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Seyyedin S, Ezzatabadipour M, Nematollahi-Mahani SN. The Role of Various Factors in Neural Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Special Focus on the Physical Stimulants. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:166-177. [PMID: 36734908 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230124151311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMs) are considered as ideal tools for cell therapy procedures and regenerative medicine. The capacity of these cells to differentiate into neural lineage cells make them potentially important in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. An electronic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 1990 to March 2022. This review discusses the current knowledge on the effect of various factors, including physical, chemical and biological stimuli which play a key role in the differentiation of hUCMs into neural and glial cells. Moreover, the currently understood molecular mechanisms involved in the neural differentiation of hUCMs under various environmental stimuli are reviewed. Various stimuli, especially physical stimuli and specifically different light sources, have revealed effects on neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, including hUCMs; however, due to the lack of information about the exact mechanisms, there is still a need to find optimal conditions to promote the differentiation capacity of these cells which in turn can lead to significant progress in the clinical application of hUCMs for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Seyyedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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2
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Zhu Y, Chang B, Pang Y, Wang H, Zhou Y. Advances in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α Stabilizer Deferoxamine in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:347-357. [PMID: 36475887 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO) is an iron chelator with FDA approval for the clinical treatment of iron excess. As a well-established stabilizer of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), DFO can efficiently upregulate HIF-1α and relevant downstream angiogenic factors, leading to accelerated vascularization. Moreover, as increasing studies have focused on DFO as a hypoxia-mimetic agent in recent years, it has been shown that DFO exhibited multiple functions, including stem cell regulation, immunoregulation, provascularization, and pro-osteogenesis. On the contrary, DFO can bind excess iron ions in wounds of chronic inflammation, while serving as an antioxidant with the characteristic of removing reactive oxygen species. Collectively, these characteristics make DFO a potent modulator in tissue engineering for increasing tissue integration of biomaterials in vivo and facilitating wound healing. This review outlines the activity of DFO as a representative hypoxia-mimetic agent in cells as well as the evolution of its application in tissue engineering. It can be concluded that DFO is a medication with tremendous promise and application value in future trends, which can optimize biomaterials and existing tissue engineering techniques for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bei Chang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Chen W, Wu P, Yu F, Luo G, Qing L, Tang J. HIF-1α Regulates Bone Homeostasis and Angiogenesis, Participating in the Occurrence of Bone Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223552. [PMID: 36428981 PMCID: PMC9688488 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is destroyed under pathological conditions, leading to the occurrence of bone metabolism diseases. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is regulated by oxygen concentration. It affects energy metabolism, which plays a vital role in preventing bone metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the HIF-1α pathway and describes in detail the possible mechanism of its involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis and angiogenesis, as well as the current experimental studies on the use of HIF-1α in the prevention of bone metabolic diseases. HIF-1α/RANKL/Notch1 pathway bidirectionally regulates the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts under different conditions. In addition, HIF-1α is also regulated by many factors, including hypoxia, cofactor activity, non-coding RNA, trace elements, etc. As a pivotal pathway for coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis, HIF-1α has been widely studied in bone metabolic diseases such as bone defect, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, fracture, and nonunion. The wide application of biomaterials in bone metabolism also provides a reasonable basis for the experimental study of HIF-1α in preventing bone metabolic diseases.
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Effects of green light-emitting diode irradiation on neural differentiation of human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells; Involvement of MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:259-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shu B, Wan J, Li X, Liu R, Xu C, An Y, Chen J. Preconditioning with Trehalose Protects the Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:118-131. [PMID: 35647904 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has emerged as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents before cell transplantation has been shown to increase the efficiency of cell therapy. In this study, trehalose (Tre), an autophagy inducer, was used as a pharmacological agent to treat BMSCs, and the neuroprotective effect of BMSCs preconditioned with Tre on cerebral ischemia was assessed. BMSCs were treated in vitro with different concentrations of Tre. Immunofluorescence staining of LC3B was performed to detect autophagy, and Western blotting for LC3, Beclin1, p-AMPK, and p-mTOR was performed. Flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis were performed to measure cell apoptosis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the secretion levels of neurotrophic factors. An in vivo ischemia/reperfusion model was generated by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Sprague Dawley rats, and Tre-preconditioned BMSCs were administered intralesionally 24 hours after ischemic injury. Histopathological examination and neurological function studies were conducted. In vitro, Tre promotes autophagy of BMSCs through the activation of the AMPK signal pathway. Tre protected BMSCs from H2O2-induced cell viability reduction and apoptosis. Moreover, Tre pretreatment increased the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor. In vivo, preconditioning with Tre could further enhance the survival of BMSCs, reduce infarct size, alleviate cell apoptosis, abate vessel decrease, and ultimately improve functional recovery. Our study indicates that Tre can enhance the survival of BMSCs under oxidative stress and enhance BMSC-based treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Raynald Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihua An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Insight in Hypoxia-Mimetic Agents as Potential Tools for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Priming in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8775591. [PMID: 35378955 PMCID: PMC8976669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8775591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-mimetic agents are new potential tools in MSC priming instead of hypoxia incubators or chambers. Several pharmaceutical/chemical hypoxia-mimetic agents can be used to induce hypoxia in the tissues: deferoxamine (DFO), dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), and isoflurane (ISO). Hypoxia-mimetic agents can increase cell proliferation, preserve or enhance differentiation potential, increase migration potential, and induce neovascularization in a concentration- and stem cell source-dependent manner. Moreover, hypoxia-mimetic agents may increase HIF-1α, changing the metabolism and enhancing glycolysis like hypoxia. So, there is clear evidence that treatment with hypoxia-mimetic agents is beneficial in regenerative medicine, preserving stem cell capacities. These agents are not studied so wildly as hypoxia but, considering the low cost and ease of use, are believed to find application as pretreatment of many diseases such as ischemic heart disease and myocardial fibrosis and promote cardiac and cartilage regeneration. The knowledge of MSC priming is critical in evaluating safety procedures and use in clinics. In this review, similarities and differences between hypoxia and hypoxia-mimetic agents in terms of their therapeutic efficiency are considered in detail. The advantages, challenges, and future perspectives in MSC priming with hypoxia mimetic agents are also discussed.
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Shatrova AN, Burova EB, Kharchenko MV, Smirnova IS, Lyublinskaya OG, Nikolsky NN, Borodkina AV. Outcomes of Deferoxamine Action on H 2O 2-Induced Growth Inhibition and Senescence Progression of Human Endometrial Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116035. [PMID: 34204881 PMCID: PMC8199751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly applied in regenerative therapy to replace cells that are lost or impaired during disease. The low survival rate of MSCs after transplantation is one of the major limitations heavily influencing the success of the therapy. Unfavorable microenvironments with inflammation and oxidative stress in the damaged regions contribute to MSCs loss. Most of the strategies developed to overcome this obstacle are aimed to prevent stress-induced apoptosis, with little attention paid to senescence—another common stress reaction of MSCs. Here, we proposed the strategy to prevent oxidative stress-induced senescence of human endometrial stem cells (hMESCs) based on deferoxamine (DFO) application. DFO prevented DNA damage and stress-induced senescence of hMESCs, as evidenced by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, cyclin D1, decreased SA-β-Gal activity, and improved mitochondrial function. Additionally, DFO caused accumulation of HIF-1α, which may contribute to the survival of H2O2-treated cells. Importantly, cells that escaped senescence due to DFO preconditioning preserved all the properties of the initial hMESCs. Therefore, once protecting cells from oxidative damage, DFO did not alter further hMESCs functioning. The data obtained may become the important prerequisite for development of a new strategy in regenerative therapy based on MSCs preconditioning using DFO.
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Extracellular vesicles isolated from mesenchymal stromal cells primed with neurotrophic factors and signaling modifiers as potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Kosyakovsky J, Fine JM, Frey WH, Hanson LR. Mechanisms of Intranasal Deferoxamine in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020095. [PMID: 33513737 PMCID: PMC7911954 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying disease-modifying therapies for neurological diseases remains one of the greatest gaps in modern medicine. Herein, we present the rationale for intranasal (IN) delivery of deferoxamine (DFO), a high-affinity iron chelator, as a treatment for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disease with a focus on its novel mechanisms. Brain iron dyshomeostasis with iron accumulation is a known feature of brain aging and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. A substantial body of preclinical evidence and early clinical data has demonstrated that IN DFO and other iron chelators have strong disease-modifying impacts in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Acting by the disease-nonspecific pathway of iron chelation, DFO targets each of these complex diseases via multifactorial mechanisms. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest further mechanisms by which IN DFO may also be beneficial in cognitive aging, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, other neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular dementia. Considering its known safety profile, targeted delivery method, robust preclinical efficacy, multiple mechanisms, and potential applicability across many neurological diseases, the case for further development of IN DFO is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kosyakovsky
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
| | - Jared M. Fine
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - William H. Frey
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
| | - Leah R. Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
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10
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Pretreatment with Roxadustat (FG-4592) Attenuates Folic Acid-Induced Kidney Injury through Antiferroptosis via Akt/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6286984. [PMID: 32051732 PMCID: PMC6995323 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6286984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid- (FA-) induced kidney injury is characterized by the tubule damage due to the disturbance of the antioxidant system and subsequent interstitial fibrosis. FG-4592 is an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an antioxidant factor. The present study investigated the protective role of FG-4592 pretreatment at the early stage of the kidney injury and long-term impact on the progression of renal fibrosis. FG-4592 was administrated two days before FA injection in mice. On the second day after FA injection, the mice with FG-4592 pretreatment showed an improved renal function, compared with those without FG-4592 pretreatment, indicated by biochemical and histological parameters; meanwhile, the cellular content of iron, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal histologically decreased, implying the suppression of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, upregulation of HIF-1α was found, along with Nrf2 activation, which was reflected by increased nuclear translocation and high-expression of downstream proteins, including heme-oxygenase1, glutathione peroxidase4, and cystine/glutamate transporter, as well as ferroportin. Correspondingly, the elevated levels of antioxidative enzymes and glutathione, as well as reduced iron accumulation, were observed, suggesting a lower risk of occurrence of ferroptosis with FG-4592 pretreatment. This was confirmed by reversed pathological parameters and improved renal function in FA-treated mice with the administration of ferrostatin-1, a specific ferroptosis inhibitor. Furthermore, a signal pathway study indicated that Nrf2 activation was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, verified by the use of an inhibitor of the PI3K that phosphorylates Akt. Moreover, FG-4592 pretreatment also decreased macrophage infiltration and expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. On the 14th day after FA injection, FG-4592 pretreatment decreased collagen deposition and expression of fibrosis biomarkers. These findings suggest that the protective role of FG-4592 pretreatment is achieved mainly by decreasing ferroptosis at the early stage of FA-induced kidney injury via Akt/GSK-3β-mediated Nrf2 activation, which retards the fibrosis progression.
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Matsunaga K, Fujisawa K, Takami T, Burganova G, Sasai N, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Sakaida I. NUPR1 acts as a pro-survival factor in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and is induced by the hypoxia mimetic reagent deferoxamine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:209-216. [PMID: 31138954 PMCID: PMC6529697 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the culturing conditions of mesenchymal stem cells used in regenerative medicine may affect their differentiation ability, genome instability, and therapeutic effects. In particular, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under hypoxia are known to proliferate while maintaining an undifferentiated state and the use of deferoxamine, a hypoxia mimetic reagent, has proven to be a suitable strategy to maintain the cells under hypoxic metabolic state. Here, the deferoxamine effects were investigated in mesenchymal stem cells to gain insights into the mechanisms regulating stem cell survival. A 12-h deferoxamine treatment reduced proliferation, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial activity, and ATP production. Microarray analysis revealed that deferoxamine enhanced the transcription of genes involved in glycolysis and the HIF1α pathway. Among the earliest changes, transcriptional variations were observed in HIF1α, NUPR1, and EGLN, in line with previous reports showing that short deferoxamine treatments induce substantial changes in mesenchymal stem cells glycolysis pathway. NUPR1, which is induced by stress and involved in autophagy-mediated survival, was upregulated by deferoxamine in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, NUPR1 knockdown was found to reduce cell proliferation and increase the proapoptotic effect of staurosporine, suggesting that deferoxamine-induced NUPR1 promotes mesenchymal stem cell survival and cytoprotective autophagy. Our findings may substantially contribute to improve the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Matsunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Guzel Burganova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nanami Sasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Nouri F, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Sharifi AM. Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Non-Toxic Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Against Oxidative Stress Induced Cell Death: The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:76-83. [PMID: 31011561 PMCID: PMC6468218 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of preconditioning with non-toxic dose of hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) as a possible cell signaling molecule, against cell death induced by toxic
concentration of H2O2 or by serum deprivation in human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal
stem cells (HWJ-MSCs) and underlying mechanisms.
Methods: HWJ-MSCs were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. After finding non-toxic
concentration of H2O2, cells preconditioning was performed by H2O2 (20 μM) for 12 h and cell
tolerance against serum deprivation or toxic levels of H2O2 was assayed by MTT test. Effect of
preconditioning on mRNA and protein expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax were examined using
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting respectively. Role
of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was explored in presence HIF-1α inhibitor.
Results: Preconditioning with 20 μM H2O2 for 12 h was non-toxic and decreased cell death
induced by oxidative stress and serum deprivation in MSC cultures. However, the increased
tolerance reversed in the presence of inhibitor of HIF-1α. By regards to RT-PCR and western
blotting data, although expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax was not change considerably but
phosphorylated Akt-1 (pAkt-1) was up regulated after treatment with 20 μM H2O2 compared to
control group. Moreover after exposure to 100 μM H2O2, western blotting analysis showed that
cell pretreatment with 20 μM H2O2, decremented Bax/Bcl2 ratio and up-regulated HIF-1α and
pAkt-1 compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Increased tolerance of H2O2-pretreated cells led to the suggestion that transplantation
of H2O2 preconditioned MSCs may improve therapeutic potential of stem cells in cell therapy
procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nouri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Janjić K, Bauer P, Edelmayer M, Cvikl B, Schädl B, Moritz A, Agis H. Angiogenin production in response to hypoxia and l-mimosine in periodontal fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2019; 90:674-681. [PMID: 30549272 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major mediator of angiogenesis is angiogenin, which is expressed in the early phase of healing in oral tissue engineering strategies. It is unclear how angiogenin is regulated in the periodontal tissue. The objective of this study was to reveal the regulation of angiogenin in response to hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent l-mimosine in periodontal fibroblasts. METHODS Human fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (PDLF) and the gingiva (GF) in monolayer and spheroid cultures were exposed to hypoxia or l-mimosine. The production of angiogenin was evaluated at mRNA and protein levels with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Echinomycin, an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 activity, was used to test the involvement of HIF-1. RESULTS Our data show that hypoxia and l-mimosine can increase angiogenin mRNA and protein levels in PDLF monolayer cultures. In GF monolayer cultures, we found an increase of angiogenin at the mRNA level in response to hypoxia. The increase of angiogenin can be blocked by inhibition of HIF-1 signaling via echinomycin. In PDLF and GF spheroid cultures, the impact of hypoxia and l-mimosine did not reach the level of significance. CONCLUSION Hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent l-mimosine can increase the production of angiogenin via HIF-1 signaling in PDLF monolayer cultures but not in spheroid cultures. GF were less sensitive to the impact of hypoxia and l-mimosine. Overall, these results suggest a link between hypoxia, HIF-1 signaling and angiogenin in the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Zhu SZ, Szeto V, Bao MH, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Pharmacological approaches promoting stem cell-based therapy following ischemic stroke insults. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:695-712. [PMID: 29671416 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke can lead to long-term neurological deficits. Adult neurogenesis, the continuous generation of newborn neurons in distinct regions of the brain throughout life, has been considered as one of the appoaches to restore the neurological function following ischemic stroke. However, ischemia-induced spontaneous neurogenesis is not suffcient, thus cell-based therapy, including infusing exogenous stem cells or stimulating endogenous stem cells to help repair of injured brain, has been studied in numerous animal experiments and some pilot clinical trials. While the effects of cell-based therapy on neurological function during recovery remains unproven in randomized controlled trials, pharmacological agents have been administrated to assist the cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarized the limitations of ischemia-induced neurogenesis and stem-cell transplantation, as well as the potential proneuroregenerative effects of drugs that may enhance efficacy of cell-based therapies. Specifically, we discussed drugs that enhance proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival and function connectivity of newborn neurons, which may restore neurobehavioral function and improve outcomes in stroke patients.
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15
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Fujisawa K, Takami T, Okada S, Hara K, Matsumoto T, Yamamoto N, Yamasaki T, Sakaida I. Analysis of Metabolomic Changes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Treatment with Desferrioxamine as a Hypoxia Mimetic Compared with Hypoxic Conditions. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1226-1236. [PMID: 29577517 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used in regenerative medicine, but their therapeutic effects vary depending on the culture environment. Hypoxic culturing can be used to maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated state, but is expensive and difficult to perform. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of desferrioxamine (DFO), a hypoxia-mimetic reagent, as an alternative to hypoxic culturing by analyzing metabolic changes in MSCs under hypoxic conditions compared with changes induced by DFO. Low concentrations of DFO reduced mitochondrial activity and apoptosis. Therefore, low concentrations of DFO may be useful for MSC preconditioning. Metabolome analysis showed that both hypoxic treatment and DFO administration exhibited similar metabolite patterns except purine, pyrimidine, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle related metabolites. Therefore, the use of DFO at low concentrations is a potential substitute for hypoxic culturing. These findings may form the foundation for the development of future regenerative therapies using MSCs. Stem Cells 2018;36:1226-1236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Sae Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazusa Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Department of Laboratory Science, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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16
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Facchin F, Bianconi E, Romano M, Impellizzeri A, Alviano F, Maioli M, Canaider S, Ventura C. Comparison of Oxidative Stress Effects on Senescence Patterning of Human Adult and Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Short and Long-term Cultures. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1486-1501. [PMID: 30443170 PMCID: PMC6216057 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) undergo senescence in lifespan. In most clinical trials, hMSCs experience long-term expansion ex vivo to increase cell number prior to transplantation, which unfortunately leads to cell senescence, hampering post-transplant outcomes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro represents a rapid, time and cost-effective tool, commonly used as oxidative stress tantalizing the stem cell ability to cope with a hostile environment, recapitulating the onset and progression of cellular senescence. Here, H2O2 at different concentrations (ranging from 50 to 400 μM) and time exposures (1 or 2 hours - h), was used for the first time to compare the behavior of human Adipose tissue-derived Stem Cells (hASCs) and human Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs (hWJ-MSCs), as representative of adult and perinatal tissue-derived stem cells, respectively. We showed timely different responses of hASCs and hWJ-MSCs at low and high subculture passages, concerning the cell proliferation, the cell senescence-associated β-Galactosidase activity, the capability of these cells to undergo passages, the morphological changes and the gene expression of tumor protein p53 (TP53, alias p53) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, alias p21) post H2O2 treatments. The comparison between the hASC and hWJ-MSC response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 is a useful tool to assess the biological mechanisms at the basis of hMSC senescence, but it could also provide two models amenable to test in vitro putative anti-senescence modulators and develop anti-senescence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Facchin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) - Eldor Lab, at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Bianconi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) - Eldor Lab, at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Impellizzeri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) - Eldor Lab, at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) - Eldor Lab, at the Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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17
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Baldari S, Di Rocco G, Piccoli M, Pozzobon M, Muraca M, Toietta G. Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2087. [PMID: 28974046 PMCID: PMC5666769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have the potential to revolutionize current treatments for diseases with high prevalence and related economic and social burden. Unfortunately, clinical trials have made only modest improvements in restoring normal function to degenerating tissues. This limitation is due, at least in part, to the death of transplanted cells within a few hours after transplant due to a combination of mechanical, cellular, and host factors. In particular, mechanical stress during implantation, extracellular matrix loss upon delivery, nutrient and oxygen deprivation at the recipient site, and host inflammatory response are detrimental factors limiting long-term transplanted cell survival. The beneficial effect of cell therapy for regenerative medicine ultimately depends on the number of administered cells reaching the target tissue, their viability, and their promotion of tissue regeneration. Therefore, strategies aiming at improving viable cell engraftment are crucial for regenerative medicine. Here we review the major factors that hamper successful cell engraftment and the strategies that have been studied to enhance the beneficial effects of cell therapy. Moreover, we provide a perspective on whether mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle delivery, as a cell-free regenerative approach, may circumvent current cell therapy limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baldari
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Di Rocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Foundation Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza", corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy.
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18
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Janjić K, Edelmayer M, Moritz A, Agis H. L-mimosine and hypoxia can increase angiogenin production in dental pulp-derived cells. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:87. [PMID: 28545523 PMCID: PMC5445368 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenin is a key molecule in the healing process which has been successfully applied in the field of regenerative medicine. The role of angiogenin in dental pulp regeneration is unclear. Here we aimed to reveal the impact of the hypoxia mimetic agent L-mimosine (L-MIM) and hypoxia on angiogenin in the dental pulp. Methods Human dental pulp-derived cells (DPC) were cultured in monolayer and spheroid cultures and treated with L-MIM or hypoxia. In addition, tooth slice organ cultures were applied to mimic the pulp-dentin complex. We measured angiogenin mRNA and protein levels using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Inhibitor studies with echinomycin were performed to reveal the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling. Results Both, L-MIM and hypoxia increased the production of angiogenin at the protein level in monolayer cultures of DPC, while the increase at the mRNA level did not reach the level of significance. The increase of angiogenin in response to treatment with L-MIM or hypoxia was reduced by echinomycin. In spheroid cultures, L-MIM increased angiogenin at protein levels while the effect of hypoxia was not significant. Angiogenin was also expressed and released in tooth slice organ cultures under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in the presence of L-MIM. Conclusions L-MIM and hypoxia modulate production of angiogenin via HIF-1 differentially and the response depends on the culture model. Given the role of angiogenin in regeneration the here presented results are of high relevance for pre-conditioning approaches for cell therapy and tissue engineering in the field of regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Oses C, Olivares B, Ezquer M, Acosta C, Bosch P, Donoso M, Léniz P, Ezquer F. Preconditioning of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells with deferoxamine increases the production of pro-angiogenic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors: Potential application in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178011. [PMID: 28542352 PMCID: PMC5438173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most frequent and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. Evidence from diabetic animal models and diabetic patients suggests that reduced availability of neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic factors in the nerves in combination with a chronic pro-inflammatory microenvironment and high level of oxidative stress, contribute to the pathogenesis of DN. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest as therapeutic agents for regenerative purposes, since they can secrete a broad range of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory factors. Therefore, the use of the MSC secretome may represent a promising approach for DN treatment. Recent data indicate that the paracrine potential of MSCs could be boosted by preconditioning these cells with an environmental or pharmacological stimulus, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, we observed that the preconditioning of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) with 150μM or 400μM of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFX) for 48 hours, increased the abundance of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in a concentration dependent manner, without affecting MSC morphology and survival. Activation of HIF-1α led to the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor alpha and angiopoietin 1. Furthermore this preconditioning increased the expression of potent neuroprotective factors, including nerve growth factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, and cytokines with anti-inflammatory activity like IL4 and IL5. Additionally, we observed that these molecules, which could also be used as therapeutics, were also increased in the secretome of MSCs preconditioned with DFX compared to the secretome obtained from non-preconditioned cells. Moreover, DFX preconditioning significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity of the MSC secretome and they showed neuroprotective effects when evaluated in an in vitro model of DN. Altogether, our findings suggest that DFX preconditioning of AD-MSCs improves their therapeutic potential and should be considered as a potential strategy for the generation of new alternatives for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oses
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Acosta
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Paul Bosch
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Plaza, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Donoso
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Plaza, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Léniz
- Unidad de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética, Clínica Alemana. Av. Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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