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Gayan S, Teli A, Sonawane A, Dey T. Impact of Chemotherapeutic Stress Depends on The Nature of Breast Cancer Spheroid and Induce Behavioral Plasticity to Resistant Population. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300271. [PMID: 38063815 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cellular or tumor dormancy, identified recently as one of the main reasons behind post-therapy recurrence, can be caused by diverse reasons. Chemotherapy has recently been recognized as one of such reasons. However, in-depth studies of chemotherapy-induced dormancy are lacking due to the absence of an in vitro human-relevant model tailor-made for such a scenario. This report utilized multicellular breast cancer spheroid to create a primary platform for establishing a chemotherapy-induced dormancy model. It is observed that extreme chemotherapeutic stress affects invasive and non-invasive spheroids differently. Non-invasive spheroids exhibit more resilience and maintain viability and migrational ability, while invasive spheroids display heightened susceptibility and improved tumorigenic capacity. Heterogenous spheroids exhibit increased tumorigenic capacity while show minimal survival ability. Further probing of chemotherapeutically dormant spheroids is needed to understand the molecular mechanism and identify dormancy-related markers to achieve therapeutic success in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Gayan
- Department of Biotechnology (merged with Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Abhishek Teli
- Department of Biotechnology (merged with Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Akshay Sonawane
- Department of Biotechnology (merged with Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Tuli Dey
- Department of Biotechnology (merged with Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
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2
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Russo M, Panini N, Fabbrizio P, Formenti L, Becchetti R, Matteo C, Meroni M, Nastasi C, Cappelleri A, Frapolli R, Nardo G, Scanziani E, Ponzetta A, Bani MR, Ghilardi C, Giavazzi R. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia elicits metastasis formation in mice by promoting proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2239035. [PMID: 37538353 PMCID: PMC10395252 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2239035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the standard of care for most malignancies. Its tumor debulking effect in adjuvant or neoadjuvant settings is unquestionable, although secondary effects have been reported that paradoxically promote metastasis. Chemotherapy affects the hematopoietic precursors leading to myelosuppression, with neutropenia being the main hematological toxicity induced by cytotoxic therapy. We used renal and lung murine tumor models metastatic to the lung to study chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) in the metastatic process. Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, two myelosuppressive drugs, but not cisplatin, increased the burden of artificial metastases to the lung, by reducing neutrophils. This effect was recapitulated by treatment with anti-Ly6G, the selective antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion that unleashed the formation of lung metastases in both artificial and spontaneous metastasis settings. The increased cancer dissemination was reversed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-mediated boosting of neutrophils in combination with chemotherapy. CIN affected the early metastatic colonization of the lung, quite likely promoting the proliferation of tumor cells extravasated into the lung at 24-72 hours. CIN did not affect the late events of the metastatic process, with established metastasis to the lung, nor was there any effect on the release of cancer cells from the primary, whose growth was, in fact, somewhat inhibited. This work suggests a role of neutrophils associated to a common cancer treatment side effect and claims a deep dive into the relationship between chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Russo
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbrizio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Formenti
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Becchetti
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Matteo
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Meroni
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Laboratory of Anticancer Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Ghilardi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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3
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Ring A, Spataro M, Wicki A, Aceto N. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Disseminated Tumor Cells and Dormancy in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:929893. [PMID: 35837334 PMCID: PMC9274007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.929893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in detection and treatment have drastically improved survival for early breast cancer patients. However, distant recurrence causes high mortality and is typically considered incurable. Cancer dissemination occurs via circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and up to 75% of breast cancer patients could harbor micrometastatses at time of diagnosis, while metastatic recurrence often occurs years to decades after treatment. During clinical latency, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can enter a state of cell cycle arrest or dormancy at distant sites, and are likely shielded from immune detection and treatment. While this is a challenge, it can also be seen as an outstanding opportunity to target dormant DTCs on time, before their transformation into lethal macrometastatic lesions. Here, we review and discuss progress made in our understanding of DTC and dormancy biology in breast cancer. Strides in our mechanistic insights of these features has led to the identification of possible targeting strategies, yet, their integration into clinical trial design is still uncertain. Incorporating minimally invasive liquid biopsies and rationally designed adjuvant therapies, targeting both proliferating and dormant tumor cells, may help to address current challenges and improve precision cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ring
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Spataro
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicola Aceto,
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4
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Shan G, Meihe L, Minchao K, Rui Z, Xiaopeng W, Guangjian Z, Jin Z. Identification and validation of Osteopontin and receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM, CD168) for potential immunotherapeutic significance of in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108715. [PMID: 35334357 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach, but the population best suited to immunotherapy is yet to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) was chosen as the object for the present study. Four gene expression profiles were retrieved from the GEO database. 141 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in LUSC tissues and normal tissues by the GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software. RESULTS 34 candidate genes were selected for further analysis. A Kaplan-Meier survival plot further isolated 29 of 34 genes and after re-validation using gene expression profiling interactive analysis and pathway enrichment, Bonferroni correction was used to adjust P values, results showed that two genes (CD168 and OPN) were markedly enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway. We believe this pathway and genes may be tightly involved in the LUSC tumor immune microenvironment. We conducted a further cellular study to knock-down OPN in H520 cells using siRNA. The expression of CD168 was reduced in siRNA-OPN H520 cells (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that the arrest of CD168 occurs after the downregulation of the OPN protein, suggesting that OPN participates in ECM-receptor interactions. CONCLUSIONS By using integrated bioinformatics, we have identified CD168 and OPN as DEGs with poor prognosis in LUSC and have validated their interaction in the ECM receptor pathway. These genes could be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for LUSC patients undergoing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Li Meihe
- Department of Renal Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, China.
| | - Kang Minchao
- Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Zhao Rui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wen Xiaopeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Zhang Guangjian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Zheng Jin
- Department of Renal Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, China.
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5
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Schisandrin B suppresses gastric cancer cell growth and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy drug 5-FU in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Liu Y, Yu F, Dai S, Meng T, Zhu Y, Qiu G, Wen L, Zhou X, Yuan H, Hu F. All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Doxorubicin Delivery by Folic Acid Modified Polymeric Micelles for the Modulation of Pin1-Mediated DOX-Induced Breast Cancer Stemness and Metastasis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3966-3978. [PMID: 34579532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stemness and metastasis are the two main challenges in cancer therapy and are related to disease relapse post-treatment. They both have a strong correlation with chemoresistance and poor prognosis, ultimately leading to treatment failure. It has been reported that chemotherapy can induce stemness and metastasis in many cancer types, especially treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer. A combination treatment is an efficient and elegant approach in cancer therapy through simultaneous delivery of two or more drugs with a delivery system for its synergistic effect, which is not an additive of two individual drugs. Herein, we report a combinatorial system with DOX and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to address both of the above issues. As a common critical regulatory factor for oncogenic signal transduction pathways, Pin1 is a specific isomerase highly expressed within various tumor cells. ATRA, a newly identified Pin1 inhibitor, can abolish several oncogenic pathways by effectively inhibiting and degrading overexpressed Pin1. We successfully developed a folic acid (FA)-modified chitosan (CSO)-derived polymer (FA-CSOSA) and obtained FA-CSOSA/DOX and FA-CSOSA/ATRA drug-loaded micelles. FA modification can improve the uptake of the nanoparticles in tumor cells and tumor sites via folate receptor-mediated cell internalization. Compared to treatment with DOX alone, the combined treatment induced 4T1 cell apoptosis in a synergistic manner. Reduced stemness-related protein expression and inhibited metastasis were observed during treatment with FA-CSOSA/DOX and FA-CSOSA/ATRA and were found to be associated with Pin1. Further in vivo experiments showed that treatment with FA-CSOSA/DOX and FA-CSOSA/ATRA resulted in 85.5% tumor inhibition, which was 2.5-fold greater than that of cells treated with DOX·HCl alone. This work presents a new paradigm for addressing chemotherapy-induced side effects via degradation of Pin1 induced by tumor-targeted delivery of DOX and ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhuan Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 1 Zheda Road, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxi Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 342700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhaorigetu, Farrag IM, Belal A, Badawi MHA, Abdelhady AA, Galala FMAA, El-Sharkawy A, EL-Dahshan AA, Mehany ABM. Antiproliferative, Apoptotic Effects and Suppression of Oxidative Stress of Quercetin against Induced Toxicity in Lung Cancer Cells of Rats: In vitro and In vivo Study. J Cancer 2021; 12:5249-5259. [PMID: 34335941 PMCID: PMC8317526 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, quercetin was examined against lung human cancer cells using A549 and H69 cancer cell lines in addition to normal non cancer cells (W138). Two genes Bax and Bcl-2 that play an important role in apoptosis pathways were investigated. Also Immunohistochemical study for caspase-3 which is considered as indicator for apoptosis was performed. Quercetin showed good anti proliferative activity against tested lung cancer cell lines, IC50 values on A549 are 8.65, 7.96 and 5.14 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72h respectively. Also significant effects of quercetin on Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were observed, that can prove its ability to induce apoptosis. On the other hand quercetin showed good therapeutic effects against cyclophosphamide induced lung toxicity that were observed in the histopathology study. In vitro studies were also performed such as cell cycle analysis through flowcytometry. The obtained results from all these performed analysis proved that quercetin can induce apoptosis in human lung cancer cells, additionally quercetin showed ability to reduce MDA and increase SOD and GSHP levels which indicates its ability in suppressing oxidative stress, Quercetin has played a therapeutic role in cyclophosphamide induced lung toxicity as it has improved restoring of the damaged lung tissue as discussed in this research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorigetu
- Thoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010020, China
| | - Islam M Farrag
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099,Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal H. Al Badawi
- Department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | | | - Abdou El-Sharkawy
- Department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. EL-Dahshan
- Department of zoology Faculty of science (Girls branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B. M. Mehany
- Department of zoology Faculty of science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Mohamed MT, Zaitone SA, Ahmed A, Mehanna ET, El-Sayed NM. Raspberry Ketones Attenuate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and NF-ΚB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111168. [PMID: 33238601 PMCID: PMC7700149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) was found to have a potential toxic effect on lung tissues. Raspberry ketones (RKs) are natural antioxidant chemicals isolated from red raspberries (Rubus ideaus). They are commonly used for weight loss and obesity. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of RKs against lung toxicity induced by CP. Mice were allocated into six groups: (1) control group; (2) CP group: received a single intraperitoneal dose of CP (150 mg/kg, i.p.); and (3–6) mice were pre-treated orally with different doses of RKs (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days, respectively, before the administration of an intraperitoneal dose of CP (150 mg/kg, i.p.). Mice were then sacrificed under anesthesia, then lungs were removed for histopathological and biochemical investigations. A single dose of CP markedly altered the levels of some oxidative stress biomarkers and resulted in the fragmentation of DNA in lung homogenates. Histological examination of CP-treated mice demonstrated diffuse alveolar damage that involved apparent hyalinization of membranes, thickening of inter alveolar septa, and proliferation of type II pneumocytes. The immunohistochemical results of CP-treated mice revealed strongly positive Bax and weakly positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining reactivity of the nuclei of the lining epithelium of the bronchioles and alveoli. CP activated the cyclooxygenase-2/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. However, pre-treatment with RKs significantly attenuated CP-evoked alterations in the previously mentioned parameters, highlighting their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic potential. RKs may be suggested to be a potential candidate to ameliorate CP-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sawsan A. Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Eman T. Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Norhan M. El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-12-2722-2915; Fax: +20-64-3230741
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9
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Gauging the Impact of Cancer Treatment Modalities on Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030743. [PMID: 32245166 PMCID: PMC7140032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic cascade consists of multiple complex steps, but the belief that it is a linear process is diminishing. In order to metastasize, cells must enter the blood vessels or body cavities (depending on the cancer type) via active or passive mechanisms. Once in the bloodstream and/or lymphatics, these cancer cells are now termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTC numbers as well as CTC clusters have been used as a prognostic marker with higher numbers of CTCs and/or CTC clusters correlating with an unfavorable prognosis. However, we have very limited knowledge about CTC biology, including which of these cells are ultimately responsible for overt metastatic growth, but due to the fact that higher numbers of CTCs correlate with a worse prognosis; it would seem appropriate to either limit CTCs and/or their dissemination. Here, we will discuss the different cancer treatments which may inadvertently promote the mobilization of CTCs and potential CTC therapies to decrease metastasis.
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10
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Zenitani M, Nojiri T, Hosoda H, Kimura T, Uehara S, Miyazato M, Okuyama H, Kangawa K. Chemotherapy can promote liver metastasis by enhancing metastatic niche formation in mice. J Surg Res 2017; 224:50-57. [PMID: 29506852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to promote lung metastasis. However, there have been no reports regarding chemotherapy-induced liver metastasis. We hypothesized that chemotherapy might also enhance liver metastasis. The present study aimed to create a chemotherapy-enhanced liver metastasis mouse model and investigate its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were pretreated with cisplatin, vincristine, or saline by intraperitoneal injection. Next, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells were injected into the spleens of C57BL/6 and BALB/c nu/nu mice, respectively, to induce experimental liver metastasis, and the number of liver nodules was determined. We also analyzed the effect of chemotherapy on changes of the liver tissue regarding representative metastasis-promoting factors using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical and histological analysis. RESULTS Cisplatin increased the number of nodules by 4.7-fold in the B16F10 liver metastasis model. Vincristine increased the number of nodules by 3.8-fold in the BE(2)-C liver metastasis model. Cisplatin increased mRNA levels of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and periostin, while vincristine increased MMP-9 and S100A8/9 levels in liver tissues. Cisplatin induced fibrosis, whereas vincristine induced neutrophil recruitment in liver tissues according to histological and immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that cisplatin or vincristine could enhance liver metastasis of mouse melanoma cells or human neuroblastoma cells, respectively. In addition, the mRNA expression of MMP-2 and periostin, or MMP-9 and S100A8/9 is increased by cisplatin or vincristine pretreatment, possibly resulting in fibrosis or neutrophil recruitment, respectively. These niche factors might be associated with increased liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Zenitani
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya-City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nojiri
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Uehara
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Hung CM, Hsu YC, Chen TY, Chang CC, Lee MJ. Cyclophosphamide promotes breast cancer cell migration through CXCR4 and matrix metalloproteinases. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:345-352. [PMID: 28035725 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the treatment of cancerous diseases such as breast cancer and cervical cancer. Recent studies have shown that cyclophosphamide may induce cancer metastasis, but the cause of this unexpected adverse effect is not fully understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of cyclophosphamide on cancer cell migration and its correlation to chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), a biomarker for cancer metastasis. Two human cancer cell lines with significant difference in endogenous CXCR4 expression, the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, and the melanoma cell line, MDA-MB-435S, were treated with various concentrations of cyclophosphamide, followed by the assessment of CXCR4 expression and cell migration. We found that the migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cells was enhanced with increasing concentrations of cyclophosphamide, which induced the cell-surface expression of CXCR4, but had no effect on the overall amount of CXCR4. In MDA-MB-435S cells, in which CXCR4 was barely detectable, cyclophosphamide was unable to activate cell-surface CXCR4, and did not promote cell migration. Studies on the mRNA expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MDA-MB-231 cells further indicate that MMP9 and MMP13 may be involved in the action of cyclophosphamide. The protein expression of both MMP9 and MMP13 was increased in the presence of cyclophosphamide. Results from this study provide the molecular basis for the possible pathway of cyclophosphamide to induce cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou, University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Innovative Research Center of Medicine, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Martin OA, Anderson RL, Narayan K, MacManus MP. Does the mobilization of circulating tumour cells during cancer therapy cause metastasis? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 14:32-44. [PMID: 27550857 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite progressive improvements in the management of patients with locoregionally confined, advanced-stage solid tumours, distant metastasis remains a very common - and usually fatal - mode of failure after attempted curative treatment. Surgery and radiotherapy are the primary curative modalities for these patients, often combined with each other and/or with chemotherapy. Distant metastasis occurring after treatment can arise from previously undetected micrometastases or, alternatively, from persistent locoregional disease. Another possibility is that treatment itself might sometimes cause or promote metastasis. Surgical interventions in patients with cancer, including biopsies, are commonly associated with increased concentrations of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). High CTC numbers are associated with an unfavourable prognosis in many cancers. Radiotherapy and systemic antitumour therapies might also mobilize CTCs. We review the preclinical and clinical data concerning cancer treatments, CTC mobilization and other factors that might promote metastasis. Contemporary treatment regimens represent the best available curative options for patients who might otherwise die from locally confined, advanced-stage cancers; however, if such treatments can promote metastasis, this process must be understood and addressed therapeutically to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kailash Narayan
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Grattan street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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13
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Ebos JML. Prodding the Beast: Assessing the Impact of Treatment-Induced Metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3427-35. [PMID: 26229121 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The arsenal of treatments for most cancers fit broadly into the categories of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy. All represent proven and successful strategies, yet each can trigger local (tumor) and systemic (host) processes that elicit unwanted, often opposing, influences on cancer growth. Under certain conditions, nearly all cancer treatments can facilitate metastatic spread, often in parallel (and sometimes in clear contrast) with tumor reducing benefits. The paradox of treatment-induced metastasis (TIM) is not new. Supporting preclinical studies span decades, but are often overlooked. With recent evidence of prometastatic effects following treatment with targeted agents blocking the tumor microenvironment, a closer inspection of this literature is warranted. The TIM phenomena may diminish the impact of effective therapies and play a critical role in eventual resistance. Alternatively, it may simply exemplify the gap between animal and human studies, and therefore have little impact for patient disease and treatment. This review will focus on the preclinical model systems used to evaluate TIM and explore the mechanisms that influence overall treatment efficacy. Understanding the role of TIM in established and emerging drug treatment strategies may help provide rationales for future drug combination approaches with antimetastatic agents to improve outcomes and reduce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M L Ebos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
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14
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Ran S. The Role of TLR4 in Chemotherapy-Driven Metastasis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2405-10. [PMID: 25998620 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor resistance to cytotoxic drugs is one of the main obstacles to successful cancer therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that chemoresistance is promoted by substances released from dead and damaged cells that activate the host repair program orchestrated by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). TLR4 is often overexpressed in malignant and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In addition to endogenous ligands released by therapy-induced tumor destruction, TLR4 is directly activated by paclitaxel, one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs against various human cancers. TLR4 activation promotes local and systemic inflammation, leading to induction of multiple circuits that create a regenerative environment favoring local recurrence and metastasis. Of particular importance is TLR4-mediated recruitment of endothelial progenitors derived from immature myeloid cells. These cells play a major role in rebuilding tumor-associated lymphatic and blood vessels, thereby promoting lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. The latter is further enhanced by the premetastatic niche generated by mobilization of myeloid provascular cells to distant organs. This review summarizes the recent evidence demonstrating that paclitaxel and other clinically used anticancer drugs actively induce metastasis even while shrinking the primary tumor. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying TLR4-dependent chemotherapy-driven metastasis might be the key to overcoming challenges of cancer eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois.
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15
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Ghosh P, Bhattacharjee A, Basu A, Singha Roy S, Bhattacharya S. Attenuation of cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary toxicity in Swiss albino mice by naphthalimide-based organoselenium compound 2-(5-selenocyanatopentyl)-benzo[de]isoquinoline 1,3-dione. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:524-532. [PMID: 25471377 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.931440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The widely used antineoplastic drug cyclophosphamide causes pulmonary toxicity by inducing oxidative stress. Selenium, a dietary micronutrient, has been found to protect various organs from oxidative injuries. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the protective efficacy of an organoselenium compound 2-(5-selenocyanato-pentyl)-benzo[de]isoquinoline 1,3-dione against cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary toxicity in Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intraperitoneally for 10 d and the organoselenium compound (3 mg/kg b.w.) was given by oral gavage in concomitant and pretreatment schedules. Various biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes along with histology of lungs were evaluated to assess the effect of the test compound. RESULTS The oral LD50 of the test compound was more than 1000 mg/kg b.w. in Swiss albino mice. The test compound substantially ameliorated cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary injury by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and lipid peroxidation, respectively, by 14.88, 18.54, and 21.10% in concomitant treatment schedule and by 23.89, 35.73, and 30.76% in the pretreatment schedule as well as by restoring the level of reduced glutathione and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, respectively, by 36.88, 42.43, 38.0, 35.0, and 34.06% in the concomitant treatment schedule and by 66.02, 59.29, 57.23, 71.59, and 57.22% in the pretreatment schedule. The test compound also attenuated cyclophosphamide-induced histological alterations of lung tissue. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The test compound emerged as an efficient antioxidant protecting lungs tissue from cyclophosphamide-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, West Bengal , India
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16
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Man S, Li Y, Fan W, Gao W, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu C. Combination therapy of cyclophosphamide and Rhizoma Paridis Saponins on anti-hepatocarcinoma mice and effects on cytochrome p450 enzyme expression. Steroids 2014; 80:1-6. [PMID: 24291418 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis Saponins (RPS), which is the effective part of Rhizoma Paridis, showed strong activity against lung cancer and hepatocarcinoma. In this research, a combination of RPS with cyclophosphamide (CTX) was used to treat hepatocarcinoma in mice. Although no active enhancement of activity was observed, some attenuation of the toxicity of RPS in combination with CTX occurred. In order to explain this phenomenon, we carried out research on the effects of Rhizoma Paridis Saponins on the activities of cytochrome p450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. The results indicated that RPS significantly influenced the activity of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 through the inhibition of protein expression. However, RPS did not affect the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 in rats in vivo. These results suggested that RPS inhibited the conversion of cyclophosphamide into active metabolites and inactive byproducts through the reduced activities of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. Therefore, it's essential to pay attention to CYP2B6- and CYP3A4-mediated herb-drug interactions between RPS and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China
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17
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Gao D, Li S. Stimuli-induced organ-specific injury enhancement of organotropic metastasis in a spatiotemporal regulation. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:27-42. [PMID: 24357158 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and tumorigenesis has been established. Recently, inflammation is also reported to be a drive force for cancer metastasis. Further evidences show that various stimuli directly induced-injury in a specific organ can also promote metastasis in this organ, which include epidemiological reports, clinical series and experimental studies. Each type of cancer has preferential sites for metastasis, which is also due to inflammatory factors that are released by primary cancer to act on these sites and indirectly induce injuries on them. Host factors such as stress,fever can also influence distant metastasis in a specific site through stimulation of immune and inflammatory effects. The five aspects support an idea that specific-organ injury directly induced by various stimuli or indirectly induced by primary tumor or host factors activation of proinflammatory modulators can promote metastasis in this organ through a spatiotemporal regulation, which has important implications for personalized prediction, prevention and management of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Gao
- , 536 Hospital of PLA, 29# Xiadu street, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China,
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18
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Zhang B, Liu Z, Hu X. Inhibiting cancer metastasis via targeting NAPDH oxidase 4. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:253-66. [PMID: 23688500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a major cause for cancer-related death and inhibiting cancer metastasis is an alternative way to treat cancer. Several lines of reported evidence suggest that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a potential target for intervention of cancer metastasis, as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by this enzyme plays important roles in TGF-β signaling, an important inducer of cancer metastasis. Here we show (1) that TGF-β induces ROS production in breast cancer 4T1 cells and enhances cell migration and that the effect of TGF-β depends on NOX4 expression, (2) that knockdown of NOX4 via RNAi significantly decreases the migration ability of 4T1 cells in the presence or absence of TGF-β and significantly attenuates distant metastasis of 4T1 cells to lung and bone, (3) that Schisandrin B (Sch B), a naturally occurring dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan with very low toxicity, is a novel NOX inhibitor and its IC50 toward NOX4 is 9.3μM, and (4) that Sch B suppresses TGF-β-induced and NOX4-associated ROS production in 4T1 cells and inhibits TGF-β-enhanced cell migration. Similar to NOX4 knockdown observed in this study, Sch B significantly attenuated 4T1 cells distant metastasis to lung and bone in our recently published study. In line with previous reports, the study suggests that pharmacologically targeting NOX4 may be a potential approach to disrupt cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Cancer Institute a Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention & Intervention, National Ministry of Education, China
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19
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Park SI, Liao J, Berry JE, Li X, Koh AJ, Michalski ME, Eber MR, Soki FN, Sadler D, Sud S, Tisdelle S, Daignault SD, Nemeth JA, Snyder LA, Wronski TJ, Pienta KJ, McCauley LK. Cyclophosphamide creates a receptive microenvironment for prostate cancer skeletal metastasis. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2522-32. [PMID: 22589273 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of cancers predominantly metastasize to bone, due to its complex microenvironment and multiple types of constitutive cells. Prostate cancer especially has been shown to localize preferentially to bones with higher marrow cellularity. Using an experimental prostate cancer metastasis model, we investigated the effects of cyclophosphamide, a bone marrow-suppressive chemotherapeutic drug, on the development and growth of metastatic tumors in bone. Priming the murine host with cyclophosphamide before intracardiac tumor cell inoculation was found to significantly promote tumor localization and subsequent growth in bone. Shortly after cyclophosphamide treatment, there was an abrupt expansion of myeloid lineage cells in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood, associated with increases in cytokines with myelogenic potential such as C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)2, interleukin (IL)-6, and VEGF-A. More importantly, neutralizing host-derived murine CCL2, but not IL-6, in the premetastatic murine host significantly reduced the prometastatic effects of cyclophosphamide. Together, our findings suggest that bone marrow perturbation by cytotoxic chemotherapy can contribute to bone metastasis via a transient increase in bone marrow myeloid cells and myelogenic cytokines. These changes can be reversed by inhibition of CCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serk In Park
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Liu Z, Zhang B, Liu K, Ding Z, Hu X. Schisandrin B attenuates cancer invasion and metastasis via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40480. [PMID: 22848381 PMCID: PMC3405072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the major cause of cancer related death and targeting the process of metastasis has been proposed as a strategy to combat cancer. Therefore, to develop candidate drugs that target the process of metastasis is very important. In the preliminary studies, we found that schisandrin B (Sch B), a naturally-occurring dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan with very low toxicity, could suppress cancer metastasis. Methodology BALB/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously or injected via tail vein with murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. Mice were divided into Sch B-treated and control groups. The primary tumor growth, local invasion, lung and bone metastasis, and survival time were monitored. Tumor biopsies were examined immuno- and histo-pathologically. The inhibitory activity of Sch B on TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of 4T1 and primary human breast cancer cells was assayed. Principal Findings Sch B significantly suppressed the spontaneous lung and bone metastasis of 4T1 cells inoculated s.c. without significant effect on primary tumor growth and significantly extended the survival time of these mice. Sch B did not inhibit lung metastasis of 4T1 cells that were injected via tail vein. Delayed start of treatment with Sch B in mice with pre-existing tumors did not reduce lung metastasis. These results suggested that Sch B acted at the step of local invasion. Histopathological evidences demonstrated that the primary tumors in Sch B group were significantly less locally invasive than control tumors. In vitro assays demonstrated that Sch B could inhibit TGF-β induced EMT of 4T1 cells and of primary human breast cancer cells. Conclusions Sch B significantly suppresses the lung and bone metastasis of 4T1 cells via inhibiting EMT, suggesting its potential application in targeting the process of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Second Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhangjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zonghui Ding
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention of China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Paridis saponins inhibiting carcinoma growth and metastasis In vitro and in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:43-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Ma H, Li X, Yang Z, Okuno S, Kawaguchi T, Yagi S, Bouvet M, Hoffman RM. High antimetastatic efficacy of MEN4901/T-0128, a novel camptothecin carboxymethyldextran conjugate. J Surg Res 2010; 171:684-90. [PMID: 20851421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antimetastatic activity of a novel camptothecan conjugate, MEN4901/T-0128, in which 7-ethyl-10-aminopropyloxy-camptothecin (T-2513) is bound to a biodegradable carboxymethyldextran via a Gly-Gly-Gly linker, was observed in this study. High antimetastatic activity of MEN4901/T-0128 was demonstrated in a clinically-relevant orthotopic mouse model of human colon cancer. MEN4901/T-0128 and irinotecan were compared for anti-metastatic activity as well as efficacy against the primary tumor. An imageable, metastatic model was made by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing HT-29 tumor in nude mice. MEN4901/T-0128 and irinotecan were administered intravenously at various doses and schedules. MEN4901/T-0128, with treatment beginning on d 49 after SOI, was highly effective on lymph node metastasis as well as against the primary tumor. Both GFP imaging and histology demonstrated a markedly lower metastatic incidence of lymph nodes in all MEN4901/T-0128 treated mice compared with irinotecan-treated and untreated mice. At the most efficacious dose of MEN4901/T-0128, only 1 of 12 animals had lymph node metastasis compared with 19 of 20 in the control group. The present study demonstrates the principle that when a camptothecan is conjugated to an appropriate polymer, the drug can become extremely effective with important clinical potential for antimetastatic therapy, a most urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Ma
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California 92111, USA
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23
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Steeg PS, Anderson RL, Bar-Eli M, Chambers AF, Eccles SA, Hunter K, Itoh K, Kang Y, Matrisian LM, Sleeman JP, Theodorescu D, Thompson EW, Welch DR. An open letter to the FDA and other regulatory agencies: Preclinical drug development must consider the impact on metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4529. [PMID: 25278743 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Steeg
- Metastasis Research Society Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Metastasis Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia 8006
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Department of Cancer Biology M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ann F Chambers
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society London Regional Cancer Program Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario London, Ontario Canada N6A 4L6
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG UK
| | - Kent Hunter
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kazuyuki Itoh
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Department of Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Yibin Kang
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Lynn M Matrisian
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13 - 17 D-68167 Mannheim Germany
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA
| | - Erik W Thompson
- President Elect, Metastasis Research Society Invasion and Metastasis Unit, St. Vincent's Institute The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne VIC, 3065 Australia
| | - Danny R Welch
- Board Member, Metastasis Research Society Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL 35294-0019
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Giuliano M, Stellavato A, Cammarota M, Lamberti M, Miraglia N, Sannolo N, De Rosa M. Effects of low concentrations of benzene on human lung cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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