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Suntichaikamolkul N, Sangpong L, Schaller H, Sirikantaramas S. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of durian CYPome related to fruit ripening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260665. [PMID: 34847184 PMCID: PMC8631664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is a major economic crop native to Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. Accordingly, understanding durian fruit ripening is an important factor in its market worldwide, owing to the fact that it is a climacteric fruit with a strikingly limited shelf life. However, knowledge regarding the molecular regulation of durian fruit ripening is still limited. Herein, we focused on cytochrome P450, a large enzyme family that regulates many biosynthetic pathways of plant metabolites and phytohormones. Deep mining of the durian genome and transcriptome libraries led to the identification of all P450s that are potentially involved in durian fruit ripening. Gene expression validation by RT-qPCR showed a high correlation with the transcriptome libraries at five fruit ripening stages. In addition to aril-specific and ripening-associated expression patterns, putative P450s that are potentially involved in phytohormone metabolism were selected for further study. Accordingly, the expression of CYP72, CYP83, CYP88, CYP94, CYP707, and CYP714 was significantly modulated by external treatment with ripening regulators, suggesting possible crosstalk between phytohormones during the regulation of fruit ripening. Interestingly, the expression levels of CYP88, CYP94, and CYP707, which are possibly involved in gibberellin, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, were significantly different between fast- and slow-post-harvest ripening cultivars, strongly implying important roles of these hormones in fruit ripening. Taken together, these phytohormone-associated P450s are potentially considered additional molecular regulators controlling ripening processes, besides ethylene and auxin, and are economically important biological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiwat Suntichaikamolkul
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lalida Sangpong
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Triptolide (TP), the main active compound extracted from medicine-tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF). It has anti-tumor and immunomodulatory properties. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity treated with TP in vivo and in vitro, as well as their relationship with the NF-κB (p65) signal pathway; and to assess TP-induced hepatotoxicity after CYP2E1 modulation by the known inhibitor, clomethiazole, and the known inducer, pyrazole. Mice were given TP to cause liver injury and IHHA-1 cells were given TP to cause hepatocyte injury. The enzyme activity and hepatotoxicity changed dramatically when the CYP2E1 inhibitor and inducer were added. In comparison to the control group, the enzyme inducer increased the activity of CYP2E1, whereas the enzyme inhibitor had the opposite effect. Our findings suggest that TP is an inducer of CYP2E1 via a time-dependent activation mechanism. In addition, TP can promote oxidative stress, inflammatory and involving the NF-κB (p65) signal pathway. Therefore, we used triptolide to stimulate C57 mice and IHHA-1 cells to determine whether TP can promote oxidative stress and inflammation by activating CYP2E1 in response to exacerbated liver damage and participate in NF-κB (p65) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Ni Bao
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Garrigós-Martínez J, Weninger A, Montesinos-Seguí JL, Schmid C, Valero F, Rinnofner C, Glieder A, Garcia-Ortega X. Scalable production and application of Pichia pastoris whole cell catalysts expressing human cytochrome P450 2C9. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:90. [PMID: 33902608 PMCID: PMC8074423 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the numerous and versatile applications in pharmaceutical and chemical industry make the recombinant production of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) of great biotechnological interest. Accelerating the drug development process by simple, quick and scalable access of human drug metabolites is key for efficient and targeted drug development in response to new and sometimes unexpected medical challenges and needs. However, due its biochemical complexity, scalable human CYP (hCYP) production and their application in preparative biotransformations was still in its infancy. RESULTS A scalable bioprocess for fine-tuned co-expression of hCYP2C9 and its essential complementary human cytochrome P450 reductase (hCPR) in the yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is presented. High-throughput screening (HTS) of a transformant library employing a set of diverse bidirectional expression systems with different regulation patterns and a fluorimetric assay was used in order to fine-tune hCYP2C9 and hCPR co-expression, and to identify best expressing clonal variants. The bioprocess development for scalable and reliable whole cell biocatalyst production in bioreactors was carried out based on rational optimization criteria. Among the different alternatives studied, a glycerol carbon-limiting strategy at high µ showed highest production rates, while methanol co-addition together with a decrease of µ provided the best results in terms of product to biomass yield and whole cell activity. By implementing the mentioned strategies, up to threefold increases in terms of production rates and/or yield could be achieved in comparison with initial tests. Finally, the performance of the whole cell catalysts was demonstrated successfully in biotransformation using ibuprofen as substrate, demonstrating the expected high selectivity of the human enzyme catalyst for 3'hydroxyibuprofen. CONCLUSIONS For the first time a scalable bioprocess for the production of hCYP2C9 whole cell catalysts was successfully designed and implemented in bioreactor cultures, and as well, further tested in a preparative-scale biotransformation of interest. The catalyst engineering procedure demonstrated the efficiency of the employment of a set of differently regulated bidirectional promoters to identify transformants with most effective membrane-bound hCYP/hCPR co-expression ratios and implies to become a model case for the generation of other P. pastoris based catalysts relying on co-expressed enzymes such as other P450 catalysts or enzymes relying on co-expressed enzymes for co-factor regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garrigós-Martínez
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Astrid Weninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - José Luis Montesinos-Seguí
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Christian Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Francisco Valero
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200, Hofstaetten/Raab, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Bisy GmbH, Wuenschendorf 292, 8200, Hofstaetten/Raab, Austria.
| | - Xavier Garcia-Ortega
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Jiang L, Huang L, Cai J, Xu Z, Lian J. Functional expression of eukaryotic cytochrome P450s in yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1050-1065. [PMID: 33205834 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins widely existing in various organisms. Due to their key roles in secondary metabolism, degradation of xenobiotics, and carcinogenesis, there is a great demand to heterologously express and obtain a sufficient amount of active eukaryotic P450s. However, most eukaryotic P450s are endoplasmic reticulum-localized membrane proteins, which is the biggest challenge for functional expression to high levels. Furthermore, the functions of P450s require the cooperation of cytochrome P450 reductases for electron transfer. Great efforts have been devoted to the heterologous expression of eukaryotic P450s, and yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae are frequently considered as the first expression systems to be tested for this challenging purpose. This review discusses the strategies for improving the expression and activity of eukaryotic P450s in yeasts, followed by examples of P450s involved in biosynthetic pathway engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Synthetic Biology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu H, Guo J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Gao J, Deng Y, Li Y. Investigation on Intestinal Proteins and Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Simulated Microgravity Rats by a Proteomics Method. Molecules 2020; 25:E4391. [PMID: 32987831 PMCID: PMC7582489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the change of intestinal mucosa proteins, especially the alteration of intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes (IDMEs) following 14-day simulated microgravity. Morey-Holton tail-suspension analog was used to simulate microgravity. Intestinal mucosa proteins of rats were determined by label-free quantitative proteomic strategy. A total of 335 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, 190 DEPs were upregulated, and 145 DEPs were downregulated. According to bioinformatic analysis, most of DEPs exhibited hydrolase, oxidoreductase, transferase, ligase, or lyase catalytic activity. DEPs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, including metabolism of amino acid, glucose, and carbon. Moreover, 11 of DEPs were involved in exogenous drug and xenobiotics metabolism. Owing to the importance of IDMEs for the efficacy and safety of oral drugs, the expression of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2D1, CYP3A2, CYP2E1, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), and glutathione S-transferase mu 5 (GSTM5) in rat intestine mucosa was determined by Western-blot. The activity of ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and GST was evaluated. Compared with control rats, the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2D1, CYP3A2, and ADH1 in the simulated microgravity (SMG) group of rats were dramatically decreased by 33.16%, 21.93%, 48.49%, and 22.83%, respectively. GSTM5 was significantly upregulated by 53.14% and CYP2E1 expression did not show a dramatical change in SMG group rats. Moreover, 14-day SMG reduced ADH activity, while ALDH and GST activities was not altered remarkably. It could be concluded that SMG dramatically affected the expression and activity of some IDMEs, which might alter the efficacy or safety of their substrate drugs under microgravity. The present study provided some preliminary information on IDMEs under microgravity. It revealed the potential effect of SMG on intestinal metabolism, which may be helpful to understand the intestinal health of astronauts and medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yujuan Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, No.16 Dongzhimen Neinan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, No.109 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianyi Gao
- Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, No.109 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yongzhi Li
- Astronaut Research and Training Center of China, No.109 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (J.W.); (J.G.)
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Loerracher AK, Braunbeck T. Inducibility of cytochrome P450-mediated 7-methoxycoumarin-O-demethylase activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 225:105540. [PMID: 32569997 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has increasingly been used as an alternative model in human and environmental toxicology. Since the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is of fundamental importance for the understanding and correct interpretation of the outcome of toxicological studies, constitutive and xenobiotic-induced 7-methoxycoumarin-O-demethylase (MCOD), i.e. 'mammalian CYP2-like', activities were monitored in vivo in zebrafish embryos via confocal laser scanning microscopy. In order to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the MCOD induction, dose-dependent effects of the prototypical CYP inducers β-naphthoflavone (aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist), rifampicin (pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist), carbamazepine and phenobarbital (constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonists) were analyzed in zebrafish embryos of varying age. Starting from 36 h of age, all embryonic stages of zebrafish could be shown to have constitutive MCOD activity, albeit with spatial variation and at distinct levels. Whereas carbamazepine, phenobarbital and rifampicin had no effect on in vivo MCOD activity in 96 h old zebrafish embryos, the model aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist β-naphthoflavone significantly induced MCOD activity in 96 h old zebrafish embryos at 46-734 nM, however, without a clear concentration-effect relationship. Induction of MCOD activity by β-naphthoflavone gradually decreased with progression of embryonic development. By in vivo characterization of constitutive and xenobiotic-induced MCOD activity patterns in 36, 60, 84 and 108 h old zebrafish embryos, this decrease could primarily be attributed to an age-related decline in the induction of MCOD activity in the cardiovascular system. Results of this study provide novel insights into the mechanism and extent, by which specific CYP activities in early life-stages of zebrafish can be influenced by exposure to xenobiotics. The study thus lends further support to the view that zebrafish embryos- at least from an age of 36 h - have an elaborate and inducible biotransformation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Loerracher
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gaines TA, Duke SO, Morran S, Rigon CAG, Tranel PJ, Küpper A, Dayan FE. Mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10307-10330. [PMID: 32430396 PMCID: PMC7383398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.013572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely successful use of synthetic herbicides over the past 70 years has imposed strong and widespread selection pressure, leading to the evolution of herbicide resistance in hundreds of weed species. Both target-site resistance (TSR) and nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms have evolved to most herbicide classes. TSR often involves mutations in genes encoding the protein targets of herbicides, affecting the binding of the herbicide either at or near catalytic domains or in regions affecting access to them. Most of these mutations are nonsynonymous SNPs, but polymorphisms in more than one codon or entire codon deletions have also evolved. Some herbicides bind multiple proteins, making the evolution of TSR mechanisms more difficult. Increased amounts of protein target, by increased gene expression or by gene duplication, are an important, albeit less common, TSR mechanism. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption or translocation and increased sequestration or metabolic degradation. The mechanisms that can contribute to NTSR are complex and often involve genes that are members of large gene families. For example, enzymes involved in herbicide metabolism-based resistances include cytochromes P450, GSH S-transferases, glucosyl and other transferases, aryl acylamidase, and others. Both TSR and NTSR mechanisms can combine at the individual level to produce higher resistance levels. The vast array of herbicide-resistance mechanisms for generalist (NTSR) and specialist (TSR and some NTSR) adaptations that have evolved over a few decades illustrate the evolutionary resilience of weed populations to extreme selection pressures. These evolutionary processes drive herbicide and herbicide-resistant crop development and resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Gaines
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sarah Morran
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos A G Rigon
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anita Küpper
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Human liver models that are three-dimensional (3D) in architecture are indispensable for compound metabolism/toxicity screening, to model liver diseases for drug discovery, and for cell-based therapies; however, further development of such models is needed to maintain high levels of primary human hepatocyte (PHH) functions for weeks to months. Therefore, here we determined how microscale 3D collagen I presentation and fibroblast interaction affect the longevity of PHHs. High-throughput droplet microfluidics was utilized to generate reproducibly sized (∼300-μm diameter) microtissues containing PHHs encapsulated in collagen I ± supportive fibroblasts, namely, 3T3-J2 murine embryonic fibroblasts or primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); self-assembled spheroids and bulk collagen gels (macrogels) containing PHHs served as controls. Hepatic functions and gene expression were subsequently measured for up to 6 weeks. We found that microtissues placed within multiwell plates rescued PHH functions at 2- to 30-fold higher levels than spheroids or macrogels. Further coating of PHH microtissues with 3T3-J2s led to higher hepatic functions than when the two cell types were either coencapsulated together or when HSCs were used for the coating instead. Importantly, the 3T3-J2-coated PHH microtissues displayed 6+ weeks of relatively stable hepatic gene expression and function at levels similar to freshly thawed PHHs. Lastly, microtissues responded in a clinically relevant manner to drug-mediated cytochrome P450 induction or hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, fibroblast-coated collagen microtissues containing PHHs display high hepatic functions for 6+ weeks and are useful for assessing drug-mediated CYP induction and hepatotoxicity. Ultimately, microtissues may find utility for modeling liver diseases and as building blocks for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Kukla
- *Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Crampton
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David K. Wood
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Salman R. Khetani
- *Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Szaefer H, Licznerska B, Cykowiak M, Baer-Dubowska W. Expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 in breast cancer epithelial cells and modulation of their expression by synthetic methoxy stilbenes. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1001-1005. [PMID: 31561186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Orphan" cytochromes are a new group of P450 cytochromes without a fully recognized biological role. The expression of these CYPs in tumors is higher than that in normal tissues, which makes them attractive as chemopreventive and/or therapeutic targets. In this study, we compared the effect of synthetic methoxy stilbenes and resveratrol on the expression of two orphan cytochromes, CYP2S1 and CYP2W1, in breast cancer cells. METHODS Breast cancer cells, lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, were treated for 72 h with tested compounds. The expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 was evaluated at the transcript and protein levels by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The constitutive expression of both isoforms was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 showed higher expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. In MCF7 cells treated with stilbenes, the expression of both CYPs was increased at the mRNA level, whereas at the protein level this effect was confirmed for CYP2S1 alone. In contrast, in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells treated with stilbenes, the expression of both CYPs decreased, but mostly at the transcript level. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study confirmed the constitutive expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 in breast cancer cells, although their relatively low level of expression suggests that they may be less involved in the transformation of therapeutic agents in these types of tumors. Stilbenes, particularly 3MS and 4MS, can modulate the expression of "orphan" CYPs more efficiently than resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Licznerska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Cykowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Bulutoglu B, Mert S, Rey-Bedón C, Deng SL, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Rapid maturation of the hepatic cell line Huh7 via CDK inhibition for PXR dependent CYP450 metabolism and induction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15848. [PMID: 31676845 PMCID: PMC6825149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP3A4, a cytochrome P450 enzyme regulated by the nuclear receptor PXR, is involved in most of the drug metabolizing pathways. Studying the regulation/induction of CYP3A4 and PXR is critical in toxicology and drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. Primary human hepatocytes constitute the preferred in vitro platform for drug development efforts. However, they are expensive, scarce and heterogeneous. Hepatic cell lines, such as Huh7, could provide a cost-effective alternative, however, they express negligible amounts of CYP450s and PXR. In this study, we show that dinaciclib, a potent cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, significantly increases the basal CYP3A4 and PXR levels in 24 hours. We also demonstrated that matured Huh7s can be used for drug induction studies, where CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 inductions were achieved following rifampicin treatment. More importantly, through a direct demonstration using amiodarone and rifampicin as model drugs, we showed that matured Huh7s present a suitable platform for DDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Safak Mert
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Camilo Rey-Bedón
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah L Deng
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Bernasconi C, Pelkonen O, Andersson TB, Strickland J, Wilk-Zasadna I, Asturiol D, Cole T, Liska R, Worth A, Müller-Vieira U, Richert L, Chesne C, Coecke S. Validation of in vitro methods for human cytochrome P450 enzyme induction: Outcome of a multi-laboratory study. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:212-228. [PMID: 31158489 PMCID: PMC6718736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CYP enzyme induction is a sensitive biomarker for phenotypic metabolic competence of in vitro test systems; it is a key event associated with thyroid disruption, and a biomarker for toxicologically relevant nuclear receptor-mediated pathways. This paper summarises the results of a multi-laboratory validation study of two in vitro methods that assess the potential of chemicals to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, in particular CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4. The methods are based on the use of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and human HepaRG cells. The validation study was coordinated by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre and involved a ring trial among six laboratories. The reproducibility was assessed within and between laboratories using a validation set of 13 selected chemicals (known human inducers and non-inducers) tested under blind conditions. The ability of the two methods to predict human CYP induction potential was assessed. Chemical space analysis confirmed that the selected chemicals are broadly representative of a diverse range of chemicals. The two methods were found to be reliable and relevant in vitro tools for the assessment of human CYP induction, with the HepaRG method being better suited for routine testing. Recommendations for the practical application of the two methods are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine/Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aapistie 5B, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland; Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - Tommy B Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judy Strickland
- Integrated Laboratory Systems (contractor supporting NICEATM), Research Triangle Park, North, Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - David Asturiol
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Thomas Cole
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Liska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrew Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ursula Müller-Vieira
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany. Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, an der Riss, Germany
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A, rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France(g) Biopredic International, Parc d'activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Christophe Chesne
- Biopredic International, Parc d'activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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12
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Berni R, Hoque MZ, Legay S, Cai G, Siddiqui KS, Hausman JF, Andre CM, Guerriero G. Tuscan Varieties of Sweet Cherry Are Rich Sources of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acid: Protein Modeling Coupled to Targeted Gene Expression and Metabolite Analyses. Molecules 2019; 24:E1590. [PMID: 31013661 PMCID: PMC6515059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of six ancient Tuscan sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties as a source of health-promoting pentacyclic triterpenes is here evaluated by means of a targeted gene expression and metabolite analysis. By using a sequence homology criterion, we identify five oxidosqualene cyclase genes (OSCs) and three cytochrome P450s (CYP85s) that are putatively involved in the triterpene production pathway in sweet cherries. We performed 3D structure prediction and induced-fit docking using cation intermediates and reaction products for some OSCs to predict their function. We show that the Tuscan varieties have different amounts of ursolic and oleanolic acids and that these variations are related to different gene expression profiles. This study stresses the interest of valorizing ancient fruits as alternative sources of functional molecules with nutraceutical value. It also provides information on sweet cherry triterpene biosynthetic genes, which could be the object of follow-up functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Mubasher Zahir Hoque
- Bio-Bio-1 Research Foundation, Sangskriti Bikash Kendra Bhaban, 1/E/1 Poribagh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
- Life Sciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sylvain Legay
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- Life Sciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Christelle M Andre
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
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13
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Cizkova K, Tauber Z. Time-dependent expression pattern of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and soluble epoxide hydrolase in normal human placenta. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:513-519. [PMID: 29908721 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CYP2C and CYP2 J enzymes, commonly named as cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases, convert arachidonic acid to four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), biologically active eicosanoids with many functions in organism. EETs are rapidly hydrolysed to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We investigated spatio-temporal expression pattern of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2 J2 and sEH in normal human placenta by immunohistochemical method. In the villous trophoblast, CYP2C8 was the most abundant protein. Its expression is higher than the CYP2C9 and CYP2 J2 in the cytotrophoblast in the embryonic stage of development and remains higher in syncytiotrophoblast of term placenta. Unlike to CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP2 J2 expression decrease in term placenta. sEH expression increases with gestation age and is strictly limited to cytotrophoblast in embryonic and foetal stages of the development. Moreover, CYP2C8 shows more intensive staining than the other protein monitored in Hofbauer cells in villous stroma. Specific information regarding the exact role of EETs and DHETs functions in a normal placenta is still unknown. Based on CYP epoxygenases and sEH localization and well known information about the functions of placental structures during development, we suggest that these enzymes could play different roles in various cell populations in the placenta. As the placenta is absolutely crucial for prenatal development, arachidonic acid is essential part of human nutrient and CYP epoxygenases expression can be affected by xenobiotics, further investigation of the exact role of CYP epoxygenases, sEH, and their metabolites in normal pregnancy and under pathological conditions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Z Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Ilc T, Arista G, Tavares R, Navrot N, Duchêne E, Velt A, Choulet F, Paux E, Fischer M, Nelson DR, Hugueney P, Werck-Reichhart D, Rustenholz C. Annotation, classification, genomic organization and expression of the Vitis vinifera CYPome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199902. [PMID: 29953551 PMCID: PMC6023221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 are enzymes that participate in a wide range of functions in plants, from hormonal signaling and biosynthesis of structural polymers, to defense or communication with other organisms. They represent one of the largest gene/protein families in the plant kingdom. The manual annotation of cytochrome P450 genes in the genome of Vitis vinifera PN40024 revealed 579 P450 sequences, including 279 complete genes. Most of the P450 sequences in grapevine genome are organized in physical clusters, resulting from tandem or segmental duplications. Although most of these clusters are small (2 to 35, median = 3), some P450 families, such as CYP76 and CYP82, underwent multiple duplications and form large clusters of homologous sequences. Analysis of gene expression revealed highly specific expression patterns, which are often the same within the genes in large physical clusters. Some of these genes are induced upon biotic stress, which points to their role in plant defense, whereas others are specifically activated during grape berry ripening and might be responsible for the production of berry-specific metabolites, such as aroma compounds. Our work provides an exhaustive and robust annotation including clear identification, structural organization, evolutionary dynamics and expression patterns for the grapevine cytochrome P450 families, paving the way to efficient functional characterization of genes involved in grapevine defense pathways and aroma biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ilc
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gautier Arista
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Navrot
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Duchêne
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Amandine Velt
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - Frédéric Choulet
- Laboratoire Structure et Evolution du Génome du Blé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Paux
- Laboratoire Structure et Evolution du Génome du Blé, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Fischer
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Université de Strasbourg, INRA, SVQV UMR-A 1131, Colmar, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hausjell J, Halbwirth H, Spadiut O. Recombinant production of eukaryotic cytochrome P450s in microbial cell factories. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171290. [PMID: 29436484 PMCID: PMC5835717 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (P450s) comprise one of the largest known protein families. They occur in every kingdom of life and catalyze essential reactions, such as carbon source assimilation, synthesis of hormones and secondary metabolites, or degradation of xenobiotics. Due to their outstanding ability of specifically hydroxylating complex hydrocarbons, there is a great demand to use these enzymes for biocatalysis, including applications at an industrial scale. Thus, the recombinant production of these enzymes is intensively investigated. However, especially eukaryotic P450s are difficult to produce. Challenges are faced due to complex cofactor requirements and the availability of a redox-partner (cytochrome P450 reductase, CPR) can be a key element to get active P450s. Additionally, most eukaryotic P450s are membrane bound which complicates the recombinant production. This review describes current strategies for expression of P450s in the microbial cell factories Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pichia pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hausjell
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Wong J, d'Espaux L, Dev I, van der Horst C, Keasling J. De novo synthesis of the sedative valerenic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2018; 47:94-101. [PMID: 29545148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) root extracts have been used by European and Asian cultures for millennia for their anxiolytic and sedative properties. However, the efficacy of these extracts suffers from variable yields and composition, making these extracts a prime candidate for microbial production. Recently, valerenic acid, a C15 sesquiterpenoid, was identified as the active compound that modulates the GABAA channel. Although the first committed step, valerena-4,7(11)-diene synthase, has been identified and described, the complete valerenic acid biosynthetic pathway remains to be elucidated. Sequence homology and tissue-specific expression profiles of V. officinalis putative P450s led to the discovery of a V. officinalis valerena-4,7(11)-diene oxidase, VoCYP71DJ1, which required coexpression with a V. officinalis alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to complete valerenic acid biosynthesis in yeast. Further, we demonstrated the stable integration of all pathway enzymes in yeast, resulting in the production of 140 mg/L of valerena-4,7(11)-diene and 4 mg/L of valerenic acid in milliliter plates. These findings showcase Saccharomyces cerevisiae's potential as an expression platform for facilitating multiply-oxidized medicinal terpenoid pathway discovery, possibly paving the way for scale up and FDA approval of valerenic acid and other active compounds from plant-derived herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Wong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Leo d'Espaux
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Ishaan Dev
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Cas van der Horst
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jay Keasling
- DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States.
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17
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Stage TB, Graff M, Wong S, Rasmussen LL, Nielsen F, Pottegård A, Brøsen K, Kroetz DL, Khojasteh SC, Damkier P. Dicloxacillin induces CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in vivo and in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:510-519. [PMID: 29105855 PMCID: PMC5809358 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to study potential cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction by dicloxacillin. METHODS We performed an open-label, randomized, two-phase, five-drug clinical pharmacokinetic cocktail crossover study in 12 healthy men with and without pretreatment with 1 g dicloxacillin three times daily for 10 days. Plasma and urine were collected over 24 h and the concentration of all five drugs and their primary metabolites was determined using a liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method. Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes were exposed to dicloxacillin for 48 h and changes in gene expression and the activity of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 were investigated. The activation of nuclear receptors by dicloxacillin was assessed using luciferase assays. RESULTS A total of 10 days of treatment with dicloxacillin resulted in a clinically and statistically significant reduction in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h for omeprazole (CYP2C19) {geometric mean ratio [GMR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.33 [0.24, 0.45]}, tolbutamide (CYP2C9) [GMR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.65, 0.81)] and midazolam (CYP3A4) [GMR (95% CI): 0.54 (0.41, 0.72)]. Additionally, other relevant pharmacokinetic parameters were affected, indicating the induction of CYP2C- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism by dicloxacillin. Investigations in primary hepatocytes showed a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in CYP expression and activity by dicloxacillin, caused by activation of the pregnane X receptor. CONCLUSIONS Dicloxacillin is an inducer of CYP2C- and CYP3A-mediated drug metabolism, and we recommend caution when prescribing dicloxacillin to users of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Bjerregaard Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Magnus Graff
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Susan Wong
- DMPK, Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Louise Ladebo Rasmussen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Mech‐Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAalborg University Hospital and Clinical Institute, Aalborg UniversityOdenseDenmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Kim Brøsen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Department of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Deanna L. Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Per Damkier
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN)Odense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
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18
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Yu HL, Li T, Chen FF, Luo XJ, Li A, Yang C, Zheng GW, Xu JH. Bioamination of alkane with ammonium by an artificially designed multienzyme cascade. Metab Eng 2018; 47:184-189. [PMID: 29477859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic C-H amination is one of the most challenging tasks. C-H amination reaction can hardly be driven efficiently by solely one enzyme so far. Thus, enzymatic synergy represents an alternative strategy. Herein, we report an "Artificially Bioamination Pathway" for C-H amination of cyclohexane as a model substrate. Three enzymes, a monooxygenase P450BM3 mutant, an alcohol dehydrogenase ScCR from Streptomyces coelicolor and an amine dehydrogenase EsLeuDH from Exiguobacterium sibiricum, constituted a clean cascade reaction system with easy product isolation. Two independent cofactor regeneration systems were optimized to avoid interference from the endogenous NADH oxidases in the host E. coli cells. Based on a stepwise pH adjustment and ammonium supplement strategy, and using an in vitro mixture of cell-free extracts of the three enzymes, cyclohexylamine was produced in a titer of 14.9 mM, with a product content of up to 92.5%. Furthermore, designer cells coexpressing the three required enzymes were constructed and their capability of alkane bio-amination was examined. This artificially designed bioamination paves an attractive approach for enzymatic synthesis of amines from accessible and cheap alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lei Yu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tuo Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Luo
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Aitao Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Friendship Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Ahmad M, Suhaimi SN, Chu TL, Abdul Aziz N, Mohd Kornain NK, Samiulla DS, Lo KW, Ng CH, Khoo ASB. Ternary copper(II) complex: NCI60 screening, toxicity studies, and evaluation of efficacy in xenograft models of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191295. [PMID: 29329342 PMCID: PMC5766233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(II) ternary complex, [Cu(phen)(C-dmg)(H2O)]NO3 was evaluated against a panel of cell lines, tested for in vivo efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft models as well as for toxicity in NOD scid gamma mice. The Cu(II) complex displayed broad spectrum cytotoxicity against multiple cancer types, including lung, colon, central nervous system, melanoma, ovarian, and prostate cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 panel. The Cu(II) complex did not cause significant induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and 1A enzymes but moderately inhibited CYP isoforms 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2B6, 2C8 and 3A4. The complex significantly inhibited tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft bearing mice models at doses which were well tolerated without causing significant or permanent toxic side effects. However, higher doses which resulted in better inhibition of tumor growth also resulted in toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Ahmad
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shazlan-Noor Suhaimi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tai-Lin Chu
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdul Aziz
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor-Kaslina Mohd Kornain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D. S. Samiulla
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chew-Hee Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (ASBK); (CHN)
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (ASBK); (CHN)
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Fu ZD, Selwyn FP, Cui JY, Klaassen CD. RNA-Seq Profiling of Intestinal Expression of Xenobiotic Processing Genes in Germ-Free Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:1225-1238. [PMID: 28939687 PMCID: PMC5676297 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.077313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria can affect xenobiotic metabolism through both direct bacterial enzyme-catalyzed modification of the xenobiotics and indirect alterations of the expression of host genes. To determine how intestinal bacteria affect the expression of host xenobiotic-processing genes (XPGs), the mRNA profiles of 303 XPGs were characterized by RNA sequencing in four intestinal sections and compared with that in the liver from adult male conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice. Fifty-four XPGs were not expressed in the intestine of either CV or GF mice. The GF condition altered the expression of 116 XPGs in at least one intestinal section but had no effect on 133 XPGs. Many cytochrome P450 family members such as Cyp1a, Cyp2b10, Cyp2c, and most Cyp3a members, as well as carboxylesterase (Ces) 2a were expressed lower in the intestine of GF than CV mice. In contrast, GF mice had higher intestinal expression of some phase I oxidases (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase a1l1 and 4a1, as well as flavin monooxygenase 5) and phase II conjugation enzymes (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a1, and sulfotransferase 1c2, 1d1, and 2b1). Several transporters in the intestine, such as bile acid transporters (apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, organic solute transporter α and β), peptide transporter 1, and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1, exhibited higher expression in GF mice. In conclusion, lack of intestinal bacteria alters the expression of a large number of XPGs in the host intestine, some of which are section specific. Cyp3a is downregulated in both the liver and intestine of GF mice, which probably contributes to altered xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Donna Fu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Felcy P Selwyn
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Zhu M, Wang C, Sun W, Zhou A, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhou X, Huo Y, Li C. Boosting 11-oxo-β-amyrin and glycyrrhetinic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via pairing novel oxidation and reduction system from legume plants. Metab Eng 2017; 45:43-50. [PMID: 29196123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and its precursor, 11-oxo-β-amyrin, are typical triterpenoids found in the roots of licorice, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits diverse functions and physiological effects. In this study, we developed a novel and highly efficient pathway for the synthesis of GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing efficient cytochrome P450s (CYP450s: Uni25647 and CYP72A63) and pairing their reduction systems from legume plants through transcriptome and genome-wide screening and identification. By increasing the copy number of Uni25647 and pairing cytochrome P450 reductases (CPRs) from various plant sources, the titers of 11-oxo-β-amyrin and GA were increased to 108.1 ± 4.6mg/L and 18.9 ± 2.0mg/L, which were nearly 1422-fold and 946.5-fold higher, respectively, compared with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest titers reported for GA and 11-oxo-β-amyrin from S. cerevisiae, indicating an encouraging and promising approach for obtaining increased GA and its related triterpenoids without destroying the licorice plant or the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anqi Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Genlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yixin Huo
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biological Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Henriques de Jesus MPR, Zygadlo Nielsen A, Busck Mellor S, Matthes A, Burow M, Robinson C, Erik Jensen P. Tat proteins as novel thylakoid membrane anchors organize a biosynthetic pathway in chloroplasts and increase product yield 5-fold. Metab Eng 2017; 44:108-116. [PMID: 28962875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis drives the production of ATP and NADPH, and acts as a source of carbon for primary metabolism. NADPH is also used in the production of many natural bioactive compounds. These are usually synthesized in low quantities and are often difficult to produce by chemical synthesis due to their complex structures. Some of the crucial enzymes catalyzing their biosynthesis are the cytochromes P450 (P450s) situated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), powered by electron transfers from NADPH. Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glucoside and its biosynthesis involves a dynamic metabolon formed by two P450s, a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) and a P450 oxidoreductase (POR). Its biosynthetic pathway has been relocated to the chloroplast where ferredoxin, reduced through the photosynthetic electron transport chain, serves as an efficient electron donor to the P450s, bypassing the involvement of POR. Nevertheless, translocation of the pathway from the ER to the chloroplast creates other difficulties, such as the loss of metabolon formation and intermediate diversion into other metabolic pathways. We show here that co-localization of these enzymes in the thylakoid membrane leads to a significant increase in product formation, with a concomitant decrease in off-pathway intermediates. This was achieved by exchanging the membrane anchors of the dhurrin pathway enzymes to components of the Twin-arginine translocation pathway, TatB and TatC, which have self-assembly properties. Consequently, we show 5-fold increased titers of dhurrin and a decrease in the amounts of intermediates and side products in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further, results suggest that targeting the UGT to the membrane is a key factor to achieve efficient substrate channeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perestrello Ramos Henriques de Jesus
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Silas Busck Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Matthes
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Colin Robinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Kato K, Hodgson WJ, Abraham NG, Onodera K, Imai M, Kasai S, Mito M. Expression and Inducibility of Cytochrome P450 Iiia Family within Intrasplenically Transplanted Fetal Hepatocytes. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:117-22. [PMID: 8665072 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of transplantation of hepatocytes into the spleen, interest has focused on the metabolic changes associated with hepatocyte proliferation. As these changes are important for drug metabolism in hepatocytes, we examined the expression and inducibility of the cytochrome P450 IIIA family within transplanted hepatocytes. Fetal hepatocytes were harvested at 20 days of gestation from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and transplanted into recipient adult SHR spleens. Microscopic examination of the recipient spleens 4 and 10 wk after transplantation revealed masses of hepatocytes with cordlike structures in the red pulp. Proliferating hepatocytes were detected with a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemical stain. Immunochemical studies detected cytochromes (cytos) P450 p and P450 HLp in fetal hepatocytes before transplantation without prior induction. And although these cytos were not detected by 10 wk after transplantation, they were induced with dexamethasone. These results demonstrated that fetal hepatocytes can be transplanted successfully into recipient spleens and suggested that fetal hepatocytes grow in the spleen, similar to the adult hepatocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Department of Medicine and Gastrointestinal Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA
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Bondarenko LB, Shayakhmetova GM, Voronina AK, Kovalenko VM. Age-dependent features of CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 functioning at metabolic syndrome. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:603-610. [PMID: 27371822 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex investigations of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms with metabolic syndrome (MS) development are limited, and specific features of adolescent's metabolisms are generally disregarded. The aim of present study was a comparative estimation of MS-mediated changes in CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 mRNA expression and enzymatic activities, as well as antioxidant system parameters of adult and pubertal rats. METHODS Wistar albino male rats of two age categories [young animals of 21 days age (50-70 g) and adults (160-180 g)] were divided into four groups (eight animals in each group): (1) control 1 (intact young rats), (2) control 2 (intact adult rats), (3) MS3 (young rats with MS), and (4) MS4 (adult rats with MS). The MS was induced by full replacement of drinking water by 20% fructose solution (200 g/L). After 60 days of MS modeling, the investigation of rat liver CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 mRNA expressions, their enzyme-marker activities, as well as the antioxidant system parameters was conducted. RESULTS Levels of liver CYP2E1 mRNA expression increased with MS: 40% (adults) and 80% (pubertal rats). Pubertal rats had also increased CYP3A2 mRNA expression (30%) and decreased CYP2C mRNA expression (30%). Changes in CYP2E1 and CYP2C enzymatic activities were consistent with the changes of corresponding gene expressions at both age-groups with MS. Simultaneously, liver reduced glutathione contents, and glutathione transferase and reductase activities were decreased in pubertal animals. CONCLUSIONS CYP isoform expression rates and glutathione system were greatly violated with MS. The greater changes were observed in pubertal rats with MS.
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Liang C, Qie M, Niu R, Sun Z, Wang J, Wang J. Effects of Fluoride on Expression of P450, CREM and ACT Proteins in Rat Testes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:156-160. [PMID: 27234251 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is an essential trace element that humans and animals ingest from water, air, and fluoride-containing products; however, excessive fluoride absorption can damage a variety of organs and tissues, including the male reproductive system. Our previous studies found that fluoride exposure lowered sperm quality and interfered with spermatogenesis; however, the exact mechanism remained unclear. Proteins cytochrome P450 (P450), cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM), and activator of CREM in testis (ACT) play the key roles in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. To investigate whether fluoride affects the expression of P450, CREM, and ACT, we used immunohistochemical techniques to determine expression levels of these proteins in testes of rats administered 100 mg NaF/L for 2 weeks via drinking water. The results showed that P450 expression was decreased while CREM and ACT expression was increased in the fluoride group, compared to the control. These data suggest that fluoride can impair male reproduction by affecting expression of P450, CREM, and ACT in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Mingli Qie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
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Hwang DY, Cho JS, Oh JH, Shim SB, Jee SW, Lee SH, Seo SJ, Kang HG, Sheen YY, Lee SH, Kim YK. An In Vivo Bioassay for Detecting Antiandrogens Using Humanized Transgenic Mice Coexpressing the Tetracycline-Controlled Transactivator and Human CYP1B1 Gene. Int J Toxicol 2016; 24:157-64. [PMID: 16040568 DOI: 10.1080/10915810590948370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The typical strategy used in analysis of antiandrogens involves the morphological changes of a marker in castrated rats Hershberger assay for the prostate, seminal vesicle, levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC), Cowper’s gland, and glans penis. However, there are disadvantages to this approach, such as the time required, and the results may not correspond to those in actual human exposure. To evaluate its ability for detecting antiandrogens, in vivo the dose effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and time effect of five antiandrogens, DEHP, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), linuron (3-(4-dichlorophenyl)-methoxy-1-methylurea), and 2,4′-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2-( p-chlorophenyl)-2-( o-chlorophenyl)ethylene), were investigated using humanized transgenic mice coexpressing tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) and the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP1B1 (hCYP1B1). Adult transgenic males were treated with each of the five antiandrogens, and their tTA-driven hCYP1B1 expressions analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or Western blot and for O-debenzylation activity. Herein, the treatments of adult males with the five antiandrogens were shown to affect the increased levels of tTA-driven hCYP1B1 expression in both dose-dependent and repeated experiments. Thus, this novel in vivo bioassay, using humanized transgenic mice, is useful for measuring antiandrogens, and is a means to a more relevant bioas-say relating to actual human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Y Hwang
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Korea Food and Drug Administration, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Eunpyng-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Cang X, Liu Z. Expression induction of P450 genes by imidacloprid in Nilaparvata lugens: A genome-scale analysis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2016; 132:59-64. [PMID: 27521914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of P450 monooxygenase genes is a main mechanism for the resistance to imidacloprid, a representative neonicotinoid insecticide, in Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper, BPH). However, only two P450 genes (CYP6AY1 and CYP6ER1), among fifty-four P450 genes identified from BPH genome database, have been reported to play important roles in imidacloprid resistance until now. In this study, after the confirmation of important roles of P450s in imidacloprid resistance by the synergism analysis, the expression induction by imidacloprid was determined for all P450 genes. In the susceptible (Sus) strain, eight P450 genes in Clade4, eight in Clade3 and two in Clade2 were up-regulated by imidacloprid, among which three genes (CYP6CS1, CYP6CW1 and CYP6ER1, all in Clade3) were increased to above 4.0-fold and eight genes to above 2.0-fold. In contrast, no P450 genes were induced in Mito clade. Eight genes induced to above 2.0-fold were selected to determine their expression and induced levels in Huzhou population, in which piperonyl butoxide showed the biggest effects on imidacloprid toxicity among eight field populations. The expression levels of seven P450 genes were higher in Huzhou population than that in Sus strain, with the biggest differences for CYP6CS1 (9.8-fold), CYP6ER1 (7.7-fold) and CYP6AY1 (5.1-fold). The induction levels for all tested genes were bigger in Sus strain than that in Huzhou population except CYP425B1. Screening the induction of P450 genes by imidacloprid in the genome-scale will provide an overall view on the possible metabolic factors in the resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. The further work, such as the functional study of recombinant proteins, will be performed to validate the roles of these P450s in imidacloprid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanxue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinzhu Cang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Xu SF, Wu Q, Zhang BB, Li H, Xu YS, Du YZ, Wei LX, Liu J. Comparison of mercury sulfides with mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic P450, phase-2 and transporter gene expression in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 37:37-43. [PMID: 27473830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zuotai (mainly β-HgS) and Zhusha (also called as cinnabar, mainly α-HgS) are used in traditional medicines in combination with herbs or even drugs in the treatment of various disorders, while mercury chloride (HgCl2) and methylmercury (MeHg) do not have known medical values but are highly toxic. This study aimed to compare the effects of mercury sulfides with HgCl2 and MeHg on hepatic drug processing gene expression. Mice were orally administrated with Zuotai (β-HgS, 30mg/kg), α-HgS (HgS, 30mg/kg), HgCl2 (33.6mg/kg), or MeHg (3.1mg/kg) for 7days, and the expression of genes related to phase-1 drug metabolism (P450), phase-2 conjugation, and phase-3 (transporters) genes were examined. The mercurials at the dose and duration used in the study did not have significant effects on the expression of cytochrome P450 1-4 family genes and the corresponding nuclear receptors, except for a slight increase in PPARα and Cyp4a10 by HgCl2. The expressions of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase were increased by HgCl2 and MeHg, but not by Zuotai and HgS. HgCl2 decreased the expression of organic anion transporter (Oatp1a1), but increased Oatp1a4. Both HgCl2 and MeHg increased the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein genes (Mrp1, Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4). Zuotai and HgS had little effects on these transporter genes. In conclusion, Zuotai and HgS are different from HgCl2 and MeHg in hepatic drug processing gene expression; suggesting that chemical forms of mercury not only affect their disposition and toxicity, but also affect their effects on the expression of hepatic drug processing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Xu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Q Wu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - B B Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Y S Xu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Y Z Du
- Northwest Plateau Institute of biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - L X Wei
- Northwest Plateau Institute of biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.
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Konishi H, Tanaka K, Minouchi T, Yamaji A. Urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/17-hydroxycorticosteroids ratio as a measure of hepatic CYP3A4 capacity after enzyme induction. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 41:335-7. [PMID: 15298747 DOI: 10.1258/0004563041201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The correlation between the urinary 6 β-hydroxycortisol/17-hydroxycorticosteroids (6 β-OHF/17-OHCS) ratio and the metabolic capacity of the most abundant form of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) after induction remains unclear. Methods: Concentrations of 6 β-OHF and 17-OHCS in spot urine specimens obtained from 61 epileptic children receiving continuous carbamazepine therapy were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between the urinary 6 β-OHF/17-OHCS ratio and the serum carbamazepine concentration, corrected for dose and body weight, was examined. Results: Serum carbamazepine was inversely associated with the urinary 6 β-OHF/17-OHCS ratio, and the hyperbolic relationship between the two parameters was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). Discussion: Carbamazepine is well known as a potent inducer and a substrate of hepatic CYP3A4. The present results suggest that measurement of the urinary 6 βOHF/17-OHCS ratio is helpful for assessing individuals' hepatic CYP3A4 capacity after enzyme induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Konishi
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) play an important role in metabolism and clearance of most clinically utilized drugs and other xenobiotics. They are important in metabolism of endogenous compounds including fatty acids, sterols, steroids and lipid-soluble vitamins. Dietary factors such as phytochemicals are capable of affecting CYP expression and activity, which may be important in diet-drug interactions and in the development of fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. One important diet-CYP interaction is with diets containing plant proteins, particularly soy protein. Soy diets are traditionally consumed in Asian countries and are linked to lower incidence of several cancers and of cardiovascular disease in Asian populations. Soy is also an important protein source in vegetarian and vegan diets and the sole protein source in soy infant formulas. Recent studies suggest that consumption of soy can inhibit induction of CY1 enzymes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which may contribute to cancer prevention. In addition, there are data to suggest that soy components promiscuously activate several nuclear receptors including PXR, PPAR and LXR resulting in increased expression of CYP3As, CYP4As and CYPs involved in metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids. Such soy-CYP interactions may alter drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy and are associated with improved lipid homeostasis and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The current review summarizes results from in vitro; in vivo and clinical studies of soy-CYP interactions and examines the evidence linking the effects of soy diets on CYP expression to isoflavone phytoestrogens, particularly, genistein and daidzein that are associated with soy protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J J Ronis
- a Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
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31
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Inhibitors and inducers of CYP enzymes and P-Glycoprotein. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2016; 58:e46-7. [PMID: 27027691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Wang H, Fan Z, Zhao M, Li J, Lu M, Liu W, Ying H, Liu M, Yan J. Oscillating primary transcripts harbor miRNAs with circadian functions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21598. [PMID: 26898952 PMCID: PMC4761921 DOI: 10.1038/srep21598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of miRNAs as important post-transcriptional regulators in the circadian clock have been suggested in several studies. But the search for circadian miRNAs has led to disparate results. Here we demonstrated that at least 57 miRNA primary transcripts are rhythmically transcribed in mouse liver. Most of these transcripts are under the regulation of circadian transcription factors such as BMAL1/CLOCK and REV-ERBα/β. However, the mature miRNAs derived from these transcripts are either not oscillating or oscillating at low amplitudes, which could explain the inconsistency of different circadian miRNA studies. In order to show that these circadian primary transcripts can give rise to miRNAs with circadian functions, we over-expressed one of them, miR-378, in mouse by adenovirus injection. We found a significant over-representation of circadian oscillating genes under-expressed by miR-378 over-expression in liver. In particular, we observed that miR-378 modulates the oscillation amplitudes of Cdkn1a in the control of cell cycle and Por in the regulation of oxidation reduction by forming partnership with different circadian transcription factors. Our study suggests that circadian transcription of miRNA at primary transcript level can be a good indicator for circadian miRNA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zenghua Fan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Minghua Lu
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mofang Liu
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
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Maldonado A, Johnson A, Gochfeld D, Slattery M, Ostrander GK, Bingham JP, Schlenk D. Hard coral (Porites lobata) extracts and homarine on cytochrome P450 expression in Hawaiian butterflyfishes with different feeding strategies. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:57-63. [PMID: 26297807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dietary specialists tend to be less susceptible to the effects of chemical defenses produced by their prey compared to generalist predators that feed upon a broader range of prey species. While many researchers have investigated the ability of insects to detoxify dietary allelochemicals, little research has been conducted in marine ecosystems. We investigated metabolic detoxification pathways in three species of butterflyfishes: the hard coral specialist feeder, Chaetodon multicinctus, and two generalist feeders, Chaetodon auriga and Chaetodon kleinii. Each species was fed tissue homogenate of the hard coral Porites lobata or the feeding deterrent compound homarine (found in the coral extract), and the expression and catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A-like and CYP2-like enzymes were examined after one-week of treatment. The P. lobata homogenate significantly induced content and catalytic activity of CYP2-like and CYP3A-like forms, by 2-3 fold and by 3-9 fold, respectively, in C. multicinctus. Homarine caused a significant decrease of CYP2-like and CYP3A-like proteins at the high dose in C. kleinii and 60-80% mortality in that species. Homarine also induced CYP3A-like content by 3-fold and catalytic activity by 2-fold in C. auriga, while causing non-monotonic increases in CYP2-like and CYP3A-like catalytic activity in C. multicinctus. Our results indicate that dietary exposure to coral homogenates and the feeding deterrent constituent within these homogenates caused species-specific modulation of detoxification enzymes consistent with the prey selection strategies of generalist and specialist butterflyfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Maldonado
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, 2258 Geology, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Amber Johnson
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, 2258 Geology, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Deborah Gochfeld
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of BioMolecular Science, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Marc Slattery
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of BioMolecular Science, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Gary K Ostrander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1330, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Ag. Science 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, 2258 Geology, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Wang L, Peng Y, Nie X, Pan B, Ku P, Bao S. Gene response of CYP360A, CYP314, and GST and whole-organism changes in Daphnia magna exposed to ibuprofen. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 179:49-56. [PMID: 26342857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The fate and ecological impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in aquatic environments has gained increasingly concern recently. However, limited information is provided about the toxicity mechanism of NSAIDs to aquatic invertebrates. In the present study, we investigated the expression of CYP360A, CYP314, and GST genes involved in the detoxification process and the responses of their associated enzymes activity, as well as whole-organism changes in Daphnia magna exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen (IBU). Results showed that the total amount of eggs produced per female, total number of brood per female, and body length were significantly decreased under IBU exposure, suggesting the effects of chronic IBU exposure on growth and reproduction of D. magna cannot be ignored. In gene expression level, the CYP360A gene, homologue to CYP3A in mammalian, showed inhibition at low concentration of IBU (0.5μg·L(-1)) and induction at high concentration of IBU (50μg·L(-1)). GST gene also exhibited a similar performance to CYP3A. CYP314 displayed inhibition for short time exposure (6h) and induced with prolonged exposure time (48h) at low concentration of IBU (0.5μg·L(-1)). Erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (APND) related to cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYPs) were inhibited for short time exposure (6h) to IBU and then activated with prolonged exposure time (48h) at low concentration of IBU (0.5μg·L(-1)), while EROD showed a dose-dependent pattern under IBU exposure. As for antioxidative system, induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) was observed in short-term exposure to IBU. Meanwhile, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content increased with the increasing IBU concentration and the delayed exposure time, displaying obvious dose- and time-dependent pattern. In summary, IBU significantly altered some physiological and biochemical parameters and genes expressions associated with detoxification metabolism in D. magna, the integrated approach combining the response in molecule levels with the performance of the whole organism can help elucidate the toxic effects of IBU and provide more insight into the exact mechanism of toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Benben Pan
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,China
| | - Shuang Bao
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632,China
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Yan T, Lu L, Xie C, Chen J, Peng X, Zhu L, Wang Y, Li Q, Shi J, Zhou F, Hu M, Liu Z. Severely Impaired and Dysregulated Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Personalized Treatment in Patients. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2874-86. [PMID: 26516155 PMCID: PMC4674380 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to systematically determine the activities and expressions of cytochrome P450s (CYP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients to support their optimal use in personalized treatment of HCC. Activities of seven major drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes (CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4) were determined in tumors and pericarcinomatous tissues harvested from 26 patients with hepatitis B virus-positive HCC using probe substrates. Protein and mRNA levels of these CYPs were also measured using isotope label-free LC/MS-MS method and real-time PCR, respectively. Maximal metabolic velocity (Vmax) of CYP probe substrates was decreased by 2.5- to 30-fold in tumor microsomes, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in their protein and mRNA expression levels. However, Km values and turnover numbers of substrates in tumor microsomes were not changed. High correlations between activities and CYP protein levels were also observed, but the correlation between activities and mRNA levels was often poor. There was a major decrease in the degree of correlation in CYP expression in tumor tissues, suggesting that CYP expression levels are greatly disrupted by the tumorigenic process. Our unprecedented systemic study of the effects of HCC on CYPs demonstrated that activities of CYPs were seriously impaired and their expression patterns were severely altered by HCC. We proposed that determination of the CYP protein expression profile by LC/MS-MS in each patient is a promising approach that can be clinically used for individualized treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Wei K, Wang L, Zhang C, Wu L, Li H, Zhang F, Cheng H. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase and Flavonoid 3',5'-Hydroxylase Genes in Affecting the Ratio of Dihydroxylated to Trihydroxylated Catechins in Camellia sinensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137925. [PMID: 26367395 PMCID: PMC4569414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of dihydroxylated to trihydroxylated catechins (RDTC) is an important indicator of tea quality and biochemical marker for the study of genetic diversity. It is reported to be under genetic control but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) are key enzymes involved in the formation of dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins. The transcriptome and HPLC analysis of tea samples from Longjing43 and Zhonghuang2 under control and shading treatment were performed to assess the F3′H and F3′5′H genes that might affect RDTC. A total of 74.7 million reads of mRNA seq (2×101bp) data were generated. After de novo assembly, 109,909 unigenes were obtained, and 39,982 of them were annotated using 7 public databases. Four key F3′H and F3′5′H genes (including CsF3′5′H1, CsF3′H1, CsF3′H2 and CsF3′H3) were identified to be closely correlated with RDTC. Shading treatment had little effect on RDTC, which was attributed to the stable expression of these key F3′H and F3′5′H genes. The correlation of the coexpression of four key genes and RDTC was further confirmed among 13 tea varieties by real time PCR and HPLC analysis. The coexpression of three F3′H genes and a F3′5′H gene may play a key role in affecting RDTC in Camellia sinensis. The current results may establish valuable foundation for further research about the mechanism controlling catechin composition in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hailin Li
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
- * E-mail:
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Hunter FW, Young RJ, Shalev Z, Vellanki RN, Wang J, Gu Y, Joshi N, Sreebhavan S, Weinreb I, Goldstein DP, Moffat J, Ketela T, Brown KR, Koritzinsky M, Solomon B, Rischin D, Wilson WR, Wouters BG. Identification of P450 Oxidoreductase as a Major Determinant of Sensitivity to Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4211-23. [PMID: 26297733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis W Hunter
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Young
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zvi Shalev
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi N Vellanki
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingli Wang
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yongchuan Gu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. AnQual Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Naveen Joshi
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sreevalsan Sreebhavan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilan Weinreb
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianne Koritzinsky
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Zolfaghari R, Ross AC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in coordination with retinoic acid receptors increases all-trans-retinoic acid-dependent CYP26A1 gene expression in HepG2 human hepatocytes. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1740-51. [PMID: 24819304 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CYP26A1 expression is very highly induced by retinoic acid (RA) in the liver, compared to most other tissues, suggesting that a liver-enriched factor may be required for its physiological transcriptional response. HNF4α is a highly conserved liver-specific/enriched member of nuclear receptor superfamily. In this study, we hypothesized that HNF4α and RARs may cooperate in an RA-dependent manner to induce a high level of CYP26A1 expression in liver cells. Partial inhibition of endogenous HNF4α by siRNA reduced the level of RA-induced CYP26A1 mRNA in HepG2 cells. Cotransfection of HNF4α, with or without RARs, demonstrated RA-dependent activation of a human CYP26A1 promoter-luciferase construct. Analysis of a 2.5-kbp putative CYP26A1 promoter sequence identified five potential HNF4α DNA response elements: H1 located in a proximal region overlapping with an RAR element-1 (RARE1 or R1); H2 and H3 in the distal region, close to RARE2 (R2) and RARE3 (R3); and H4 and H5 in intermediary regions. In EMSA and ChIP analyses HNF4α and RARs binding in the proximal and distal CYP26A1 promoter regions was significantly higher in RA-treated cells. Mutational analysis of the individual HNF4α DNA-response elements identified H1 as the major site for HNF4α binding because mutation of H1 inhibited the promoter activity by ~90%, followed by H2 mutation with less than 40% inhibition. Our results indicate that HNF4α coordinates with RARs in an RA-dependent manner to strongly induce CYP26A1 gene expression in the liver, which may explain the high level of response to RA observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Sun W, Valero MC, Seong KM, Steele LD, Huang IT, Lee CH, Clark JM, Qiu X, Pittendrigh BR. A glycine insertion in the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is associated with enhanced expression of three cytochrome P450 genes in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118779. [PMID: 25761142 PMCID: PMC4356566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strains represent a resource for the discovery of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cytochrome P450 constitutive over-expression, even if some of these P450s are not directly involved in the resistance phenotype. For example, in select 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistant strains the glucocorticoid receptor-like (GR-like) potential transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs) have previously been shown to be associated with constitutively differentially-expressed cytochrome P450s, Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. However, insects are not known to have glucocorticoids. The only ortholog to the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in D. melanogaster is an estrogen-related receptor (ERR) gene, which has two predicted alternative splice isoforms (ERRa and ERRb). Sequencing of ERRa and ERRb in select DDT susceptible and resistant D. melanogaster strains has revealed a glycine (G) codon insertion which was only observed in the ligand binding domain of ERR from the resistant strains tested (ERR-G). Transgenic flies, expressing the ERRa-G allele, constitutively over-expressed Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. Only Cyp12d1 and Cyp6g2 were over-expressed in the ERRb-G transgenic flies. Phylogenetic studies show that the G-insertion appeared to be located in a less conserved domain in ERR and this insertion is found in multiple species across the Sophophora subgenera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - M. Carmen Valero
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Steele
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - I-Ting Huang
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
| | - Chien-Hui Lee
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
| | - John M. Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States of America
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
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Yu L, Tang W, He W, Ma X, Vasseur L, Baxter SW, Yang G, Huang S, Song F, You M. Characterization and expression of the cytochrome P450 gene family in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Sci Rep 2015; 5:8952. [PMID: 25752830 PMCID: PMC5155450 DOI: 10.1038/srep08952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are present in almost all organisms and can play vital roles in hormone regulation, metabolism of xenobiotics and in biosynthesis or inactivation of endogenous compounds. In the present study, a genome-wide approach was used to identify and analyze the P450 gene family of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, a destructive worldwide pest of cruciferous crops. We identified 85 putative cytochrome P450 genes from the P. xylostella genome, including 84 functional genes and 1 pseudogene. These genes were classified into 26 families and 52 subfamilies. A phylogenetic tree constructed with three additional insect species shows extensive gene expansions of P. xylostella P450 genes from clans 3 and 4. Gene expression of cytochrome P450s was quantified across multiple developmental stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) and tissues (head and midgut) using P. xylostella strains susceptible or resistant to insecticides chlorpyrifos and fiprinol. Expression of the lepidopteran specific CYP367s predominantly occurred in head tissue suggesting a role in either olfaction or detoxification. CYP340s with abundant transposable elements and relatively high expression in the midgut probably contribute to the detoxification of insecticides or plant toxins in P. xylostella. This study will facilitate future functional studies of the P. xylostella P450s in detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiyi He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon W. Baxter
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Guang Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiguo Huang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengqin Song
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Vilanova-Costa CAST, Porto HKP, Pereira LCG, Carvalho BP, Dos Santos WB, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. MDR1 and cytochrome P450 gene-expression profiles as markers of chemosensitivity in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells treated with cisplatin and Ru(III) metallocomplexes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:39-47. [PMID: 25253429 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a major type of cancer affecting a significant segment of the population, and especially children. In fact, leukemia is the most frequent childhood cancer, with 26 % of all cases, and 20 % mortality. The multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR) is considered one of the major causes of failure in cancer chemotherapy. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of MDR1 and CYP450 genes in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K-562) treated with cisplatin (cisPt) and two ruthenium-based coordinated complexes [cisCRu(III) and cisDRu(III)]. The tested compounds induced apoptosis in K-562 tumor cells as evidenced by caspase 3 activation. Results also revealed that the amplification of P-gp gene is greater in K-562 cells exposed to cisPt and cisCRu(III) than cisDRu(III). Taken together, all these results strongly demonstrate that MDR-1 overexpression in K-562 cells could be associated to a MDR phenotype, and moreover, it is also contributing to the platinum and structurally related compound, resistance in these cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/biosynthesis
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Ruthenium/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago Vilanova-Costa
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Campus Samambaia (Campus II), Cx. Postal: 131, Goiânia, GO, 74001-970, Brazil,
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Murayama N, Usui T, Slawny N, Chesné C, Yamazaki H. Human HepaRG Cells can be Cultured in Hanging-drop Plates for Cytochrome P450 Induction and Function Assays. Drug Metab Lett 2015; 9:3-7. [PMID: 25600204 DOI: 10.2174/1872312809666150119104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent guidance/guidelines for industry recommend that cytochrome P450 induction can be assessed using human hepatocyte enzyme activity and/or mRNA levels to evaluate potential drug- drug interactions. To evaluate time-dependent cytochrome P450 induction precisely, induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 mRNA was confirmed (>2-fold) by the treatment with omeprazole, phenobarbital, and rifampicin, respectively, for 24 or 48 h on day 3 from the start of culture. After 24 h, the fold induction of CYP1A2 with 3.6 and 1.8x10(4) HepaRG cells per well was lower than that for 7.2x10(4) cells. CYP1A2 induction levels at 24 h were higher than those after 48 h. In contrast, higher CYP2B6 inductions were confirmed after 48 h exposure than after 24 h, independent of the number of cells per well. To help reduce the use of human cryopreserved hepatocytes, typical P450-dependent enzyme activities were investigated in human HepaRG cells cultured in commercial hanging-drop plates. Newly designed 96-well hanging-drop plates were capable of maintaining human CYP3A-dependent midazolam hydroxylation activities for up to 4 days using only 10% of the recommended initial 7.2x10(4) cells per well. Favorable HepaRG function using hanging-drop plates was confirmed by detecting 1'- hydroxymidazolam O-glucuronide on day 3, suggesting an improvement over traditional control plates in which this metabolite can be detected for 24-well plates. These results suggest that the catalytic function and/or induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 can be readily assessed with reduced numbers of starting HepaRG cells cultured in three-dimensional cultures in drops prepared with hanging-drop plates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Rodrigues RM, De Kock J, Doktorova TY, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T. Measurement of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction and Inhibition in Human Hepatoma Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1250:279-285. [PMID: 26272150 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2074-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a diverse group of catalytic enzymes in the liver that are mainly responsible for the biotransformation of organic substances. Cytochrome P450 activity as well as both its induction and inhibition are key factors in drug biotransformation and can be involved in deactivation, activation, detoxification and toxification processes. Thus, the modulation of cytochrome P450 activity is an important parameter when evaluating the potential toxicity of chemical compounds using an in vitro system. The cytochrome P450 3A subfamily proteins are among the most important drug-metabolizing enzymes in human liver and are responsible for about half of all cytochrome P450-dependent drug oxidations. In vitro, these enzymes are active not only in primary human hepatocyte cultures, but also in differentiated human hepatoma HepaRG cells. The present protocol describes the culture of cryopreserved differentiated HepaRG cells and the evaluation of its cytochrome P450 activity upon exposure to a chemical compound using a commercially available luminogenic cytochrome P450 assay. This in vitro model can be used to monitor the induction and inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A following exposure to a particular test compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium,
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Wei K, Wang L, Zhang C, Wu L, Li H, Zhang F, Cheng H. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase and Flavonoid 3',5'-Hydroxylase Genes in Affecting the Ratio of Dihydroxylated to Trihydroxylated Catechins in Camellia sinensis. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26367395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.00137925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ratio of dihydroxylated to trihydroxylated catechins (RDTC) is an important indicator of tea quality and biochemical marker for the study of genetic diversity. It is reported to be under genetic control but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) are key enzymes involved in the formation of dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins. The transcriptome and HPLC analysis of tea samples from Longjing43 and Zhonghuang2 under control and shading treatment were performed to assess the F3'H and F3'5'H genes that might affect RDTC. A total of 74.7 million reads of mRNA seq (2×101bp) data were generated. After de novo assembly, 109,909 unigenes were obtained, and 39,982 of them were annotated using 7 public databases. Four key F3'H and F3'5'H genes (including CsF3'5'H1, CsF3'H1, CsF3'H2 and CsF3'H3) were identified to be closely correlated with RDTC. Shading treatment had little effect on RDTC, which was attributed to the stable expression of these key F3'H and F3'5'H genes. The correlation of the coexpression of four key genes and RDTC was further confirmed among 13 tea varieties by real time PCR and HPLC analysis. The coexpression of three F3'H genes and a F3'5'H gene may play a key role in affecting RDTC in Camellia sinensis. The current results may establish valuable foundation for further research about the mechanism controlling catechin composition in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hailin Li
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
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Dai DP, Geng PW, Cai J, Wang SH, Nic JJ, Hu JH, Hu GX, Cai JP. 293FT is a highly suitable mammalian cell line for the in vitro enzymatic activity analysis of typical P450 proteins. Pharmazie 2015; 70:33-37. [PMID: 25975096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have been widely used for the in vitro evaluation of the functional effect of allelic variants of cytochrome P450 (CYP). The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable mammalian cell line for the in vitro drug metabolism analysis of CYP variants. Three reported cell lines (COS-7, HepG2, 293T) and one fast-growing variant of the 293 cell line 293FT were transfected with vectors expressing green fluorescent protein or typical variants of CYP2C9, CYP2C19 or CYP2D6 to investigate the protein expression levels and the catalytic activity of expressed CYP allelic variants. The transfected 293FT cells had the highest protein expression level and exhibited the highest enzymatic activity, while HepG2 cells showed the lowest activity among the four tested cell lines. Simultaneously, 293FT cells still maintained the similar relative enzymatic ratio among three typical CYP2C9 variants to that of the commonly used COS-7 cells. In addition, 293FT cells could also be used for the in vitro functional evaluation of two other typical P450 proteins, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Therefore, the 293FT cell line is more suitable for the in vitro enzymatic activity analysis of typical P450 proteins than any other reported mammalian cell lines.
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Laing R, Bartley DJ, Morrison AA, Rezansoff A, Martinelli A, Laing ST, Gilleard JS. The cytochrome P450 family in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus. Int J Parasitol 2014; 45:243-51. [PMID: 25558056 PMCID: PMC4365919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Haemonchus contortus genome encodes a large family of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Haemonchus contortus lacks the dramatic CYP family expansions seen in Caenorhabditis elegans. Haemonchus contortus orthologues of C. elegans CYPs share similar expression profiles. The majority of H. contortus CYPs are most highly expressed in larval stages. The parasite intestine is a major site of CYP expression.
Haemonchus contortus, a highly pathogenic and economically important parasitic nematode of sheep, is particularly adept at developing resistance to the anthelmintic drugs used in its treatment and control. The basis of anthelmintic resistance is poorly understood for many commonly used drugs with most research being focused on mechanisms involving drug targets or drug efflux. Altered or increased drug metabolism is a possible mechanism that has yet to receive much attention despite the clear role of xenobiotic metabolism in pesticide resistance in insects. The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a large family of drug-metabolising enzymes present in almost all living organisms, but for many years thought to be absent from parasitic nematodes. In this paper, we describe the CYP sequences encoded in the H. contortus genome and compare their expression in different parasite life-stages, sexes and tissues. We developed a novel real-time PCR approach based on partially assembled CYP sequences “tags” and confirmed findings in the subsequent draft genome with RNA-seq. Constitutive expression was highest in larval stages for the majority of CYPs, although higher expression was detected in the adult male or female for a small subset of genes. Many CYPs were expressed in the worm intestine. A number of H. contortus genes share high identity with Caenorhabditis elegans CYPs and the similarity in their expression profiles supports their classification as putative orthologues. Notably, H. contortus appears to lack the dramatic CYP subfamily expansions seen in C. elegans and other species, which are typical of CYPs with exogenous roles. However, a small group of H. contortus genes cluster with the C. elegans CYP34 and CYP35 subfamilies and may represent candidate xenobiotic metabolising genes in the parasite.
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Hlaváč V, Brynychová V, Václavíková R, Ehrlichová M, Vrána D, Pecha V, Trnková M, Kodet R, Mrhalová M, Kubáčková K, Gatěk J, Vážan P, Souček P. The role of cytochromes p450 and aldo-keto reductases in prognosis of breast carcinoma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e255. [PMID: 25526449 PMCID: PMC4603110 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of anticancer drugs affects their antitumor effects. This study has investigated the associations of gene expression of enzymes metabolizing anticancer drugs with therapy response and survival of breast carcinoma patients. Gene expression of 13 aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), carbonyl reductase 1, and 10 cytochromes P450 (CYPs) was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in tumors and paired adjacent nonneoplastic tissues from 68 posttreatment breast carcinoma patients. Eleven candidate genes were then evaluated in an independent series of 50 pretreatment patients. Protein expression of the most significant genes was confirmed by immunoblotting. AKR1A1 was significantly overexpressed and AKR1C1-4, KCNAB1, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 downregulated in tumors compared with control nonneoplastic tissues after correction for multiple testing. Significant association of CYP2B6 transcript levels in tumors with expression of hormonal receptors was found in the posttreatment set and replicated in the pretreatment set of patients. Significantly higher intratumoral levels of AKR1C1, AKR1C2, or CYP2W1 were found in responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with nonresponders. Patients with high AKR7A3 or CYP2B6 levels in the pretreatment set had significantly longer disease-free survival than patients with low levels. Protein products of AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR7A3, CYP3A4, and carbonyl reductase (CBR1) were found in tumors and those of AKR1C1, AKR7A3, and CBR1 correlated with their transcript levels. Small interfering RNA-directed knockdown of AKR1C2 or vector-mediated upregulation of CYP3A4 in MDA-MB-231 model cell line had no effect on cell proliferation after paclitaxel treatment in vitro. Prognostic and predictive roles of drug-metabolizing enzymes strikingly differ between posttreatment and pretreatment breast carcinoma patients. Mechanisms of action of AKR1C2, AKR7A3, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CBR1 should continue to be further followed in breast carcinoma patients and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Hlaváč
- From the Toxicogenomics Unit (VH, VB, RV, ME, DV, PS), National Institute of Public Health; 3rd Faculty of Medicine (VH, VB, ME), Charles University, Prague; Department of Oncology (DV), Palacky University Medical School and Teaching Hospital, Olomouc; Institute for the Care for Mother and Child (VP); Biolab Praha, Ltd (MT); Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine (RK, MM); Department of Oncology (KK), University Hospital Motol, Prague; Department of Surgery (JG), Hospital Atlas; Tomas Bata University (JG); and Department of Pathology (PV), VELAB Ltd, Zlin, Czech Republic
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Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the main active metabolite of vitamin A, is a powerful signaling molecule that regulates large-scale morphogenetic processes during vertebrate embryonic development, but is also involved post-natally in regulating neural plasticity and cognition. In songbirds, it plays an important role in the maturation of learned song. The distribution of the ATRA-synthesizing enzyme, zRalDH, and of ATRA receptors (RARs) have been described, but information on the distribution of other components of the retinoid signaling pathway is still lacking. To address this gap, we have determined the expression patterns of two obligatory RAR co-receptors, the retinoid X receptors (RXR) α and γ, and of the three ATRA-degrading cytochromes CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1. We have also studied the distribution of zRalDH protein using immunohistochemistry, and generated a refined map of ATRA localization, using a modified reporter cell assay to examine entire brain sections. Our results show that (1) ATRA is more broadly distributed in the brain than previously predicted by the spatially restricted distribution of zRalDH transcripts. This could be due to long-range transport of zRalDH enzyme between different nuclei of the song system: Experimental lesions of putative zRalDH peptide source regions diminish ATRA-induced transcription in target regions. (2) Four telencephalic song nuclei express different and specific subsets of retinoid-related receptors and could be targets of retinoid regulation; in the case of the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (lMAN), receptor expression is dynamically regulated in a circadian and age-dependent manner. (3) High-order auditory areas exhibit a complex distribution of transcripts representing ATRA synthesizing and degrading enzymes and could also be a target of retinoid signaling. Together, our survey across multiple connected song nuclei and auditory brain regions underscores the prominent role of retinoid signaling in modulating the circuitry that underlies the acquisition and production of learned vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina C. Roeske
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Constance Scharff
- Department of Animal Behavior, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher R. Olson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Arpik Nshdejan
- Department of Animal Behavior, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudio V. Mello
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Al-Jenoobi FI, Korashy HM, Ahad A, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Alam MA, Al-Suwayeh SA, Alkharfy KM. Potential inhibitory effect of herbal medicines on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 2D gene expression and metabolic activity. Pharmazie 2014; 69:799-803. [PMID: 25985573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of some commonly used medicinal herbs on the regulation of rat CYP2D gene expression and its metabolic activity. Wistar albino rats were treated for seven consecutive days with selected doses of five commonly used herbs (Trigonella foenum-graecum, Ferula asafoetida, Nigella sativa, Commiphora myrrha and Lepidium sativum). Thereafter, rat livers were harvested and CYP2D mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. The metabolic activity of CYP2D was performed on rat hepatic microsomes using dextromethorphan as specific substrate. All investigated herbs produced inhibition of CYP2D mRNA expression and metabolic activity. The inhibitory potential of investigated herbs on rat CYP2D mRNA was in the following order: Commiphora myrrha > Nigella sativa > Lepidium sativum > Trigonella foenum-graecum > Ferula asafoetida. Whereas, the inhibitory potential of investigated herbs on CYP2D mediated enzyme metabolic activity was found in following order: Nigella sativa > Lepidium sativum > Trigonella foenum-graecum > Commiphora myrrha > Ferula asafoetida. The current study shows that only used herbs reduce CYP2D activity in rat liver microsomes at the transcriptional levels. Such effects could lead to undesirable pharmacological effects of clinically used low therapeutic index CYP2D substrate drugs.
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Killiny N, Hajeri S, Tiwari S, Gowda S, Stelinski LL. Double-stranded RNA uptake through topical application, mediates silencing of five CYP4 genes and suppresses insecticide resistance in Diaphorina citri. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110536. [PMID: 25330026 PMCID: PMC4203802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of genes through RNA interference (RNAi) in insects has gained momentum during the past few years. RNAi has been used to cause insect mortality, inhibit insect growth, increase insecticide susceptibility, and prevent the development of insecticide resistance. We investigated the efficacy of topically applied dsRNA to induce RNAi for five Cytochrome P450 genes family 4 (CYP4) in Diaphorina citri. We previously reported that these CYP4 genes are associated with the development of insecticide resistance in D. citri. We targeted five CYP4 genes that share a consensus sequence with one dsRNA construct. Quantitative PCR confirmed suppressed expression of the five CYP4 genes as a result of dsRNA topically applied to the thoracic region of D. citri when compared to the expression levels in a control group. Western blot analysis indicated a reduced signal of cytochrome P450 proteins (45 kDa) in adult D. citri treated with the dsRNA. In addition, oxidase activity and insecticide resistance were reduced for D. citri treated with dsRNA that targeted specific CYP4 genes. Mortality was significantly higher in adults treated with dsRNA than in adults treated with water. Our results indicate that topically applied dsRNA can penetrate the cuticle of D. citri and induce RNAi. These results broaden the scope of RNAi as a mechanism to manage pests by targeting a broad range of genes. The results also support the application of RNAi as a viable tool to overcome insecticide resistance development in D. citri populations. However, further research is needed to develop grower-friendly delivery systems for the application of dsRNA under field conditions. Considering the high specificity of dsRNA, this tool can also be used for management of D. citri by targeting physiologically critical genes involved in growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Subhas Hajeri
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Tiwari
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Siddarame Gowda
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lukasz L. Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
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