1
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Bolay P, Dodge N, Janssen K, Jensen PE, Lindberg P. Tailoring regulatory components for metabolic engineering in cyanobacteria. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14316. [PMID: 38686633 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The looming climate crisis has prompted an ever-growing interest in cyanobacteria due to their potential as sustainable production platforms for the synthesis of energy carriers and value-added chemicals from CO2 and sunlight. Nonetheless, cyanobacteria are yet to compete with heterotrophic systems in terms of space-time yields and consequently production costs. One major drawback leading to the low production performance observed in cyanobacteria is the limited ability to utilize the full capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus and its associated systems, i.e. CO2 fixation and the directly connected metabolism. In this review, novel insights into various levels of metabolic regulation of cyanobacteria are discussed, including the potential of targeting these regulatory mechanisms to create a chassis with a phenotype favorable for photoautotrophic production. Compared to conventional metabolic engineering approaches, minor perturbations of regulatory mechanisms can have wide-ranging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bolay
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Nadia Dodge
- Plant Based Foods and Biochemistry, Food Analytics and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Janssen
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Plant Based Foods and Biochemistry, Food Analytics and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
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2
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Zedler JAZ, Schirmacher AM, Russo DA, Hodgson L, Gundersen E, Matthes A, Frank S, Verkade P, Jensen PE. Self-Assembly of Nanofilaments in Cyanobacteria for Protein Co-localization. ACS Nano 2023; 17:25279-25290. [PMID: 38065569 PMCID: PMC10754207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria offer great potential as alternative biotechnological hosts due to their photoautotrophic capacities. However, in comparison to established heterotrophic hosts, several key aspects, such as product titers, are still lagging behind. Nanobiotechnology is an emerging field with great potential to improve existing hosts, but so far, it has barely been explored in microbial photosynthetic systems. Here, we report the establishment of large proteinaceous nanofilaments in the unicellular model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the fast-growing cyanobacterial strain Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973. Transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography demonstrated that expression of pduA*, encoding a modified bacterial microcompartment shell protein, led to the generation of bundles of longitudinally aligned nanofilaments in S. elongatus UTEX 2973 and shorter filamentous structures in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Comparative proteomics showed that PduA* was at least 50 times more abundant than the second most abundant protein in the cell and that nanofilament assembly had only a minor impact on cellular metabolism. Finally, as a proof-of-concept for co-localization with the filaments, we targeted a fluorescent reporter protein, mCitrine, to PduA* by fusion with an encapsulation peptide that natively interacts with PduA. The establishment of nanofilaments in cyanobacterial cells is an important step toward cellular organization of heterologous pathways and the establishment of cyanobacteria as next-generation hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Z. Zedler
- Synthetic
Biology of Photosynthetic Organisms, Matthias Schleiden Institute
for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra M. Schirmacher
- Synthetic
Biology of Photosynthetic Organisms, Matthias Schleiden Institute
for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David A. Russo
- Bioorganic
Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Emil Gundersen
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Matthes
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Frank
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, London, WC1E 6BT, United
Kingdom
| | - Paul Verkade
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department
of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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3
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Masiá C, Ong L, Logan A, Stockmann R, Gambetta J, Jensen PE, Rahimi Yazdi S, Gras S. Enhancing the textural and rheological properties of fermentation-induced pea protein emulsion gels with transglutaminase. Soft Matter 2023; 20:133-143. [PMID: 38054382 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess how transglutaminase (TG) impacts the microstructure, texture, and rheological properties of fermentation-induced pea protein emulsion gels. Additionally, the study examined the influence of storage time on the functional properties of these gels. Fermentation-induced pea protein gels were produced in the presence or absence of TG and stored for 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Texture analysis, rheological measurements, moisture content and microstructure evaluation with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and 3D image analysis were conducted to explore the effects of TG on the structural and rheological properties of the fermented samples. The porosity of the protein networks in the pea gels decreased in the presence of TG, the storage modulus increased and the textural characteristics were significantly improved, resulting in harder and more springy gels. The gel porosity increased in gels with and without TG after storage but the effect of storage on textural and rheological properties was limited, indicating limited structural rearrangement once the fermentation-induced pea protein emulsion gels are formed. Greater coalescence was observed for oil droplets within the gel matrix after 16 weeks of storage in the absence of TG, consistent with these protein structures being weaker than the more structurally stable TG-treated gels. This study shows that TG treatment is a powerful tool to enhance the textural and rheological properties of fermentation-induced pea protein emulsion gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Masiá
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Plant Based Application Department, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Lydia Ong
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy Logan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Regine Stockmann
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Joanna Gambetta
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Saeed Rahimi Yazdi
- Plant Based Application Department, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Sally Gras
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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4
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Gouseti O, Larsen ME, Amin A, Bakalis S, Petersen IL, Lametsch R, Jensen PE. Applications of Enzyme Technology to Enhance Transition to Plant Proteins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2518. [PMID: 37444256 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the plant-based food market grows, demand for plant protein is also increasing. Proteins are a major component in foods and are key to developing desired structures and textures. Seed storage proteins are the main plant proteins in the human diet. They are abundant in, for example, legumes or defatted oilseeds, which makes them an excellent candidate to use in the development of novel plant-based foods. However, they often have low and inflexible functionalities, as in nature they are designed to remain densely packed and inert within cell walls until they are needed during germination. Enzymes are often used by the food industry, for example, in the production of cheese or beer, to modify ingredient properties. Although they currently have limited applications in plant proteins, interest in the area is exponentially increasing. The present review first considers the current state and potential of enzyme utilization related to plant proteins, including uses in protein extraction and post-extraction modifications. Then, relevant opportunities and challenges are critically discussed. The main challenges relate to the knowledge gap, the high cost of enzymes, and the complexity of plant proteins as substrates. The overall aim of this review is to increase awareness, highlight challenges, and explore ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Gouseti
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Emil Larsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashwitha Amin
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Serafim Bakalis
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene Lametsch
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Burgess AJ, Masclaux‐Daubresse C, Strittmatter G, Weber APM, Taylor SH, Harbinson J, Yin X, Long S, Paul MJ, Westhoff P, Loreto F, Ceriotti A, Saltenis VLR, Pribil M, Nacry P, Scharff LB, Jensen PE, Muller B, Cohan J, Foulkes J, Rogowsky P, Debaeke P, Meyer C, Nelissen H, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Parry MAJ, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A. Improving crop yield potential: Underlying biological processes and future prospects. Food Energy Secur 2022; 12:e435. [PMID: 37035025 PMCID: PMC10078444 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population and global increases in the standard of living both result in an increasing demand for food, feed and other plant-derived products. In the coming years, plant-based research will be among the major drivers ensuring food security and the expansion of the bio-based economy. Crop productivity is determined by several factors, including the available physical and agricultural resources, crop management, and the resource use efficiency, quality and intrinsic yield potential of the chosen crop. This review focuses on intrinsic yield potential, since understanding its determinants and their biological basis will allow to maximize the plant's potential in food and energy production. Yield potential is determined by a variety of complex traits that integrate strictly regulated processes and their underlying gene regulatory networks. Due to this inherent complexity, numerous potential targets have been identified that could be exploited to increase crop yield. These encompass diverse metabolic and physical processes at the cellular, organ and canopy level. We present an overview of some of the distinct biological processes considered to be crucial for yield determination that could further be exploited to improve future crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Burgess
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | | | - Günter Strittmatter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory for Biophysics Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Long
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Plant Biology and Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | | | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy and University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bertrand Muller
- Université de Montpellier ‐ LEPSE – INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | - John Foulkes
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Peter Rogowsky
- INRAE UMR Plant Reproduction and Development Lyon France
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- IJPB UMR1318 INRAE‐AgroParisTech‐Université Paris Saclay Versailles France
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
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6
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Wang C, Hansen HCB, Andersen ML, Strobel BW, Ma H, Dodge N, Jensen PE, Lu C, Holm PE. Fast peroxydisulfate oxidation of the antibiotic norfloxacin catalyzed by cyanobacterial biochar. J Hazard Mater 2022; 439:129655. [PMID: 35901634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peroxydisulfate (PDS) is a common oxidant for organic contaminant remediation. PDS is typically activated by metal catalysts to generate reactive radicals. Unfortunately, as radicals are non-selective and metal catalysts may cause secondary contamination, alternative selective non-radical pathways and non-metal catalysts need attention. Here we investigated PDS oxidation of commonly detected antibiotic Norfloxacin (NOR) using cyanobacterial nitrogen rich biochars (CBs) as catalysts. NOR was fully degraded by CB pyrolysed at 950 °C (CB950) within 120 min. CB950 caused threefold faster degradation than low pyrolysis temperature (PT) CBs and achieved a maximum surface area normalized rate constant of 4.38 × 10-2 min-1 m-2 L compared to widely used metal catalysts. CB950 maintained full reactivity after four repeated uses. High defluorination (82%) and mineralization (>82%) were observed for CB950/PDS. CBs were active over a broad pH range (3-10), but with twice as high rates under alkaline compared with neutral conditions. NOR is degraded by organic, •OH and SO4•- radicals in low PT CBs/PDS systems, where the presence of MnII promotes radical generation. Electron transfer reactions with radicals supplemented dominate high PT CBs/PDS systems. This study demonstrates high PT biochars from algal bloom biomass may find use as catalysts for organic contaminant oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen Andersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nadia Dodge
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Changyong Lu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter E Holm
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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7
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Masiá C, Jensen PE, Petersen IL, Buldo P. Design of a Functional Pea Protein Matrix for Fermented Plant-Based Cheese. Foods 2022; 11:178. [PMID: 35053910 PMCID: PMC8774429 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of a fermented plant-based cheese requires understanding the behavior of the selected raw material prior to fermentation. Raw material processing affects physicochemical properties of plant protein ingredients, and it determines their ability to form fermentation-induced protein gels. Moreover, the addition of oil also influences structure formation and therefore affects gel firmness. This study focuses on identifying and characterizing an optimal pea protein matrix suitable for fermentation-induced plant-based cheese. Stability and gel formation were investigated in pea protein matrices. Pea protein isolate (PPI) emulsions with 10% protein and 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% olive oil levels were produced and further fermented with a starter culture suitable for plant matrices. Emulsion stability was evaluated through particle size, ζ-potential, and back-scattered light changes over 7 h. Gel hardness and oscillation measurements of the fermented gels were taken after 1 and 7 days of storage under refrigeration. The water-holding capacity of the gels was measured after 7 days of storage and their microstructure was visualized with confocal microscopy. Results indicate that all PPI emulsions were physically stable after 7 h. Indeed, ζ-potential did not change significantly over time in PPI emulsions, a bimodal particle size distribution was observed in all samples, and no significant variation was observed after 7 h in any of the samples. Fermentation time oscillated between 5.5 and 7 h in all samples. Higher oil content led to weaker gels and lower elastic modulus and no significant changes in gel hardness were observed over 7 days of storage under refrigeration in closed containers. Water-holding capacity increased in samples with higher olive oil content. Based on our results, an optimal pea protein matrix for fermentation-induced pea protein gels can be produced with 10% protein content and 10% olive oil levels without compromising gel hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Masiá
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.E.J.); (I.L.P.)
- Plant Based Application Department, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.E.J.); (I.L.P.)
| | - Iben Lykke Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.E.J.); (I.L.P.)
| | - Patrizia Buldo
- Plant Based Application Department, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
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8
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Tokin R, Frandsen KEH, Ipsen JØ, Lo Leggio L, Poojary MM, Berrin JG, Grisel S, Brander S, Jensen PE, Johansen KS. Inhibition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase by natural plant extracts. New Phytol 2021; 232:1337-1349. [PMID: 34389999 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes of industrial and biological importance. In particular, LPMOs play important roles in fungal lifestyle. No inhibitors of LPMOs have yet been reported. In this study, a diverse library of 100 plant extracts was screened for LPMO activity-modulating effects. By employing protein crystallography and LC-MS, we successfully identified a natural LPMO inhibitor. Extract screening revealed a significant LPMO inhibition by methanolic extract of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon), which inhibited LsAA9A LPMO from Lentinus similis in a concentration-dependent manner. With a notable exception, other microbial LPMOs from families AA9 and AA10 were also inhibited by this cinnamon extract. The polyphenol cinnamtannin B1 was identified as the inhibitory component by crystallography. Cinnamtannin B1 was bound to the surface of LsAA9A at two distinct binding sites: one close to the active site and another at a pocket on the opposite side of the protein. Independent characterization of cinnamon extract by LC-MS and subsequent activity measurements confirmed that the compound inhibiting LsAA9A was cinnamtannin B1. The results of this study show that specific natural LPMO inhibitors of plant origin exist in nature, providing the opportunity for future exploitation of such compounds within various biotechnological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radina Tokin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Johan Ørskov Ipsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Søren Brander
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Katja Salomon Johansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
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9
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Brander S, Tokin R, Ipsen JØ, Jensen PE, Hernández-Rollán C, Nørholm MHH, Lo Leggio L, Dupree P, Johansen KS. Scission of Glucosidic Bonds by a Lentinus similis Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases Is Strictly Dependent on H2O2 while the Oxidation of Saccharide Products Depends on O2. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Brander
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Radina Tokin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Johan Ø. Ipsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cristina Hernández-Rollán
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten H. H. Nørholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Katja S. Johansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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10
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Scharff LB, Saltenis VLR, Jensen PE, Baekelandt A, Burgess AJ, Burow M, Ceriotti A, Cohan J, Geu‐Flores F, Halkier BA, Haslam RP, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Murchie EH, Napier JA, Nacry P, Parry MAJ, Santino A, Scarano A, Sparvoli F, Wilhelm R, Pribil M. Prospects to improve the nutritional quality of crops. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | | | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | | | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMPUniv MontpellierINRAECNRSMontpellier SupAgro Montpellier France
| | | | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Ralf Wilhelm
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology Julius Kühn‐Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
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11
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Funk C, Jensen PE, Skjermo J. Blue economy in the North: Scandinavian algal biotechnology to the rescue. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:479-482. [PMID: 34528273 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Skjermo
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Olsen MFL, Pedersen JS, Thomsen ST, Martens HJ, Petersen A, Jensen PE. Outdoor cultivation of a novel isolate of the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and the evaluation of its potential as a novel protein crop. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:483-494. [PMID: 34427928 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A Danish strain of the green microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was isolated, identified and characterized with respect to productivity under outdoor cultivation conditions at northern latitudes. The algae were cultivated outdoors in Denmark in closed tubular photobioreactors using only sunlight, simple inorganic nutrients and under ambient temperatures. The biomass composition was evaluated in terms of protein content and quality. The average volumetric and areal biomass productivity obtained for the Scenedesmus sp. isolate during outdoor cultivation was 0.083 g dry matter L-1 and 6.40 g dm m-2 day-1 , respectively. Thus, productivities are comparable to data reported in the literature under similar conditions. A strain-specific nitrogen to protein conversion factor of 5.5 was determined for the Scenedesmus sp. strain enabling more accurate protein estimations from simple nitrogen determination methods like Kjeldahl analysis in the future. The protein content was determined to be 52.4% of dried biomass for this Scenedesmus strain. The sum of essential amino acids was 42% which is high compared to other microalgae. The results are compared and discussed in comparison to other microalgae and soybean as a common plant protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sune Tjalfe Thomsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Helle Jakobe Martens
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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13
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Stuart D, Sandström M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Jensen PE, Bollivar D, Hansson M. Barley Viridis-k links an evolutionarily conserved C-type ferredoxin to chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Cell 2021; 33:2834-2849. [PMID: 34051099 PMCID: PMC8408499 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxins are single-electron carrier proteins involved in various cellular reactions. In chloroplasts, the most abundant ferredoxin accepts electrons from photosystem I and shuttles electrons via ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase to generate NADPH or directly to ferredoxin dependent enzymes. In addition, plants contain other isoforms of ferredoxins. Two of these, named FdC1 and FdC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, have C-terminal extensions and functions that are poorly understood. Here we identified disruption of the orthologous FdC2 gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants at the Viridis-k locus; these mutants are deficient in the aerobic cyclase reaction of chlorophyll biosynthesis. The magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase is one of the least characterized enzymes of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway and its electron donor has long been sought. Agroinfiltrations showed that the viridis-k phenotype could be complemented in vivo by Viridis-k but not by canonical ferredoxin. VirK could drive the cyclase reaction in vitro and analysis of cyclase mutants showed that in vivo accumulation of VirK is dependent on cyclase enzyme levels. The chlorophyll deficient phenotype of viridis-k mutants suggests that VirK plays an essential role in chlorophyll biosynthesis that cannot be replaced by other ferredoxins, thus assigning a specific function to this isoform of C-type ferredoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | | | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg DK-1958, Denmark
| | - David Bollivar
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, USA
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
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14
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Ipsen JØ, Hernández-Rollán C, Muderspach SJ, Brander S, Bertelsen AB, Jensen PE, Nørholm MHH, Lo Leggio L, Johansen KS. Copper binding and reactivity at the histidine brace motif: insights from mutational analysis of the Pseudomonas fluorescens copper chaperone CopC. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1708-1720. [PMID: 33896006 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The histidine brace (His-brace) is a copper-binding motif that is associated with both oxidative enzymes and proteinaceous copper chaperones. Here, we used biochemical and structural methods to characterize mutants of a His-brace-containing copper chaperone from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PfCopC). A total of 15 amino acid variants in primary and second-sphere residues were produced and characterized in terms of their copper binding and redox properties. PfCopC has a very high affinity for Cu(II) and also binds Cu(I). A high reorganization barrier likely prevents redox cycling and, thus, catalysis. In contrast, mutations in the conserved second-sphere Glu27 enable slow oxidation of ascorbate. The crystal structure of the variant E27A confirmed copper binding at the His-brace. Unexpectedly, Asp83 at the equatorial position was shown to be indispensable for Cu(II) binding in the His-brace of PfCopC. A PfCopC mutant that was designed to mimic the His-brace from lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase-like family X325 did not bind Cu(II), but was still able to bind Cu(I). These results highlight the importance of the proteinaceous environment around the copper His-brace for reactivity and, thus, the difference between enzyme and chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ø Ipsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cristina Hernández-Rollán
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Brander
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Bertelsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Morten H H Nørholm
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Katja S Johansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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15
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Jakubauskas D, Mortensen K, Jensen PE, Kirkensgaard JJK. Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering on Photosynthetic Membranes. Front Chem 2021; 9:631370. [PMID: 33954157 PMCID: PMC8090863 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.631370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural membrane arrangements in living cells and their dynamic remodeling in response to environmental changes remain an area of active research but are also subject to large uncertainty. The use of noninvasive methods such as X-ray and neutron scattering provides an attractive complimentary source of information to direct imaging because in vivo systems can be probed in near-natural conditions. However, without solid underlying structural modeling to properly interpret the indirect information extracted, scattering provides at best qualitative information and at worst direct misinterpretations. Here we review the current state of small-angle scattering applied to photosynthetic membrane systems with particular focus on data interpretation and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainius Jakubauskas
- X-ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kell Mortensen
- X-ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob J. K. Kirkensgaard
- X-ray and Neutron Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Gawroński P, Enroth C, Kindgren P, Marquardt S, Karpiński S, Leister D, Jensen PE, Vinther J, Scharff LB. Light-Dependent Translation Change of Arabidopsis psbA Correlates with RNA Structure Alterations at the Translation Initiation Region. Cells 2021; 10:322. [PMID: 33557293 PMCID: PMC7914831 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA secondary structure influences translation. Proteins that modulate the mRNA secondary structure around the translation initiation region may regulate translation in plastids. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Arabidopsis thaliana to high light, which induces translation of psbA mRNA encoding the D1 subunit of photosystem II. We assayed translation by ribosome profiling and applied two complementary methods to analyze in vivo RNA secondary structure: DMS-MaPseq and SHAPE-seq. We detected increased accessibility of the translation initiation region of psbA after high light treatment, likely contributing to the observed increase in translation by facilitating translation initiation. Furthermore, we identified the footprint of a putative regulatory protein in the 5' UTR of psbA at a position where occlusion of the nucleotide sequence would cause the structure of the translation initiation region to open up, thereby facilitating ribosome access. Moreover, we show that other plastid genes with weak Shine-Dalgarno sequences (SD) are likely to exhibit psbA-like regulation, while those with strong SDs do not. This supports the idea that changes in mRNA secondary structure might represent a general mechanism for translational regulation of psbA and other plastid genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Christel Enroth
- Department of Biology, Section for Computational and RNA Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 København N, Denmark; (C.E.); (J.V.)
| | - Peter Kindgren
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (P.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastian Marquardt
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (P.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Jeppe Vinther
- Department of Biology, Section for Computational and RNA Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 København N, Denmark; (C.E.); (J.V.)
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (P.K.); (S.M.)
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17
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Yang X, Medford JI, Markel K, Shih PM, De Paoli HC, Trinh CT, McCormick AJ, Ployet R, Hussey SG, Myburg AA, Jensen PE, Hassan MM, Zhang J, Muchero W, Kalluri UC, Yin H, Zhuo R, Abraham PE, Chen JG, Weston DJ, Yang Y, Liu D, Li Y, Labbe J, Yang B, Lee JH, Cottingham RW, Martin S, Lu M, Tschaplinski TJ, Yuan G, Lu H, Ranjan P, Mitchell JC, Wullschleger SD, Tuskan GA. Plant Biosystems Design Research Roadmap 1.0. Biodes Res 2020; 2020:8051764. [PMID: 37849899 PMCID: PMC10521729 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8051764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human life intimately depends on plants for food, biomaterials, health, energy, and a sustainable environment. Various plants have been genetically improved mostly through breeding, along with limited modification via genetic engineering, yet they are still not able to meet the ever-increasing needs, in terms of both quantity and quality, resulting from the rapid increase in world population and expected standards of living. A step change that may address these challenges would be to expand the potential of plants using biosystems design approaches. This represents a shift in plant science research from relatively simple trial-and-error approaches to innovative strategies based on predictive models of biological systems. Plant biosystems design seeks to accelerate plant genetic improvement using genome editing and genetic circuit engineering or create novel plant systems through de novo synthesis of plant genomes. From this perspective, we present a comprehensive roadmap of plant biosystems design covering theories, principles, and technical methods, along with potential applications in basic and applied plant biology research. We highlight current challenges, future opportunities, and research priorities, along with a framework for international collaboration, towards rapid advancement of this emerging interdisciplinary area of research. Finally, we discuss the importance of social responsibility in utilizing plant biosystems design and suggest strategies for improving public perception, trust, and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - June I. Medford
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kasey Markel
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Shih
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Henrique C. De Paoli
- Department of Biodesign, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cong T. Trinh
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Alistair J. McCormick
- SynthSys and Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Steven G. Hussey
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1858, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Md Mahmudul Hassan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Renying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Paul E. Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - David J. Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology and the Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Degao Liu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Precision Plant Genomics and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jessy Labbe
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Stanton Martin
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Julie C. Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Stan D. Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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18
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Masiá C, Jensen PE, Buldo P. Retraction: Masiá, C. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Plant-Based Raw Materials. Foods 2020, 9, 1182. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121782. [PMID: 33272003 PMCID: PMC7760218 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Masiá
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (C.M.); (P.E.J.)
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (C.M.); (P.E.J.)
| | - Patrizia Buldo
- Food Cultures and Enzymes, Plant Based Application Projects & Competences, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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19
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Dodge N, Russo DA, Blossom BM, Singh RK, van Oort B, Croce R, Bjerrum MJ, Jensen PE. Water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins from Brassica oleracea allow for stable photobiocatalytic oxidation of cellulose by a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:192. [PMID: 33292428 PMCID: PMC7708235 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are indispensable redox enzymes used in industry for the saccharification of plant biomass. LPMO-driven cellulose oxidation can be enhanced considerably through photobiocatalysis using chlorophyll derivatives and light. Water soluble chlorophyll binding proteins (WSCPs) make it is possible to stabilize and solubilize chlorophyll in aqueous solution, allowing for in vitro studies on photostability and ROS production. Here we aim to apply WSCP-Chl a as a photosensitizing complex for photobiocatalysis with the LPMO, TtAA9. RESULTS We have in this study demonstrated how WSCP reconstituted with chlorophyll a (WSCP-Chl a) can create a stable photosensitizing complex which produces controlled amounts of H2O2 in the presence of ascorbic acid and light. WSCP-Chl a is highly reactive and allows for tightly controlled formation of H2O2 by regulating light intensity. TtAA9 together with WSCP-Chl a shows increased cellulose oxidation under low light conditions, and the WSCP-Chl a complex remains stable after 24 h of light exposure. Additionally, the WSCP-Chl a complex demonstrates stability over a range of temperatures and pH conditions relevant for enzyme activity in industrial settings. CONCLUSION With WSCP-Chl a as the photosensitizer, the need to replenish Chl is greatly reduced, enhancing the catalytic lifetime of light-driven LPMOs and increasing the efficiency of cellulose depolymerization. WSCP-Chl a allows for stable photobiocatalysis providing a sustainable solution for biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dodge
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - D A Russo
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - B M Blossom
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B van Oort
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P E Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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20
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Scheller HV, Patron N, Jensen PE. Editorial: Proceedings of ICPSBBB 2018 - 2 nd International Conference on Plant Synthetic Biology, Bioengineering and Biotechnology. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:614933. [PMID: 33224177 PMCID: PMC7667044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Vibe Scheller
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nicola Patron
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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21
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Stuart D, Sandström M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Jensen PE, Bollivar DW, Hansson M. Aerobic Barley Mg-protoporphyrin IX Monomethyl Ester Cyclase is Powered by Electrons from Ferredoxin. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091157. [PMID: 32911631 PMCID: PMC7570240 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the light-harvesting molecule central to the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is synthesized through 15 enzymatic steps. Most of the reactions have been characterized using recombinant proteins. One exception is the formation of the isocyclic E-ring characteristic of chlorophylls. This reaction is catalyzed by the Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase encoded by Xantha-l in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The Xantha-l gene product (XanL) is a membrane-bound diiron monooxygenase, which requires additional soluble and membrane-bound components for its activity. XanL has so far been impossible to produce as an active recombinant protein for in vitro assays, which is required for deeper biochemical and structural analyses. In the present work, we performed cyclase assays with soluble and membrane-bound fractions of barley etioplasts. Addition of antibodies raised against ferredoxin or ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR) inhibited assays, strongly suggesting that reducing electrons for the cyclase reaction involves ferredoxin and FNR. We further developed a completely recombinant cyclase assay. Expression of active XanL required co-expression with an additional protein, Ycf54. In vitro cyclase activity was obtained with recombinant XanL in combination with ferredoxin and FNR. Our experiment demonstrates that the cyclase is a ferredoxin-dependent enzyme. Ferredoxin is part of the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, which suggests that the cyclase reaction might be connected to photosynthesis under light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Malin Sandström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - David W. Bollivar
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL P.O. Box 2900, USA;
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-2224980
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22
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Masiá C, Jensen PE, Buldo P. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Physicochemical Properties of Fermented Plant-Based Raw Materials. Foods 2020; 9:E1182. [PMID: 32859044 PMCID: PMC7555707 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Texture and flavor are currently the main challenges in the development of plant-based dairy alternatives. To overcome them, the potential of microorganisms for fermentation of plant-based raw materials is generating great interest in the food industry. This study examines the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, LGG® (LGG® is a trademark of Chr. Hansen A/S) on the physicochemical properties of fermented soy, oat, and coconut. LGG® was combined with different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and Bifidobacterium, BB-12® (BB-12® is a trademark of Chr. Hansen A/S). Acidification, titratable acidity, and growth of LGG® and BB-12® were evaluated. Oscillation and flow tests were performed to analyze the rheological properties of fermented samples. Acids, carbohydrates, and volatile organic compounds in fermented samples were identified, and a sensory evaluation with a trained panel was conducted. LGG® reduced fermentation time in all three bases. LGG® and BB-12® grew in all fermented raw materials above 107 CFU/g. LGG® had no significant effect on rheological behavior of the samples. Acetoin levels increased and acetaldehyde content decreased in the presence of LGG® in all three bases. Diacetyl levels increased in fermented oat and coconut samples when LGG® was combined with YOFLEX® YF-L01 and NU-TRISH® BY-01 (YOFLEX® and NU-TRISH® are trademarks of Chr. Hansen A/S). In all fermented oat samples, LGG® significantly enhanced fermented flavor notes, such as sourness, lemon, and fruity taste, which in turn led to reduced perception of the attributes related to the base. In fermented coconut samples, gel firmness perception was significantly improved in the presence of LGG®. These findings suggest supplementation of LAB cultures with LGG® to improve fermentation time and sensory perception of fermented plant-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Masiá
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (C.M.); (P.E.J.)
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (C.M.); (P.E.J.)
| | - Patrizia Buldo
- Food Cultures and Enzymes, Plant Based Application Projects & Competences, Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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23
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Jensen PE, Scharff LB. Engineering of plastids to optimize the production of high-value metabolites and proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 59:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Mellor SB, Vinde MH, Nielsen AZ, Hanke GT, Abdiaziz K, Roessler MM, Burow M, Motawia MS, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Defining optimal electron transfer partners for light-driven cytochrome P450 reactions. Metab Eng 2019; 55:33-43. [PMID: 31091467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants and cyanobacteria are promising heterologous hosts for metabolic engineering, and particularly suited for expression of cytochrome P450 (P450s), enzymes that catalyse key steps in biosynthetic pathways leading to valuable natural products such as alkaloids, terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. P450s are often difficult to express and require a membrane-bound NADPH-dependent reductase, complicating their use in metabolic engineering and bio-production. We previously demonstrated targeting of heterologous P450s to thylakoid membranes both in N. benthamiana chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, and functional substitution of their native reductases with the photosynthetic apparatus via the endogenous soluble electron carrier ferredoxin. However, because ferredoxin acts as a sorting hub for photosynthetic reducing power, there is fierce competition for reducing equivalents, which limits photosynthesis-driven P450 output. This study compares the ability of four electron carriers to increase photosynthesis-driven P450 activity. These carriers, three plant ferredoxins and a flavodoxin-like engineered protein derived from cytochrome P450 reductase, show only modest differences in their electron transfer to our model P450, CYP79A1 in vitro. However, only the flavodoxin-like carrier supplies appreciable reducing power in the presence of competition for reduced ferredoxin, because it possesses a redox potential that renders delivery of reducing equivalents to endogenous processes inefficient. We further investigate the efficacy of these electron carrier proteins in vivo by expressing them transiently in N. benthamiana fused to CYP79A1. All but one of the fusion enzymes show improved sequestration of photosynthetic reducing power. Fusion with the flavodoxin-like carrier offers the greatest improvement in this comparison - nearly 25-fold on a per protein basis. Thus, this study demonstrates that synthetic electron transfer pathways with optimal redox potentials can alleviate the problem of endogenous competition for reduced ferredoxin and sets out a new metabolic engineering strategy useful for producing valuable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Busck Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marcos Hamborg Vinde
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Guy Thomas Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Maxie M Roessler
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Meike Burow
- DyNaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Villum Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Villum Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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25
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Russo DA, Zedler JAZ, Jensen PE. A force awakens: exploiting solar energy beyond photosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1703-1710. [PMID: 30773590 PMCID: PMC6436153 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, efforts to exploit sunlight, a free and abundant energy source, have sped up dramatically. Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, such as higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, can convert solar energy into chemical energy very efficiently using water as an electron donor. By providing organic building blocks for life in this way, photosynthesis is undoubtedly one of the most important processes on Earth. The aim of light-driven catalysis is to harness solar energy, in the form of reducing power, to drive enzymatic reactions requiring electrons for their catalytic cycle. Light-driven enzymes have been shown to have a large number of biotechnological applications, ranging from the production of high-value secondary metabolites to the development of green chemistry processes. Here, we highlight recent key developments in the field of light-driven catalysis using biological components. We will also discuss strategies to design and optimize light-driven systems in order to develop the next generation of sustainable solutions in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Russo
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Julie A Z Zedler
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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26
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Gawroński P, Jensen PE, Karpiński S, Leister D, Scharff LB. Pausing of Chloroplast Ribosomes Is Induced by Multiple Features and Is Linked to the Assembly of Photosynthetic Complexes. Plant Physiol 2018; 176:2557-2569. [PMID: 29298822 PMCID: PMC5841727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many mRNAs contain pause sites that briefly interrupt the progress of translation. Specific features that induce ribosome pausing have been described; however, their individual contributions to pause-site formation, and the overall biological significance of ribosome pausing, remain largely unclear. We have taken advantage of the compact genome of chloroplasts to carry out a plastid genome-wide survey of pause sites, as a basis for studying the impact of pausing on posttranslational processes. Based on ribosomal profiling of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplast mRNAs, we demonstrate that a combination of factors-mRNA secondary structure, internal Shine-Dalgarno sequences, and positively charged amino acids in the nascent peptide chain-explains 95% of the major pause sites on plastid mRNAs, whereas codon usage has little impact. The distribution of the pause sites is nonrandom and conforms to distinct patterns in the vicinity of sequences coding for transmembrane domains, which depend on their orientation within the membrane as well as being next to sequences coding for cofactor binding sites. We found strong indications that the mechanisms causing ribosomal pausing and at least some of the ribosomes pause sites are conserved between distantly related plant species. In addition, the positions of features that cause pausing are well conserved in photoautotrophic plants, but less so in their nonphotosynthetic, parasitic relatives, implying that the synthesis and assembly of photosynthetic multiprotein complexes requires localized ribosome pausing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
| | - Dario Leister
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lars B Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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27
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Deisenhammer F, Jank M, Lauren A, Sjödin A, Ryner M, Fogdell-Hahn A, Sievers C, Lindberg R, Jensen PE, Sellebjerg F, Christodoulou L, Birchler M, Pallardy M, Auer M, Liblau R. Prediction of natalizumab anti-drug antibodies persistency. Mult Scler 2018; 25:392-398. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458517753721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) against natalizumab develop early during treatment. ADA persistency is defined by two consecutive positive results as performed by the current qualitative ELISA assay (positive/negative). Very little is known about the magnitude of the natalizumab ADA response and persistency. Design/methods: We developed a highly sensitive natalizumab ADA titration assay on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform and a pharmacokinetic (PK) assay. We included 43 patients with a positive ELISA-ADA result within 6 months of treatment initiation (baseline) of whom a follow-up serum sample was available 12–30 months after treatment start. MSD-ADA titres and drug levels were measured. Results: Median MSD-ADA titre at baseline was 4881 and 303 at follow-up. A titre of >400 at baseline had a 94% sensitivity and 89% specificity to predict ADA persistency. Reversion to ADA negativity occurred in 10 patients with mean drug levels of 10.8 μg/mL. The median trough drug level in ADA-positive samples was 0 µg/mL. PK levels and ADA titres correlated strongly negatively ( r = −0.67). Conclusion: High baseline natalizumab ADA titres accurately predict persistency. Despite continuous treatment, the majority of patients with persistent ADA had no detectable drug levels indicating loss of efficacy in line with phase 3 study results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlies Jank
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Malin Ryner
- Clinical Neuroscience, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Clinical Neuroscience, CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Sievers
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raija Lindberg
- Departments of Biomedicine and Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- DMSC, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- DMSC, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marc Pallardy
- INSERM UMR-S 996, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Michael Auer
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM UMR-1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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28
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Midtgaard SR, Darwish TA, Pedersen MC, Huda P, Larsen AH, Jensen GV, Kynde SAR, Skar‐Gislinge N, Nielsen AJZ, Olesen C, Blaise M, Dorosz JJ, Thorsen TS, Venskutonytė R, Krintel C, Møller JV, Frielinghaus H, Gilbert EP, Martel A, Kastrup JS, Jensen PE, Nissen P, Arleth L. Invisible detergents for structure determination of membrane proteins by small‐angle neutron scattering. FEBS J 2017; 285:357-371. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Roi Midtgaard
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tamim A. Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights Australia
| | - Martin Cramer Pedersen
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Haahr Larsen
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Grethe Vestergaard Jensen
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Nicholas Skar‐Gislinge
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Claus Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier CNRS Université de Montpellier France
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling Department of Molecular Biology Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Jerzy Józef Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thor Seneca Thorsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Møller
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease – PUMPkin Danish National Research Foundation Aarhus University Denmark
| | | | - Elliot Paul Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights Australia
| | | | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease – PUMPkin Danish National Research Foundation Aarhus University Denmark
- DANDRITE Nordic‐EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
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Mellor SB, Vavitsas K, Nielsen AZ, Jensen PE. Photosynthetic fuel for heterologous enzymes: the role of electron carrier proteins. Photosynth Res 2017; 134:329-342. [PMID: 28285375 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants, cyanobacteria, and algae generate a surplus of redox power through photosynthesis, which makes them attractive for biotechnological exploitations. While central metabolism consumes most of the energy, pathways introduced through metabolic engineering can also tap into this source of reducing power. Recent work on the metabolic engineering of photosynthetic organisms has shown that the electron carriers such as ferredoxin and flavodoxin can be used to couple heterologous enzymes to photosynthetic reducing power. Because these proteins have a plethora of interaction partners and rely on electrostatically steered complex formation, they form productive electron transfer complexes with non-native enzymes. A handful of examples demonstrate channeling of photosynthetic electrons to drive the activity of heterologous enzymes, and these focus mainly on hydrogenases and cytochrome P450s. However, competition from native pathways and inefficient electron transfer rates present major obstacles, which limit the productivity of heterologous reactions coupled to photosynthesis. We discuss specific approaches to address these bottlenecks and ensure high productivity of such enzymes in a photosynthetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Busck Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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30
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Henriques de Jesus MPR, Zygadlo Nielsen A, Busck Mellor S, Matthes A, Burow M, Robinson C, Erik Jensen P. Tat proteins as novel thylakoid membrane anchors organize a biosynthetic pathway in chloroplasts and increase product yield 5-fold. Metab Eng 2017; 44:108-116. [PMID: 28962875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis drives the production of ATP and NADPH, and acts as a source of carbon for primary metabolism. NADPH is also used in the production of many natural bioactive compounds. These are usually synthesized in low quantities and are often difficult to produce by chemical synthesis due to their complex structures. Some of the crucial enzymes catalyzing their biosynthesis are the cytochromes P450 (P450s) situated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), powered by electron transfers from NADPH. Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glucoside and its biosynthesis involves a dynamic metabolon formed by two P450s, a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) and a P450 oxidoreductase (POR). Its biosynthetic pathway has been relocated to the chloroplast where ferredoxin, reduced through the photosynthetic electron transport chain, serves as an efficient electron donor to the P450s, bypassing the involvement of POR. Nevertheless, translocation of the pathway from the ER to the chloroplast creates other difficulties, such as the loss of metabolon formation and intermediate diversion into other metabolic pathways. We show here that co-localization of these enzymes in the thylakoid membrane leads to a significant increase in product formation, with a concomitant decrease in off-pathway intermediates. This was achieved by exchanging the membrane anchors of the dhurrin pathway enzymes to components of the Twin-arginine translocation pathway, TatB and TatC, which have self-assembly properties. Consequently, we show 5-fold increased titers of dhurrin and a decrease in the amounts of intermediates and side products in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further, results suggest that targeting the UGT to the membrane is a key factor to achieve efficient substrate channeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perestrello Ramos Henriques de Jesus
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Silas Busck Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Matthes
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Colin Robinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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31
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Vavitsas K, Rue EØ, Stefánsdóttir LK, Gnanasekaran T, Blennow A, Crocoll C, Gudmundsson S, Jensen PE. Responses of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to heterologous biosynthetic pathways. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:140. [PMID: 28806958 PMCID: PMC5556357 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are an increasing number of studies regarding genetic manipulation of cyanobacteria to produce commercially interesting compounds. The majority of these works study the expression and optimization of a selected heterologous pathway, largely ignoring the wholeness and complexity of cellular metabolism. Regulation and response mechanisms are largely unknown, and even the metabolic pathways themselves are not fully elucidated. This poses a clear limitation in exploiting the rich biosynthetic potential of cyanobacteria. Results In this work, we focused on the production of two different compounds, the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin and the diterpenoid 13R-manoyl oxide in Synechocystis PCC 6803. We used genome-scale metabolic modelling to study fluxes in individual reactions and pathways, and we determined the concentrations of key metabolites, such as amino acids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls. This allowed us to identify metabolic crosstalk between the native and the introduced metabolic pathways. Most results and simulations highlight the metabolic robustness of cyanobacteria, suggesting that the host organism tends to keep metabolic fluxes and metabolite concentrations steady, counteracting the effects of the heterologous pathway. However, the amino acid concentrations of the dhurrin-producing strain show an unexpected profile, where the perturbation levels were high in seemingly unrelated metabolites. Conclusions There is a wealth of information that can be derived by combining targeted metabolite identification and computer modelling as a frame of understanding. Here we present an example of how strain engineering approaches can be coupled to ‘traditional’ metabolic engineering with systems biology, resulting in novel and more efficient manipulation strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0757-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Emil Østergaard Rue
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,ISBP-INSA de Toulouse, Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Steinn Gudmundsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Ingenhoven K, Kramer D, Jensen PE, Hermanrud C, Ryner M, Deisenhammer F, Pallardy M, Menge T, Hartung HP, Kieseier BC, Bertotti E, Creeke P, Fogdell-Hahn A, Warnke C. Development and Validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Binding Anti-Drug Antibodies against Interferon Beta. Front Neurol 2017; 8:305. [PMID: 28729851 PMCID: PMC5498465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop and validate a method for the detection of binding anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against interferon beta (IFN-β) in human serum as part of a European initiative (ABIRISK) aimed at the prediction and analysis of clinical relevance of anti-biopharmaceutical immunization to minimize the risk. Method A two-tiered bridging enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format was selected and validated according to current recommendations. Screening assay: ADA in serum samples form complexes with immobilized IFN-β and biotinylated IFN-β, which are then detected using HRP labeled Streptavidin and TMB substrate. Confirmation assay: Screen “putative positive” samples are tested in the presence of excess drug (preincubation of sera with 0.3 µg/mL of soluble IFN-β) and percentage of inhibition is calculated. Results The assay is precise, and the sensitivity of the assay was confirmed to be 26 ng/mL using commercially available polyclonal rabbit antihuman IFN-β in human sera as the positive control. Conclusion An ultrasensitive ELISA for IFN-β-binding ADA testing has been validated. This will form the basis to assess anti-biopharmaceutical immunization toward IFN-β with regards to its clinical relevance and may allow for the development of predictive tools, key aims within the ABIRISK consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ingenhoven
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Kramer
- Sanofi-Aventis, Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, DMSC, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Hermanrud
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ryner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Til Menge
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Paul Creeke
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clemens Warnke
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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King BC, Vavitsas K, Ikram NKBK, Schrøder J, Scharff LB, Bassard JÉ, Hamberger B, Jensen PE, Simonsen HT. Corrigendum: In vivo assembly of DNA-fragments in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31261. [PMID: 27560646 PMCID: PMC4997977 DOI: 10.1038/srep31261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mellor S, Nielsen AZ, Burow M, Motawia MS, Jakubauskas D, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Fusion of Ferredoxin and Cytochrome P450 Enables Direct Light-Driven Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1862-9. [PMID: 27119279 PMCID: PMC4949584 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are key enzymes in the synthesis of bioactive natural products in plants. Efforts to harness these enzymes for in vitro and whole-cell production of natural products have been hampered by difficulties in expressing them heterologously in their active form, and their requirement for NADPH as a source of reducing power. We recently demonstrated targeting and insertion of plant P450s into the photosynthetic membrane and photosynthesis-driven, NADPH-independent P450 catalytic activity mediated by the electron carrier protein ferredoxin. Here, we report the fusion of ferredoxin with P450 CYP79A1 from the model plant Sorghum bicolor, which catalyzes the initial step in the pathway leading to biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. Fusion with ferredoxin allows CYP79A1 to obtain electrons for catalysis by interacting directly with photosystem I. Furthermore, electrons captured by the fused ferredoxin moiety are directed more effectively toward P450 catalytic activity, making the fusion better able to compete with endogenous electron sinks coupled to metabolic pathways. The P450-ferredoxin fusion enzyme obtains reducing power solely from its fused ferredoxin and outperforms unfused CYP79A1 in vivo. This demonstrates greatly enhanced electron transfer from photosystem I to CYP79A1 as a consequence of the fusion. The fusion strategy reported here therefore forms the basis for enhanced partitioning of photosynthetic reducing power toward P450-dependent biosynthesis of important natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas
Busck Mellor
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center
for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center
for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- DynaMo
Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center
for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dainius Jakubauskas
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center
for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center
for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Villum
Research Center of Excellence ”Plant Plasticity”, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Center
for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Villum
Research Center of Excellence ”Plant Plasticity”, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Nielsen AZ, Mellor SB, Vavitsas K, Wlodarczyk AJ, Gnanasekaran T, Perestrello Ramos H de Jesus M, King BC, Bakowski K, Jensen PE. Extending the biosynthetic repertoires of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Plant J 2016; 87:87-102. [PMID: 27005523 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts in plants and algae and photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria are emerging hosts for sustainable production of valuable biochemicals, using only inorganic nutrients, water, CO2 and light as inputs. In the past decade, many bioengineering efforts have focused on metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in the chloroplast or in cyanobacteria for the production of fuels, chemicals and complex, high-value bioactive molecules. Biosynthesis of all these compounds can be performed in photosynthetic organelles/organisms by heterologous expression of the appropriate pathways, but this requires optimization of carbon flux and reducing power, and a thorough understanding of regulatory pathways. Secretion or storage of the compounds produced can be exploited for the isolation or confinement of the desired compounds. In this review, we explore the use of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria as biosynthetic compartments and hosts, and we estimate the levels of production to be expected from photosynthetic hosts in light of the fraction of electrons and carbon that can potentially be diverted from photosynthesis. The supply of reducing power, in the form of electrons derived from the photosynthetic light reactions, appears to be non-limiting, but redirection of the fixed carbon via precursor molecules presents a challenge. We also discuss the available synthetic biology tools and the need to expand the molecular toolbox to facilitate cellular reprogramming for increased production yields in both cyanobacteria and chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Silas Busck Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Artur Jacek Wlodarczyk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Maria Perestrello Ramos H de Jesus
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Brian Christopher King
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kamil Bakowski
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy', Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Schmidt SB, Jensen PE, Husted S. Manganese Deficiency in Plants: The Impact on Photosystem II. Trends Plant Sci 2016; 21:622-632. [PMID: 27150384 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential plant micronutrient with an indispensable function as a catalyst in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). Even so, Mn deficiency frequently occurs without visual leaf symptoms, thereby masking the distribution and dimension of the problem restricting crop productivity in many places of the world. Hence, timely alleviation of latent Mn deficiency is a challenge in promoting plant growth and quality. We describe here the key mechanisms of Mn deficiency in plants by focusing on the impact of Mn on PSII stability and functionality. We also address the mechanisms underlying the differential tolerance towards Mn deficiency observed among plant genotypes, which enable Mn-efficient plants to grow on marginal land with poor Mn availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Molecular Plant Biology Section, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Gnanasekaran T, Karcher D, Nielsen AZ, Martens HJ, Ruf S, Kroop X, Olsen CE, Motawie MS, Pribil M, Møller BL, Bock R, Jensen PE. Transfer of the cytochrome P450-dependent dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts for light-driven synthesis. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:2495-506. [PMID: 26969746 PMCID: PMC4809297 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant chloroplasts are light-driven cell factories that have great potential to act as a chassis for metabolic engineering applications. Using plant chloroplasts, we demonstrate how photosynthetic reducing power can drive a metabolic pathway to synthesise a bio-active natural product. For this purpose, we stably engineered the dhurrin pathway from Sorghum bicolor into the chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glucoside and its synthesis from the amino acid tyrosine is catalysed by two membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP79A1 and CYP71E1) and a soluble glucosyltransferase (UGT85B1), and is dependent on electron transfer from a P450 oxidoreductase. The entire pathway was introduced into the chloroplast by integrating CYP79A1, CYP71E1, and UGT85B1 into a neutral site of the N. tabacum chloroplast genome. The two P450s and the UGT85B1 were functional when expressed in the chloroplasts and converted endogenous tyrosine into dhurrin using electrons derived directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain, without the need for the presence of an NADPH-dependent P450 oxidoreductase. The dhurrin produced in the engineered plants amounted to 0.1-0.2% of leaf dry weight compared to 6% in sorghum. The results obtained pave the way for plant P450s involved in the synthesis of economically important compounds to be engineered into the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and demonstrate that their full catalytic cycle can be driven directly by photosynthesis-derived electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Juel Martens
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Xenia Kroop
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawie
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Center for Synthetic Biology bioSYNergy, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hermanrud C, Ryner M, Luft T, Jensen PE, Ingenhoven K, Rat D, Deisenhammer F, Sørensen PS, Pallardy M, Sikkema D, Bertotti E, Kramer D, Creeke P, Fogdell-Hahn A. Development and validation of cell-based luciferase reporter gene assays for measuring neutralizing anti-drug antibodies against interferon beta. J Immunol Methods 2016; 430:1-9. [PMID: 26779831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing anti-drug antibodies (NAbs) against therapeutic interferon beta (IFNβ) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are measured with cell-based bioassays. The aim of this study was to redevelop and validate two luciferase reporter-gene bioassays, LUC and iLite, using a cut-point approach to identify NAb positive samples. Such an approach is favored by the pharmaceutical industry and governmental regulatory agencies as it has a clear statistical basis and overcomes the limitations of the current assays based on the Kawade principle. The work was conducted following the latest assay guidelines. The assays were re-developed and validated as part of the "Anti-Biopharmaceutical Immunization: Prediction and analysis of clinical relevance to minimize the risk" (ABIRISK) consortium and involved a joint collaboration between four academic laboratories and two pharmaceutical companies. The LUC assay was validated at Innsbruck Medical University (LUCIMU) and at Rigshospitalet (LUCRH) Copenhagen, and the iLite assay at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm. For both assays, the optimal serum sample concentration in relation to sensitivity and recovery was 2.5% (v/v) in assay media. A Shapiro-Wilk test indicated a normal distribution for the majority of runs, allowing a parametric approach for cut-point calculation to be used, where NAb positive samples could be identified with 95% confidence. An analysis of means and variances indicated that a floating cut-point should be used for all assays. The assays demonstrated acceptable sensitivity for being cell-based assays, with a confirmed limit of detection in neat serum of 1519 ng/mL for LUCIMU, 814 ng/mL for LUCRH, and 320 ng/mL for iLite. Use of the validated cut-point assay, in comparison with the previously used Kawade method, identified 14% more NAb positive samples. In conclusion, implementation of the cut-point design resulted in increased sensitivity to detect NAbs. However, the clinical significance of these low positive titers needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hermanrud
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Ryner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, DMSC, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Region H, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Per Soelberg Sørensen
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, DMSC, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Region H, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dan Sikkema
- GlaxoSmithKline, BioPharm Research and Development, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Creeke
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wlodarczyk A, Gnanasekaran T, Nielsen AZ, Zulu NN, Mellor SB, Luckner M, Thøfner JFB, Olsen CE, Mottawie MS, Burow M, Pribil M, Feussner I, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Metabolic engineering of light-driven cytochrome P450 dependent pathways into Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Metab Eng 2016; 33:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gnanasekaran T, Vavitsas K, Andersen-Ranberg J, Nielsen AZ, Olsen CE, Hamberger B, Jensen PE. Heterologous expression of the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana and the effect of N-terminal modifications of the involved cytochrome P450 enzyme. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 26702299 PMCID: PMC4688937 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant terpenoids are known for their diversity, stereochemical complexity, and their commercial interest as pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. Developing biotechnology approaches for the production of these compounds in heterologous hosts can increase their market availability, reduce their cost, and provide sustainable production platforms. In this context, we aimed at producing the antimicrobial diterpenoid isopimaric acid from Sitka spruce. Isopimaric acid is synthesized using geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a precursor molecule that is cyclized by a diterpene synthase in the chloroplast and subsequently oxidized by a cytochrome P450, CYP720B4. Results We transiently expressed the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and enhanced its productivity by the expression of two rate-limiting steps in the pathway (providing the general precursor of diterpenes). This co-expression resulted in 3-fold increase in the accumulation of both isopimaradiene and isopimaric acid detected using GC-MS and LC-MS methodology. We also showed that modifying or deleting the transmembrane helix of CYP720B4 does not alter the enzyme activity and led to successful accumulation of isopimaric acid in the infiltrated leaves. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a modified membrane anchor is a prerequisite for a functional CYP720B4 enzyme when the chloroplast targeting peptide is added. We report the accumulation of 45–55 μg/g plant dry weight of isopimaric acid four days after the infiltration with the modified enzymes. Conclusions It is possible to localize a diterpenoid pathway from spruce fully within the chloroplast of N. benthamiana and a few modifications of the N-terminal sequences of the CYP720B4 can facilitate the expression of plant P450s in the plastids. The coupling of terpene biosynthesis closer to photosynthesis paves the way for light-driven biosynthesis of valuable terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Present address: Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 371 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Steccanella V, Hansson M, Jensen PE. Linking chlorophyll biosynthesis to a dynamic plastoquinone pool. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 97:207-16. [PMID: 26480470 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls are essential cofactors in photosynthesis. All steps in the chlorophyll pathway are well characterized except for the cyclase reaction in which the fifth ring of the chlorophyll molecule is formed during conversion of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester into Protochlorophyllide. The only subunit of the cyclase identified so far, is AcsF (Xantha-l in barley and Chl27 in Arabidopsis). This subunit contains a typical consensus di-iron-binding sequence and belongs to a subgroup of di-iron proteins, such as the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) in the chloroplast and the alternative oxidase (AOX) found in mitochondria. In order to complete the catalytic cycle, the irons of these proteins need to be reduced from Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and either a reductase or another form of reductant is required. It has been reported that the alternative oxidase (AOX) and the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) utilize the di-iron center to oxidise ubiquinol and plastoquinol, respectively. In this paper, we have used a specific inhibitor of di-iron proteins as well as Arabidopsis and barley mutants affected in regulation of photosynthetic electron flow, to show that the cyclase step indeed is directly coupled to the plastoquinone pool. Thus, plastoquinol might act as an electron donor for the cyclase reaction and thereby fulfil the role of a cyclase reductase. That would provide a functional connection between the redox status of the thylakoids and the biosynthesis of chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Steccanella
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvgaten 35, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, VILLUM Research Center "Plant Plasticity", Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Gangl D, Zedler JAZ, Rajakumar PD, Martinez EMR, Riseley A, Włodarczyk A, Purton S, Sakuragi Y, Howe CJ, Jensen PE, Robinson C. Biotechnological exploitation of microalgae. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:6975-90. [PMID: 26400987 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a diverse group of single-cell photosynthetic organisms that include cyanobacteria and a wide range of eukaryotic algae. A number of microalgae contain high-value compounds such as oils, colorants, and polysaccharides, which are used by the food additive, oil, and cosmetic industries, among others. They offer the potential for rapid growth under photoautotrophic conditions, and they can grow in a wide range of habitats. More recently, the development of genetic tools means that a number of species can be transformed and hence used as cell factories for the production of high-value chemicals or recombinant proteins. In this article, we review exploitation use of microalgae with a special emphasis on genetic engineering approaches to develop cell factories, and the use of synthetic ecology approaches to maximize productivity. We discuss the success stories in these areas, the hurdles that need to be overcome, and the potential for expanding the industry in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Gangl
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Julie A Z Zedler
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Priscilla D Rajakumar
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Erick M Ramos Martinez
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony Riseley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Artur Włodarczyk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saul Purton
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yumiko Sakuragi
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher J Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin Robinson
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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Midttun M, Azad BBS, Broholm R, Jensen LT, Svarer C, Jensen PE. Heat-washout measurements compared to distal blood pressure and perfusion in orthopaedic patients with foot ulcers. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:79-83. [PMID: 26278541 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Distal blood pressure and local skin perfusion pressure were compared to measurement of blood flow rate (BFR) measured by the heat-washout method in orthopaedic patients with and without diabetes, all with a foot ulcer in one foot, compared to healthy controls. The correlation was good between heat-washout and distal blood pressure in patients with diabetes with and without an ulcer (P = 0·024 and 0·059, respectively). The correlation was weak in patients without diabetes with and without an ulcer, most probably due to power problems (P = 0·118 and 0·116, respectively). The correlation in the healthy controls was poor (P = 0·333 and 0·685 for right and left 1. Toe, respectively) probably because not all measurements were performed under optimal conditions with maximally dilated arterioles and warm hands and feet. The patients already have maximally dilated arterioles to extract the maximal amount of oxygen from the surrounding tissue, and therefore, measurements are easier made in these subjects. BFR in the first toe increased significantly in all patients when the foot was moved from heart level to 50 cm below heart level (P = between 0·03 and 0·05) as previously seen in patients with claudication. There was no statistical difference in the healthy controls, consistent with previous findings. These results may indicate that the heat-washout method can be used as an alternative to strain gauge blood pressure in the evaluation of peripheral artery disease and wound healing potentials. Furthermore, the heat-washout measurements can be used bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Midttun
- Department of Geriatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - B B S Azad
- Department of Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - R Broholm
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L T Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - C Svarer
- Neurobiological Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P E Jensen
- Department of Orthopedics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Schmidt SB, Persson DP, Powikrowska M, Frydenvang J, Schjoerring JK, Jensen PE, Husted S. Metal Binding in Photosystem II Super- and Subcomplexes from Barley Thylakoids. Plant Physiol 2015; 168:1490-502. [PMID: 26084923 PMCID: PMC4528757 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metals exert important functions in the chloroplast of plants, where they act as cofactors and catalysts in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In particular, manganese (Mn) has a key function because of its indispensable role in the water-splitting reaction of photosystem II (PSII). More and better knowledge is required on how the various complexes of PSII are affected in response to, for example, nutritional disorders and other environmental stress conditions. We here present, to our knowledge, a new method that allows the analysis of metal binding in intact photosynthetic complexes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) thylakoids. The method is based on size exclusion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Proper fractionation of PSII super- and subcomplexes was achieved by critical selection of elution buffers, detergents for protein solubilization, and stabilizers to maintain complex integrity. The applicability of the method was shown by quantification of Mn binding in PSII from thylakoids of two barley genotypes with contrasting Mn efficiency exposed to increasing levels of Mn deficiency. The amount of PSII supercomplexes was drastically reduced in response to Mn deficiency. The Mn efficient genotype bound significantly more Mn per unit of PSII under control and mild Mn deficiency conditions than the inefficient genotype, despite having lower or similar total leaf Mn concentrations. It is concluded that the new method facilitates studies of the internal use of Mn and other biometals in various PSII complexes as well as their relative dynamics according to changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Birkelund Schmidt
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marta Powikrowska
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Frydenvang
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science (S.B.S., D.P.P., J.F., J.K.S., S.H.) andMolecular Plant Biology (M.P., P.E.J.) Sections, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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de Bang TC, Petersen J, Pedas PR, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Jensen ON, Schjoerring JK, Jensen PE, Thelen JJ, Husted S. A laser ablation ICP-MS based method for multiplexed immunoblot analysis: applications to manganese-dependent protein dynamics of photosystem II in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant J 2015; 83:555-565. [PMID: 26095749 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) constitutes an essential co-factor in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II (PSII). Consequently, Mn deficiency reduces photosynthetic efficiency and leads to changes in PSII composition. In order to study these changes, multiplexed protein assays are advantageous. Here, we developed a multiplexed antibody-based assay and analysed selected PSII subunits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A selection of antibodies were labelled with specific lanthanides and immunoreacted with thylakoids exposed to Mn deficiency after western blotting. Subsequently, western blot membranes were analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), which allowed selective and relative quantitative analysis via the different lanthanides. The method was evaluated against established liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) methods, based on data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Manganese deficiency resulted in a general decrease in PSII protein abundances, an effect that was shown to be reversible upon Mn re-supplementation. Specifically, the extrinsic proteins PsbP and PsbQ showed Mn-dependent changes in abundances. Similar trends in the response to Mn deficiency at the protein level were observed when comparing DDA, SRM and LA-ICP-MS results. A biologically important exception to this trend was the loss of PsbO in the SRM analysis, which highlights the necessity of validating protein changes by more than one technique. The developed method enables a higher number of proteins to be multiplexed in comparison to existing immunoassays. Furthermore, multiplexed protein analysis by LA-ICP-MS provides an analytical platform with high throughput appropriate for screening large collections of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Christian de Bang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ole Noerregaard Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Gangl D, Zedler JAZ, Włodarczyk A, Jensen PE, Purton S, Robinson C. Expression and membrane-targeting of an active plant cytochrome P450 in the chloroplast of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Phytochemistry 2015; 110:22-8. [PMID: 25556316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has potential as a cell factory for the production of recombinant proteins and other compounds, but mainstream adoption has been hindered by a scarcity of genetic tools and a need to identify products that can be generated in a cost-effective manner. A promising strategy is to use algal chloroplasts as a site for synthesis of high value bioactive compounds such as diterpenoids since these are derived from metabolic building blocks that occur naturally within the organelle. However, synthesis of these complex plant metabolites requires the introduction of membrane-associated enzymes including cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s). Here, we show that a gene (CYP79A1) encoding a model P450 can be introduced into the C. reinhardtii chloroplast genome using a simple transformation system. The gene is stably expressed and the P450 is efficiently targeted into chloroplast membranes by means of its endogenous N-terminal anchor domain, where it is active and accounts for 0.4% of total cell protein. These results provide proof of concept for the introduction of diterpenoid synthesis pathways into the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Gangl
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Z Zedler
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Włodarczyk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saul Purton
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Robinson
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom.
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Enevold C, Kjær L, Nielsen CH, Voss A, Jacobsen RS, Hermansen MLF, Redder L, Oturai AB, Jensen PE, Bendtzen K, Jacobsen S. Genetic polymorphisms of dsRNA ligating pattern recognition receptors TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I. Association with systemic lupus erythematosus and clinical phenotypes. Rheumatol Int 2014; 34:1401-8. [PMID: 24719229 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate possible associations between genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 3, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including the phenotypes lupus nephritis and malar rash, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-containing complexes. Genotyping was carried out in two Danish cohorts [Copenhagen (CPH) and Odense (ODE)] totaling 344 patients and was compared with 641 previously genotyped healthy controls. In the ODE cohort, the patients were only genotyped for the rs1990760 polymorphism of IFIH1. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by a multiplex bead-based assay (CPH cohort) or real-time PCR (ODE cohort). Associations were investigated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. The odds ratio (OR) for minor allele homozygotes versus major allele homozygotes suggested a protective effect of the IFIH1 rs1990760 SNP for SLE in the ODE cohort [OR 0.52, 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) 0.31-0.88, Pcorr. = 0.05] but not in the CPH cohort, although the OR suggested a trend in the same direction, and when combining the two patient cohorts, ORs were 0.57, 95 % CI 0.37-0.88. None of the other investigated polymorphisms showed any association with SLE. Regarding phenotypes, we found a statistically significant association between rs1990760 and malar rash in the CPH cohort, with ORs suggesting a protective effect (OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.13-0.62 for heterozygotes and OR 0.11, 95 % CI 0.03-0.41 for homozygotes, Pcorr. = 0.0001). There were no significant associations between rs1990760 and presence of anti-dsDNA, anti-U1RNP, or anti-Smith antibodies. Our study supports previous findings of an association between the rs1990760 polymorphism of IFIH1 and SLE and indicates that this SNP may also be associated with malar rash in SLE patients although this finding needs confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Enevold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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Lassen LM, Nielsen AZ, Olsen CE, Bialek W, Jensen K, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Anchoring a plant cytochrome P450 via PsaM to the thylakoids in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002: evidence for light-driven biosynthesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102184. [PMID: 25025215 PMCID: PMC4099078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce an immense variety of specialized metabolites, many of which are of high value as their bioactive properties make them useful as for instance pharmaceuticals. The compounds are often produced at low levels in the plant, and due to their complex structures, chemical synthesis may not be feasible. Here, we take advantage of the reducing equivalents generated in photosynthesis in developing an approach for producing plant bioactive natural compounds in a photosynthetic microorganism by functionally coupling a biosynthetic enzyme to photosystem I. This enables driving of the enzymatic reactions with electrons extracted from the photosynthetic electron transport chain. As a proof of concept, we have genetically fused the soluble catalytic domain of the cytochrome P450 CYP79A1, originating from the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of Sorghum bicolor, to a photosystem I subunit in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, thereby targeting it to the thylakoids. The engineered enzyme showed light-driven activity both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating the possibility to achieve light-driven biosynthesis of high-value plant specialized metabolites in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Münter Lassen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wojciech Bialek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kenneth Jensen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, the VILLUM Research Center “Plant Plasticity”, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
In this review, we consider a selection of recent advances in chloroplast biology. These include new findings concerning chloroplast evolution, such as the identification of Chlamydiae as a third partner in primary endosymbiosis, a second instance of primary endosymbiosis represented by the chromatophores found in amoebae of the genus Paulinella, and a new explanation for the longevity of captured chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) in sacoglossan sea slugs. The controversy surrounding the three-dimensional structure of grana, its recent resolution by tomographic analyses, and the role of the CURVATURE THYLAKOID1 (CURT1) proteins in supporting grana formation are also discussed. We also present an updated inventory of photosynthetic proteins and the factors involved in the assembly of thylakoid multiprotein complexes, and evaluate findings that reveal that cyclic electron flow involves NADPH dehydrogenase (NDH)- and PGRL1/PGR5-dependent pathways, both of which receive electrons from ferredoxin. Other topics covered in this review include new protein components of nucleoids, an updated inventory of the chloroplast proteome, new enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis and new candidate messengers in retrograde signaling. Finally, we discuss the first successful synthetic biology approaches that resulted in chloroplasts in which electrons from the photosynthetic light reactions are fed to enzymes derived from secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichGroßhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-MartinsriedGermany
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50
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Jensen PE, Leister D. Cyanobacteria as an Experimental Platform for Modifying Bacterial and Plant Photosynthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:7. [PMID: 25024050 PMCID: PMC4090889 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Dario Leister
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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