1
|
van Golen KL. Inflammatory breast cancer biomarkers and biology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 384:63-76. [PMID: 38637100 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a unique breast cancer with a highly virulent course and low 5- and 10-year survival rates. Even though it only accounts for 1-5% of breast cancers it is estimated to account for 10% of breast cancer deaths annually in the United States. The accuracy of diagnosis and classification of this unique cancer is a major concern within the medical community. Early molecular and biological studies incidentally included IBC samples with other conventional breast cancers and were not informative as to the unique nature of the disease. Subsequent molecular studies that focused specifically on IBC demonstrated that IBC has a unique biology different from other forms of breast cancer. Additionally, a handful of unique signature genes that are hallmarks of IBC have also been suggested. Further understanding of IBC biology can help with diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The current article reviews the history and highlights of IBC studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L van Golen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, Newark, DE, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hazra A, O’Hara A, Polyak K, Nakhlis F, Harrison BT, Giordano A, Overmoyer B, Lynce F. Copy Number Variation in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071086. [PMID: 37048158 PMCID: PMC10093603 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of a unique genomic biomarker in de novo inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) may provide an insight into the biology of this aggressive disease. The goal of our study was to elucidate biomarkers associated with IBC. We examined breast biopsies collected from Dana–Farber Cancer Institute patients with IBC prior to initiating preoperative systemic treatment (30 samples were examined, of which 14 were eligible). Patients without available biopsies (n = 1), with insufficient tumor epithelial cells (n = 10), or insufficient DNA yield (n = 5) were excluded from the analysis. Molecular subtype and tumor grade were abstracted from a medical records’ review. Ten IBC tumors were estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (n = 10 out of 14). Sufficient RNA and DNA were simultaneously extracted from 14 biopsy specimens using the Qiagen AllPrep Kit. RNA was amplified using the Sensation kit and profiled using the Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. DNA was profiled for genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) using the Affymetrix OncoScan Array and analyzed using the Nexus Chromosome Analysis Suite. Among the 14 eligible samples, we first confirmed biological concordance and quality control metrics using replicates and gene expression data. Second, we examined CNVs and gene expression change by IBC subtype. We identified significant CNVs in IBC patients after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Next, to assess whether the CNVs were unique to IBC, we compared the IBC CNV data to fresh-frozen non-IBC CNV data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 388). On chromosome 7p11.2, we identified significant CN gain located at position 58,019,983-58,025,423 in 8 ER+ IBC samples compared to 338 non-IBC ER+ samples (region length: 5440 bp gain and 69,039 bp, False Discovery Rate (FDR) p-value = 3.12 × 10−10) and at position 57,950,944–58,025,423 in 3 TN-IBC samples compared to 50 non-IBC TN samples (74,479 base pair, gain, FDR p-value = 4.27 × 10−5; near the EGFR gene). We also observed significant CN loss on chromosome 21, located at position 9,648,315–9,764,385 (p-value = 4.27 × 10−5). Secondarily, differential gene expression in IBC patients with 7p11.2 CN gain compared to SUM149 were explored after FDR correction for multiple testing (p-value = 0.0016), but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Finally, the data presented are hypothesis-generating. Validation of CNVs that contribute to the unique presentation and biological features associated with IBC in larger datasets may lead to the optimization of treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Hazra
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kornelia Polyak
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Faina Nakhlis
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth T. Harrison
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Overmoyer
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zare A, Petrova A, Agoumi M, Amstrong H, Bigras G, Tonkin K, Wine E, Baksh S. RIPK2: New Elements in Modulating Inflammatory Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060184. [PMID: 29874851 PMCID: PMC6025367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that is associated with significantly high mortality. In spite of advances in IBC diagnoses, the prognosis is still poor compared to non-IBC. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, we hypothesize that elevated levels of inflammatory mediators may drive tumorigenesis and metastasis in IBC patients. Utilizing IBC cell models and patient tumor samples, we can detect elevated NF-κB activity and hyperactivation of non-canonical drivers of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappaB)-directed inflammation such as tyrosine phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (pY RIPK2), when compared to non-IBC cells or patients. Interestingly, elevated RIPK2 activity levels were present in a majority of pre-chemotherapy samples from IBC patients at the time of diagnosis to suggest that patients at diagnosis had molecular activation of NF-κB via RIPK2, a phenomenon we define as “molecular inflammation”. Surprisingly, chemotherapy did cause a significant increase in RIPK2 activity and thus molecular inflammation suggesting that chemotherapy does not resolve the molecular activation of NF-κB via RIPK2. This would impact on the metastatic potential of IBC cells. Indeed, we can demonstrate that RIPK2 activity correlated with advanced tumor, metastasis, and group stage as well as body mass index (BMI) to indicate that RIPK2 might be a useful prognostic marker for IBC and advanced stage breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Zare
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Alexandra Petrova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Mehdi Agoumi
- Anatomic Pathologist at DynalifeDx, Diagnostic Laboratory Services; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Heather Amstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Gilbert Bigras
- Cross Cancer Institute Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Katia Tonkin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada.
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 4-081 11405 87 Avenue NW Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Joglekar-Javadekar M, Van Laere S, Bourne M, Moalwi M, Finetti P, Vermeulen PB, Birnbaum D, Dirix LY, Ueno N, Carter M, Rains J, Ramachandran A, Bertucci F, van Golen KL. Characterization and Targeting of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor alpha (PDGFRA) in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC). Neoplasia 2017; 19:564-573. [PMID: 28609680 PMCID: PMC5470553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is arguably the deadliest form of breast cancer due to its rapid onset and highly invasive nature. IBC carries 5- and 10-year disease-free survival rates of ~45% and <20%, respectively. Multiple studies demonstrate that in comparison with conventional breast cancer, IBC has a unique molecular identity. Here, we have identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) as being uniquely expressed and active in IBC patient tumor cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Here we focus on characterizing and targeting PDGFRA in IBC. Using gene expression, we analyzed IBC patient samples and compared them with non-IBC patient samples. Further, using IBC cells in culture, we determined the effect of small molecules inhibitors in both in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS: In IBC patients, we show more frequent PDGFRA activation signature than non-IBC samples. In addition, the PDGFRA activation signature is associated with shorter metastasis-free survival in both uni- and multivariate analyses. We also demonstrate that IBC cells express active PDGFRA. Finally, we show that PDGFRA targeting by crenolanib (CP-868-596), but not imatinib (STI571), two small molecule inhibitors, interferes with IBC cell growth and emboli formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that PDGFRA may be a promising target for therapy in IBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Joglekar-Javadekar
- The Laboratory for Cytoskeletal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Bourne
- The Laboratory for Cytoskeletal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Manal Moalwi
- The Laboratory for Cytoskeletal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Luc Y Dirix
- Center for Oncological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Francois Bertucci
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Kenneth L van Golen
- The Laboratory for Cytoskeletal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE; The Center for Translational Cancer Research, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE; The Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, DE.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sas L, Vermeulen PB, van Dam P, Dirix LY, Lardon F, Van Laere SJ. Contribution of ER and NF-κB to endocrine resistance in inflammatory breast cancer. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a very aggressive form of breast cancer with a high mortality rate. Most patients have lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis and 30% of patients already have metastases in distant organs. IBC is normally treated with multimodality therapy. Endocrine therapy is administered in cases of ER-positive tumors. Nevertheless, IBC has a high HOXB13:Il17RB ratio, predicting a poor response to tamoxifen treatment. These data suggest a possible role for IBC as a model for endocrine resistance. Previous studies have shown that NF-κB, a transcription factor regulating different cellular processes, is more highly activated in IBC than in non-IBC, while ER is often downregulated in this tumor type. This article summarizes the activity of ER and NF-κB in IBC and their possible contribution to endocrine resistance in this breast cancer subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leen Sas
- Department of Oncology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathology GZA, Hospitals Sint Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathology GZA, Hospitals Sint Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter van Dam
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathology GZA, Hospitals Sint Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Y Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathology GZA, Hospitals Sint Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Department of Oncology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven J Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit Antwerp, Laboratory of Pathology GZA, Hospitals Sint Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Gyneacological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lehman HL, Van Laere SJ, van Golen CM, Vermeulen PB, Dirix LY, van Golen KL. Regulation of inflammatory breast cancer cell invasion through Akt1/PKBα phosphorylation of RhoC GTPase. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1306-18. [PMID: 22896661 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With a 42% and 18% 5- and 10-year respective disease-free survival rate, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is arguably the deadliest form of breast cancer. IBC invades the dermal lymphatic vessels of the skin overlying the breast and as a consequence nearly all women have lymph node involvement and ~1/3 have gross distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. One year after diagnosis ~90% of patients have detectable metastases, making IBC a paradigm for lymphovascular invasion. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the IBC metastatic phenotype is essential for new therapies. Work from our laboratory and others show distinct molecular differences between IBC and non-IBCs (nIBCs). Previously we showed that RhoC GTPase is a metastatic switch responsible for the invasive phenotype of IBC. In this study we integrate observations made in IBC patients with in vitro analysis. We show that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is crucial in IBC invasion. Key molecules involved in cytoskeletal control and cell motility are specifically upregulated in IBC patients compared with stage and cell-type-of-origin matched nIBCs patients. Distinctively, RhoC GTPase is a substrate for Akt1 and its phosphorylation is absolutely essential for IBC cell invasion. Further our data show that Akt3, not Akt1 has a role in IBC cell survival. Together our data show a unique and targetable pathway for IBC invasion and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Lehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hillyer RL, Sirinvasin P, Joglekar M, Sikes RA, van Golen KL, Nohe A. Differential effects of vitamin D treatment on inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer cell lines. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:971-9. [PMID: 22610818 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a known regulator of breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and differentiation in vitro. Recent studies have suggested a preventative role for vitamin D in breast cancer development and suggested a possible therapeutic application of vitamin D for patients with various forms of breast cancer. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive and phenotypically unique form of breast cancer that has a very poor prognosis. IBC invades the dermal lymphatics of the breast as tumor emboli early in the course of the disease. Because of the invasive nature of IBC, novel therapeutics are needed desperately. In the current study we examined the effect of the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, treatment on the aggressive IBC phenotype. Herein we demonstrate that although the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in both IBC and non-IBC cell lines, the effect of vitamin D treatment is significant only on the IBC cells. SUM149 IBC cells showed increased protein concentration in response to 24 h of calcitriol exposure; likely mediated by an increase in protein synthesis as opposed to increased cellular proliferation. In addition, treatment with 100 nM calcitriol showed a significant decrease in SUM149 migration (67.8 % decrease, P = 0.030), invasion (43.9 % decrease, P = 0.015), and tumor spheroid size (69.4 % decrease, P = 0.018) compared to nontreated control groups. Finally, calcitriol treatment of SUM149 cells led to significantly fewer IBC experimental metastases as compared to control. Our study demonstrates that calcitriol treatment of SUM149 affected several of the processes important for IBC metastasis but had little effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, calcitriol treatment may have the potential to decrease the rate and incidence of metastasis in IBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Hillyer
- The Department of Biological Science, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alexander S, Friedl P. Cancer invasion and resistance: interconnected processes of disease progression and therapy failure. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:13-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Friedl P, Gilmour D. Collective cell migration in morphogenesis, regeneration and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2009; 10:445-57. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1832] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
10
|
Marneros AG, Blanco F, Husain S, Silvers DN, Grossman ME. Classification of cutaneous intravascular breast cancer metastases based on immunolabeling for blood and lymph vessels. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60:633-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Chen JH, Mehta RS, Nalcioglu O, Su MY. Inflammatory breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: can magnetic resonance imaging precisely diagnose the final pathological response? Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:3609-13. [PMID: 18807091 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Koehler MJ, Elsner P, Ziemer M. Unilateral thoracic erythema with induration. Am J Clin Dermatol 2007; 9:67-9. [PMID: 18092847 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200809010-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Koehler
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is the major structural protein in caveolae; small Omega-shaped invaginations within the plasma membrane. Caveolae are involved in signal transduction, wherein caveolin-1 acts as a scaffold to organise multiple molecular complexes regulating a variety of cellular events. Caveolin-1 has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic activities. However, recent evidence suggests a role for caveolin-1 in promoting cancer cell migration and metastasis with both loss and overexpression of caveolin-1 being described as a marker for progression in a variety of tumour types. Further studies are beginning to determine the molecular mechanisms by which caveolin-1 acts in promoting a metastatic phenotype. Targeting caveolin-1 expression may present a novel means of preventing metastasis. The purpose of this review is twofold: firstly, to survey the current knowledge of the contribution of caveolin-1 in promoting a metastasis, and secondly, to explore the viability of targeting caveolin-1 with novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L van Golen
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0575-0548, USA.
| |
Collapse
|