521-3532. [PMID: 28503066 PMCID: PMC5426476 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s135749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel glycerosome carrier containing essential oils was prepared for topical administration of paeoniflorin (PF) to enhance its transdermal drug delivery and improve drug absorption in the synovium. The formulation of glycerosomes was optimized by a uniform design, and the final vehicle was composed of 5% (w/v) phospholipid, 0.6% (w/v) cholesterol, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, with 2% (v/v) Speranskia tuberculata essential oil (STO) as the transdermal enhancer. The in vitro transdermal flux of PF loaded in the STO-glycerosomes was 1.4-fold, 1.6-fold, and 1.7-fold higher than those of glycerosomes, liposomes, and tinctures, respectively. In vivo studies showed that the use of STO-glycerosomes was associated with a 3.1-fold greater accumulation of PF in the synovium than that of common glycerosomes. This finding was confirmed by in vivo imaging studies, which found that the fluorescence intensity of Cy5.5-loaded STO-glycerosomes in mice knee joints was 1.8-fold higher than that of the common glycerosomes 5 h after administration. The glycerosomes mediated by STO exhibited considerable skin permeability as well as improved drug absorption in the synovium, indicating that STO-glycerosomes may be a potential PF transdermal delivery vehicle for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis caused by synovium lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Qiao L, Xu W, Wang X, Li H, Xu W, Chu K, Lin Y. Paeoniflorin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Injury by Regulating Ca 2+/CaMKII/CREB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030359. [PMID: 28264448 PMCID: PMC6155252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient of Paeoniae Radix which possesses the neuroprotective effect. However, so far, the neuroprotective mechanism of PF has still not been fully uncovered. The Ca2+/Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signaling pathway plays an important role in the intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, inflammation and metabolism. Herein, the neuroprotective roles of PF in the models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion in rats and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons were investigated. Moreover, we attempted to confirm the hypothesis that its protection effect is via the modulation of the Ca2+/CaMKI)/CREB signaling pathway. In this study, PF not only significantly decreased neurological deficit scores and infarct volume in vivo, but also improved neurons’ cell viability, and inhibited neurons’ apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in vitro. Furthermore, PF significantly up-regulated p-CREB and p-CaMKII, and down-regulated calmodulin (CaM) in vivo and in vitro. The results indicate that the protective effect of PF on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is possible through regulating the Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Lifei Qiao
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Andersen A. Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium p -Chloro- m -Cresol, p -Chloro- m -Cresol, Chlorothymol, Mixed Cresols, m -Cresol, o -Cresol, p -Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, o -Cymen-5-ol, and Carvacrol1. Int J Toxicol 2016; 25 Suppl 1:29-127. [PMID: 16835130 DOI: 10.1080/10915810600716653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium p -Chloro- m -Cresol, p -Chloro- m -Cresol (PCMC), Mixed Cresols, m -Cresol, o -Cresol, p -Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, Chlorothymol, o -Cymen-5-ol, and Carvacrol are substituted phenols used as cosmetic biocides/preservatives and/or fragrance ingredients. Only PCMC, Thymol, and o -Cymen-5-ol are reported to be in current use, with the highest concentration of use at 0.5% for o -Cymen-5-ol in perfumes. The use of PCMC in cosmetics is restricted in Europe and Japan. Cresols can be absorbed through skin, the respiratory tract, and the digestive tract; metabolized by the liver; and excreted by the kidney as glucuronide and sulfate metabolites. Several of these cresols increase the dermal penetration of other agents, including azidothymidine. In acute oral toxicity studies, LD50 values were in the 200 to 5000 mg/kg day-1 range across several species. In short-term studies in rats and mice, an o -Cresol, m -Cresol, p -Cresol or m -Cresol/ p -Cresol mixture at 30,000 ppm in the diet produced increases in liver and kidney weights, deficits in liver function, bone marrow hypocellularity, irritation to the gastrointestinal tract and nasal epithelia, and atrophy of female reproductive organs. The no observed effect levels (NOEL) of o -Cresol was 240 mg/kg in mink and 778 mg/kg in ferrets in short-term feeding studies, with no significant dose-related toxicity (excluding body weight parameters). In mice, 0.5% p -Cresol, but neither m -Cresol nor o -Cresol, caused loss of pigmentation. Short-term and subchronic oral toxicity tests performed with various cresols using mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits resulted in no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for mice of 625 ppm and rats of 50 mg/kg day -1, although the NOEL was 2000 ppm ina chronic study using rats. In rabbits, 160 mg/kg PCMC was found to produce irritation and erythema, but no systemic effects. Hamsters dosed with 1.5% p -Cresol in diet for 20 weeks had a greater incidence of mild and moderate forestomach hyperplasia as compared to the control. Acute inhalation toxicity studies using rats yielded LC50 values ranging from > 20 mg/m3 for o -Cresol to > 583 mg/m3 for PCMC. No deaths were recorded in mice given o -Cresol at 50 mg/m3. Cats exposed (short-term) to 9 to 50 mg/m3 of o -Cresol developed inflammation and irritation of the upper respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage and perivascular sclerosis in the lungs. Rats exposed (subchronic) to o -Cresol at 9 mg/m3 had changes in leukocytes, spinal cord smears, nervous activity, liver function, blood effects, clinical signs, and neurological effects. In guinea pigs, exposure to 9 mg/m3 produced changes in hemoglobin concentrations and electrocardiograms (EKGs). Rats exposed (subchronic) to 0.05 mg/m3 Mixed Cresols by inhalation exhibited central nervous system (CNS) excitation, denaturation of lung protein, and decreased weight gain. All cresols appear to be ocular irritants. Numerous sensitization studies have been reported and most positive reactions were seen with higher concentrations of Cresol ingredients. Developmental toxicity is seen in studies of m -Cresol, o -Cresol, and p -Cresol, but only at maternally toxic levels. In a reproductive toxicity study of a mixture of m -Cresol and p -Cresol using mice under a continuous breeding protocol, 1.0% caused minimal adult reproductive and significant postnatal toxicity in the presence of systemic maternal toxicity. The o -Cresol NOAEL was 0.2% for both reproductive and general toxicity in both generations. Cresol ingredients were generally nongenotoxic in bacterial, fruit fly, and mammalian cell assays. Thymol did not induce primary lung tumors in mice. No skin tumors were found in mice exposed dermally to m -Cresol, o -Cresol, or p -Cresol for 12 weeks. In the tryphan blue exclusion assay, antitumor effects were observed for Thymol and Carvacrol. Clinical patch testing with 2% PCMC may produce irritant reactions, particularly in people with multiple patch test reactions, that are misinterpreted as allergic responses. o -Cresol, p -Cresol, Thymol, Carvacrol, and o -Cymen-5-ol caused no dermal irritation at or above use concentrations. In two predictive patch tests, PCMC did not produce a sensitization reaction. Overall, these ingredients are not significant sensitizing or photosensitizing agents. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel noted some of these ingredients may increase the penetration of other cosmetic ingredients and advised cosmetic formulators to take this into consideration. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the toxic effects of these ingredients are observed at doses higher than would be available from cosmetics. A concentration limitation of 0.5% was chosen to ensure the absence of a chemical leukoderma effect. For p -Cresol and Mixed Cresols (which contain p -Cresol), the Panel considered that the available data are insufficient to support the safety of these two ingredients in cosmetics. Studies that would demonstrate no chemical leukoderma at concentrations of use of p -Cresol and Mixed Cresols, or would demonstrate a dose response from which a safe concentration could be derived, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Andersen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Muruganathan U, Srinivasan S. Beneficial effect of carvone, a dietary monoterpene ameliorates hyperglycemia by regulating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1558-1567. [PMID: 27876337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic/endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate control of carbohydrate metabolism and causes serious health issues. This study evaluates the effect of carvone, a novel monoterpene ketone, on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in the liver of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40mg/kg b.w). STZ intoxication led to a significant increase in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and decrease in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin (Hb). The activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, glycogen, enzymatic antioxidants in pancreas and hepatic markers content were also altered. The daily oral administration of carvone (50mg/kg b.w) to diabetic rats for 30days resulted a significant decline in the levels of plasma glucose, HbA1c and significant improve in the levels of Hb and insulin. The reversed activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, enzymic antioxidants and hepatic marker enzymes in diabetic rats were renovated to near normal level by the administration of carvone. The obtained results were compared with glyclazide, a standard oral hypoglycemia drug. Histopathological analysis of liver and pancreas and immunohistochemistry of pancreas revealed that treatment with carvone reduced the STZ-induced damage to hepatic and β-cells of the pancreas. From our results, carvone regulates carbohydrate metabolism by ameliorating the key enzymes in the hepatic tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats however further studies and safety studies are needed to validate the effects of carvone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaiyar Muruganathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subramani Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
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Gastón MS, Cid MP, Vázquez AM, Decarlini MF, Demmel GI, Rossi LI, Aimar ML, Salvatierra NA. Sedative effect of central administration of Coriandrum sativum essential oil and its major component linalool in neonatal chicks. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1954-1961. [PMID: 26911626 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1137602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) (coriander) is an herb grown throughout the world as a culinary, medicinal or essential crop. In traditional medicine, it is used for the relief of anxiety and insomnia. Systemic hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extract from aerial parts and seeds had anxiolytic and sedative action in rodents, but little is known about its central effect in chicks. Objective To study the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of essential oil from coriander seeds and its major component linalool on locomotor activity and emotionality of neonatal chicks. Materials and methods The chemical composition of coriander essential oil was determined by a gas-chromatographic analysis (> 80% linalool). Behavioural effects of central administration of coriander oil and linalool (both at doses of 0.86, 8.6 and 86 μg/chick) versus saline and a sedative diazepam dose (17.5 μg/chick, standard drug) in an open field test for 10 min were observed. Results Doses of 8.6 and 86 μg from coriander oil and linalool significantly decreased (p < 0.05) squares crossed number, attempted escapes, defecation number and distress calls, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) the sleeping posture on an open field compared with saline and were similar to the diazepam group. Discussion and conclusion The results indicate that intracerebroventricular injection of essential oil from Coriandrum sativum seeds induced a sedative effect at 8.6 and 86 μg doses. This effect may be due to monoterpene linalool, which also induced a similar sedative effect, and, therefore, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent similar to diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Gastón
- a Departamento De Química, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas, Físicas Y Naturales , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba. Instituto De Investigaciones Biológicas Y Tecnológicas, IIByT (CONICET - UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Mariana Paula Cid
- a Departamento De Química, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas, Físicas Y Naturales , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba. Instituto De Investigaciones Biológicas Y Tecnológicas, IIByT (CONICET - UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Ana María Vázquez
- b Laboratorio De Tecnología Química, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Católica De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - María Florencia Decarlini
- b Laboratorio De Tecnología Química, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Católica De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Gabriela I Demmel
- b Laboratorio De Tecnología Química, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Católica De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Laura I Rossi
- c Departamento De Química Orgánica, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba. Instituto De Investigaciones En Físico-Química De Córdoba, INFICQ (CONICET - UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Mario Leandro Aimar
- d Departamento De Química, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas, Físicas Y Naturales , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Nancy Alicia Salvatierra
- a Departamento De Química, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas, Físicas Y Naturales , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba. Instituto De Investigaciones Biológicas Y Tecnológicas, IIByT (CONICET - UNC) , Córdoba , Argentina
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Shi F, Zhao Y, Firempong CK, Xu X. Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetic studies of linalool-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2320-2328. [PMID: 26986932 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1155630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Linalool (LL) is associated with numerous pharmacological activities. However, its poor solubility usually results in poor bioavailability, and further limited its applications. Objective To reduce volatilization and improve bioavailability of LL, linalool-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (LL-NLCs) were prepared. Materials and methods LL-NLCs were prepared using high-pressure homogenization method and optimized via response surface methodology-central composite design, followed by characterization, including particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro release study. Rats were administered 300 mg × kg (-) (1) LL with each preparation (LL-NLCs or LL) via oral gavage. Results LL-NLCs had a PS of 52.72 nm with polydispersity index of 0.172, and ZP of -16.0 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading gave 79.563 and 7.555%, respectively. The cumulative release of LL from free LL reached 51.414% at 180 min, while LL from LL-NLCs was 15.564%. All the pharmacokinetics parameters of LL-NLCs were better than those of LL, including Cmax (from 1915.45 to 2182.45 ng × mL (-) (1)), AUC0-t (from 76003.40 to 298948.46 ng × min × mL (-) (1)) and relative bioavailability (393.34%). The t1/2, MRT and tmax of LL-NLCs (110.50, 146.66 and 60 min) were also longer than that of LL (44.72, 45.66 and 40 min). Discussion and conclusion LL-NLCs were for the first time prepared and its oral administration in rats thoroughly investigated. LL-NLCs exhibited sustained release effect and increased absorption of LL. Therefore, these findings might provide a potential possibility for clinical application of LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Ximing Xu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
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da Silva MTB, Marques RB, Batista-Lima FJ, Soares MA, Dos Santos AA, Magalhães PJC, de Assis Oliveira F, de Castro Almeida FR. α-Terpineol Induces Gastric Retention of Liquids by Inhibiting Vagal Parasympathetic Pathways in Rats. Planta Med 2016; 82:1329-1334. [PMID: 27124242 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Terpineol is a monoterpene with smooth muscle relaxant properties. In this study, its effects on the gastric emptying rate of awake rats were evaluated with emphasis on the mode by which it induces gastrointestinal actions. Administered by gavage, α-terpineol (50 mg/kg) delayed gastric emptying of a liquid test meal at 10 min postprandial. Hexamethonium or guanethidine did not interfere with the retarding effect induced by α-terpineol, but atropine and L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester abolished it. In vagotomized rats, α-terpineol did not delay gastric emptying. In isolated strips of gastric fundus, concentration-effect curves in response to carbamylcholine were higher in magnitude after treatment with the monoterpene. α-Terpineol (1 to 2000 µM) relaxed sustained contractions induced by carbamylcholine or a high K+ concentration in a concentration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect was not affected by the presence of L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, 1 H-[1, 2, 4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, tetraethylammonium, or atropine. Smooth muscle contractions induced by electrical field stimulation were inhibited by α-terpineol. In conclusion, α-terpineol induced gastric retention in awake rats through mechanisms that depended on intact vagal innervation to the stomach, which involved cholinergic/nitrergic signalling. Such a retarding effect induced by α-terpineol appears not to result from a direct action of the monoterpene on gastric smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco José Batista-Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marília Almeida Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Armênio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Jorge Caldas Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Hao J, Yang X, Ding XL, Guo LM, Zhu CH, Ji W, Zhou T, Wu XZ. Paeoniflorin Potentiates the Inhibitory Effects of Erlotinib in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines by Reducing ErbB3 Phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32809. [PMID: 27609096 PMCID: PMC5016851 DOI: 10.1038/srep32809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors is insufficient for effective anti-tumor activity because the reactivation of the ErbB3 signaling pathway significantly contributes to activating the consequent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Combinatorial therapies including ErbB3 targeting may ameliorate tumor responses to anti-EGFR therapies. In the present study, we found that in BxPC-3 and L3.6pl cells, which highly expressed the ErbB3 receptor, significant reduction in cell viability, induction of apoptosis were observed when treated with a combination of erlotinib and PF compared to either agent alone. Moreover, in ErbB3-expressing BxPC-3, L3.6pl and S2VP10 cell lines, the inhibition of ErbB3/PI3K/Akt phosphorylation were observed when treated with PF. Most strikingly, both EGFR/MAPK/Erk and ErbB3/PI3K/Akt activitions were substantially suppressed when treated with the combination of PF and erlotinib. However, in the ErbB3-deficient cell line MIAPaCa-2, no such effects were observed with similar treatments. Most importantly, these in vitro results were replicated in nude mouse transplanted tumor models. Taken together, our findings show that PF enhances the effect of erlotinib in ErbB3-expressing pancreatic cancer cells by directly suppressing ErbB3 activation, and PF in combination with erlotinib is much more effective as an antitumor agent compared with either agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- Zhong-Shan-Men Inpatient Department; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Zhong-Shan-Men Inpatient Department; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiu-li Ding
- Zhong-Shan-Men Inpatient Department; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lei-ming Guo
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine Department of University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cui-hong Zhu
- Zhong-Shan-Men Inpatient Department; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Opening Cancer Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine Department of University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiong-zhi Wu
- Zhong-Shan-Men Inpatient Department; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, 300060, China
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Grando TH, Sagrillo MR, De Brum GF, Nascimento K, Peres DS, Maciel MF, Silveira SO, Da Luz SCA, Doleski PH, Leal DBR, da Silva AS, Monteiro SG. Memory deficit, toxic effects and activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and NTPDase in brain of Wistar rats submitted to orally treatment with alpha-terpinene. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 46:1-8. [PMID: 27400424 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects and activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and NTPDase in Wistar rats after treatment with α-terpinene (daily oral administration of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0mLkg(-1) for 10days) were examined. Results of the inhibitory avoidance task showed a memory deficit (p<0.05) in rats treated with all doses of α-terpinene. The evaluation of DNA damage in brain tissue revealed an increase (p<0.05) on frequency of damage and damage index in all concentrations. According to the cytotoxicity assay, doses of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0mLkg(-1) increase the lactate dehydrogenase levels, and doses of 1.0mLkg(-1) also decrease (p<0.05) cell viability in brain cells. A decrease (p<0.05) on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in brain tissue and on NTPDase activity in serum were observed in all concentrations of α-terpinene. These results suggest that the α-terpinene was cytotoxic and genotoxic to the brain cells by inducing loss of cell viability and DNA damage, as well as causing alterations in Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and NTPDase activity, what may contribute to the memory deficit of treated animals. Thus, α-terpinene cannot be consumed by the population at the doses studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thirssa H Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele R Sagrillo
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gerson F De Brum
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kátia Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diulle S Peres
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriãn F Maciel
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia C A Da Luz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Doleski
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela B R Leal
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Han IW, Kwon OC, Oh MG, Choi YS, Lee SE. Effects of Rowachol on prevention of postcholecystectomy pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:664-70. [PMID: 27485060 PMCID: PMC4972378 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postcholecystectomy pain (PCP) is characterized by abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. However, prevention of PCP is not well known yet. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Rowachol might be useful in preventing PCP. METHODS Between May 2013 and January 2014, a total of 138 patients with gallbladder disease who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to orally receive 100 mg Rowachol or placebo three times daily for 3 months after surgery. Abdominal pain was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. RESULTS Incidence of PCP in the placebo group (n = 9, 14.3%) was higher than that in the Rowachol group (n = 3, 4.7%) with statistically marginal significance (P = 0.08). Risk factor analysis implicated PCP with increased difficulty in performing LC, more frequent pathology with acute cholecystitis, and absence of postoperative Rowachol treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that greater difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (HR = 5.78, 95% CI 1.36-24.40, P < 0.05), and absence of postoperative Rowachol treatment (HR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.10-10.39, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for development of PCP. CONCLUSION Rowachol might be beneficial for prevention of PCP after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Woong Han
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - O Choel Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Min Gu Oh
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Yoo Shin Choi
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, South Korea.
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Ding X, Sun Y, Wang Q, Pu T, Li X, Pan Y, Yang Y. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glycyrrhetinic acid with Paeoniflorin after transdermal administration in dysmenorrhea model mice. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:864-871. [PMID: 27288922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and paeoniflorin (PF) are the main active ingredients in Chinese peony- Liquorice Decoction, a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of this work was to investigate the combinatory analgesic effect of GA and PF after percutaneous administration and to define their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS GA and PF were produced to transdermal patches based on previous research, and the permeation parameters of GA and PF in the patches were investigated with in vitro experiments. Dysmenorrhea model mice were then produced to compare the analgesic effects of the patches with different proportions of GA-PF. In the in vivo assessment, the number of writhes exhibited by the dysmenorrhea mice was recorded at designated time points, and skin, muscle under skin and plasma samples were collected, for assessments of drug distribution, pharmacokinetics parameters and PK/PD characteristics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In dysmenorrhea mice, GA-PF and meloxicam (the positive control drug) could relieve pain to equal degrees. Specifically, a single dose of the optimized patches (10%GA-10%PF, wt) exerted a steady analgesic effect for 48h in dysmenorrhea mice, but this effect lagged behind the changes in the plasma concentration. Evaluation with the Bliss Independence criterion revealed that the two ingredients displayed a synergistic effect. Then the PK/PD relationship of GA in this compound preparation was defined with this synergistic effect. The preparation might be suitable for topical spasmolysis and anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Chemical Analysis and Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Tingting Pu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqing Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Zhang Y, Wang QC, Yu H, Zhu J, de Lange K, Yin Y, Wang Q, Gong J. Evaluation of alginate-whey protein microcapsules for intestinal delivery of lipophilic compounds in pigs. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2674-81. [PMID: 26300545 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal care and management, there is an increasing demand for convenient methods of oral delivery of bioactive compounds to specific segments of an animal's gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to test the suitability of microcapsules made with alginate and whey proteins of two different sizes (250 and 800 µm; containing 72 and 76 g kg(-1) of carvacrol respectively) for intestinal delivery of carvacrol in pigs. RESULTS Encapsulated carvacrol was completely released from the microcapsules after 5 h incubation in simulated intestinal fluids or 6 h in (ex vivo) ileal digesta, whereas release in simulated gastric fluid was minimal. Tests with growing pigs showed over 95% of unencapsulated carvacrol was absorbed or metabolized in the stomach and the duodenum. Encapsulation effectively minimized carvacrol absorption in the stomach (P < 0.05), and increased carvacrol recovery in the small intestine (P < 0.05). Encapsulated carvacrol was completely released from both small and large size capsules within the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Larger size microcapsules showed a slower in vitro release and greater in vivo recovery of carvacrol in the small intestine (P < 0.05) than the smaller ones. CONCLUSION This study indicates alginate-whey protein microencapsulation is a feasible approach for targeted oral delivery of hydrophobic compounds to pig intestines; increasing capsule size increased delivery of carvacrol to the end of the small intestine. © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qi C Wang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Julia Zhu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kees de Lange
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9, Canada
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Abstract
The present study included 60 children at the age from 6 to 10 years undergoing a course of out-patient and in-patient treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). Thirty of these patients were given Myrtol standardised in the dose of 120 mg thrice daily for 7 days, in addition to traditional therapy.With convincing objective data for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (in accordance with the criteria of EP3OS 2012), antibacterial preparations were prescribed to the children. The remaining patients received either conventional (symptomatic, irrigation) therapy or systemic antimicrobial agents. The analysis of characteristics of the visual-analog scale reflecting the severity of rhinorrhea, basal congestion, and coughing has demonstrated a significant (р<0,05) difference between the two groups of children in terms of manifestations of the clinical symptoms within days 7 and 14 after the onset of the treatment. For basal congestion, the difference was apparent as soon as day 3 after the beginning of therapy. The duration of the treatment with intranasal vasoconstrictive medications used for symptomatic therapy by the patients given Myrtol standardized was 2.2±0.4 days in comparison with 3.6±0.5 days in the control group. None of the patients treated with GeloMyrtol exhibited any adverse reaction attributable to the action of the medication in being studied. The study has demonstrated that using Myrtol standardized for the treatment of the uncomplicated forms of acute rhinosinusitis in children is clinically effective, safe, and convenient method for the management of ARS in children. And it can be recommended for the wide practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Karpova
- Russian Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993
| | - D A Tulupov
- Russian Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993
| | - M P Emel'yanova
- Russian Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993
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Ramalho TRDO, Oliveira MTPD, Lima ALDA, Bezerra-Santos CR, Piuvezam MR. Gamma-Terpinene Modulates Acute Inflammatory Response in Mice. Planta Med 2015; 81:1248-1254. [PMID: 26132854 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene gamma-terpinene is a natural compound present in essential oils of a wide variety of plants, including the Eucalyptus genus, which has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma-terpinene on several in vivo experimental models of acute inflammation. Swiss mice were pretreated with gamma-terpinene and subjected to protocols of paw edema with different phlogistic agents such as carrageenan, prostaglandin-E2, histamine, or bradykinin. The microvascular permeability was measured by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and measuring the amount of protein extravasation. Carrageenan-induced peritonitis was used to analyze the effect of gamma-terpinene on inflammatory cell migration and cytokine production. We also developed an acute lung injury protocol to define the anti-inflammatory effect of gamma-terpinene. Mice pretreated with gamma-terpinene displayed reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan from 1-24 h after challenge. A similar reduction was observed when gamma-terpinene was administered after stimulation with PGE2, bradykinin, and histamine. Treatment with gamma-terpinene also inhibited fluid extravasation in the acetic acid model of microvascular permeability. In a carrageenan-induced peritonitis model, gamma-terpinene treatment reduced neutrophil migration as well as the production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α when compared to nontreated animals, and in the acute lung injury protocol, gamma-terpinene diminished the neutrophil migration into lung tissue independently of the total protein extravasation in the lung. These data demonstrate that, in different models of inflammation, treatment with gamma-terpinene alleviated inflammatory parameters such as edema and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, as well as cell migration into the inflamed site, and that this monoterpene has anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Raquel de Oliveira Ramalho
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Maria Talita Pacheco de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Ana Luisa de Araujo Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Claudio Roberto Bezerra-Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Marcia Regina Piuvezam
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
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Rocha Caldas GF, Oliveira ARDS, Araújo AV, Lafayette SSL, Albuquerque GS, Silva-Neto JDC, Costa-Silva JH, Ferreira F, da Costa JGM, Wanderley AG. Gastroprotective Mechanisms of the Monoterpene 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134558. [PMID: 26244547 PMCID: PMC4526535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, our research group identified and reported 1,8-cineole (CIN), a monoterpene that naturally occur in many aromatic plants, as one of the major constituent of the essential oil from leaves of Hyptis martiusii (EOHM), as well as characterized the gastroprotective action of this oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action involved in the antiulcer and healing activity of CIN, in order to confirm its correlation with the gastroprotective effect of EOHM. Wistar rats were exposed to different protocols (acute ulceration, gastrointestinal motility and antisecretory activity). In addition, were determinated the involvement of nitric oxide and sulphydryl groups; the levels of gastric mucus, lipid peroxidation, sulphydryl groups and myeloperoxidase activity. The healing ability was evaluated by acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer and histological and immunohistochemical analysis (PCNA, Ki-67 and BrdU). The treatment with CIN inhibited ethanol-, ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions. The highest doses of CIN inhibited gastric emptying, but did not affect intestinal transit. CIN (100 mg/kg) reduced the volume of basal but not stimulated acid secretion. CIN increased levels of mucus (89.3%), prevented depletion of -SH groups (62.6%) and reduced the level of lipid peroxidation (55.3%) and myeloperoxidase activity (59.4%) in the gastric mucosa. In chronic ulcer model, CIN reduced in 43.1% the gastric area lesion, promoted significant regeneration and restoration of the levels of mucus in glandular cells as confirmed by histological analysis; and promoted increase in cell proliferation as evidenced by reactivity for PCNA, Ki-67 and BrdU. This findings demonstrate the role of 1,8-cineole as an important ulcer healing agent and indicate the involvement of antioxidant and cytoprotective mechanisms in the gastroprotective effect of compound. This study also provides evidence that 1,8-cineole is related to the gastroprotective effect of the essential oil of Hyptis martiusii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670–901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608–680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670–901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740–521, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670–901, Recife, PE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kasuya H, Iida S, Ono K, Satou T, Koike K. Intracerebral Distribution of a-Pinene and the Anxiolytic-like Effect in Mice Following Inhaled Administration of Essential Oil from Chamaecyparis obtuse. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1479-1482. [PMID: 26434146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The anxiolytic-like and stress reduction effects following inhaled administration of essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa (EOCO) have been reported. Volatile components are thought to produce these effects of EOCO by neurological transfer and pharmacological transfer. The regions of the brain in which inhaled compounds are found due to pharmacological transfer of EOCO are not known. This research was undertaken to clarify the relationship between the intracerebral distribution of α-pinene, which is the main component of EOCO, and emotional behavior. α-Pinene was detected as the main component of volatile EOCO. The amount of α-pinene in each region of the brain was measured following inhaled administration of EOCO. The amount of α-pinene was different in each region of the brain. With inhaled administration of 32 μL/L air EOCO, a high concentration of α-pinene was observed. However, no significant differences in the concentration of α-pinene among brain regions were found. A therapeutic concentration of α-pinene (8 μL/L air EOCO) in each region of the brain may induce an anxiolytic-like effect, and a high concentration of α-pinene (32 μL/L air EOCO) in each region of the brain may induce an excitatory-like effect. The increases in the concentration of α-pinene from 8 to 32 μL/L air EOCO in the striatum and the hippocampus were significantly lower compared with the increases in other brain regions. These results indicate that regions besides the striatum and the hippocampus participated in the increase in locomotor activity due to the high concentration of α-pinene in the brain.
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Souza MA, Oliveira JE, Medeiros ES, Glenn GM, Mattoso LHC. Controlled Release of Linalool Using Nanofibrous Membranes of Poly(lactic acid) Obtained by Electrospinning and Solution Blow Spinning: A Comparative Study. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:5628-36. [PMID: 26369129 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The controlled-release of natural plant oils such as linalool is of interest in therapeutics, cosmetics, and antimicrobial and larvicidal products. The present study reports the release characteristics of linalool encapsulated at three concentrations (10, 15 and 20 wt.%) in poly(lactic acid) nanofibrous membranes produced by electrospinning and solution blow spinning (SBS) as well as the effect of linalool on fiber morphology and structural properties. PLA nanofibrous membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurements. The average diameters of the electrospun and solution blow spun nanofibers were similar, ranging from 176 to 240 nm. Linalool behaved as a plasticizer to PLA decreasing the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm) and crystallization temperature (TC) of PLA. Curves of the release of linalool at 35 °C were non-linear, showing a clear biphasic pattern consistent with one or more Fickian release components. The time required to release 50% of linalool (t1/2) decreased with increasing linalool concentration. The range in t1/2 values for SBS nanofibers was higher (291-1645s) than the t1/2 values for electrospun fibers (76-575s).
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Murata S, Ogawa K, Matsuzaka T, Chiba M, Nakayama K, Iwasaki K, Kurokawa T, Sano N, Tanoi T, Ohkohchi N. 1,8-Cineole Ameliorates Steatosis of Pten Liver Specific KO Mice via Akt Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12051-63. [PMID: 26023714 PMCID: PMC4490428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-specific Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten)-knockout (KO) mice exhibit hepatic lesions analogous to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 1,8-cineole is a monoterpene oxide and it has several biological effects including hepatoprotective effects. In this study we revealed that 1,8-cineole ameliorates NASH of Pten KO mice. Pten KO mice were assigned to a control group without any medication or to a 1,8-cineole group injected with 50 mg/kg i.p. twice per week for eight weeks. At eight weeks, livers from each group were processed to measure triglyceride (TG) content, gene expression analysis, western blot analysis, and histological examination including Oil red O staining. 1,8-cineole ameliorated hepatic steatosis in Pten KO mice, revealed by TG content and Oil red O staining. Moreover, 1,8-cineole downregulated collagen 1a1 expression and improved liver fibrosis. Thus, 1,8-cineole has potential as a candidate to treat NASH by inactivating the Akt/PI3-kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Murata
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Iwasaki
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kurokawa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sano
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohito Tanoi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Pérez-Sánchez J, Benedito-Palos L, Estensoro I, Petropoulos Y, Calduch-Giner JA, Browdy CL, Sitjà-Bobadilla A. Effects of dietary NEXT ENHANCE®150 on growth performance and expression of immune and intestinal integrity related genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 44:117-128. [PMID: 25681752 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream juveniles were fed different doses (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 ppm) of NEXT ENHANCE®150 (NE) for 9 weeks. Feed gain ratio (FGR) was improved by a 10% with all the doses, but feed intake decreased in a dose dependent manner. The optimum inclusion level to achieve maximum growth was set at 100 ppm. The hepatosomatic index did not vary and only at the highest dose, viscerosomatic and splenosomatic indexes were significantly decreased. No significant changes were found in haematological parameters, plasma biochemistry, total antioxidant capacity and respiratory burst. In a second trial, NE was given at 100 ppm alone (D1) or in combination with the prebiotic PREVIDA® (0.5%) (PRE) (D2) for 17 weeks. There were no differences in the growth rates, and FGR was equally improved for D1 and D2. No significant changes in haematology and plasma antioxidant capacity were detected. The histological examination of the liver and the intestine showed no outstanding differences in the liver, but the number of mucosal foldings appeared to be higher in D1 and D2 vs CTRL diet and the density of enterocytes and goblet cells also appeared higher, particularly in the anterior intestine. A 87-gene PCR-array was constructed based on our transcriptomic database (www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) and applied to samples of anterior (AI) and posterior (PI) intestine. It included 54 new gene sequences and other sequences as markers of cell differentiation and proliferation, intestinal architecture and permeability, enterocyte mass and epithelial damage, interleukins and cytokines, pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and mitochondrial function and biogenesis. More than half of the studied genes had significantly different expression between AI and PI segments. The functional significance of this differential tissue expression is discussed. The experimental diets induced significant changes in the expression of 26 genes. The intensity of these changes and the number of genes that were significantly regulated were higher at PI than at AI. At PI, both diets invoked a clear down-regulation of genes involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, some involved in cell to cell communication, cytokines and several PRR. By contrast, up-regulation was mostly found for genes related to enterocyte mass, cell epithelial damage and mitochondrial activity at AI. The changes were of the same order for D1 and D2, except for fatty acid-binding proteins 2 and 6 and the PRR fucolectin, which were higher in D2 and D1 fed fish, respectively. Thus, NE alone or in combination with PRE seems to induce an anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative transcriptomic profile with probable improvement in the absorptive capacity of the intestine that would explain the improved FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Laura Benedito-Palos
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain.
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Cai J, Rao M, Tang M, Xiang L, Feng S, Xiao C, Liu Y. [Protective effect of paeoniflorin on the hippocampus in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through activating cannabinoid receptor 2]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31:443-447. [PMID: 25854559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin on hippocampal neurons in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion through activating cannabinoid receptor 2 (CBR2). METHODS A total of 144 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model group, menstruum group, 10 and 40 mg/kg paeoniflorin groups, 3 mg/kg CBR2 selective antagonist AM630 group, 40 mg/kg paeoniflorin combined with 3 mg/kg AM630 group, and 3 mg/kg CBR2 selective agonist HU308 treatment group. Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models were made by inserting a monofilament suture into internal carotid artery. The neurological scores, infarction volume and cerebral edema were detected carefully to find out the effect of paeoniflorin on neurons. Pathological changes were observed by HE staining. The expressions of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in hippocampal CA1 region were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Paeoniflorin significantly decreased the neurological scores, infarction volume and cerebral edema. In addition, paeoniflorin relieved the pathological changes and inhibited the expressions of caspase-3 and COX-2 in hippocampus CA1 area. But injecting AM630 in advance obviously counteracted the neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin. CONCLUSION CBR2 may participate in the protective effect of paeoniflorin on hippocampal neurons of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Cai
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Menglin Rao
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Tang
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sha Feng
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chengyan Xiao
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Teaching and Research Section of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Zeng S, Kapur A, Patankar MS, Xiong MP. Formulation, Characterization, and Antitumor Properties of Trans- and Cis-Citral in the 4T1 Breast Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2548-58. [PMID: 25673043 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Citral is composed of a random mixture of two geometric stereoisomers geranial (trans-citral) and neral (cis-citral) yet few studies have directly compared their in vivo antitumor properties. A micelle formulation was therefore developed. METHODS Geranial and neral were synthesized. Commercially-purchased citral, geranial, and neral were formulated in PEG-b-PCL (block sizes of 5000:10,000, Mw/Mn 1.26) micelles. In vitro degradation, drug release, cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, and western blot studies were conducted. The antitumor properties of drug formulations (40 and 80 mg/kg based on MTD studies) were evaluated on the 4T1 xenograft mouse model and tumor tissues were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Micelles encapsulated drugs with >50% LE at 5-40% drug to polymer (w/w), displayed sustained release (t1/2 of 8-9 h), and improved drug stability at pH 5.0. The IC50 of drug formulations against 4T1 cells ranged from 1.4 to 9.9 μM. Western blot revealed that autophagy was the main cause of cytotoxicity. Geranial at 80 mg/kg was most effective at inhibiting tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Geranial is significantly more potent than neral and citral at 80 mg/kg (p < 0.001) and western blot of tumor tissues confirms that autophagy and not apoptosis is the major mechanism of tumor growth inhibition in p53-null 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Doxorubicin is a chemotherapy agent used in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but side effects limit its use. Citral is a mixture of neral and geranial found in essential oils of lemon grass. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the activity of citral, doxorubicin, and combination on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and anti-proliferative effects using human lymphoma Ramos cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were treated with doxorubicin alone or in combination with citral (10, 20, and 40 μM). Cytotoxic and apoptosis studies were done after 24 and 18 h incubations, respectively. Cytotoxic effects of citral on normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also investigated for its safety. Changes in the expression of BCL-2 family genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Citral had cytotoxicity on cells with an IC50 value of 77.19 ± 4.95 µM. Citral at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 µM additively increased the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of doxorubicin, leading to decreased IC50 (µM) of the drug from 2.50 ± 0.01 to 2.16 ± 0.03, 1.90 ± 0.04, and 1.23 ± 0.04, respectively. Enhanced cytotoxicity was not observed in normal human PBMCs. Citral (40 µM) in combination with doxorubicin (1.5 µM) increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAK but significantly decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL to 5.26-fold compared with doxorubicin-treated cells. It did not change the anti-proliferative activity of drug. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Citral potentiated cytotoxicity of doxorubicin by increasing apoptotic effects. We conclude that citral may have beneficial effects in patients with B cell lymphoma treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darinee Dangkong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand and
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Nascimento SS, Araújo AAS, Brito RG, Serafini MR, Menezes PP, DeSantana JM, Lucca W, Alves PB, Blank AF, Oliveira RCM, Oliveira AP, Albuquerque RLC, Almeida JRGS, Quintans LJ. Cyclodextrin-complexed Ocimum basilicum leaves essential oil increases Fos protein expression in the central nervous system and produce an antihyperalgesic effect in animal models for fibromyalgia. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:547-63. [PMID: 25551603 PMCID: PMC4307262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
O. basilicum leaves produce essential oils (LEO) rich in monoterpenes. The short half-life and water insolubility are limitations for LEO medical uses. β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been employed to improve the pharmacological properties of LEO. We assessed the antihyperalgesic profile of LEO, isolated or complexed in β-CD (LEO/β-CD), on an animal model for fibromyalgia. Behavioral tests: mice were treated every day with either LEO/β-CD (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), LEO (25 mg/kg, p.o.), tramadol (TRM 4 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline), and 60 min after treatment behavioral parameters were assessed. Therefore, mice were evaluated for mechanical hyperalgesia (von Frey), motor coordination (Rota-rod) and muscle strength (Grip Strength Metter) in a mice fibromyalgia model. After 27 days, we evaluated the central nervous system (CNS) pathways involved in the effect induced by experimental drugs through immunofluorescence protocol to Fos protein. The differential scanning analysis (DSC), thermogravimetry/derivate thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) curves indicated that the products prepared were able to incorporate the LEO efficiently. Oral treatment with LEO or LEO-βCD, at all doses tested, produced a significant reduction of mechanical hyperalgesia and we were able to significantly increase Fos protein expression. Together, our results provide evidence that LEO, isolated or complexed with β-CD, produces analgesic effects on chronic non-inflammatory pain as fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Pharmacology (LAPEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Tancredo Neves, S/N, Rosa Elza, CEP: 49.000-100, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Renan G Brito
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Pharmacology (LAPEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Tancredo Neves, S/N, Rosa Elza, CEP: 49.000-100, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Josimari M DeSantana
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.060-108, Brazil.
| | - Waldecy Lucca
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Pericles B Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Arie F Blank
- Department of Agronomic Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Rita C M Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Aldeidia P Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí 64.049-550, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo L C Albuquerque
- Institute of Technology and Research, University Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe 49.032-490, Brazil.
| | - Jackson R G S Almeida
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco 56.304-917, Brazil.
| | - Lucindo J Quintans
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Pharmacology (LAPEC), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Tancredo Neves, S/N, Rosa Elza, CEP: 49.000-100, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49.100-000, Brazil.
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Hu G, Yuan X, Zhang S, Wang R, Yang M, Wu C, Wu Z, Ke X. Research on choleretic effect of menthol, menthone, pluegone, isomenthone, and limonene in DanShu capsule. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 24:191-197. [PMID: 25499726 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Danshu capsule (DSC) is a medicinal compound in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is commonly used for the treatment of acute & chronic cholecystitis as well as choleithiasis. To study its choleretic effect, healthy rats were randomly divided into DSC high (DSCH, 900mg/kg), medium (DSCM, 450mg/kg), and low (DSCL, 225mg/kg) group, Xiaoyan Lidan tablet (XYLDT, 750mg/kg), and saline group. The bile was collected for 1h after 20-minute stabilization as the base level, and at 1h, 2h, 3h, and 4h after drug administration, respectively. Bile volume, total cholesterol, and total bile acid were measured at each time point. The results revealed that DSC significantly stimulated bile secretion, decreased total cholesterol level and increased total bile acid level. Therefore, it had choleretic effects. To identify the active components contributing to its choleretic effects, five major constituents which are menthol (39.33mg/kg), menthone (18.02mg/kg), isomenthone (8.18mg/kg), pluegone (3.31mg/kg), and limonene (4.39mg/kg) were tested on our rat model. The results showed that menthol and limonene could promote bile secretion when compared to DSC treatment (p > 0.05); Menthol, menthol and limonene could significantly decrease total cholesterol level (p<0.05 or p<0.01) as well as increase total bile acid level (p<0.05 or p<0.01); Isomenthone, as a isomer of menthone, existed slightly choleretic effects; Pluegone had no obvious role in bile acid efflux. These findings indicated that the choleretic effects of DSC may be attributed mainly to its three major constituents: menthol, menthone and limonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yuan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Ruru Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Miao Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China.
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Sichuan Jishengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Sichuan Jishengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, P.R. China
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Abstract
In phytotherapy, essential oils tend to be used daily for a period of days or weeks, rather than in a single application. However, the literature contains very little information on repeated use of essential oils. In this study, we investigated the effects on behavior and the accumulation in the brain and liver of α-pinene, an essential oil component, when inhaled by mice. Animals were individually housed in cages for 1 week. Mice inhaled α-pinene or water vapor (negative control) for 90 min/day for 1 day, 3 days, or 5 days, and they were then submitted to the elevated plus maze test for 10 min. We used gas chromatography with flame ionization detection to quantify concentrations of α-pinene in the brain and liver. There was significant anxiolytic-like activity, which remained constant for the 5 days’ inhalation of α-pinene. On the other hand, the accumulation of α-pinene in the brain and liver peaked on the third day of inhalation. The existence of stress related to the new environment appears to have affected the change in the accumulation of α-pinene in the internal organs, keeping the anxiolytic-like action constant.
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Zhao RZ, Wang YJ, Feng LM, Lu CJ. [Pharmacokinetic study on peoniflorin, astilbin, rosmarinic acid, isofraxidin and liquiritin in rat blood after oral administration of shaolin xiaoyin tablets]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:2559-63. [PMID: 25276982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To establish a method for the determination of astilbin, peoniflorin, rasmarinci acid, isofraxidin and liquiritin contained in Shaolin Xiaoyin tablets, in order to lay a foundation for designing late-stage dosage forms and clinical medication schemes. In this paper, efforts were made to establish a method for the determination of the blood concentration of the five components and study the in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. The blood concentration was determined by HPLC. Phenomenex C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol-acetonitrile-0.05% formic acid, the flow rate was 0.8 mL x min(-1), and the wavelength was 275 nm. The samples were processed by the solid phase extraction method. After oral administration of Shaoling Xiaoyin tablets, the rat bloods were collected at different time points to determine the blood concentrations. The experimental results showed that the baseline separation could be adopted for the five components, and astilbin, peoniflorin, rasmarinci acid, isofraxidin and liquiritin showed good linear relations within ranges of 2.48-248, 0.213 6-21.36, 0.531-53.1, 0.704-70.4, 0.253-25.3 mg x L(-1). All the five components could be absorbed in blood and excreted quickly. The method established in this paper is rapid and accurate, and could be used for in vivo analysis on preparations containing similar components. The main components in Shaoling Xiaoyin tablets could be absorbed and excreted quickly, and thus suitable to be made into sustained release tablets. Common preparations are required to be taken for 4-6 times a day.
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Nascimento SS, Camargo EA, DeSantana JM, Araújo AAS, Menezes PP, Lucca-Júnior W, Albuquerque-Júnior RLC, Bonjardim LR, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Linalool and linalool complexed in β-cyclodextrin produce anti-hyperalgesic activity and increase Fos protein expression in animal model for fibromyalgia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:935-42. [PMID: 24958161 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The analgesic activity of (-)-linalool (LIN), a monoterpene present in essential oils of Lamiaceae species, has been previously demonstrated in rodents. However, its possible use in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM) was never demonstrated. Additionally, as a short half-life is a limitation for the LIN medicinal application, the employment of drug delivery systems has been used to improve pharmaceutical properties of this compound. We investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of LIN, isolated or in β-cyclodextrin complex (LIN-CD), in an animal model of chronic non-inflammatory muscle pain (a FM animal model), as well as its effect on the central nervous system (CNS). Male Swiss mice were subjected to two injections of acidic saline (pH 4; 20 μL/gastrocnemius) and were treated on alternate days, with LIN-CD (25 mg/kg, p.o.), LIN (25 mg/kg, p.o.), tramadol (TRM 4 mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle (neutral saline). After 60 min, they were screened for mechanical hyperalgesia (von Frey), motor coordination (rotarod), and muscle strength (grip strength meter) for 27 days. The CNS areas involved in the anti-hyperalgesic activity were evaluated by immunofluorescence. LIN or LIN-CD produced a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of mechanical hyperalgesia on chronic non-inflammatory muscle pain model, which remained for 24 h only in LIN-CD, and these compounds significantly (p < 0.05) activated neurons of the locus coeruleus, nucleus raphe magnus, and periaqueductal gray areas. So, our results suggest that LIN-CD improved analgesic profile of LIN, with a probable involvement of descending pain pathways and the anti-nociceptive effect of linalool in an animal model of chronic non-inflammatory muscle pain. So far, only the investigations in animal models of inflammatory pain and supraspinatus were published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe (DFS/UFS), Av. Marechal Rondom, s/n, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Aristatile B, Al-Assaf AH, Pugalendi KV. Carvacrol ameliorates the PPAR-A and cytochrome P450 expression on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11:118-23. [PMID: 25371573 PMCID: PMC4202429 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-phenol) is a predominant monoterpenic phenol which occurs in many essential oils of the family Labiatae including Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Thymus, and Corydothymus species. It is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities. The present study investigates the influence of carvacrol on CYP2E1 and PPAR-α on D-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2E1 and PPAR-α have been assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. RESULT The result demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP2E1(p=0.012; p=0.015) significantly up-regulated while the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-α (p=0.026; p=0.03) significantly down-regulated on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats and treatment with carvacrol significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein (CYP2E1, p=0.010; p=0.011) (PPAR-α, p=0.033; p=0.037) expressions of these genes. CONCLUSION Thus, the present results have shown that carvacrol has the hepatoprotective effect and also alleviates liver damage associated with GalN induced hepatotoxic rats by down-regulating the CYP2E1 and up-regulating the PPAR-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Aristatile
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Al-Assaf
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kodukkur Viswanathan Pugalendi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Xu J, Hu ZQ, Wang C, Yin ZQ, Wei Q, Zhou LJ, Li L, Du YH, Jia RY, Li M, Fan QJ, Liang XX, He CL, Yin LZ. Acute and subacute toxicity study of 1,8-cineole in mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:1495-1501. [PMID: 24817945 PMCID: PMC4014229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acute and subacute toxicity of 1,8-cineole in Kunming mice were studied. After acute oral administration, the LD50 value (95% CL) was 3849 mg/kg (3488.8~4247.1 mg/kg). In the subacute toxicity study, there were no significant differences in body weight and relative organ weight between the control group and 1,8-cineole treatment groups. The histopathological examinations showed that granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration appeared in liver and kidney tissue after administration of high dose of 1,8-cineole. Under electron microscopy, a series of ultrastructural changes were observed: The electron microscopy assays indicated that the influence of 1,8-cineole on the target organ at the subcellular level were mainly on the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and other membrane type structure of liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
- Leshan Vocational & Technical CollegeLeshan, 614000, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Lab of Southwest Special Economic Plant Protection & Utilization, Yibin CollegeYibin, 644000, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Yong-Hua Du
- Key Lab of Southwest Special Economic Plant Protection & Utilization, Yibin CollegeYibin, 644000, China
| | - Ren-Yong Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricutural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Qiao-Jia Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Chang-Liang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
| | - Li-Zi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an, 625014, China
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Yi JF. [Effect of paeoniflorin on level of glucocorticoid receptor of peripheral blood monocytes in rats of collagen-induced arthritis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:907-910. [PMID: 25204188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study is to explore the effect of paeoniflorin on the level of glucocorticoid receptor, including glucocorticoid receptor-alpha (GCRalpha) and glucocorticoid receptor-beta (GCRbeta), of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in rats of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA is induced in Wistar rats by an intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen emulsified with complete adjuvant. From the 14th day after primary immunization, the CIA rats were intragastrically administered paeoniflorin 25, 50 and 100 mg x kg(-1) or triptolde 20 microg x kg(-1) or paeoniflorin 50 mg x kg(-1) + RU486 15 mg x kg(-1), once a day, for 28 consecutive days. After administration, apart from PF + RU486 group all experimental rats were took blood by removalling eyeball, then separated PBMCs. The level of GCRalpha, GCRbeta in PBMCs were examined by ELISA, and the mRNA expression of GCRalpha, GCRbeta was detected by RT-PCR. All rats were sacrificed and took the joint with no immunization. The expression of IL-1beta, NF-kappaB p65, TNF-alpha, PGE2 of synovial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Paeoniflorin was able to inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, NF-kappaB p65, TNF-alpha, PGE2 of synovial tissue in CIA rats. While RU486, glucocorticoid receptor's blocker, could weaken the fuction of paeoniflorin. Meanwhile, paeoniflorin obviously induced the expression of GCRalpha and GCRalpha mRNA, while obviously inhibited the expression of GCRbeta and GCRbeta mRNA. These results indicat paeoniflorine suppresses inflammatory mediator production may be relating with it regulating GCR in PBMCs of CIA rats.
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DA Fonseca CO, Teixeira RM, Silva JCT, DE Saldanha DA Gama Fischer J, Meirelles OC, Landeiro JA, Quirico-Santos T. Long-term outcome in patients with recurrent malignant glioma treated with Perillyl alcohol inhalation. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:5625-5631. [PMID: 24324108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-term response and toxicity of recurrent malignant glioma patients to inhalation chemotherapy with perillyl alcohol (POH). PATIENTS AND METHODS The cohort included 117 men and 81 women with primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; n=154), grade III astrocytoma (AA; n=26) and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO; n=5). POH inhalation schedule 4-times daily started with 66.7 mg/dose; 266 mg/day and escalated up to 133.4 mg/dose; 533.6 mg/day. Clinical toxicity and overall survival following treatment were compared with tumor size, topography, extent of peritumoral edema and histological classification. RESULTS Adhesion to the protocol was high (>95%), POH (533.6 mg/daily) occasionally caused nose soreness but rarely nosebleed. Tumor size, peritumoral edema and the oligodendroglial component influenced response to treatment. CONCLUSION After 4 years under exclusive POH treatment, 19% of patients still remain in clinical remission. Long-term POH inhalation chemotherapy is a safe and non-invasive strategy efficient for recurrent malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis O DA Fonseca
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, 24020-141, Brazil.
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