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Hansson M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Stuart D, Svensson JT, Dockter C, Stein N, Waugh R, Lundqvist U, Franckowiak J. A guide to barley mutants. Hereditas 2024; 161:11. [PMID: 38454479 PMCID: PMC10921644 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutants have had a fundamental impact upon scientific and applied genetics. They have paved the way for the molecular and genomic era, and most of today's crop plants are derived from breeding programs involving mutagenic treatments. RESULTS Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most widely grown cereals in the world and has a long history as a crop plant. Barley breeding started more than 100 years ago and large breeding programs have collected and generated a wide range of natural and induced mutants, which often were deposited in genebanks around the world. In recent years, an increased interest in genetic diversity has brought many historic mutants into focus because the collections are regarded as valuable resources for understanding the genetic control of barley biology and barley breeding. The increased interest has been fueled also by recent advances in genomic research, which provided new tools and possibilities to analyze and reveal the genetic diversity of mutant collections. CONCLUSION Since detailed knowledge about phenotypic characters of the mutants is the key to success of genetic and genomic studies, we here provide a comprehensive description of mostly morphological barley mutants. The review is closely linked to the International Database for Barley Genes and Barley Genetic Stocks ( bgs.nordgen.org ) where further details and additional images of each mutant described in this review can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | | | - David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan T Svensson
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Växthusvägen 12, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Christoph Dockter
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J. C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, E06466, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Växthusvägen 12, 23456, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jerome Franckowiak
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Sayed MA, Allam M, Heck QK, Urbanavičiūtė I, Rutten T, Stuart D, Zakhrabekova S, Börner A, Pillen K, Hansson M, Youssef HM. Analyses of MADS-box Genes Suggest HvMADS56 to Regulate Lateral Spikelet Development in Barley. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2825. [PMID: 34961296 PMCID: PMC8703372 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors are crucial regulators of inflorescence and flower development in plants. Therefore, the recent interest in this family has received much attention in plant breeding programs due to their impact on plant development and inflorescence architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HvMADS-box genes in lateral spikelet development in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A set of 30 spike-contrasting barley lines were phenotypically and genotypically investigated under controlled conditions. We detected clear variations in the spike and spikelet development during the developmental stages among the tested lines. The lateral florets in the deficiens and semi-deficiens lines were more reduced than in two-rowed cultivars except cv. Kristina. Interestingly, cv. Kristina, int-h.43 and int-i.39 exhibited the same behavior as def.5, def.6, semi-def.1, semi-def.8 regarding development and showed reduced lateral florets size. In HOR1555, HOR7191 and HOR7041, the lateral florets continued their development, eventually setting seeds. In contrast, lateral florets in two-rowed barley stopped differentiating after the awn primordia stage giving rise to lateral floret sterility. At harvest, the lines tested showed large variation for all central and lateral spikelet-related traits. Phylogenetic analysis showed that more than half of the 108 MADS-box genes identified are highly conserved and are expressed in different barley tissues. Re-sequence analysis of a subset of these genes showed clear polymorphism in either SNPs or in/del. Variation in HvMADS56 correlated with altered lateral spikelet morphology. This suggests that HvMADS56 plays an important role in lateral spikelet development in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Sayed
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.S.); (T.R.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Allam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, Egypt;
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, Via S. C. de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Quinn Kalby Heck
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ieva Urbanavičiūtė
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Tuscia University, Via S. C. de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.S.); (T.R.); (A.B.)
| | - David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.S.); (T.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (Q.K.H.); (D.S.); (S.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Stuart D, Sandström M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Jensen PE, Bollivar D, Hansson M. Barley Viridis-k links an evolutionarily conserved C-type ferredoxin to chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Cell 2021; 33:2834-2849. [PMID: 34051099 PMCID: PMC8408499 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxins are single-electron carrier proteins involved in various cellular reactions. In chloroplasts, the most abundant ferredoxin accepts electrons from photosystem I and shuttles electrons via ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase to generate NADPH or directly to ferredoxin dependent enzymes. In addition, plants contain other isoforms of ferredoxins. Two of these, named FdC1 and FdC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, have C-terminal extensions and functions that are poorly understood. Here we identified disruption of the orthologous FdC2 gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants at the Viridis-k locus; these mutants are deficient in the aerobic cyclase reaction of chlorophyll biosynthesis. The magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase is one of the least characterized enzymes of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway and its electron donor has long been sought. Agroinfiltrations showed that the viridis-k phenotype could be complemented in vivo by Viridis-k but not by canonical ferredoxin. VirK could drive the cyclase reaction in vitro and analysis of cyclase mutants showed that in vivo accumulation of VirK is dependent on cyclase enzyme levels. The chlorophyll deficient phenotype of viridis-k mutants suggests that VirK plays an essential role in chlorophyll biosynthesis that cannot be replaced by other ferredoxins, thus assigning a specific function to this isoform of C-type ferredoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | | | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg DK-1958, Denmark
| | - David Bollivar
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL 61702-2900, USA
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
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Youssef HM, Allam M, Boussora F, Himmelbach A, Milner SG, Mascher M, Schnurbusch T. Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Lateral and Central Spikelet Development and Grain Traits in Intermedium-Spike Barley ( Hordeum vulgare Convar. Intermedium). Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9121655. [PMID: 33256118 PMCID: PMC7760360 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the major grain crops worldwide and considered as a model plant for temperate cereals. One of the barley row-type groups, named intermedium-barley, was used in our previous study where we reported that other genetic loci rather than vrs1 and Int-c could play a role in lateral spikelet development and even in setting grains. To continue this work, we used phenotypic and genotypic data of 254 intermedium-spike barley accessions aimed at dissecting the genetic basis of development and grain traits of lateral and central spikelet using genome wide association (GWAS) analysis. After genotypic data filtering, 8,653 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were used for GWAS analysis. A total of 169 significant associations were identified and we focused only on the subset of associations that exceeded the p < 10−4 threshold. Thirty-three highly significant marker-trait-associations (MTAs), represented in 28 different SNPs on all seven chromosomes for the central and/or lateral spikelet traits; such as kernel length, width, area, weight, unfilled spikelet and 1000-kernel weight, were detected. Highly significant associated markers were anchored physically using barley genome sequencing to identify candidate genes to either contain the SNPs or the closest gene to the SNP position. The results showed that 12 MTAs were specific for lateral spikelet traits, nine MTAs were specific for central spikelet traits and seven MTAs for both central and lateral traits. All together, the GWAS and candidate gene results support our hypothesis that lateral spikelet development could be regulated by loci different from those regulating central spikelet development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M. Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.M.Y.); (T.S.); Tel.: 49-3455522683 (H.M.Y.)
| | - Mohamed Allam
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assuit 71526, Egypt
| | - Faiza Boussora
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Route du Djorf km 22.5, Médénine 4100, Tunisia
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara G. Milner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (M.A.); (F.B.); (A.H.); (S.G.M.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.M.Y.); (T.S.); Tel.: 49-3455522683 (H.M.Y.)
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Stuart D, Sandström M, Youssef HM, Zakhrabekova S, Jensen PE, Bollivar DW, Hansson M. Aerobic Barley Mg-protoporphyrin IX Monomethyl Ester Cyclase is Powered by Electrons from Ferredoxin. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091157. [PMID: 32911631 PMCID: PMC7570240 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the light-harvesting molecule central to the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is synthesized through 15 enzymatic steps. Most of the reactions have been characterized using recombinant proteins. One exception is the formation of the isocyclic E-ring characteristic of chlorophylls. This reaction is catalyzed by the Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase encoded by Xantha-l in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The Xantha-l gene product (XanL) is a membrane-bound diiron monooxygenase, which requires additional soluble and membrane-bound components for its activity. XanL has so far been impossible to produce as an active recombinant protein for in vitro assays, which is required for deeper biochemical and structural analyses. In the present work, we performed cyclase assays with soluble and membrane-bound fractions of barley etioplasts. Addition of antibodies raised against ferredoxin or ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductase (FNR) inhibited assays, strongly suggesting that reducing electrons for the cyclase reaction involves ferredoxin and FNR. We further developed a completely recombinant cyclase assay. Expression of active XanL required co-expression with an additional protein, Ycf54. In vitro cyclase activity was obtained with recombinant XanL in combination with ferredoxin and FNR. Our experiment demonstrates that the cyclase is a ferredoxin-dependent enzyme. Ferredoxin is part of the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, which suggests that the cyclase reaction might be connected to photosynthesis under light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Malin Sandström
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Helmy M. Youssef
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Shakhira Zakhrabekova
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - David W. Bollivar
- Department of Biology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL P.O. Box 2900, USA;
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (D.S.); (M.S.); (H.M.Y.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-46-2224980
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Youssef HM, Koppolu R, Rutten T, Korzun V, Schweizer P, Schnurbusch T. Correction to: Genetic mapping of the labile (lab) gene: a recessive locus causing irregular spikelet fertility in labile-barley (Hordeum vulgare convar. labile). Theor Appl Genet 2020; 133:2759. [PMID: 32696169 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While continuing our quest towards the identification of the labile (lab) locus in barley, we discovered that the previously assigned map location on the long arm of chromosome 5H was wrong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3 OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3 OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3 OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Viktor Korzun
- Cereals Biotechnology, KWS LOCHOW GMBH, 37574, Einbeck, Germany
| | - Patrick Schweizer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3 OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3 OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
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Mahdi R, Stuart D, Hansson M, Youssef HM. Heterologous Expression of the Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Xantha-f, -g and -h Genes that Encode Magnesium Chelatase Subunits. Protein J 2020; 39:554-562. [PMID: 32737834 PMCID: PMC7704502 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of chlorophyll involves several enzymatic reactions of which many are shared with the heme biosynthesis pathway. Magnesium chelatase is the first specific enzyme in the chlorophyll pathway. It catalyzes the formation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX from the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX. The enzyme consists of three subunits encoded by three genes. The three genes are named Xantha-h, Xantha-g and Xantha-f in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The products of the genes have a molecular weight of 38, 78 and 148 kDa, respectively, as mature proteins in the chloroplast. Most studies on magnesium chelatase enzymes have been performed using recombinant proteins of Rhodobacter capsulatus, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Thermosynechococcus elongatus, which are photosynthetic bacteria. In the present study we established a recombinant expression system for barley magnesium chelatase with the long-term goal to obtain structural information of this enigmatic enzyme complex from a higher plant. The genes Xantha-h, -g and -f were cloned in plasmid pET15b, which allowed the production of the three subunits as His-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. The purified subunits stimulated magnesium chelatase activity of barley plastid extracts and produced activity in assays with only recombinant proteins. In preparation for future structural analyses of the barley magnesium chelatase, stability tests were performed on the subunits and activity assays were screened to find an optimal buffer system and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Mahdi
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Stuart
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden. .,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The hormonal ratios along the barley spike regulate the development, atrophy and abortion of the spikelets and could be the mechanism by which the barley spike adapts its yield potential. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest cereal crops known to be cultivated since about 10,000 years. The inflorescence of cultivated barley is an indeterminate spike that produces three single-flowered spikelets at each rachis node which make it unique among the grasses. The yield production in barley is predominantly controlled by very important parameters such as number of tillers and number of spikelets per spike. These two parameters are negatively correlated. Therefore, studying the biological and genetics of the spikelet development during the spike developmental stages is essential for breeding programs. Here we summarize our current understanding of the crosstalk between hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and abscisic acid along the spike and what is their role in regulating spike and spikelet development in barley. We conclude that the hormonal ratios at the apical, central, and basal sections of the spike not only regulate the spike developmental stages, but also the development, atrophy, and abortion of the spikelets. This hormonal dependent modification of the grain number along the spike could be the mechanism by which the barley spike adapts its yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362, Lund, Sweden
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Boussora F, Allam M, Guasmi F, Ferchichi A, Rutten T, Hansson M, Youssef HM, Börner A. Spike developmental stages and ABA role in spikelet primordia abortion contribute to the final yield in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Bot Stud 2019; 60:13. [PMID: 31292768 PMCID: PMC6620232 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is a significant environmental stress factor limiting crops productivity. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has a natural tolerance to salinity stress, making it an interesting study object in stress biology research. In the present study, for the first time the effect of salinity stress on barley inflorescence developmental stages was investigated. Five spring barley genotypes irrigated with saline water (12.5 ds/m NaCl) were compared to controls treated with normal tap water. We measured abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in the apical, central and basal sections of the immature inflorescence at green anther (GA) stage. The role of ABA in spikelet primordia development, atrophy and abortion and final yield was evaluated. RESULTS A time course experiment starting from double ridge until green anther (GA) stages revealed that salinity reduced the length of spike developmental stages in all genotypes causing shortened of the plant life cycle. The shortened plant life cycle negatively affected plant height and number of tillers/plant. Salinity also affected spikelet primordia development. In both control and salinity treated plants apical spikelet abortion started in late awn primordium (AP) stage. However, under salinity treatment, significantly more spikelets were aborted, thus directly affecting plant yield potential. ABA, which plays a role in the spikelet/floret abortion process, was markedly elevated in the base and apex of salt treated spikes correlating with an increased spikelet abortion in these regions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, salinity treatment reduced all plant and yield-related parameters investigated and turned some of the correlations among them from positive to negative or vice versa. Investigations of ABA role in floral development and phase duration of barley spike showed that, ABA regulates the spikelet/floret abortion process affecting the yield potential under salinity and control conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Boussora
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Route du Djorf Km 22.5, Médénine, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte (FSB), 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Allam
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Ferdaous Guasmi
- Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine, Route du Djorf Km 22.5, Médénine, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ferchichi
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.
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Alqudah AM, Youssef HM, Graner A, Schnurbusch T. Natural variation and genetic make-up of leaf blade area in spring barley. Theor Appl Genet 2018; 131:873-886. [PMID: 29350248 PMCID: PMC5852197 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GWAS analysis for leaf blade area (LA) revealed intriguing genomic regions associated with putatively novel QTL and known plant stature-related phytohormone and sugar-related genes. Despite long-standing studies in the morpho-physiological characters of leaf blade area (LA) in cereal crops, advanced genetic studies to explore its natural variation are lacking. The importance of modifying LA in improving cereal grain yield and the genes controlling leaf traits have been well studied in rice but not in temperate cereals. To better understand the natural genetic variation of LA at four developmental stages, main culm LA was measured from 215 worldwide spring barleys including 92 photoperiod-sensitive accessions [PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE LOCUS 1 (Ppd-H1)] and 123 accessions with reduced photoperiod sensitivity (ppd-H1) locus under controlled greenhouse conditions (long-day; 16/8 h; ~ 20/~ 16 °C day/night). The LA of Ppd-H1-carrying accessions was always smaller than in ppd-H1-carrying accessions. We found that nine SNPs from the Ppd-H1 gene were present in the collection of which marker 9 (M9; G/T in the CCT-domain) showed the most significant and consistent effect on LA at all studied developmental stages. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) showed that the accessions carrying the ppd-H1 allele T/M9 (late heading) possessed more genetic variation in LA than the Ppd-H1 group carrying G/M9 (early heading). Several QTL with major effects on LA variation were found close to plant stature-related heading time, phytohormone- and sugar-related genes. The results provide evidence that natural variation of LA is an important source for improving grain yield, adaptation and canopy architecture of temperate cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Alqudah
- HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Andreas Graner
- Research Group Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
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Youssef HM, Eggert K, Koppolu R, Alqudah AM, Poursarebani N, Fazeli A, Sakuma S, Tagiri A, Rutten T, Govind G, Lundqvist U, Graner A, Komatsuda T, Sreenivasulu N, Schnurbusch T. VRS2 regulates hormone-mediated inflorescence patterning in barley. Nat Genet 2016; 49:157-161. [PMID: 27841879 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant architecture has clear agronomic and economic implications for crops such as wheat and barley, as it is a critical factor for determining grain yield. Despite this, only limited molecular information is available about how grain-bearing inflorescences, called spikes, are formed and maintain their regular, distichous pattern. Here we elucidate the molecular and hormonal role of Six-rowed spike 2 (Vrs2), which encodes a SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) transcriptional regulator during barley inflorescence and shoot development. We show that Vrs2 is specifically involved in floral organ patterning and phase duration by maintaining hormonal homeostasis and gradients during normal spike development and similarly influences plant stature traits. Furthermore, we establish a link between the SHI protein family and sucrose metabolism during organ growth and development that may have implications for deeper molecular insights into inflorescence and plant architecture in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kai Eggert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ahmad M Alqudah
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Arash Fazeli
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shun Sakuma
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Geetha Govind
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,Reliance R&D Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Andreas Graner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.,International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Hammad AM, Youssef HM, El-Arman MM. Transforming growth factor beta 1 in children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a possible relation with clinical presentation of lupus nephritis. Lupus 2016; 15:608-12. [PMID: 17080918 DOI: 10.1177/0961203306071873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma and urinary (latent and active) TGF-β1 levels were assessed in 32 children with active lupus and compared to 15 healthy controls of matched age and sex. Plasma latent and active TGF-β1 levels in children with active disease were significantly lower than controls ( P = 0.004 and P < 0.001 respectively). Plasma active TGF-β1 correlated negatively with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index ( r =-0.38, P = 0.03). On the contrary, urinary latent and active TGF-β1 levels in children with active disease were significantly higher than controls ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively). Urinary active TGF-β1 levels correlated positively with Anti-ds DNA titre ( r = 0.42, P = 0.015) and negatively with serum C3 levels ( r =-0.48, P = 0.005). Patients with symptomatic nephritis had significantly elevated urinary active TGF-β1 levels in comparison to those with silent nephritis ( P = 0.008). From this data we conclude that lowered plasma TGF-β1 levels may be a feature of systemic immune dysfunction in children with active lupus while increased renal production of active TGF-β1 seems to have a role in the clinical presentation of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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Poursarebani N, Seidensticker T, Koppolu R, Trautewig C, Gawroński P, Bini F, Govind G, Rutten T, Sakuma S, Tagiri A, Wolde GM, Youssef HM, Battal A, Ciannamea S, Fusca T, Nussbaumer T, Pozzi C, Börner A, Lundqvist U, Komatsuda T, Salvi S, Tuberosa R, Uauy C, Sreenivasulu N, Rossini L, Schnurbusch T. The Genetic Basis of Composite Spike Form in Barley and 'Miracle-Wheat'. Genetics 2015; 201:155-65. [PMID: 26156223 PMCID: PMC4566260 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.176628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflorescences of the tribe Triticeae, which includes wheat (Triticum sp. L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are characterized by sessile spikelets directly borne on the main axis, thus forming a branchless spike. 'Compositum-Barley' and tetraploid 'Miracle-Wheat' (T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) display noncanonical spike-branching in which spikelets are replaced by lateral branch-like structures resembling small-sized secondary spikes. As a result of this branch formation 'Miracle-Wheat' produces significantly more grains per spike, leading to higher spike yield. In this study, we first isolated the gene underlying spike-branching in 'Compositum-Barley,' i.e., compositum 2 (com2). Moreover, we found that COM2 is orthologous to the branched head(t) (bh(t)) locus regulating spike branching in tetraploid 'Miracle-Wheat.' Both genes possess orthologs with similar functions in maize BRANCHED SILKLESS 1 (BD1) and rice FRIZZY PANICLE/BRANCHED FLORETLESS 1 (FZP/BFL1) encoding AP2/ERF transcription factors. Sequence analysis of the bh(t) locus in a collection of mutant and wild-type tetraploid wheat accessions revealed that a single amino acid substitution in the DNA-binding domain gave rise to the domestication of 'Miracle-Wheat.' mRNA in situ hybridization, microarray experiments, and independent qRT-PCR validation analyses revealed that the branch repression pathway in barley is governed through the spike architecture gene Six-rowed spike 4 regulating COM2 expression, while HvIDS1 (barley ortholog of maize INDETERMINATE SPIKELET 1) is a putative downstream target of COM2. These findings presented here provide new insights into the genetic basis of spike architecture in Triticeae, and have disclosed new targets for genetic manipulations aiming at boosting wheat's yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Tina Seidensticker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Corinna Trautewig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Federica Bini
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Geetha Govind
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Shun Sakuma
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Plant Genome Research Unit, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Plant Genome Research Unit, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
| | - Gizaw M Wolde
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdulhamit Battal
- John Innes Centre, Department of Crop Genetics, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Cankaya, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Udda Lundqvist
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Plant Genome Research Unit, Tsukuba 305 8602, Japan
| | - Silvio Salvi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Department of Crop Genetics, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Laura Rossini
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, 26900 Lodi, Italy Università degli Studi di Milano, DiSAA, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
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Youssef HM, Koppolu R, Rutten T, Korzun V, Schweizer P, Schnurbusch T. Genetic mapping of the labile (lab) gene: a recessive locus causing irregular spikelet fertility in labile-barley (Hordeum vulgare convar. labile). Theor Appl Genet 2014; 127:1123-1131. [PMID: 24563243 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The recessive labile locus mapped on chromosome 5HL causes irregular spikelet fertility and controls floret development as well as row-type in barley. The labile-barley displays a variable number of fertile spikelets at each rachis internode (0-3 fertile spikelets/rachis internode) which is intermediate between that observed in two- or six-rowed types. Previous re-sequencing of Vrs1 in 219 labile-barley (Hordeum vulgare L. convar. labile) accessions showed that all carried a six-rowed specific allele. We therefore hypothesized that this seemingly random reduction in spikelet fertility is most likely caused by the labile (lab) locus, which we aimed to phenotypically and genetically define. Here, we report a detailed phenotypic analysis of spikelet fertility in labile-barleys in comparison to two- and six-rowed genotypes using scanning electron microscopy analysis. We found that the first visible morphological deviation occurred during the stamen primordium stage, when we regularly observed the appearance of arrested central floral primordia in labile but not in two- or six-rowed barleys. At late stamen and early awn primordium stages, lateral florets in two-rowed and only some in labile-barley showed retarded development and reduction in size compared with fully fertile lateral florets in six-rowed barley. We used two F2 mapping populations to generate whole genome genetic linkage maps and ultimately locate the lab locus as a recessive Mendelian trait to a 4.5-5.8 cM interval at approximately 80 cM on chromosome 5HL. Our results will help identifying the role of the lab gene in relation to other spikelet fertility factors in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
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Abstract
The objectives were to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Anti-CCP antibodies were checked by ELISA in 68 children with JIA, 38 males and 30 females with mean age of 10.6 (+/-4.02) years and disease duration of 3.7 (+/-1.8) years. Thirty-eight (56%) patients had polyarticular disease, 20 (29%) patients had oligoarticular disease and 10 (15%) patients had systemic onset disease. All patients had their antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF) and ESR checked and x-rays performed to look for erosions. Results were compared to those of 20 healthy children, 14 children with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and 30 adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-CCP antibodies were positive in 14/68 (20.6%) patients with JIA, all had polyarticular-onset disease. All patients with positive anti-CCP antibodies had RF-positive polyarthritis. Anti-CCP antibodies were negative in all patients with oligoarticular-onset and systemic-onset disease including 2 patients with extended oligoarthritis. Anti-CCP antibodies were negative in healthy and JSLE controls but were positive in 20/30 (66.5%) adults with RA. Anti-CCP antibodies correlated significantly with joint erosions in patients with JIA (p = 0.004) but no significant relation was found between anti-CCP antibodies and ANA positivity or raised ESR. These data confirm that anti-CCP antibodies are less prevalent in JIA than adult RA but are detectable in a significant proportion of RF-positive patients with polyarticular-onset JIA. The current study showed significant relation between anti-CCP positivity and erosive joint disease in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Habib
- Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Galarraga B, Ho M, Youssef HM, Hill A, McMahon H, Hall C, Ogston S, Nuki G, Belch JJF. Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:665-9. [PMID: 18362100 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dose-dependant gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side-effects limit the use of NSAIDs in the management of RA. The n-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) have previously demonstrated some anti-inflammatory and NSAID-sparing properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether cod liver oil supplementation helps reduce daily NSAID requirement of patients with RA. METHODS Dual-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study of 9 months' duration. Ninety-seven patients with RA were randomized to take either 10 g of cod liver oil containing 2.2 g of n-3 EFAs or air-filled identical placebo capsules. Documentation of NSAID daily requirement, clinical and laboratory parameters of RA disease activity and safety checks were done at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks. At 12 weeks, patients were instructed to gradually reduce, and if possible, stop their NSAID intake. Relative reduction of daily NSAID requirement by >30% after 9 months was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (60%) completed the study. Out of 49 patients 19 (39%) in the cod liver oil group and out of 48 patients 5 (10%) in the placebo group were able to reduce their daily NSAID requirement by >30% (P = 0.002, chi-squared test). No differences between the groups were observed in the clinical parameters of RA disease activity or in the side-effects observed. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that cod liver oil supplements containing n-3 fatty acids can be used as NSAID-sparing agents in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Galarraga
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, University Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Youssef HM, Doncel GF, Bassiouni BA, Acosta AA. Effect of sperm viability, plasmalemma integrity, and capacitation on patterns of expression of mannose-binding sites on human sperm. Arch Androl 1997; 38:67-74. [PMID: 9017124 DOI: 10.3109/01485019708988533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize patterns of surface expression of mannose-binding sites (MBS) on human spermatozoa while evaluating the influence of sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity, and capacitation, D-Mannose binding sites were visualized by fluorescence microscopy using fluoresceinated mannose-enriched bovine serum albumin (FITC-DMA). To verify the probe specificity, 200 mM D-mannose and D-mannosylated albumin 200 micrograms/mL (DMA) were used as competitive inhibitors. Fluoresceinated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was used as control. Sperm membrane integrity was checked with a hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) and sperm viability with Hoechst 33,258 at 1 microgram/mL. Viable spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane presented two main patterns: light bar (weak labeling of the equatorial segment) and slot (labeling of the pre- and postequatorial areas with a negative band in between). These patterns were significantly inhibited when unlabeled D-mannose or DMA were included in the medium. The percentages of spermatozoa displaying these two patterns increases significantly during capacitation. Nonviable spermatozoa with altered plasma membrane integrity presented multiple fluorescent patterns, all of which were present when FITC-BSA was used as the marker. None of them could be suppressed by unlabeled D-mannose or DMA. Viable spermatozoa displayed two main patterns which increased their incidence with capacitation and may be the only specific patterns for surface MBS. Other patterns detected in spermatozoa bearing altered plasma membranes may be due to nonspecific BSA binding or intracellular MBS recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Youssef
- Mansoura University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Egypt
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Youssef HM, Doncel GF, Bassiouni BA, Acosta AA. Mannose-binding sites on human spermatozoa and sperm morphology. Fertil Steril 1996; 66:640-5. [PMID: 8816631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify a possible association between the expression of sperm head mannose-binding sites and sperm morphology. DESIGN Prospective in vitro study. SETTING University-based sperm biology and andrology laboratories. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven fertile donors and 45 patients consulting for infertility. INTERVENTIONS D-mannose-binding sites were identified using a fluoresceinated mannose-enriched bovine serum albumin. Hoechst 33258 was included to confirm sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling test to assess plasma membrane integrity. Sperm morphology was judged by strict criteria and semen samples were classified into three groups: normal (group N, > 10% morphologically normal sperm, n = 27), good prognosis (group G, 5% to 10%, n = 23), or poor prognosis (group P, < or = 4%, n = 22). RESULTS Only viable (Hoechst 33258 negative) spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane (hypo-osmotic swelling test positive)were considered in the evaluation of mannose-binding sites. The incidence of spermatozoa showing surface mannose-binding sites was higher in the N group (48.1% +/- 1.9%; mean +/- SEM) then in the G (17.6% +/- 4.4%) or P (7.6% +/- 2.3%) groups. Total mannose-binding site expression and percentage of morphologically normal sperm showed a high positive correlation (r = 0.80). CONCLUSION Altered expression of mannose-binding sites, putative zona receptors, may be one of the molecular defects causing decreased fertility in morphologically abnormal human sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Youssef
- Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507, USA
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