1
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Majchrzak M, Stojanović O, Ajjaji D, Ben M'barek K, Omrane M, Thiam AR, Klemm RW. Perilipin membrane integration determines lipid droplet heterogeneity in differentiating adipocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114093. [PMID: 38602875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The storage of fat within lipid droplets (LDs) of adipocytes is critical for whole-body health. Acute fatty acid (FA) uptake by differentiating adipocytes leads to the formation of at least two LD classes marked by distinct perilipins (PLINs). How this LD heterogeneity arises is an important yet unresolved cell biological problem. Here, we show that an unconventional integral membrane segment (iMS) targets the adipocyte specific LD surface factor PLIN1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates high-affinity binding to the first LD class. The other PLINs remain largely excluded from these LDs until FA influx recruits them to a second LD population. Preventing ER targeting turns PLIN1 into a soluble, cytoplasmic LD protein, reduces its LD affinity, and switches its LD class specificity. Conversely, moving the iMS to PLIN2 leads to ER insertion and formation of a separate LD class. Our results shed light on how differences in organelle targeting and disparities in lipid affinity of LD surface factors contribute to formation of LD heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Majchrzak
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dalila Ajjaji
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kalthoum Ben M'barek
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Desgrouas C, Thalheim T, Cerino M, Badens C, Bonello-Palot N. Perilipin 1: a systematic review on its functions on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in mice and humans. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:237-248. [PMID: 38214891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of perilipin 1 in human metabolism was recently highlighted by the description of PLIN1 variants associated with various pathologies. These include severe familial partial lipodystrophy and early onset acute coronary syndrome. Additionally, certain variants have been reported to have a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases. The role of this protein remains controversial in mice and variant interpretation in humans is still conflicting. This literature review has two primary objectives (i) to clarify the function of the PLIN1 gene in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis by examining functional studies performed in cells (adipocytes) and mice and (ii) to understand the impact of PLIN1 variants identified in humans based on the variant's location within the protein and the type of variant (missense or frameshift). To achieve these objectives, we conducted an extensive analysis of the relevant literature on perilipin 1, its function in cellular models and mice, and the consequences of its mutations in humans. We also utilized bioinformatics tools and consulted the Human Genetics Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge Portal to enhance the pathogenicity assessment of PLIN1 missense variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Desgrouas
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Faculte de médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Tabea Thalheim
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Faculte de médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Cerino
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Faculte de médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital de la Timone 264 rue Saint Pierre 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Faculte de médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital de la Timone 264 rue Saint Pierre 13005 Marseille, France
- Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Hôpital de la Timone 264 rue Saint Pierre 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bonello-Palot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, Faculte de médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
- Département de Génétique Médicale, APHM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, Hôpital de la Timone 264 rue Saint Pierre 13005 Marseille, France
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3
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Wang M, Cao X, Shang Y, Jiang Y, Chen P, Duan C, Zhang D, Wang P, Ji J, Gong Z. Correlational analysis of PLIN1 with inflammation in diabetic foot ulcer wounds. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111605. [PMID: 38453058 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistent presence of inflammation is a recognized pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). We aimed to investigate the expression of PLIN1 in tissues from DFU patients and assess its potential association with inflammation-induced damage. METHODS We performed transcriptome sequencing and correlation analysis of the foot skin from patients with or without DFUs. Additionally, we examined the correlation between PLIN1 and related inflammatory indicators by analyzing PLIN1 expression in tissue and serum samples and through high-glucose stimulation of keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). RESULTS PLIN1 is upregulated in the tissue and serum from DFU patients. Additionally, PLIN1 shows a positive correlation with leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in the serum, as well as IL-1β and TNF-α in the tissues. Experiments with Cells demonstrated that reduced expression of PLIN1 leads to significantly decreased expression of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α. PLIN1 may mediate wound inflammatory damage through the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PLIN1 mediates the inflammatory damage in DFU, offering new prospects for the treatment of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cao
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanxing Shang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yasu Jiang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chengwei Duan
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ji
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Zhenhua Gong
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226001, China; Nantong Clinical Medical College, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nantong 226001, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Nguyen HP, Xue P, Xie Y, Yi D, Lin F, Dinh J, Viscarra JA, Ibe NU, Duncan RE, Sul HS. ApoL6 associates with lipid droplets and disrupts Perilipin1-HSL interaction to inhibit lipolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:186. [PMID: 38167864 PMCID: PMC10762002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stores triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD) and release fatty acids upon lipolysis during energy shortage. We identify ApoL6 as a LD-associated protein mainly found in adipose tissue, specifically in adipocytes. ApoL6 expression is low during fasting but induced upon feeding. ApoL6 knockdown results in smaller LD with lower TAG content in adipocytes, while ApoL6 overexpression causes larger LD with higher TAG content. We show that the ApoL6 affects adipocytes through inhibition of lipolysis. While ApoL6, Perilipin 1 (Plin1), and HSL can form a complex on LD, C-terminal ApoL6 directly interacts with N-terminal Plin1 to prevent Plin1 binding to HSL, to inhibit lipolysis. Thus, ApoL6 ablation decreases white adipose tissue mass, protecting mice from diet-induced obesity, while ApoL6 overexpression in adipose brings obesity and insulin resistance, making ApoL6 a potential future target against obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Pengya Xue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Frances Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennie Dinh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jose A Viscarra
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nnejiuwa U Ibe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2T 2N4, Canada
| | - Hei S Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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5
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Li CC, Liu KL, Lii CK, Yan WY, Lo CW, Chen CC, Yang YC, Chen HW. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits TNFα-driven lipolysis via suppression of the ERK/PKA/HSL signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2024; 121:95-107. [PMID: 38056034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), an inflammatory cytokine, induces lipolysis and increases circulating concentrations of free fatty acids. In addition, TNFα is the first adipokine produced by adipose tissue in obesity, contributing to obesity-associated metabolic disease. Given that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent, we hypothesized that BITC can ameliorate TNFα-induced lipolysis and investigated the working mechanisms involved. We first challenged 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNFα to induce lipolysis, which was confirmed by increased glycerol release, decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1), and increased phosphorylation of ERK, protein kinase A (PKA), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). However, inhibition of ERK or PKA significantly attenuated the lipolytic activity of TNFα. Meanwhile, pretreatment with BITC significantly ameliorated the lipolytic activity of TNFα; the TNFα-induced phosphorylation of ERK, PKA, and HSL; the TNFα-induced ubiquitination of PPARγ; the TNFα-induced decrease in PPARγ nuclear protein binding to PPAR response element; and the TNFα-induced decrease in PLIN1 protein expression. Our results indicate that BITC ameliorates TNFα-induced lipolysis by inhibiting the ERK/PKA/HSL signaling pathway, preventing PPARγ proteasomal degradation, and maintaining PLIN1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ying Yan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan.
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6
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Bajpeyi S, Apaflo JN, Rosas V, Sepulveda-Rivera K, Varela-Ramirez A, Covington JD, Galgani JE, Ravussin E. Effect of an acute long-duration exercise bout on skeletal muscle lipid droplet morphology, GLUT 4 protein, and perilipin protein expression. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2771-2778. [PMID: 37368137 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smaller lipid droplet morphology and GLUT 4 protein expression have been associated with greater muscle oxidative capacity and glucose uptake, respectively. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an acute long-duration exercise bout on skeletal muscle lipid droplet morphology, GLUT4, perilipin 3, and perilipin 5 expressions. METHODS Twenty healthy men (age 24.0 ± 1.0 years, BMI 23.6 ± 0.4 kg/m2) were recruited for the study. The participants were subjected to an acute bout of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 50% VO2max until they reached a total energy expenditure of 650 kcal. The study was conducted after an overnight fast. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise for immunohistochemical analysis to determine lipid, perilipin 3, perilipin 5, and GLUT4 protein contents while GLUT 4 mRNA was quantified using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Lipid droplet size decreased whereas total intramyocellular lipid content tended to reduce (p = 0.07) after an acute bout of endurance exercise. The density of smaller lipid droplets in the peripheral sarcoplasmic region significantly increased (0.584 ± 0.04 to 0.638 ± 0.08 AU; p = 0.01) while larger lipid droplets significantly decreased (p < 0.05). GLUT4 mRNA tended to increase (p = 0.05). There were no significant changes in GLUT 4, perilipin 3, and perilipin 5 protein levels. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that exercise may impact metabolism by enhancing the quantity of smaller lipid droplets over larger lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bajpeyi
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Jehu N Apaflo
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Victoria Rosas
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Keisha Sepulveda-Rivera
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository (CCB) Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Covington
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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7
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Wang L, Lin J, Yang K, Wang W, Lv Y, Zeng X, Zhao Y, Yu J, Pan L. Perilipin 1 Deficiency Prompts Lipolysis in Lipid Droplets and Aggravates the Pathogenesis of Persistent Immune Activation in Drosophila. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:697-708. [PMID: 37742619 PMCID: PMC10601664 DOI: 10.1159/000534099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly dynamic intracellular organelles, which are involved in lots of biological processes. However, the dynamic morphogenesis and functions of intracellular LDs during persistent innate immune responses remain obscure. In this study, we induce long-term systemic immune activation in Drosophila through genetic manipulation. Then, the dynamic pattern of LDs is traced in the Drosophila fat body. We find that deficiency of Plin1, a key regulator of LDs' reconfiguration, blocks LDs minimization at the initial stage of immune hyperactivation but enhances LDs breakdown at the later stage of sustained immune activation via recruiting the lipase Brummer (Bmm, homologous to human ATGL). The high wasting in LDs shortens the lifespan of flies with high-energy-cost immune hyperactivation. Therefore, these results suggest a critical function of LDs during long-term immune activation and provide a potential treatment for the resolution of persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangkang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity between Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics and Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, The Center for Microbes, Development, and Health, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Former Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The Joint Center for Infection and Immunity between Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics and Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Choi YM, Ajjaji D, Fleming KD, Borbat PP, Jenkins ML, Moeller BE, Fernando S, Bhatia SR, Freed JH, Burke JE, Thiam AR, Airola MV. Structural insights into perilipin 3 membrane association in response to diacylglycerol accumulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3204. [PMID: 37268630 PMCID: PMC10238389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that contain an oil core mainly composed of triglycerides (TAG) that is surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and LD-associated proteins called perilipins (PLINs). During LD biogenesis, perilipin 3 (PLIN3) is recruited to nascent LDs as they emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we analyze how lipid composition affects PLIN3 recruitment to membrane bilayers and LDs, and the structural changes that occur upon membrane binding. We find that the TAG precursors phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol (DAG) recruit PLIN3 to membrane bilayers and define an expanded Perilipin-ADRP-Tip47 (PAT) domain that preferentially binds DAG-enriched membranes. Membrane binding induces a disorder to order transition of alpha helices within the PAT domain and 11-mer repeats, with intramolecular distance measurements consistent with the expanded PAT domain adopting a folded but dynamic structure upon membrane binding. In cells, PLIN3 is recruited to DAG-enriched ER membranes, and this requires both the PAT domain and 11-mer repeats. This provides molecular details of PLIN3 recruitment to nascent LDs and identifies a function of the PAT domain of PLIN3 in DAG binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Dalila Ajjaji
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Kaelin D Fleming
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada
| | - Peter P Borbat
- National Biomedical Resource for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance Technology (ACERT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Meredith L Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada
| | - Brandon E Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada
| | - Shaveen Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jack H Freed
- National Biomedical Resource for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance Technology (ACERT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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9
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Puza S, Asfia S, Seemann R, Fleury JB. Bilayer-Embedded Lipid Droplets Coated with Perilipin-2 Display a Pancake Shape. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032072. [PMID: 36768395 PMCID: PMC9916705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles localized in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that play an important role in many biological functions. Free LDs that have been released from the ER membrane and are present in the cytosol resemble an oil-in-water emulsion. The surface of an LD is coated with a phospholipid monolayer, and the core of an LD is composed of neutral lipids. Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), also known as perilipin-2, is a protein that surrounds the LD, together with the phospholipid monolayer. ADRP molecules are involved in assisting in the storage of neutral lipids within LDs. In this article, we focus our interest on the influence of ADRP molecules on the 3D shape of bilayer-embedded LDs and the diffusion of phospholipids in the monolayer covering LDs. For this study, we employed two different microfluidic setups: one to produce and explore bilayer-embedded LDs and a second one to mimic the surface of a single LD. Using the first setup, we demonstrate that ADRP molecules stay preferentially localized on the surfaces of bilayer-embedded LDs, and we study their 3D-shape in the presence of ADRP. Using the second setup, we performed FRAP experiments to measure the phospholipid diffusion on a model LD surface as a function of the ADRP concentration. Although the presence of proteins on the LD surface minimally affects the phospholipid and protein motility, ADRP appears to have a significant effect on the 3D structure of LDs embedded in the bilayer.
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Mandel-Brehm C, Vazquez SE, Liverman C, Cheng M, Quandt Z, Kung AF, Parent A, Miao B, Disse E, Cugnet-Anceau C, Dalle S, Orlova E, Frolova E, Alba D, Michels A, Oftedal BE, Lionakis MS, Husebye ES, Agarwal AK, Li X, Zhu C, Li Q, Oral E, Brown R, Anderson MS, Garg A, DeRisi JL. Autoantibodies to Perilipin-1 Define a Subset of Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy. Diabetes 2023; 72:59-70. [PMID: 35709010 PMCID: PMC9797316 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acquired lipodystrophy is often characterized as an idiopathic subtype of lipodystrophy. Despite suspicion of an immune-mediated pathology, biomarkers such as autoantibodies are generally lacking. Here, we used an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach to identify autoantibodies to the adipocyte-specific lipid droplet protein perilipin 1 (PLIN1) in a murine model of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1). We then tested for PLIN1 autoantibodies in human subjects with acquired lipodystrophy with two independent severe breaks in immune tolerance (including APS1) along with control subjects using a specific radioligand binding assay and indirect immunofluorescence on fat tissue. We identified autoantibodies to PLIN1 in these two cases, including the first reported case of APS1 with acquired lipodystrophy and a second patient who acquired lipodystrophy as an immune-related adverse event following cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we also found PLIN1 autoantibodies to be specifically enriched in a subset of patients with acquired generalized lipodystrophy (17 of 46 [37%]), particularly those with panniculitis and other features of autoimmunity. These data lend additional support to new literature that suggests that PLIN1 autoantibodies represent a marker of acquired autoimmune lipodystrophies and further link them to a break in immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh Mandel-Brehm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sara E. Vazquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher Liverman
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mickie Cheng
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zoe Quandt
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew F. Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Audrey Parent
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brenda Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- ImmuCare, Cancer Institute of Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), Lyon, France
| | - Christine Cugnet-Anceau
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- ImmuCare, Cancer Institute of Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- ImmuCare, Cancer Institute of Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), Lyon, France
- Dermatology Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Elizaveta Orlova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Frolova
- National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Alba
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aaron Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Bergithe E. Oftedal
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eystein S. Husebye
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anil K. Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Elif Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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Corvillo F, Abel BS, López-Lera A, Ceccarini G, Magno S, Santini F, Araújo-Vilar D, Brown RJ, Nozal P, López-Trascasa M. Characterization and Clinical Association of Autoantibodies Against Perilipin 1 in Patients With Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy. Diabetes 2023; 72:71-84. [PMID: 35771980 PMCID: PMC9797321 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare condition characterized by massive loss of adipose tissue through the body, causing severe metabolic complications. Autoimmune destruction of adipocytes is strongly suspected based on the frequent association of AGL with autoimmune disorders. In 2018, autoantibodies against perilipin 1 (PLIN1) were identified in three patients with autoimmune-associated AGL. However, the pathogenic mechanism and clinical impact of anti-PLIN1 remain unsolved. The prevalence of anti-PLIN1 autoantibodies in an AGL cohort of 40 patients was 50% (20 of 40). Among positive patients, 10 had the autoimmune variety and 10 had panniculitis-associated AGL. The IgG isotype was predominant, although some IgM antibodies were detected. Epitope-mapping studies did not identify a single, major epitope. Instead, autoantibodies typically bound to several different peptides, among which the central (233-405) domain was detected in all antibody-positive patients, for both IgG and IgM autoantibodies. In-depth epitope mapping indicated that anti-PLIN1 autoantibodies predominantly recognize the αβ-hydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) binding site (383-405). Autoantibodies dose-dependently blocked the binding of PLIN1 to ABHD5 and caused a dislocation of ABHD5 toward the cytosol, leading to an increase in lipolysis and lipase activities. Finally, anti-PLIN1 titers significantly correlated with the amount of fat loss, metabolic control impairment, and severity of liver injury. Our data strongly support that anti-PLIN1 autoantibodies are a diagnostic biomarker and a cause of lipodystrophy in patients with AGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Corvillo
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brent S. Abel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alberto López-Lera
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rebecca J. Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pilar Nozal
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita López-Trascasa
- Complement Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Schelbert S, Schindeldecker M, Drebber U, Witzel HR, Weinmann A, Dries V, Schirmacher P, Roth W, Straub BK. Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins Perilipin 1 and 2: Molecular Markers of Steatosis and Microvesicular Steatotic Foci in Chronic Hepatitis C. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415456. [PMID: 36555099 PMCID: PMC9778710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis C (HCV) is a major risk factor in the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the replication and deposition of HCV at lipid droplets (LDs). We have demonstrated the importance of LD-associated proteins of the perilipin family in steatotic liver diseases. Using a large collection of 231 human liver biopsies with HCV, perilipins 1 and 2 have been localized to LDs of hepatocytes that correlate with the degree of steatosis and specific HCV genotypes, but not significantly with the HCV viral load. Perilipin 1- and 2-positive microvesicular steatotic foci were observed in 36% of HCV liver biopsies, and also in chronic hepatitis B, autoimmune hepatitis and mildly steatotic or normal livers, but less or none were observed in normal livers of younger patients. Microvesicular steatotic foci did not frequently overlap with glycogenotic/clear cell foci as determined by PAS stain in serial sections. Steatotic foci were detected in all liver zones with slight architectural disarrays, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical glutamine synthetase staining of zone three, but without elevated Ki67-proliferation rates. In conclusion, microvesicular steatotic foci are frequently found in chronic viral hepatitis, but the clinical significance of these foci is so far not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Schelbert
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hagen Roland Witzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Dries
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate Katharina Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-7307
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Byun KA, Oh S, Son M, Oh SE, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol-Attenuated High-Fat Diet Induced Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Muscular Deposition of Lipid Droplets. Nutrients 2021; 13:3160. [PMID: 34579038 PMCID: PMC8467349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive fat diet induces intramuscular fat deposition that accumulates as a form of lipid droplet (LD) and leads to lipotoxicity, including muscle atrophy or decreasing muscle strength. Lipotoxicity depends on the number of LDs, subcellular distribution (intermyofibrillar, IMF, LDs or subsarcolemmal, SS), and fiber type-specific differences (type I or type II fiber) as well as the size of LD. Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), which is known to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which leads to decreasing expression level of perilipin2 (PLIN2). PLIN2 is involved in modulating the size of LDs. This study shows that ECE and dieckol could decrease PLIN2 expression and decrease the size and number of LDs in the muscle of high-fat diet (HF)-fed animals and lead to attenuating muscle atrophy. Expression level of PPAR-α was decreased, and PLIN2 was increased by HF. ECE and dieckol increased PPAR-α expression and decreased PLIN2. The diameter of LDs was increased in high-fat diet condition, and it was decreased by ECE or dieckol treatment. The number of LDs in type II fibers/total LDs was increased by HF and it was decreased by ECE or dieckol. The SS LDs were increased, and IMF LDs were decreased by HF. ECE or dieckol decreased SS LDs and increased IMF LDs. The ECE or dieckol attenuated the upregulation of muscle atrophy-related genes including Murf1, Atrogin-1, and p53 by HF. ECE or dieckol increased the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers and grip strength, which were decreased by HF. In conclusion, ECE or dieckol decreased the size of LDs and modulated the contribution of LDs to less toxic ones by decreasing PLIN2 expression and thus attenuated muscle atrophy and strength, which were induced by HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Seung Eon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
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Sánchez-Romero C, Carreón-Burciaga R, Gónzalez-Gónzalez R, Villarroel-Dorrego M, Molina-Frechero N, Bologna-Molina R. Perilipin 1 and adipophilin immunoexpression suggests the presence of lipid droplets in tooth germ, ameloblastoma, and ameloblastic carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:708-715. [PMID: 33733498 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased lipogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation are observed in diverse tumors, and these processes are associated with poor prognosis in several tumors, representing potential therapeutic targets. The presence of lipid droplets in odontogenic tissues and/or tumors is unknown. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for perilipin 1 and adipophilin was performed in 12 human tooth germs (TG), 27 conventional ameloblastoma (AM), and 8 ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) samples. Cytoplasmic staining was analyzed using an immunoreactive score (IRS), and the results were compared for the TG, AM, and AC samples by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-test and confirmed by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Perilipin 1 was negative in 91.7% of the TG samples, positive in 48.2% of the AM samples, and positive in 87.5% of the AC samples. Adipophilin was positive in 100% of the TG samples, 92.6% of the AM samples, and 100% of the AC samples. The perilipin 1 and adipophilin IRS revealed statistically significant differences between the TG, AM, and AC samples (p = .007 and p = .018, respectively). The perilipin 1 levels among the TG and AC samples were statically significant (**p = .0085), as well as the adipophilin levels when TG and AM samples were compared (**p < .0029). CONCLUSIONS Adipophilin exhibits significant activity in human tooth development. The immunoexpression of perilipin 1 and adipophilin in the AM and AC samples suggests the presence of lipid droplets, providing further evidence of metabolic alterations in these tumors. Additional studies with larger samples and alternative techniques are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Sánchez-Romero
- Molecular Pathology Area, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Ramón Carreón-Burciaga
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Molecular Pathology Area, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
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15
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Srivastava RAK, Hurley TR, Oniciu D, Adeli K, Newton RS. Discovery of analogues of non-β oxidizable long-chain dicarboxylic fatty acids as dual inhibitors of fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis: Efficacy of lead compound in hyperlipidemic hamsters reveals novel mechanism. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2490-2506. [PMID: 34172319 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholesterol and triglycerides are risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, appropriate cells and assays are required to discover and develop dual cholesterol and fatty acid inhibitors. A predictive hyperlipidemic animal model is needed to evaluate mechanism of action of lead molecule for therapeutic indications. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary hepatocytes from rat, hamster, rabbit, and humans were compared for suitability to screen compounds by de novo lipogenesis (DNL) using14C-acetate. Hyperlipidemic hamsters were used to evaluate efficacy and mode of action. In rat hepatocytes DNL assay, both the central moiety and carbon chain length influenced the potency of lipogenesis inhibition. In hyperlipidemic hamsters, ETC-1002 decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides by 41% and 49% at the 30 mg/kg dose. Concomitant decreases in non-esterified fatty acids (-34%) and increases in ketone bodies (20%) were associated with induction of hepatic CPT1-α. Reductions in proatherogenic VLDL-C and LDL-C (-71% and -64%) occurred partly through down-regulation of DGAT2 and up-regulation of LPL and PDK4. Activation of PLIN1 and PDK4 dampened adipogenesis and showed inverse correlation with adipose mass. Hepatic concentrations of cholesteryl ester and TG decreased by 67% and 64%, respectively. Body weight decreased with concomitant decreases in epididymal fat. Plasma and liver concentrations of ETC-1002 agreed with the observed dose-response efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, ETC-1002 reduced proatherogenic lipoproteins, hepatic lipids and adipose tissues in hyperlipidemic hamsters via induction of LPL, CPT1-α, PDK4, and PLIN1, and downregulation of DGAT2. These characteristics may be useful in the treatment of fatty livers that causes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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16
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Yadav AK, Jang BC. Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Differentiating 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Pazopanib, a Multikinase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094884. [PMID: 34063048 PMCID: PMC8125232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pazopanib is a multikinase inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. As of now, the anti-obesity effect and mode of action of pazopanib are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of pazopanib on lipid accumulation, lipolysis, and expression of inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, a murine preadipocyte. Of note, pazopanib at 10 µM markedly decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, pazopanib inhibited not only expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and perilipin A but also phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, pazopanib treatment increased phosphorylation of cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream effector ACC during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. However, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, pazopanib treatment did not stimulate glycerol release and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation, hallmarks of lipolysis. Moreover, pazopanib could inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of COX-2 in both 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated cells. In summary, this is the first report that pazopanib has strong anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in 3T3-L1 cells, which are mediated through regulation of the expression and phosphorylation of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, ACC, perilipin A, AMPK, and COX-2.
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17
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Svart M, Rittig N, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Møller N. Oral 3-hydroxybutyrate ingestion decreases endogenous glucose production, lipolysis, and hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation in adipose tissue in men: a human randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14385. [PMID: 32794582 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether oral administration of D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate as a sodium salt inhibits lipolysis and intracellular lipid signalling, in particular, hormone-sensitive lipase, and whether D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate alters endogenous glucose production. METHODS We studied six young men in a randomized, controlled, crossover study after ingestion of Na-D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate (hyperketotic condition) or saline (placebo control). We quantified lipolysis and endogenous glucose production using [9,10-3 H]-palmitate and [3-3H]glucose tracers, and adipose tissue biopsies were collected to investigate key lipolytic enzymes. RESULTS After ingestion, D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate increased by more than 2.5 mmol/l, free fatty acid concentrations decreased by >70%, and palmitate rate of appearance was halved. Protein kinase A phosphorylation of perilipin was reduced and hormone-sensitive lipase 660 phosphorylation in adipose tissue biopsies was 70-80% decreased in the hyperketotic condition and unchanged in the control. Compared to the control, endogenous glucose production was reduced by close to 20% (P<0.05) after 3-hydroxybutyrate ingestion. CONCLUSION We conclude that oral D/L-Na-3-hydroxybutyrate increases D/L-3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations within half an hour, decreases free fatty acid concentrations, lowers lipolysis and endogenous glucose production, and dephosphorylates hormone-sensitive lipase. Collectively these phenomena may be viewed as an orchestrated feedback loop, controlling endogenous glucose production, lipolysis and ketogenesis. Such effects would be beneficial in insulin-resistant states. (www.clinicaltrials.gov ID number: NCT02917252).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Svart
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Rittig
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S B Pedersen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Jessen
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Møller
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Batista ML, Meshulam T, Desevin K, Rabhi N, Farmer SR. Three-Dimensional Adipocyte Culture as a Model to Study Cachexia-Induced White Adipose Tissue Remodeling. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33522508 DOI: 10.3791/61853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) presents itself as a syndrome with multiple manifestations, causing a marked multi-organ metabolic imbalance. Recently, cachectic wasting has been proposed to be stimulated by several inflammatory mediators, which may disrupt the integrative physiology of adipose tissues and other tissues such as the brain and muscle. In this scenario, the tumor can survive at the host's expense. In recent clinical research, the intensity of depletion of the different fat deposits has been negatively correlated with the patient's survival outcome. Studies have also shown that various metabolic disorders can alter white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling, especially in the early stages of cachexia development. WAT dysfunction resulting from tissue remodeling is a contributor to overall cachexia, with the main modifications in WAT consisting of morpho-functional changes, increased adipocyte lipolysis, accumulation of immune cells, reduction of adipogenesis, changes in progenitor cell population, and the increase of "niches" containing beige/brite cells. To study the various facets of cachexia-induced WAT remodeling, particularly the changes progenitor cells and beige remodeling, two-dimensional (2D) culture has been the first option for in vitro studies. However, this approach does not adequately summarize WAT complexity. Improved assays for the reconstruction of functional AT ex vivo help the comprehension of physiological interactions between the distinct cell populations. This protocol describes an efficient three-dimensional (3D) printing tissue culture system based on magnetic nanoparticles. The protocol is optimized for investigating WAT remodeling induced by cachexia induced factors (CIFs). The results show that a 3D culture is an appropriate tool for studying WAT modeling ex vivo and may be useful for functional screens to identify bioactive molecules for individual adipose cell populations applications and aid the discovery of WAT-based cell anticachectic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L Batista
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine;
| | - Tova Meshulam
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine; Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Kathleen Desevin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine
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19
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Huang X, Sun J, Bian C, Ji S, Ji H. Perilipin 1-3 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: molecular characterization, gene structure, tissue distribution, and mRNA expression in DHA-induced lipid droplet formation in adipocytes. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:2311-2322. [PMID: 32996002 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perilipin family is the main structural proteins of lipid droplet (LD) that is intracellular neutral lipid store ponds, and regulates LD assembly and formation, and is crucial for lipid metabolism. Here three paralogs of perilipin family were characterized from grass carp and their complete coding sequences (CDS) were obtained, including perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3, coding peptides of 492, 454, and 419 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of the homology of grass carp perilipin deduced amino acid sequences with other teleost species showed that the homology with mammalian was less than 55%. PAT (perilipin) domain in mammalian was also predicted in grass carp perilipin 1-3 proteins. Genomic organization analysis revealed that grass carp perilipin1 contained 6 coding exons, while both perilipin2 and perilipin3 consisted of 7 coding exons. The mRNA encoding three paralogs were expressed in a wide range of tissues; perilipin1-3 were primarily expressed in adipose tissue and liver; besides, perilipin3 was also highly expressed in the heart. In vitro, 200 μM DHA increased the proportion of smaller lipid droplets effectively in fully differentiated adipocytes of grass carp. The mRNA expression of perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3 was significantly increased in the adipocytes treated with DHA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The same responses of different paralogs in the adipocytes during DHA treatment suggest that they might play synergistic roles in the formation of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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20
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Coleman RA. The "discovery" of lipid droplets: A brief history of organelles hidden in plain sight. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158762. [PMID: 32622088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs), first described as early as the 1880s, were virtually ignored for more than 100 years. Between 1991 and the early 2000s, however, a series of discoveries and conceptual breakthroughs led to a resurgent interest in obesity as a disease, in the metabolism of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG), and in the physical locations of LDs as cellular structures with their associated proteins. Insights included the recognition that obesity underlies major chronic diseases, that appetite is hormonally controlled, that hepatic steatosis is not a benign finding, and that diabetes might fundamentally be a disorder of lipid metabolism. In this brief review, I describe the metamorphosis of LDs from overlooked globs of stored fat to dynamic organelles that control insulin resistance, mitochondrial oxidation, and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
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21
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Tamara C, Nerea LB, Belén BS, Aurelio S, Iván C, Fernando S, Javier B, Felipe CF, María P. Vesicles Shed by Pathological Murine Adipocytes Spread Pathology: Characterization and Functional Role of Insulin Resistant/Hypertrophied Adiposomes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2252. [PMID: 32214011 PMCID: PMC7139903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a relevant way of cell to cell communication, and its analysis has become an indirect approach to assess the cell/tissue of origin status. However, the knowledge about their nature and role on metabolic diseases is still very scarce. We have established an insulin resistant (IR) and two lipid (palmitic/oleic) hypertrophied adipocyte cell models to isolate EVs to perform a protein cargo qualitative and quantitative Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH) analysis by mass spectrometry. Our results show a high proportion of obesity and IR-related proteins in pathological EVs; thus, we propose a panel of potential obese adipose tissue EV-biomarkers. Among those, lipid hypertrophied vesicles are characterized by ceruloplasmin, mimecan, and perilipin 1 adipokines, and those from the IR by the striking presence of the adiposity and IR related transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TFGBI). Interestingly, functional assays show that IR and hypertrophied adipocytes induce differentiation/hypertrophy and IR in healthy adipocytes through secreted EVs. Finally, we demonstrate that lipid atrophied adipocytes shed EVs promote macrophage inflammation by stimulating IL-6 and TNFα expression. Thus, we conclude that pathological adipocytes release vesicles containing representative protein cargo of the cell of origin that are able to induce metabolic alterations on healthy cells probably exacerbating the disease once established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Tamara
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.T.); (L.-B.N.); (C.I.); (S.F.); (B.J.)
| | - Lago-Baameiro Nerea
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.T.); (L.-B.N.); (C.I.); (S.F.); (B.J.)
| | - Bravo Susana Belén
- Unidad de Proteómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Sueiro Aurelio
- Grupo Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.A.); (C.F.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Couto Iván
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.T.); (L.-B.N.); (C.I.); (S.F.); (B.J.)
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santos Fernando
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.T.); (L.-B.N.); (C.I.); (S.F.); (B.J.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Baltar Javier
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.T.); (L.-B.N.); (C.I.); (S.F.); (B.J.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Casanueva F. Felipe
- Grupo Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.A.); (C.F.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pardo María
- Grupo Obesidómica, Área de Endocrinología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.T.); (L.-B.N.); (C.I.); (S.F.); (B.J.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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22
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Yang Y, Fu M, Li MD, Zhang K, Zhang B, Wang S, Liu Y, Ni W, Ong Q, Mi J, Yang X. O-GlcNAc transferase inhibits visceral fat lipolysis and promotes diet-induced obesity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 31924761 PMCID: PMC6954210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive visceral fat accumulation is a primary risk factor for metabolically unhealthy obesity and related diseases. The visceral fat is highly susceptible to the availability of external nutrients. Nutrient flux into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway leads to protein posttranslational modification by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is responsible for the addition of GlcNAc moieties to target proteins. Here, we report that inducible deletion of adipose OGT causes a rapid visceral fat loss by specifically promoting lipolysis in visceral fat. Mechanistically, visceral fat maintains a high level of O-GlcNAcylation during fasting. Loss of OGT decreases O-GlcNAcylation of lipid droplet-associated perilipin 1 (PLIN1), which leads to elevated PLIN1 phosphorylation and enhanced lipolysis. Moreover, adipose OGT overexpression inhibits lipolysis and promotes diet-induced obesity. These findings establish an essential role for OGT in adipose tissue homeostasis and indicate a unique potential for targeting O-GlcNAc signaling in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Minnie Fu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Simeng Wang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Weiming Ni
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jia Mi
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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23
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Ladinsky MS, Mardones GA, Orlicky DJ, Howell KE, McManaman JL. Electron Tomography Revels that Milk Lipids Originate from Endoplasmic Reticulum Domains with Novel Structural Features. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:293-304. [PMID: 31709487 PMCID: PMC7976053 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are dynamically-regulated organelles that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and function in the storage, trafficking and metabolism of neutral lipids. In mammary epithelial cells (MEC) of lactating animals, intact LD are secreted intact into milk to form milk lipids by a novel apocrine mechanism. The secretion of intact LD and the relatively large amounts of lipid secreted by lactating MEC increase demands on the cellular processes responsible for lipid synthesis and LD formation. As yet these processes are poorly defined due to limited understanding of LD-ER interactions. To overcome these limitations, we used rapid-freezing and freeze-substitution methods in conjunction with 3D electron tomography and high resolution immunolocalization to define interactions between LD with ER in MEC of pregnant and lactating rats. Using these approaches, we identified distinct ER domains that contribute to lipid droplet formation and stabilization and which possess unique features previously unrecognized or not fully appreciated. Our results show nascent lipid droplets within the ER lumen and the association of both forming and mature droplets with structurally unique regions of ER cisternae, characterized by the presence of perilipin-2, a protein implicated in lipid droplet formation, and enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. These data demonstrate that milk lipids originate from LD-ER domains with novel structural features and suggest a mechanism for initial droplet formation in the ER lumen and subsequent maturation of the droplets in association with ER cisternae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Ladinsky
- Boulder Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdiva, Chile
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn E Howell
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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24
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Ramshanker N, Jessen N, Voss TS, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Nielsen TS, Frystyk J, Møller N. Effects of short-term prednisolone treatment on indices of lipolysis and lipase signaling in abdominal adipose tissue in healthy humans. Metabolism 2019; 99:1-10. [PMID: 31260678 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid (GC) excess increases lipolysis, circulating free fatty acid concentrations and lipid oxidation rates in humans. In vitro and animal studies have shown that GCs increase adipocyte ATGL and HSL mRNA contents and HSL phosphorylations, but the effects of GC on in vivo lipase signaling in humans are uncertain. Our study was designed to test how GC administration affects ATGL and HSL related signals in human adipose tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine healthy young men underwent 5 days administration of 37.5 mg prednisolone/d in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover design. At the end of each 5 d period the subjects were studied after an overnight fast for 6.5 h including a basal period and a 2½ h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue biopsies were sampled from the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue at the end of the basal period and the clamp. RESULTS GC treatment increased serum FFA concentrations and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) mRNA - an ATGL activator - and decreased G0/G1 switch 2 gene (G0S2) mRNA - an ATGL inhibitor - in adipose tissue biopsies. In addition, pro-lipolytic ser563 HSL phosphorylations and protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of PLIN1 (Perilipin-1) increased. The transcripts of ANGPTL4 (Angiopoietin-like 4) mRNA - a regulator of circulating triglycerides - were elevated by GC; as were CIDE (Cell-death Inducing DNA fragmentation factor-α-like Effector)-A and CIDE-C mRNA transcripts indicative of concurrent stimulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis. Finally GCs reduced insulin receptor phosphorylation, and Akt protein levels. CONCLUSIONS High dose GC administration to humans leads to pro-lipolytic alterations of CGI-58, G0S2 and ANGPTL4 mRNA transcripts, increases PKA signaling to lipolysis and inhibits the insulin signal in adipose tissue. The increased CIDE-A and CIDE-C mRNA levels suggest concomitant stimulation of lipolysis and lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilani Ramshanker
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Schmidt Voss
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Svava Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Blvd. 99, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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25
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Zong J, Li S, Wang Y, Mo W, Sun R, Yu M. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 promotes lipolysis via ERK/HSL signalling pathway in white adipose tissue of mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:105-116. [PMID: 31121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT stores has detrimental effects on lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2) has emerged as a central transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic β-cell bioactivity. A recent study shows that Brd2 overexpression leads to insulin resistance in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that adenoviral-mediated Brd2 overexpression in the WAT of mice increases lipolysis-related gene expression in addition to significantly reducing WAT size and promoting plasma FFA release. Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis. Collectively, these results indicate that Brd2 triggers insulin resistance via lipolysis-mediated FFA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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26
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Dong Y, van der Walt N, Pennington KA, Yallampalli C. Impact of adrenomedullin blockage on lipid metabolism in female mice exposed to high-fat diet. Endocrine 2019; 65:278-285. [PMID: 31025262 PMCID: PMC6901288 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenomedullin (ADM) levels are elevated in gestational and type 2 diabetic patients. ADM also stimulates lipolysis in vitro. Disturbed lipid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Here, we explore whether blockade of ADM is beneficial for metabolic homeostasis in a diabetic mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice were placed on either a control or a high fat high sucrose (HFHS) diet for 8 weeks. At week 4, osmotic mini-pumps were implanted for constant infusion of either saline or ADM antagonist, ADM22-52. Glucose tolerance tests were performed prior to infusion and 4 weeks after infusion began. Animals were then sacrificed and visceral adipose tissue collected for further analysis. RESULTS Mice fed HFHS displayed glucose intolerance, increased mRNA expressions in VAT for Adm and its receptor components, Crlr. HFHS fed mice also had increased basal and isoprenaline-induced glycerol release by VAT explants. ADM22-52 did not significantly affect glucose intolerance. ADM22-52 did suppress basal and isoprenaline-induced glycerol release by VAT explants. This alteration was associated with enhanced mRNA expression of insulin signaling factors Insr and Glut4, and adipogenic factor Pck1. CONCLUSIONS HFHS diet induces glucose intolerance and enhances ADM and its receptor expressions in VAT in female mice. ADM22-52 treatment did not affect glucose intolerance in HFHS mice, but reduced both basal and isoprenaline-induced lipolysis, which is associated with enhanced expression of genes involved in adipogenesis. These results warrant further research on the effects of ADM blockade in improving lipid homeostasis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicola van der Walt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen A Pennington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Pérez-Torres I, Gutiérrez-Alvarez Y, Guarner-Lans V, Díaz-Díaz E, Manzano Pech L, Caballero-Chacón SDC. Intra-Abdominal Fat Adipocyte Hypertrophy through a Progressive Alteration of Lipolysis and Lipogenesis in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071529. [PMID: 31284400 PMCID: PMC6683042 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the progressive participation of enzymes involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy in a metabolic syndrome (MS) rat model caused by chronic consumption of 30% sucrose in drinking water. A total of 70 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: C and MS. Each of these groups were then subdivided into five groups which were sacrificed as paired groups every month from the beginning of the treatment until 5 months. The intra-abdominal fat was dissected, and the adipocytes were extracted. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), protein kinases A (PKA), and perilipin A expressions were determined. The LPL and HSL activities were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Histological staining was performed in adipose tissue. Significant increases were observed in blood pressure, HOMA-IR, leptin, triglycerides, insulin, intra-abdominal fat, and number of fat cells per field (p = 0.001) and in advanced glycosylation products, adipocyte area, LPL, HSL activities and/or expression (p ≤ 0.01) in the MS groups progressively from the third month onward. Lipogenesis and lipolysis were increased by LPL activity and HSL activity and/or expression. This was associated with hyperinsulinemia and release of non-esterified fatty acids causing a positive feedback loop that contributes to the development of adipocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda Gutiérrez-Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano Pech
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Sara Del Carmen Caballero-Chacón
- Facultad de Medicina y Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
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Chen X, Firdaus SJ, Fu Z, Wu Z, Soulages JL, Arrese EL. Manduca sexta Perilipin 1B: A new PLIN1 isoform linked to fat storage prior to pupation. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 110:69-79. [PMID: 31055048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are proteins that associate with lipid droplets (LDs) and play roles in the control of triglycerides (TG) metabolism. Two types of PLINs - 1 and 2- occur in insects. Following previous work on MsPLIN1A (a 42 kDa protein formerly called MsLsd1), here we report a new PLIN1 isoform, MsPLIN1B. MsPLIN1B cDNA was cloned and the 1835bp cDNA contains an ORF encoding a 47.9 kDa protein whose expression was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Alternative transcripts A and B, which differ in the alternative use of exon 1, were the most abundant PLIN1 transcripts in the fat body. These transcripts encode nearly identical proteins except that the B isoform contains 59 additional residues in its amino terminus. No conserved domain was identified in the extra region of MsPLIN1B. The novel PLIN1 isoform is found in lepidopteran species. In Manduca, PLIN1B was expressed only in the 5th instar larva and its levels correlated with fat storage. Furthermore, PLIN1B levels increased with the fat content of the diet in insects of the same age confirming a direct relationship between PLIN1B and TG storage irrespective of development. The nutritional status impacted PLIN1B levels, which decreased in starvation and increased with subsequent re-feeding. Altogether data support a link between PLIN1B and TG storage in caterpillars prior to pupation. The combined findings suggest distinct roles for PLIN1A, PLIN1B and PLIN2. MsPLIN1A abundance correlates with mobilization of TG stores, MsPLIN2 with the synthesis of new LDs and MsPLIN1B abundance correlates with high levels of TG storage and large LD sizes at the end of the last feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Sarah J Firdaus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Zhiyan Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Zengying Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jose L Soulages
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Estela L Arrese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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de Paula GSM, Wilieman M, Silva KR, Baptista LS, Boudina S, de Souza LL, Bento-Bernardes T, Asensi KD, Goldenberg RCDS, Pazos-Moura CC. Neuromedin B receptor disruption impairs adipogenesis in mice and 3T3-L1 cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:93-102. [PMID: 31067509 PMCID: PMC9931200 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin B, a bombesin-like peptide, and its receptor, are expressed in white adipose tissue with undefined roles. Female mice with disruption of neuromedin B receptor (NB-R) exhibited partial resistance to diet-induced obesity leading to our hypothesis that NB-R is involved in adipogenesis. Here, we showed that adipose stem/stromal cells (ASC) from perigonadal fat of female NB-R-knockout mice, exposed to a differentiation protocol in vitro, accumulated less lipid (45%) than wild type, suggesting reduced capacity to differentiate under adipogenic input. To further explore mechanisms, preadipocytes 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in the presence of NB-R antagonist (PD168368) during the first 3 days in culture. Cells were analyzed in the end of the treatment (Day 3) and later when fully differentiated (Day 21). NB-R antagonist induced lower number of cells at day 3 and 21 (33-39%), reduced cell proliferation at day 3 (-53%) and reduced lipid accumulation at day 21 (-86%). The mRNA expressions of several adipocyte differentiation markers were importantly reduced at both days: Cebpb and Pparg and Fabp4, Plin-1 and Adipoq, and additionally Lep mRNA at day 21. The antagonist had no effect when incubated with mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, genetically disruption of NB-R in mice ASC or pharmacological antagonism of NB-R in 3T3-L1 cells impairs adipogenesis. The mechanisms suggested by results in 3T3-L1 cells involve reduction of cell proliferation and of early gene expressions, leading to decreased number of mature adipocytes. We speculate that NB-R antagonism may be useful to limit the increase in adiposity due to pre-adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva Monteiro de Paula
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianna Wilieman
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Campus of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Campus of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luana Lopes de Souza
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Dutra Asensi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimage - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Coeli Dos Santos Goldenberg
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stöckli J, Zadoorian A, Cooke KC, Deshpande V, Yau B, Herrmann G, Kebede MA, Humphrey SJ, James DE. ABHD15 regulates adipose tissue lipolysis and hepatic lipid accumulation. Mol Metab 2019; 25:83-94. [PMID: 31105056 PMCID: PMC6601125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin suppresses adipose tissue lipolysis after a meal, playing a key role in metabolic homeostasis. This is mediated via the kinase Akt and its substrate phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B). Once phosphorylated and activated, PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP leading to the inactivation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and suppression of lipolysis. However, several gaps have emerged in this model. Here we investigated the role of the PDE3B-interacting protein, α/β-hydrolase ABHD15 in this process. Methods Lipolysis, glucose uptake, and signaling were assessed in ABHD15 knock down and knock out adipocytes and fat explants in response to insulin and/or β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Glucose and fatty acid metabolism were determined in wild type and ABHD15−/− littermate mice. Results Deletion of ABHD15 in adipocytes resulted in a significant defect in insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis with no effect on insulin-mediated glucose uptake. ABHD15 played a role in suppressing PKA signaling as phosphorylation of the PKA substrate Perilipin-1 remained elevated in response to insulin upon ABHD15 deletion. ABHD15−/− mice had normal glucose metabolism but defective fatty acid metabolism: plasma fatty acids were elevated upon fasting and in response to insulin, and this was accompanied by elevated liver triglycerides upon β-adrenergic receptor activation. This is likely due to hyperactive lipolysis as evident by the larger triglyceride depletion in brown adipose tissue in these mice. Finally, ABHD15 protein levels were reduced in adipocytes from mice fed a Western diet, further implicating this protein in metabolic homeostasis. Conclusions Collectively, ABHD15 regulates adipocyte lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation, providing novel therapeutic opportunities for modulating lipid homeostasis in disease. Insulin was unable to suppress lipolysis in the absence of ABHD15 in adipocytes in vitro, ex vivo and in mice in vivo. The lipolysis defect was associated with defective signalling via protein kinase A and its substrate Perilipin-1. The defect was specific for lipolysis with no impairment in insulin signalling or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Deletion of ABHD15 caused a significant increase in fatty acid deposition in liver in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Armella Zadoorian
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Belinda Yau
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gaia Herrmann
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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31
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Milon A, Pawlicki P, Rak A, Mlyczynska E, Płachno BJ, Tworzydlo W, Gorowska-Wojtowicz E, Bilinska B, Kotula-Balak M. Telocytes are localized to testis of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and are affected by lighting conditions and G-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) signaling. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 271:39-48. [PMID: 30391242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aim to explore the presence of a novel cell type, telocytes (TCs), in the bank vole testis interstitium following G-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) signaling withdrawal. In addition, the involvement of interstitial cells in lipid homeostasis was investigated. Bank voles (actively reproducing or regressed) were administered with GPER antagonist (G-15; 50 μg/kg bw) injections. To examine TC distribution, ultrastructure, function, and their connotation in the interstitial tissue lipid balance, electron microscopic observations were implemented. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot for the TC marker, CD34, and lipid balance molecules: leptin, adiponectin, and perilipin were performed. Photoperiod-regulated testis steroidogenic function was estimated via serum melatonin level and intratesticular cholesterol concentrations in immunoenzymatic assays. We demonstrate the presence of TCs in bank vole testis interstitium. Distinctive TC morphology: small cell bodies with very long, slender prolongations, constituting a three-dimensional network around the interstitial cells was seen. Ultrastructurally, scarce mitochondria, a few cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets indicated possible TC implications in lipid homeostasis. Changes in CD34 expression in TCs were seen in relation to GPER disturbances. In GPER-blocked testis, single TCs were present in the LD interstitium when in SD ones they were occasionally absent. Moreover, in TCs of SD voles, a lack of lipid droplets was revealed, likely reflecting attenuated TC function during regression. However, melatonin levels decreased in GPER-blocked LD and SD. Concomitantly, leptin, adiponectin, and perilipin expressions together with cholesterol content varied after blockage. Based on our results we suggest TCs are an important component of the bank vole testis interstitium as they are implicated in ultramorphology maintenance, protein interactions, and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczynska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gorowska-Wojtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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32
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Scheller EL, Khandaker S, Learman BS, Cawthorn WP, Anderson LM, Pham HA, Robles H, Wang Z, Li Z, Parlee SD, Simon BR, Mori H, Bree AJ, Craft CS, MacDougald OA. Bone marrow adipocytes resist lipolysis and remodeling in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Bone 2019; 118:32-41. [PMID: 29360620 PMCID: PMC6062480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is preserved or increased in states of caloric restriction. Similarly, we found that BMAT in the tail vertebrae, but not the red marrow in the tibia, resists loss of neutral lipid with acute, 48-hour fasting in rats. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and its seemingly distinct regulation from peripheral white adipose tissue (WAT) remain unknown. To test the role of β-adrenergic stimulation, a major regulator of adipose tissue lipolysis, we examined the responses of BMAT to β-adrenergic agonists. Relative to inguinal WAT, BMAT had reduced phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) after treatment with pan-β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Phosphorylation of HSL in response to β3-adrenergic agonist CL316,243 was decreased by an additional ~90% (distal tibia BMAT) or could not be detected (tail vertebrae). Ex vivo, adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in purified BMAT adipocytes was also substantially less than iWAT adipocytes and had site-specific properties. Specifically, regulated bone marrow adipocytes (rBMAs) from proximal tibia and femur underwent lipolysis in response to both CL316,243 and forskolin, while constitutive BMAs from the tail responded only to forskolin. This occurred independently of changes in gene expression of β-adrenergic receptors, which were similar between adipocytes from iWAT and BMAT, and could not be explained by defective coupling of β-adrenergic receptors to lipolytic machinery through caveolin 1. Specifically, we found that whereas caveolin 1 was necessary to mediate maximal stimulation of lipolysis in iWAT, overexpression of caveolin 1 was insufficient to rescue impaired BMAT signaling. Lastly, we tested the ability of BMAT to respond to 72-hour treatment with CL316,243 in vivo. This was sufficient to cause beiging of iWAT adipocytes and a decrease in iWAT adipocyte cell size. By contrast, adipocyte size in the tail BMAT and distal tibia remained unchanged. However, within the distal femur, we identified a subpopulation of BMAT adipocytes that underwent lipid droplet remodeling. This response was more pronounced in females than in males and resembled lipolysis-induced lipid partitioning rather than traditional beiging. In summary, BMAT has the capacity to respond to β-adrenergic stimuli, however, its responses are muted and BMAT generally resists lipid hydrolysis and remodeling relative to iWAT. This resistance is more pronounced in distal regions of the skeleton where the BMAT adipocytes are larger with little intervening hematopoiesis, suggesting that there may be a role for both cell-autonomous and microenvironmental determinants. Resistance to β-adrenergic stimuli further separates BMAT from known regulators of energy partitioning and contributes to our understanding of why BMAT is preserved in states of fasting and caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shaima Khandaker
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - William P Cawthorn
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Lindsay M Anderson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - H A Pham
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Hero Robles
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Sebastian D Parlee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Becky R Simon
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Adam J Bree
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Burrell JA, King WT, Dunn R, Schwarz JM, Ribnicky DM, Rood J, Salbaum JM, Stephens JM. An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia inhibits lipolysis in vivo and has antilipolytic effects on murine adipocytes in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1053-E1061. [PMID: 30153067 PMCID: PMC6293162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) has metabolically favorable effects on adipocyte development and function in vitro and in vivo. In diet-induced obese mice, SCO supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels. Given the importance of adipocyte lipolysis in metabolic health, we hypothesized that SCO modulates lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. Free fatty acids and glycerol were measured in the sera of mice fed a high-fat diet with or without SCO supplementation. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the effects of SCO on lipolysis were assessed by measuring glycerol and free fatty acid release. Microarray analysis, qPCR, and immunoblotting were used to assess gene expression and protein abundance. We found that SCO supplementation of a high-fat diet in mice substantially reduces circulating glycerol and free fatty acid levels, and we observed a cell-autonomous effect of SCO to significantly attenuate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced lipolysis in cultured adipocytes. Although several prolipolytic and antilipolytic genes were identified by microarray analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from SCO-fed mice, regulation of these genes did not consistently correlate with SCO's ability to reduce lipolytic metabolites in sera or cell culture media. However, in the presence of TNFα in cultured adipocytes, SCO induced antilipolytic changes in phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin. Together, these data suggest that the antilipolytic effects of SCO on adipose tissue play a role in the ability of this botanical extract to improve whole body metabolic parameters and support its use as a dietary supplement to promote metabolic resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jasmine A Burrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William T King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ruth Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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34
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Kobayashi Y, Eguchi A, Tempaku M, Honda T, Togashi K, Iwasa M, Hasegawa H, Takei Y, Sumida Y, Taguchi O. Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with lipid and insulin metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E574-E582. [PMID: 29944389 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00160.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that hypertrophic adipocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the number of circulating adipocyte-derived EVs correlated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a pilot study using obese patients. Here, we explored the association between circulating EV level and various metabolic parameters, including obesity and lipid and glucose metabolisms, among 203 subjects (76 men and 127 women; median age, 54 yr) with or without risk factor for metabolic diseases, who received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Circulating EV number was significantly higher in men than in women ( P < 0.001). Circulating EV number in individuals with impaired OGTT pattern was significantly higher compared with those with normal OGTT patterns ( P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that circulating EV number correlated most strongly and significantly with elevated triglyceride (TG; t = 8.55, P < 0.001). Additionally, circulating EV number correlated significantly with homeostasis model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-β; t = 2.38, P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the cutoff value of EV numbers in individuals with elevated serum TG levels (≧150 mg/dl) was identified (136,738 EVs/μl of plasma, P < 0.001, sensitivity 0.842, false-positive rate of 0.257). Perilipin and asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 were detected on a part of isolated circulating EVs, indicating EV release from adipocytes and hepatocytes, which were related to lipid and glucose metabolism. Circulating EVs represent a promising metabolic biomarker for lipid and glucose metabolism and have potential for monitoring metabolic status in humans, including individuals without metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Honda
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Kenji Togashi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mie University Faculty of Education, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sumida
- Yokkaichi-Hazu Medical Center, Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Taguchi
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Smith A, Yu X, Yin L. Diazinon exposure activated transcriptional factors CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 150:48-58. [PMID: 30195387 PMCID: PMC6697052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposure could be a contributor to the increasing obesity epidemic. Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, has been widely used in the agriculture, and exposure of the general population to diazinon has been reported. Diazinon has been known to induce neurotoxic effects mainly through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, its association with dysregulation of adipogenesis has been poorly investigated. The current study aimed to examine the mechanism of diazinon's effect on adipogenesis using the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes combined with a single-cell-based high-content analysis. The results showed that diazinon induced lipid droplet accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. The dynamic changes of adipogenic regulatory proteins and genes were examined at the three stages of adipogenesis (induction, differentiation, and maturation) in 3T3-L1 cells treated with various doses of diazinon (0, 1, 10, 100 μM) using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot respectively. Diazinon significantly induced protein expression of transcriptional factors CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), their downstream proteins, fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin and perilipin in dose and time-dependent manners. Similarly, the adipogenic genes were significantly induced in a dose and time-dependent manner compared to the relative controls. The current study demonstrates that diazinon promotes lipid accumulation and activates the adipogenic signaling pathway in the in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Smith
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 150 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA..
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 150 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- ReproTox Biotech LLC, 111 Riverbend Drive, Athens, GA, USA.
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Bauerle KT, Hutson I, Scheller EL, Harris CA. Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling Is Not Required for In Vivo Adipogenesis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2050-2061. [PMID: 29579167 PMCID: PMC5905394 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of adipogenesis is of major interest given that adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction are central to metabolic syndrome. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important for adipogenesis in vitro. However, establishing a role for GCs in adipogenesis in vivo has been difficult. GC receptor (GR)‒null mice die at birth, a time at which wild-type (WT) mice do not have fully developed white adipose depots. We conducted several studies aimed at defining the role of GC signaling in adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. First, we showed that GR-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have compromised ability to form adipocytes in vitro, a phenotype that can be partially rescued with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist. Next, we demonstrated that MEFs are capable of forming de novo fat pads in mice despite the absence of GR or circulating GCs [by bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX)]. However, ADX and GR-null fat pads and their associated adipocyte areas were smaller than those in controls. Second, using adipocyte-specific luciferase reporter mice, we identified adipocytes in both WT and GR-null embryonic day (E)18 mouse embryos. Lastly, positive perilipin staining in WT and GR-null E18 embryos confirmed the presence of early white inguinal and brown adipocytes. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that GCs and GR augment but are not required for the development of functional adipose tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Bauerle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Irina Hutson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence: Charles A. Harris, MD, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. E-mail:
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Rudolph MC, Jackman MR, Presby DM, Houck JA, Webb PG, Johnson GC, Soderborg TK, de la Houssaye BA, Yang IV, Friedman JE, MacLean PS. Low Neonatal Plasma n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratios Regulate Offspring Adipogenic Potential and Condition Adult Obesity Resistance. Diabetes 2018; 67:651-661. [PMID: 29138256 PMCID: PMC5860857 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion progresses rapidly during postnatal life, influenced by both prenatal maternal factors and postnatal developmental cues. The ratio of omega-6 (n-6) relative to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is believed to regulate perinatal adipogenesis, but the cellular mechanisms and long-term effects are not well understood. We lowered the fetal and postnatal n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio exposure in wild-type offspring under standard maternal dietary fat amounts to test the effects of low n-6/n-3 ratios on offspring adipogenesis and adipogenic potential. Relative to wild-type pups receiving high perinatal n-6/n-3 ratios, subcutaneous adipose tissue in 14-day-old wild-type pups receiving low n-6/n-3 ratios had more adipocytes that were smaller in size; decreased Pparγ2, Fabp4, and Plin1; several lipid metabolism mRNAs; coincident hypermethylation of the PPARγ2 proximal promoter; and elevated circulating adiponectin. As adults, offspring that received low perinatal n-6/n-3 ratios were diet-induced obesity (DIO) resistant and had a lower positive energy balance and energy intake, greater lipid fuel preference and non-resting energy expenditure, one-half the body fat, and better glucose clearance. Together, the findings support a model in which low early-life n-6/n-3 ratios remodel adipose morphology to increase circulating adiponectin, resulting in a persistent adult phenotype with improved metabolic flexibility that prevents DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - David M Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Patricia G Webb
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Taylor K Soderborg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Becky A de la Houssaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Rondini EA, Mladenovic-Lucas L, Roush WR, Halvorsen GT, Green AE, Granneman JG. Novel Pharmacological Probes Reveal ABHD5 as a Locus of Lipolysis Control in White and Brown Adipocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:367-376. [PMID: 28928121 PMCID: PMC5698943 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge regarding acute regulation of adipocyte lipolysis is largely based on receptor-mediated activation or inhibition of pathways that influence intracellular levels of cAMP, thereby affecting protein kinase A (PKA) activity. We recently identified synthetic ligands of α-β-hydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) that directly activate adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by dissociating ABHD5 from its inhibitory regulator, perilipin-1 (PLIN1). In the current study, we used these novel ligands to determine the direct contribution of ABHD5 to various aspects of lipolysis control in white (3T3-L1) and brown adipocytes. ABHD5 ligands stimulated adipocyte lipolysis without affecting PKA-dependent phosphorylation on consensus sites of PLIN1 or hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Cotreatment of adipocytes with synthetic ABHD5 ligands did not alter the potency or maximal lipolysis efficacy of the β-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) agonist isoproterenol (ISO), indicating that both target a common pool of ABHD5. Reducing ADRB/PKA signaling with insulin or desensitizing ADRB suppressed lipolysis responses to a subsequent challenge with ISO, but not to ABHD5 ligands. Lastly, despite strong treatment differences in PKA-dependent phosphorylation of HSL, we found that ligand-mediated activation of ABHD5 led to complete triglyceride hydrolysis, which predominantly involved ATGL, but also HSL. These results indicate that the overall pattern of lipolysis controlled by ABHD5 ligands is similar to that of isoproterenol, and that ABHD5 plays a central role in the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis. As lipolysis is critical for adaptive thermogenesis and in catabolic tissue remodeling, ABHD5 ligands may provide a means of activating these processes under conditions where receptor signaling is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (E.A.R., L.M.-L., J.G.G.); Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (W.R.R., G.T.H.); and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.E.G.)
| | - Ljiljana Mladenovic-Lucas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (E.A.R., L.M.-L., J.G.G.); Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (W.R.R., G.T.H.); and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.E.G.)
| | - William R Roush
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (E.A.R., L.M.-L., J.G.G.); Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (W.R.R., G.T.H.); and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.E.G.)
| | - Geoff T Halvorsen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (E.A.R., L.M.-L., J.G.G.); Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (W.R.R., G.T.H.); and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.E.G.)
| | - Alex E Green
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (E.A.R., L.M.-L., J.G.G.); Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (W.R.R., G.T.H.); and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.E.G.)
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (E.A.R., L.M.-L., J.G.G.); Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (W.R.R., G.T.H.); and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.E.G.)
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Kuo T, Chen TC, Lee RA, Nguyen NHT, Broughton AE, Zhang D, Wang JC. Pik3r1 Is Required for Glucocorticoid-Induced Perilipin 1 Phosphorylation in Lipid Droplet for Adipocyte Lipolysis. Diabetes 2017; 66:1601-1610. [PMID: 28292967 PMCID: PMC5440017 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids promote lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) to adapt to energy demands under stress, whereas superfluous lipolysis causes metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Glucocorticoid-induced lipolysis requires the phosphorylation of cytosolic hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin 1 (Plin1) in the lipid droplet by protein kinase A (PKA). We previously identified Pik3r1 (also called p85α) as a glucocorticoid receptor target gene. Here, we found that glucocorticoids increased HSL phosphorylation, but not Plin1 phosphorylation, in adipose tissue-specific Pik3r1-null (AKO) mice. Furthermore, in lipid droplets, the phosphorylation of HSL and Plin1 and the levels of catalytic and regulatory subunits of PKA were increased by glucocorticoids in wild-type mice. However, these effects were attenuated in AKO mice. In agreement with reduced WAT lipolysis, glucocorticoid- initiated hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia were improved in AKO mice. Our data demonstrated a novel role of Pik3r1 that was independent of the regulatory function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in mediating the metabolic action of glucocorticoids. Thus, the inhibition of Pik3r1 in adipocytes could alleviate lipid disorders caused by excess glucocorticoid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyi Kuo
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Rebecca A Lee
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Nguyen Huynh Thao Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Augusta E Broughton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Danyun Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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40
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Debels H, Gerrand YW, Poon CJ, Abberton KM, Morrison WA, Mitchell GM. An adipogenic gel for surgical reconstruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in a rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:1230-1241. [PMID: 25950280 DOI: 10.1002/term.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
'Off-the-shelf' tissue-engineered skin alternatives for epidermal and dermal skin layers are available; however, no such alternative for the subdermal fat layer exists. Without this well-vascularized layer, skin graft take is variable and grafts may have reduced mobility, contracture and contour defects. In this study a novel adipose-derived acellular matrix (Adipogel) was investigated for its properties to generate subdermal fat in a rat model. In a dorsal thoracic site, a 1 × 1 cm Adipogel implant was inserted within a subdermal fat layer defect. In a dorsal lumbar site, an Adipogel implant was inserted in a subfascial pocket. Contralateral control defects remained empty. At 8 weeks wound/implant sites were evaluated histologically, immunohistochemically and morphometrically. Identifiable thoracic Adipogel implants lost volume in vivo over 8 weeks. Neovascularization and adipogenesis were evident within implants and adipocyte percentage volume was 33.07 ± 6.55% (mean ± SEM). A comparison of entire cross-sections of thoracic wounds demonstrated a significant increase in total wound fat in Adipogel-implanted wounds (37.19 ± 4.48%, mean ± SEM) compared to control (16.53 ± 4.60%; p = 0.0092), indicating that some Adipogel had been completely converted to normal fat. At the lumbar site, Adipogel also lost volume, appearing flattened, although fat generation and angiogenesis occurred. At both sites macrophage infiltration was mild, whilst many infiltrating cells were PDGFRβ-positive mesenchymal cells. Adipogel is adipogenic and angiogenic and is a promising candidate for subcutaneous fat regeneration; it has the potential to be a valuable adjunct to wound-healing therapy and reconstructive surgery practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Debels
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium
| | - Yi-Wen Gerrand
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | | | - Keren M Abberton
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wayne A Morrison
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geraldine M Mitchell
- O'Brien Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Health Science Faculty, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
OPA1 (Optic Atrophy 1) is a mitochondrial GTPase known to regulate fission of mitochondria. It was recently also shown to locate on lipid droplets in adipocytes where it functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) that mediates adrenergic control of lipolysis by facilitating PKA phosphorylation of perilipin (Plin1). In brown adipocytes indirect evidence support the notion that OPA1 regulation of fission serves to increase thermogenesis, which thereby contributes to dissipation of energy. In white adipocytes, OPA1 located on lipid droplets serves as a gatekeeper to control lipolysis induced by adrenergic agonists. However, the function of OPA1 in lipolysis and thermogenesis in inducible brown adipocytes (brite/beige cells) remains elusive. Here we discuss the role of OPA1 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic European Molecular Biology Laboratory Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Keskin I, Sutcu M, Eren H, Keskin M. Exposure to Tumescent Solution Significantly Increases Phosphorylation of Perilipin in Adipocytes. Aesthet Surg J 2017; 37:239-245. [PMID: 27590869 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjw156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine and epinephrine could potentially decrease adipocyte viability, but these effects have not been substantiated. The phosphorylation status of perilipin in adipocytes may be predictive of cell viability. Perilipin coats lipid droplets and restricts access of lipases; phospho-perilipin lacks this protective function. OBJECTIVES The authors investigated the effects of tumescent solution containing lidocaine and epinephrine on the phosphorylation status of perilipin in adipocytes. METHODS In this in vitro study, lipoaspirates were collected before and after tumescence from 15 women who underwent abdominoplasty. Fat samples were fixed, sectioned, and stained for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Relative phosphorylation of perilipin was inferred from pixel intensities of immunostained adipocytes observed with confocal microscopy. RESULTS For adipocytes collected before tumescent infiltration, 10.08% of total perilipin was phosphorylated. In contrast, 30.62% of total perilipin was phosphorylated for adipocytes collected from tumescent tissue (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The tumescent technique increases the relative phosphorylation of perilipin in adipocytes, making these cells more vulnerable to lipolysis. Tumescent solution applied for analgesia or hemostasis of the donor site should contain the lowest possible concentrations of lidocaine and epinephrine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Keskin
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sutcu
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Eren
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Keskin
- From the Department of Histology and Embryology, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, and the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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43
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Carr RM, Dhir R, Mahadev K, Comerford M, Chalasani NP, Ahima RS. Perilipin Staining Distinguishes Between Steatosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Adults and Children. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:145-147. [PMID: 27567691 PMCID: PMC5161563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rotonya M Carr
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravindra Dhir
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kalyankar Mahadev
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Megan Comerford
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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44
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Hansen JS, Krintel C, Hernebring M, Haataja TJK, de Marè S, Wasserstrom S, Kosinska-Eriksson U, Palmgren M, Holm C, Stenkula KG, Jones HA, Lindkvist-Petersson K. Perilipin 1 binds to aquaporin 7 in human adipocytes and controls its mobility via protein kinase A mediated phosphorylation. Metabolism 2016; 65:1731-1742. [PMID: 27832861 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated glycerol metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glycerol efflux from adipocytes is regulated by the aquaglyceroporin AQP7, which is translocated upon hormone stimulation. Here, we propose a molecular mechanism where the AQP7 mobility in adipocytes is dependent on perilipin 1 and protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses combined with ex vivo studies in human primary adipocytes, demonstrate that perilipin 1 binds to AQP7, and that catecholamine activated protein kinase A phosphorylates the N-terminus of AQP7, thereby reducing complex formation. Together, these findings are indicative of how glycerol release is controlled in adipocytes, and may pave the way for the future design of drugs against human metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper S Hansen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Hernebring
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tatu J K Haataja
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia de Marè
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wasserstrom
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Madelene Palmgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena A Jones
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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45
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Abstract
The selective breakdown by autophagy of lipid droplet (LD)-stored lipids, termed lipophagy, is a lysosomal lipolytic pathway that complements the actions of cytosolic neutral lipases. The physiological importance of lipophagy has been demonstrated in multiple mammalian cell types, as well as in lower organisms, and this pathway has many functions in addition to supplying free fatty acids to maintain cellular energy stores. Recent studies have begun to delineate the molecular mechanisms of the selective recognition of LDs by the autophagic machinery, as well as the intricate crosstalk between the different forms of autophagy and neutral lipases. These studies have led to increased interest in the role of lipophagy in both human disease pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cingolani
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine. 615 Michael Street, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine. 615 Michael Street, Suite 201, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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46
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Vianello E, Dozio E, Arnaboldi F, Marazzi MG, Martinelli C, Lamont J, Tacchini L, Sigrüner A, Schmitz G, Corsi Romanelli MM. Epicardial adipocyte hypertrophy: Association with M1-polarization and toll-like receptor pathways in coronary artery disease patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:246-253. [PMID: 26841679 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In coronary artery disease (CAD) epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) shows an elevated inflammatory infiltrate. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important mediators of adipose tissue inflammation and they are able to recognize endogenous products released by damaged cells. Because adipocyte death may be driven by hypertrophy, our aim was to investigate in CAD and non-CAD patients the association between EAT adipocyte size, macrophage infiltration/polarization and TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS EAT biopsies were collected from CAD and non-CAD patients. The adipocyte size was determined by morphometric analysis. Microarray technology was used for gene expression analysis; macrophage phenotype and TLRs expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. Inflammatory mediator levels were determined by immunoassays. EAT adipocytes were larger in CAD than non-CAD patients and do not express perilipin A, a marker of lipid droplet integrity. In CAD, EAT is more infiltrated by CD68-positive cells which are polarized toward an M1 state (CD11c positive) and presents an increased pro-inflammatory profile. Both TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression is higher in EAT from CAD and observed on all the CD68-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that EAT hypertrophy in CAD promotes adipocyte degeneration and drives local inflammation through increased infiltration of macrophages which are mainly polarized towards an M1 state and express both TLR-2 and TLR-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M G Marazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Martinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - J Lamont
- Randox Laboratories LTD, R&D, Crumlin-Antrim, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Sigrüner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; SMEL-1 Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
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