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Wullt B, Butler DSC, Ambite I, Kinsolving J, Krintel C, Svanborg C. Immunomodulation-A Molecular Solution to Treating Patients with Severe Bladder Pain Syndrome? EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 31:49-58. [PMID: 34467240 PMCID: PMC8385293 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with bladder pain syndrome experience debilitating pain and extreme frequency of urination. Numerous therapeutic approaches have been tested, but as the molecular basis of disease has remained unclear, specific therapies are not available. Objective Recently, a systematic gene deletion strategy identified interleukin-1 (IL-1) hyperactivation as a cause of severe cystitis in a murine model. Treatment with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) restored health in genetically susceptible mice, linking IL-1–dependent inflammation to pain and pathology in the bladder mucosa. The study objective was to investigate whether IL-1RA treatment might be beneficial in patients with bladder pain syndrome. Design, setting, and participants Patients diagnosed with bladder pain syndrome were invited to participate and subjected to daily IL-1RA injections for 1 wk, followed by a treatment break. Patients with other urological disorders accompanied by pain were included as controls. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis When symptoms returned, treatment was resumed and responding patients were maintained on treatment long term, with individualized dosing regimens. Symptom scores were recorded and molecular effects were quantified by neuropeptide and gene expression analysis. DNA samples were subjected to exome genotyping. Results and limitations IL-1RA treatment reduced bladder pain and the frequency of urination in 13/17 patients (p < 0.001). Substance P levels in urine were lowered, and responders returned to a more normal lifestyle. Neuroinflammatory-dependent and IL-1–dependent gene networks were inhibited, as well as regulators of innate immunity. Genotyping revealed disease-associated IL1R1, NLRP3, and IL1RN DNA sequence variants in the responders. Controls did not benefit from IL-1RA treatment, except for one patent with cystitis cystica. Conclusions In this clinical study, IL-1RA treatment is proposed to reduce chronic bladder pain, immediately and in the long term. Despite the limited number of study patients, the potent acute effect and lasting symptom relief indicate that this therapeutic approach may be worth exploring in controlled clinical trials. Patient summary Treatment with an interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist is proposed for treating bladder pain syndrome, as it can result in symptom relief and increase quality of life. Reduced neuroinflammation and IL-1 signaling provided molecular evidence of the treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Wullt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel S C Butler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ines Ambite
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julia Kinsolving
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Krintel C, Dorosz J, Larsen AH, Thorsen TS, Venskutonytė R, Mirza O, Gajhede M, Boesen T, Kastrup JS. Binding of a negative allosteric modulator and competitive antagonist can occur simultaneously at the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluA2. FEBS J 2020; 288:995-1007. [PMID: 32543078 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels governing neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Three major types of antagonists are known for the AMPA-type receptor GluA2: competitive, noncompetitive (i.e., negative allosteric modulators; NAMs) used for treatment of epilepsy, and uncompetitive antagonists. We here report a 4.65 Å resolution X-ray structure of GluA2, revealing that four molecules of the competitive antagonist ZK200775 and four molecules of the NAM GYKI53655 are capable of binding at the same time. Using negative stain electron microscopy, we show that GYKI53655 alone or ZK200775/GYKI53655 in combination predominantly results in compact receptor forms. The agonist AMPA provides a mixed population of compact and bulgy shapes of GluA2 not impacted by addition of GYKI53655. Taken together, this suggests that the two different mechanisms of antagonism that lead to channel closure are independent and that the distribution between bulgy and compact receptors primarily depends on the ligand bound in the glutamate binding site. DATABASE: The atomic coordinates and structure factors from the crystal structure determination have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession code https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6RUQ/pdb. The electron microscopy 3D reconstruction volumes have been deposited in EMDB (EMD-4875: Apo; EMD-4920: ZK200775/GYKI53655; EMD-4921: AMPA compact; EMD-4922: AMPA/GYKI53655 bulgy; EMD-4923: GYKI53655; EMD-4924: AMPA bulgy; EMD-4925: AMPA/GYKI53655 compact).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Haahr Larsen
- Structural Biophysics, X-ray and Neutron Science, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Seneca Thorsen
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raminta Venskutonytė
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Osman Mirza
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Midtgaard SR, Darwish TA, Pedersen MC, Huda P, Larsen AH, Jensen GV, Kynde SAR, Skar‐Gislinge N, Nielsen AJZ, Olesen C, Blaise M, Dorosz JJ, Thorsen TS, Venskutonytė R, Krintel C, Møller JV, Frielinghaus H, Gilbert EP, Martel A, Kastrup JS, Jensen PE, Nissen P, Arleth L. Invisible detergents for structure determination of membrane proteins by small‐angle neutron scattering. FEBS J 2017; 285:357-371. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Roi Midtgaard
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tamim A. Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights Australia
| | - Martin Cramer Pedersen
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Haahr Larsen
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Grethe Vestergaard Jensen
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Nicholas Skar‐Gislinge
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Claus Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Mickael Blaise
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier CNRS Université de Montpellier France
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling Department of Molecular Biology Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Jerzy Józef Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thor Seneca Thorsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Møller
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease – PUMPkin Danish National Research Foundation Aarhus University Denmark
| | | | - Elliot Paul Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights Australia
| | | | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease – PUMPkin Danish National Research Foundation Aarhus University Denmark
- DANDRITE Nordic‐EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine Aarhus University Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Structural Biophysics X‐ray and Neutron Science The Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
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Krintel C, Francotte P, Pickering DS, Juknaitė L, Pøhlsgaard J, Olsen L, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation in the Binding of Modulators at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor GluA2. Biophys J 2017; 110:2397-2406. [PMID: 27276258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide type of positive allosteric modulators of the ionotropic glutamate receptor A2 (GluA2) are promising lead compounds for the treatment of cognitive disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. The modulators bind in a cleft formed by the interface of two neighboring ligand binding domains and act by stabilizing the agonist-bound open-channel conformation. The driving forces behind the binding of these modulators can be significantly altered with only minor substitutions to the parent molecules. In this study, we show that changing the 7-fluorine substituent of modulators BPAM97 (2) and BPAM344 (3) into a hydroxyl group (BPAM557 (4) and BPAM521 (5), respectively), leads to a more favorable binding enthalpy (ΔH, kcal/mol) from -4.9 (2) and -7.5 (3) to -6.2 (4) and -14.5 (5), but also a less favorable binding entropy (-TΔS, kcal/mol) from -2.3 (2) and -1.3 (3) to -0.5 (4) and 4.8 (5). Thus, the dissociation constants (Kd, μM) of 4 (11.2) and 5 (0.16) are similar to those of 2 (5.6) and 3 (0.35). Functionally, 4 and 5 potentiated responses of 10 μM L-glutamate at homomeric rat GluA2(Q)i receptors with EC50 values of 67.3 and 2.45 μM, respectively. The binding mode of 5 was examined with x-ray crystallography, showing that the only change compared to that of earlier compounds was the orientation of Ser-497 pointing toward the hydroxyl group of 5. The favorable enthalpy can be explained by the formation of a hydrogen bond from the side-chain hydroxyl group of Ser-497 to the hydroxyl group of 5, whereas the unfavorable entropy might be due to desolvation effects combined with a conformational restriction of Ser-497 and 5. In summary, this study shows a remarkable example of enthalpy-entropy compensation in drug development accompanied with a likely explanation of the underlying structural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina Juknaitė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pøhlsgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Hansen JS, Krintel C, Hernebring M, Haataja TJK, de Marè S, Wasserstrom S, Kosinska-Eriksson U, Palmgren M, Holm C, Stenkula KG, Jones HA, Lindkvist-Petersson K. Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation. Metabolism 2016; 65:1731-1742. [PMID: 27832861 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated glycerol metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glycerol efflux from adipocytes is regulated by the aquaglyceroporin AQP7, which is translocated upon hormone stimulation. Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. Together, these findings are indicative of how glycerol release is controlled in adipocytes, and may pave the way for the future design of drugs against human metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper S Hansen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Hernebring
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tatu J K Haataja
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia de Marè
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wasserstrom
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Madelene Palmgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena A Jones
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Szymanska E, Frydenvang K, Pickering DS, Krintel C, Nielsen B, Kooshki A, Zachariassen LG, Olsen L, Kastrup JS, Johansen TN. Studies on Aryl-Substituted Phenylalanines: Synthesis, Activity, and Different Binding Modes at AMPA Receptors. J Med Chem 2015; 59:448-61. [PMID: 26653877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic aryl-substituted phenylalanines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro at recombinant rat GluA1-3, at GluK1-3, and at native AMPA receptors. The individual enantiomers of two target compounds, (RS)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichloro-5-(5-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid 37 and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)propanoic acid 38, were characterized. (S)-37 and (R)-38 were identified as the only biologically active isomers, both being antagonists at GluA2 receptors with Kb of 1.80 and 3.90 μM, respectively. To address this difference in enantiopharmacology, not previously seen for amino acid-based AMPA receptor antagonists, X-ray crystal structures of both eutomers in complex with the GluA2 ligand binding domain were solved. The cocrystal structures of (S)-37 and (R)-38 showed similar interactions of the amino acid parts but unexpected and different orientations and interactions of the biaromatic parts of the ligands inside the binding site, with (R)-38 having a binding mode not previously identified for amino acid-based antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymanska
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayesheh Kooshki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda G Zachariassen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Shahsavar A, Ahring PK, Olsen JA, Krintel C, Kastrup JS, Balle T, Gajhede M. Acetylcholine-Binding Protein Engineered to Mimic the α4-α4 Binding Pocket in α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Reveals Interface Specific Interactions Important for Binding and Activity. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:697-707. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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8
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Krintel C, Frydenvang K, Ceravalls de Rabassa A, Kaern AM, Gajhede M, Pickering DS, Kastrup JS. L-Asp is a useful tool in the purification of the ionotropic glutamate receptor A2 ligand-binding domain. FEBS J 2014; 281:2422-30. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Anna Ceravalls de Rabassa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Anne M. Kaern
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
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Nørholm AB, Francotte P, Olsen L, Krintel C, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Challal S, Danober L, Botez-Pop I, Lestage P, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Synthesis, Pharmacological and Structural Characterization, and Thermodynamic Aspects of GluA2-Positive Allosteric Modulators with a 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8736-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez-Pop
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Krintel C, Harpsøe K, Zachariassen LG, Peters D, Frydenvang K, Pickering DS, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS. Structural analysis of the positive AMPA receptor modulators CX516 and Me-CX516 in complex with the GluA2 ligand-binding domain. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2013; 69:1645-52. [PMID: 23999288 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913011839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of the ionotropic glutamate receptor A2 (GluA2) can serve as lead compounds for the development of cognitive enhancers. Several benzamide-type (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor modulators such as aniracetam, CX516 and CX614 have been shown to inhibit the deactivation of AMPA receptors with a less pronounced effect on desensitization. Despite CX516 being an extensively investigated AMPA receptor modulator and one of the few clinically evaluated compounds, the binding mode of CX516 to AMPA receptors has not been reported. Here, the structures of a GluA2 ligand-binding domain mutant in complex with CX516 and the 3-methylpiperidine analogue of CX516 (Me-CX516) are reported. The structures show that the binding modes of CX516 and Me-CX516 are similar to those of aniracetam and CX614 and that there is limited space for substitution at the piperidine ring of CX516. The results therefore support that CX516, like aniracetam and CX614, modulates deactivation of AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Rohde LAH, Ahring PK, Jensen ML, Nielsen EØ, Peters D, Helgstrand C, Krintel C, Harpsøe K, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS, Balle T. Intersubunit bridge formation governs agonist efficacy at nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2 receptors: unique role of halogen bonding revealed. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4248-59. [PMID: 22170047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The α4β2 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been pursued as a drug target for treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and smoking cessation aids for decades. Still, a thorough understanding of structure-function relationships of α4β2 agonists is lacking. Using binding experiments, electrophysiology and x-ray crystallography we have investigated a consecutive series of five prototypical pyridine-containing agonists derived from 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,4-diazepane. A correlation between binding affinities at α4β2 and the acetylcholine-binding protein from Lymnaea stagnalis (Ls-AChBP) confirms Ls-AChBP as structural surrogate for α4β2 receptors. Crystal structures of five agonists with efficacies at α4β2 from 21-76% were determined in complex with Ls-AChBP. No variation in closure of loop C is observed despite large efficacy variations. Instead, the efficacy of a compound appears tightly coupled to its ability to form a strong intersubunit bridge linking the primary and complementary binding interfaces. For the tested agonists, a specific halogen bond was observed to play a large role in establishing such strong intersubunit anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Aagot Hede Rohde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Krintel C, Klint C, Lindvall H, Mörgelin M, Holm C. Quarternary structure and enzymological properties of the different hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) isoforms. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11193. [PMID: 20567594 PMCID: PMC2887374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of energy in the form of fatty acids from intracellular stores of neutral lipids. The enzyme has been shown to exist in different isoforms with different molecular masses (84 kDa, 89 kDa and 117 kDa) expressed in a tissue-dependent manner, where the predominant 84 kDa form in adipocytes is the most extensively studied. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we employed negative stain electron microscopy (EM) to analyze the quarternary structure of the different HSL isoforms. The results show that all three isoforms adopt a head-to-head homodimeric organization, where each monomer contains two structural domains. We also used enzymatic assays to show that despite the variation in the size of the N-terminal domain all three isoforms exhibit similar enzymological properties with regard to psychrotolerance and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and activation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We present the first data on the quaternary structure and domain organization of the three HSL isoforms. We conclude that despite large differences in the size of the N-terminal, non-catalytic domain all three HSL isoforms exhibit the same three-dimensional architecture. Furthermore, the three HSL isoforms are very similar with regard to two unique enzymological characteristics of HSL, i.e., cold adaptation and PKA-mediated activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Klint
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Lindvall
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Krintel C, Mörgelin M, Logan DT, Holm C. Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase by protein kinase A in vitro promotes an increase in its hydrophobic surface area. FEBS J 2009; 276:4752-62. [PMID: 19664063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79; HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from stored triacylglycerols. HSL activity is controlled by phosphorylation of at least four serines. In rat HSL, Ser563, Ser659 and Ser660 are phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro as well as in vivo, and Ser660 and Ser659 have been shown to be the activity-controlling sites in vitro. The exact molecular events of PKA-mediated activation of HSL in vitro are yet to be determined, but increases in both Vmax and S0.5 seem to be involved, as recently shown for human HSL. In this study, the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) was found to inhibit the hydrolysis of triolein by purified recombinant rat adipocyte HSL, with a decrease in the effect of bis-ANS upon PKA phosphorylation of HSL. The interaction of HSL with bis-ANS was found to have a Kd of 1 microM in binding assays. Upon PKA phosphorylation, the interactions of HSL with both bis-ANS and the alternative probe SYPRO Orange were increased. By negative stain transmission electron microscopy, phosphorylated HSL was found to have a closer interaction with phospholipid vesicles than unphosphorylated HSL. Taken together, our results show that HSL increases its hydrophobic nature upon phosphorylation by PKA. This suggests that PKA phosphorylation induces a conformational change that increases the exposed hydrophobic surface and thereby facilitates binding of HSL to the lipid substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Sweden
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