1
|
Mendes CG, de Paula JJ, Miranda DM. Effects of Background Music on Attentional Networks of Children With and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Control Experimental Study. Interact J Med Res 2024; 13:e53869. [PMID: 39024557 PMCID: PMC11294770 DOI: 10.2196/53869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To sustain performance during a task that requires attention may be a challenge for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which strongly influences motivation for tasks and has been connected to the level of arousal. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of musical stimulus on attentional performance in children with ADHD and typically developing children. METHODS A total of 76 boys (34 with ADHD and 42 typically developing) performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) for children under 2 experimental conditions (with and without music). Four attentional measures were extracted from the ANT. We tested the effect of the experimental condition and its interaction with the group using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS We found no significant main effects or interactions for the reaction times of the alerting, orienting, and conflict attentional networks of the ANT (all P>.05). Regarding ANT errors, we found a significant main effect for music, with a moderate effect size (F1,72=9.83; P=.03; ηp2=0.06) but the condition×group interaction was not significant (F1,72=1.79; P=.18). Participants made fewer errors when listening to music compared to the control condition. CONCLUSIONS Music seems not to interfere in the attentional network in children and adolescents. Perhaps background music affects motivation. Future studies will be needed to validate this. TRIAL REGISTRATION ReBEC.gov U1111-12589039; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8s22sh8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Jardim de Paula
- Department of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dakwar-Kawar O, Mentch-Lifshits T, Hochman S, Mairon N, Cohen R, Balasubramani P, Mishra J, Jordan J, Cohen Kadosh R, Berger I, Nahum M. Aperiodic and periodic components of oscillatory brain activity in relation to cognition and symptoms in pediatric ADHD. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae236. [PMID: 38858839 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder show deficits in processing speed, as well as aberrant neural oscillations, including both periodic (oscillatory) and aperiodic (1/f-like) activity, reflecting the pattern of power across frequencies. Both components were suggested as underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive dysfunctions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Here, we examined differences in processing speed and resting-state-Electroencephalogram neural oscillations and their associations between 6- and 12-year-old children with (n = 33) and without (n = 33) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Spectral analyses of the resting-state EEG signal using fast Fourier transform revealed increased power in fronto-central theta and beta oscillations for the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group, but no differences in the theta/beta ratio. Using the parameterization method, we found a higher aperiodic exponent, which has been suggested to reflect lower neuronal excitation-inhibition, in the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group. While fast Fourier transform-based theta power correlated with clinical symptoms for the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder group only, the aperiodic exponent was negatively correlated with processing speed across the entire sample. Finally, the aperiodic exponent was correlated with fast Fourier transform-based beta power. These results highlight the different and complementary contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the neural spectrum as metrics for evaluation of processing speed in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Future studies should further clarify the roles of periodic and aperiodic components in additional cognitive functions and in relation to clinical status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Dakwar-Kawar
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9124001, Israel
| | - Tal Mentch-Lifshits
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9124001, Israel
| | - Shachar Hochman
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7YH
| | - Noam Mairon
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9124001, Israel
| | - Reut Cohen
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9124001, Israel
| | - Pragathi Balasubramani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Josh Jordan
- Department of Psychology, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7YH
| | - Itai Berger
- Pediatric Neurology, Assuta-Ashdod University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Shevablvd 1, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel
- School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9124001, Israel
| | - Mor Nahum
- School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, 9124001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Avisar A. Is the deficit in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder a concentration deficit? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023; 12:344-352. [PMID: 35998286 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is comprised of two behavioral clusters of symptoms, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Numerous studies have attempted to address the underlying neuropsychological mechanism of ADHD. However, there is still no uniform mechanism that can fully explain both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. This review describes the research findings that have shifted the focus from cognitive selective attention to executive function deficits and notes that the prominence of the attention deficit remains unclear. As ADHD is not consistently explained by cognitive selective attention but rather with cognitive sustained attention/vigilance and executive function deficits, this review suggests that concentration deficit is likely the cause of inattention symptoms. Indeed, considering concentration deficit as the cause of inattention symptoms may better describe the underlying difficulties of maintaining and controlling attention in ADHD. In addition, as concentration, impulsivity, and hyperactivity may share a common cognitive deficit, this shift in focus may help in identifying a single mechanism for all ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Avisar
- Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tinello D, Tarvainen M, Zuber S, Kliegel M. Enhancing Inhibitory Control in Older Adults: A Biofeedback Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020335. [PMID: 36831878 PMCID: PMC9954520 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidomain interventions based on bio-/neurofeedback have proven useful in improving executive functions. The present study aimed to explore the potential efficacy and feasibility of an intervention that combined Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-BF) and Near Infrared Hemoencephalography Neurofeedback (nirHEG-NF) on inhibitory control (IC) of healthy older adults. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the biofeedback group (received a 10-week combined intervention of HRV-BF and nirHEG-NF) and the active control group (received a similar protocol without real-time biofeedback). Besides cognitive outcomes, the study examined pre- and post-changes in autonomic regulation and prefrontal blood oxygenation at rest and during training. Results revealed training-induced inhibitory control gains in one of the two interference tasks, whereas no effect was found on response inhibition. After the intervention, HRV increased in participants with the lowest levels of HRV at baseline. Although older adults increased blood oxygenation during training, no significant pre- and post-changes were found in blood flow oxygenation. These findings not only suggest that HRV-BF and nirHEG-NF potentially improve performance in certain subcomponents of inhibition (i.e., interference vs. response inhibition), but it may also be beneficial for parasympathetic activity in participants with low HRV and for increasing blood flow oxygenation on prefrontal areas during training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Tinello
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-937-93796
| | - Mika Tarvainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sascha Zuber
- LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sújar A, Martín-Moratinos M, Rodrigo-Yanguas M, Bella-Fernández M, González-Tardón C, Delgado-Gómez D, Blasco-Fontecilla H. Developing Serious Video Games to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Tutorial Guide. JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e33884. [PMID: 35916694 PMCID: PMC9379781 DOI: 10.2196/33884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Video game–based therapeutic interventions have demonstrated some effectiveness in decreasing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Compared with more traditional strategies within the multimodal treatment of ADHD, video games have certain advantages such as being comfortable, flexible, and cost-efficient. However, establishing the most appropriate type(s) of video games that should be used for this treatment remains a matter of debate, including the commercial existing video games or serious video games that are specifically constructed to target specific disorders. This guide represents a starting point for developing serious video games aimed at treating ADHD. We summarize the key points that need to be addressed to generate an effective and motivating game-based treatment. Following recommendations from the literature to create game-based treatments, we describe the development stages of a serious video game for treating ADHD. Game design should consider the interests of future users; game mechanics should be based on cognitive exercises; and therapeutic mechanisms must include the control of difficulty, engagement, motivation, time constraints, and reinforcement. To elaborate upon this guide, we performed a narrative review focused on the use of video games for the treatment of ADHD, and were inspired by our own experience during the development of the game “The Secret Trail of Moon.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Sújar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Moratinos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodrigo-Yanguas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Bella-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ITA Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of hemoencephalographic biofeedback with virtual reality on selected aspects of attention in children with ADHD. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 170:59-66. [PMID: 34653532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a reduction of inattention by biofeedback has been shown in several studies. As evidenced by previous reports, biofeedback (BFB) with virtual reality (VR) allows for controlling distractors, providing an environment that captures participants' attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hemoencephalographic (HEG) BFB with VR in treating deficits in vigilance (assessed using the short form of the Mackworth Clock Task), visual search (the Visual Search Task), and divided attention (Multitasking Test) among children with ADHD. Data subjected to analysis were collected from 87 participants aged 9-15 years. Children were assigned to one of three groups (standard 2D BFB in the lab, VR BFB with a limited visual scene, VR BFB with a complex visual scene) and were subjected to ten HEG BFB sessions. Children in the VR BFB groups exhibited a bigger regional cerebral blood oxygenation slope during BFB and better performance in cognitive tests following the experiment compared to children in the 2D BFB group. The data obtained suggest that HEG BFB with VR may have a more beneficial effect in treating attention deficits compared to standard 2D HEG BFB. We believe that the strong effects of HEG BFB with VR stem from the increased commitment and motivation in individuals, rather than from manipulation with regard to visual scene complexity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahufinger S, Herrero-Martín P. Alien Attack: A Non-Pharmaceutical Complement for ADHD Treatment. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23101321. [PMID: 34682045 PMCID: PMC8535017 DOI: 10.3390/e23101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mental health issues are among the most common health issues nowadays, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) being the most common neurobehavioral disorder affecting children and adolescents. ADHD is a heterogeneous disease affecting patients in various cognitive domains that play a key role in daily life, academic development, and social abilities. Furthermore, ADHD affects not only patients but also their families and their whole environment. Although the main treatment is based on pharmacotherapy, combined therapies including cognitive training and psychological therapy are often recommended. In this paper, we propose a user-centered application called Alien Attack for cognitive training of children with ADHD, based on working memory, inhibitory control, and reaction-time tasks, to be used as a non-pharmacological complement for ADHD treatment in order to potentiate the patients’ executive functions (EFs) and promote some beneficial effects of therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Skalski S. Impact of placebo-related instruction on HEG biofeedback outcomes in children with ADHD. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 11:383-390. [PMID: 33349043 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1861546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies to date have not revealed any differences between biofeedback (BFB) methods vs. placebo treatment in reducing ADHD symptoms. The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to assess the impact of placebo expectations on gain in hemoencephalographic (HEG) BFB. The final cohort consisted of 33 children with ADHD aged 9-14. Individuals were assigned to one of two groups (with standard active training instruction vs. placebo-related instruction) and were subjected to five HEG BFB sessions. Children with standard instruction exhibited higher growth of regional cerebral blood oxygenation during the HEG BFB session as well as better results in cognitive tests (vigilance and visual search) at the end of the experiment compared to children with placebo-related instruction. The data obtained indicate the difficulty in designing studies assessing BFB efficacy. Placebo expectation may adversely affect HEG BFB outcomes in children with ADHD.
Collapse
|