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Bay Y, Egeberg Jeppesen M, Frydenvang K, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Pickering DS, Kristensen AS, Kastrup JS. The positive allosteric modulator BPAM344 and L-glutamate introduce an active-like structure of the ligand-binding domain of GluK2. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:743-757. [PMID: 38369668 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Kainate receptors belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors and contribute to the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission. Consequently, they also play a role in brain diseases. Therefore, understanding how these receptors can be modulated is of importance. Our study provides a crystal structure of the dimeric ligand-binding domain of the kainate receptor GluK2 in complex with L-glutamate and the small-molecule positive allosteric modulator, BPAM344, in an active-like conformation. The role of Thr535 and Gln786 in modulating GluK2 by BPAM344 was investigated using a calcium-sensitive fluorescence-based assay on transiently transfected cells expressing GluK2 and mutants hereof. This study may aid in the design of compounds targeting kainate receptors, expanding their potential as targets for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Egeberg Jeppesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Skov Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bay Y, Venskutonytė R, Frantsen SM, Thorsen TS, Musgaard M, Frydenvang K, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Biggin PC, Kristensen AS, Boesen T, Pickering DS, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS. Small-molecule positive allosteric modulation of homomeric kainate receptors GluK1-3: development of screening assays and insight into GluK3 structure. FEBS J 2024; 291:1506-1529. [PMID: 38145505 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The kainate receptors GluK1-3 (glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate receptors 1-3) belong to the family of ionotropic glutamate receptors and are essential for fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and are associated with neurological and psychiatric diseases. How these receptors can be modulated by small-molecule agents is not well understood, especially for GluK3. We show that the positive allosteric modulator BPAM344 can be used to establish robust calcium-sensitive fluorescence-based assays to test agonists, antagonists, and positive allosteric modulators of GluK1-3. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of BPAM344 for potentiating the response of 100 μm kainate was determined to be 26.3 μm for GluK1, 75.4 μm for GluK2, and 639 μm for GluK3. Domoate was found to be a potent agonist for GluK1 and GluK2, with an EC50 of 0.77 and 1.33 μm, respectively, upon co-application of 150 μm BPAM344. At GluK3, domoate acts as a very weak agonist or antagonist with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 14.5 μm, in presence of 500 μm BPAM344 and 100 μm kainate for competition binding. Using H523A-mutated GluK3, we determined the first dimeric structure of the ligand-binding domain by X-ray crystallography, allowing location of BPAM344, as well as zinc-, sodium-, and chloride-ion binding sites at the dimer interface. Molecular dynamics simulations support the stability of the ion sites as well as the involvement of Asp761, Asp790, and Glu797 in the binding of zinc ions. Using electron microscopy, we show that, in presence of glutamate and BPAM344, full-length GluK3 adopts a dimer-of-dimers arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine M Frantsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor S Thorsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Francotte P, Bay Y, Goffin E, Colson T, Lesenfants C, Dorosz J, Laulumaa S, Fraikin P, de Tullio P, Beaufour C, Botez I, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Danober L, Kristensen AS, Kastrup JS, Pirotte B. Exploring thienothiadiazine dioxides as isosteric analogues of benzo- and pyridothiadiazine dioxides in the search of new AMPA and kainate receptor positive allosteric modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116036. [PMID: 38101041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation on AMPA and kainate receptors of new examples of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-thieno[3,2-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides is described. The introduction of a cyclopropyl chain instead of an ethyl chain at the 4-position of the thiadiazine ring was found to dramatically improve the potentiator activity on AMPA receptors, with compound 32 (BPAM395) expressing in vitro activity on AMPARs (EC2x = 0.24 μM) close to that of the reference 4-cyclopropyl-substituted benzothiadiazine dioxide 10 (BPAM344). Interestingly, the 4-allyl-substituted thienothiadiazine dioxide 27 (BPAM307) emerged as the most promising compound on kainate receptors being a more effective potentiator than the 4-cyclopropyl-substituted thienothiadiazine dioxide 32 and supporting the view that the 4-allyl substitution of the thiadiazine ring could be more favorable than the 4-cyclopropyl substitution to induce marked activity on kainate receptors versus AMPA receptors. The thieno-analogue 36 (BPAM279) of the clinically tested S18986 (11) was selected for in vivo evaluation in mice as a cognitive enhancer due to a safer profile than 32 after massive per os drug administration. Compound 36 was found to increase the cognition performance in mice at low doses (1 mg/kg) per os suggesting that the compound was well absorbed after oral administration and able to reach the central nervous system. Finally, compound 32 was selected for co-crystallization with the GluA2-LBD (L504Y,N775S) and glutamate to examine the binding mode of thienothiadiazine dioxides within the allosteric binding site of the AMPA receptor. At the allosteric site, this compound established similar interactions as the previously reported BTD-type AMPA receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cindy Lesenfants
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Beaufour
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches et Développement Servier Paris-Saclay, 22 route 128, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anders Skov Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Degotte G, Frederich M, Francotte P, Franck T, Colson T, Serteyn D, Mouithys-Mickalad A. Targeting Myeloperoxidase Activity and Neutrophil ROS Production to Modulate Redox Process: Effect of Ellagic Acid and Analogues. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114516. [PMID: 37298992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a Plasmodium genus parasite that remains the most widespread parasitosis. The spread of Plasmodium clones that are increasingly resistant to antimalarial molecules is a serious public health problem for underdeveloped countries. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic approaches is necessary. For example, one strategy could consist of studying the redox process involved in the development of the parasite. Regarding potential drug candidates, ellagic acid is widely studied due to its antioxidant and parasite-inhibiting properties. However, its low oral bioavailability remains a concern and has led to pharmacomodulation and the synthesis of new polyphenolic compounds to improve antimalarial activity. This work aimed at investigating the modulatory effect of ellagic acid and its analogues on the redox activity of neutrophils and myeloperoxidase involved in malaria. Overall, the compounds show an inhibitory effect on free radicals as well as on the enzyme horseradish peroxidase- and myeloperoxidase (HRP/MPO)-catalyzed oxidation of substrates (L-012 and Amplex Red). Similar results are obtained with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phorbol 12-mystate acetate (PMA)-activated neutrophils. The efficiency of ellagic acid analogues will be discussed in terms of structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Degotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Veterinary, Equine Clinic, Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Degotte G, Pendeville H, Di Chio C, Ettari R, Pirotte B, Frédérich M, Francotte P. Dimeric polyphenols to pave the way for new antimalarial drugs. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:715-733. [PMID: 37122550 PMCID: PMC10131582 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the threat of resistant Plasmodium sp., new orally active antimalarials are urgently needed. Inspired by the structure of ellagic acid, exhibiting potent in vivo and in vitro antiplasmodial effects, polyphenolic structures possessing a similar activity-safety profile were synthesized. Indeed, most exhibited a marked in vitro effect (IC50 < 4 μM) on resistant P. falciparum, without any detrimental effects reported during the toxicity assays (hemolysis, cytotoxicity, in vivo). In addition, they possessed a greater hydrosolubility (from 7 μM to 2.7 mM) compared to ellagic acid. Among them, 30 is the most promising for antimalarial purposes since it displayed a significant parasitaemia reduction after oral administration in mice (50 mg kg-1) compared to the orally ineffective ellagic acid. In conclusion, our investigations led to the identification of a promising scaffold, which could bring new insights for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Degotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège Quartier Hôpital - B36 Tower 4, +5, Avenue Hippocrate 15 4000 Liège Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège Quartier Hôpital - B36 Tower 4, +5, Avenue Hippocrate 15 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Hélène Pendeville
- Platform Zebrafish facility & transgenics, GIGA, University of Liège Quartier Hôpital - B34, +2, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Carla Di Chio
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche e ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche e ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège Quartier Hôpital - B36 Tower 4, +5, Avenue Hippocrate 15 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège Quartier Hôpital - B36 Tower 4, +5, Avenue Hippocrate 15 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège Quartier Hôpital - B36 Tower 4, +5, Avenue Hippocrate 15 4000 Liège Belgium
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Goffin E, Fraikin P, Abboud D, de Tullio P, Beaufour C, Botez I, Hanson J, Danober L, Francotte P, Pirotte B. New insights in the development of positive allosteric modulators of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors belonging to 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides: Introduction of (mono/difluoro)methyl groups at the 2-position of the thiadiazine ring. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115221. [PMID: 36863228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptors (AMPAR PAMs) have been proposed as new drugs for the management of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. The present study explored new AMPAR PAMs belonging to 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides (BTDs) characterized by the presence of a short alkyl substituent at the 2-position of the heterocycle and by the presence or absence of a methyl group at the 3-position. The introduction of a monofluoromethyl or a difluoromethyl side chain at the 2-position instead of the methyl group was examined. 7-Chloro-4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (15e) emerged as the most promising compound associating high in vitro potency on AMPA receptors, a favorable safety profile in vivo and a marked efficacy as a cognitive enhancer after oral administration in mice. Stability studies in aqueous medium suggested that 15e could be considered, at least in part, as a precursor of the corresponding 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted analogue and the known AMPAR modulator 7-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (3) devoid of an alkyl group at the 2-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 1/11 (B34), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Beaufour
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Julien Hanson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 1/11 (B34), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) - Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Degotte G, Pirotte B, Frédérich M, Francotte P. Polyhydroxybenzoic acid derivatives as potential new antimalarial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100190. [PMID: 34346088 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With more than 200 million cases and 400,000 related deaths, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases of 2021. Unfortunately, despite the availability of efficient treatments, we have observed an increase in people infected with malaria since 2015 (from 211 million in 2015 to 229 million in 2019). This trend could partially be due to the development of resistance to all the current drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new alternatives. We have, thus, selected common natural scaffolds, polyhydroxybenzoic acids, and synthesized a library of derivatives to better understand the structure-activity relationships explaining their antiplasmodial effect. Only gallic acid derivatives showed a noticeable potential for further developments. Indeed, they showed a selective inhibitory effect on Plasmodium (IC50 ~20 µM, SI > 5) often associated with interesting water solubility. Moreover, this has confirmed the critical importance of free phenolic functions (pyrogallol moiety) for the antimalarial effect. Methyl 4-benzoxy-3,5-dihydroxybenzoate (39) has, for the first time, been recognized as a potential lead for future research because of its marked inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum and its significant hydrosolubility (3.72 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Degotte
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Etsè KS, Dorosz J, McLain Christensen K, Thomas JY, Botez Pop I, Goffin E, Colson T, Lestage P, Danober L, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS, Francotte P. Development of Thiochroman Dioxide Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Positive Allosteric Modulators of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2679-2692. [PMID: 34242002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the activity of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides as positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors, thiochroman 1,1-dioxides were designed applying the isosteric replacement concept. The new compounds expressed strong modulatory activity on AMPA receptors in vitro, although lower than their corresponding benzothiadiazine analogues. The pharmacokinetic profile of three thiochroman 1,1-dioxides (12a, 12b, 12e) was examined in vivo after oral administration, showing that these compounds freely cross the blood-brain barrier. Structural analysis was achieved using X-ray crystallography after cocrystallization of the racemic compound 12b in complex with the ligand-binding domain of GluA2 (L504Y/N775S). Interestingly, both enantiomers of 12b were found to interact with the GluA2 dimer interface, almost identically to its benzothiadiazine analogue, BPAM344 (4). The interactions of the two enantiomers in the cocrystal were further analyzed (mapping Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint) and compared to those of 4. Taken together, these data explain the lower affinity on AMPA receptors of thiochroman 1,1-dioxides compared to their corresponding 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Sénam Etsè
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine McLain Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez Pop
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Degotte G, Pirotte B, Francotte P, Frédérich M. Overview of natural antiplasmodials from the last decade to inspire medicinal chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:6199-6233. [PMID: 33781183 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210329112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the major advances in the fight against this parasitic disease, malaria remains a major cause of concerns in 2020. This infection, mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum, causes every year more than 200 million of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths in developing regions, mostly in Africa. The last statistics show an increase of cases for the third consecutive year, from 211 million in 2015, it has reached 229 million in 2019. This trend could be partially explained by the appearance of resistances to all the used antimalarials, even to artemisinin. Thus, the design of new anti-Plasmodium compounds is an urgent need. For thousands of years, nature has offered to humans the medicines to cure their diseases or the inspiration for development of new active principles. It seems then logical to explore the natural sources to find new molecules to treat this parasitosis. METHOD Therefore, this review reports and analyzes the extracts (plants, bacteria, sponges, fungi) and the corresponding isolated compounds showing antiplasmodial properties between 2013 and 2019. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Nature remains a major source of active compounds. Indeed, 648 molecules from various origins, mostly plants, have been reported for their inhibitory effect on Plasmodium falciparum. Among them, 188 scaffolds were defined as highly active with IC50 ≤ 5 µM and have been reported here in details. Moreover, the most active compounds showed a large variety of structures: flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids... Therefore, these compounds could be an interesting source of inspiration for medicinal chemists. May-be several of these molecules should become the next leads for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Degotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège. Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège. Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège. Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège. Belgium
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10
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Mortensen M, Krall J, Kongstad KT, Brygger BM, Lenzi O, Francotte P, Sørensen TE, Nielsen B, Jensen AA, Smart TG, Frølund B. Developing New 4-PIOL and 4-PHP Analogues for Photoinactivation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4669-4684. [PMID: 31589403 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical roles played by GABAA receptors as inhibitory regulators of excitation in the central nervous system has been known for many years. Aberrant GABAA receptor function and trafficking deficits have also been associated with several diseases including anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and insomnia. As a consequence, important drug groups such as the benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and many general anesthetics have become established as modulators of GABAA receptor activity. Nevertheless, there is much we do not understand about the roles and mechanisms of GABAA receptors at neural network and systems levels. It is therefore crucial to develop novel technologies and especially chemical entities that can interrogate GABAA receptor function in the nervous system. Here, we describe the chemistry and characterization of a novel set of 4-PIOL and 4-PHP analogues synthesized with the aim of developing a toolkit of drugs that can photoinactivate GABAA receptors. Most of these new analogues show higher affinities/potencies compared with the respective lead compounds. This is indicative of cavernous areas being present near their binding sites that can be potentially associated with novel receptor interactions. The 4-PHP azide-analogue, 2d, possesses particularly impressive nanomolar affinity/potency and is an effective UV-inducible photoinhibitor of GABAA receptors with considerable potential for photocontrol of GABAA receptor function in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Krall
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kenneth T Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Benjamin M Brygger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ombretta Lenzi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) , University of Liege , Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, B36 , B-4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Troels E Sørensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Trevor G Smart
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
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11
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Laulumaa S, Hansen KV, Masternak M, Drapier T, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Frydenvang K, Kastrup JS. Crystal Structures of Potent Dimeric Positive Allosteric Modulators at the Ligand-Binding Domain of the GluA2 Receptor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:243-247. [PMID: 30891120 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionotropic glutamate receptor GluA2 is considered to be an attractive target for positive allosteric modulation for the development of pharmacological tools or cognitive enhancers. Here, we report a detailed structural characterization of two recently reported dimeric positive allosteric modulators, TDPAM01 and TDPAM02, with nanomolar potency at GluA2. Using X-ray crystallography, TDPAM01 and TDPAM02 were crystallized in the ligand-binding domain of the GluA2 flop isoform as well as in the flip-like mutant N775S and the preformed dimer L504Y-N775S. In all structures, one modulator molecule binds at the dimer interface with two characteristic hydrogen bonds being formed from the modulator to Pro515. Whereas the GluA2 dimers and modulator binding mode are similar when crystallized in the presence of l-glutamate, the shape of the binding site differs when no l-glutamate is present. TDPAM02 has no effect on domain closure in both apo and l-glutamate bound GluA2 dimers compared to structures without modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laulumaa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Voigt Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Masternak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Drapier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate,15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate,15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate,15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Alson SG, Jansen O, Cieckiewicz E, Rakotoarimanana H, Rafatro H, Degotte G, Francotte P, Frederich M. In-vitro and in-vivo antimalarial activity of caffeic acid and some of its derivatives. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1349-1356. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To explore the in-vitro and in-vivo antimalarial potential of caffeic acid and derivatives.
Methods
Two common phenolic acids (caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid) were evaluated for in-vitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activity in comparison with some semi-synthetic derivatives that were synthesized. An in-vitro assay based on plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity, and the classical in-vivo 5-day suppressive test from Peters on an artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium berghei strain was used. Parasitic stage sensitivity to ethyl caffeate was determined in this work.
Key findings
Phenolic acid esters derivatives showed better antiplasmodial activity than corresponding phenolic acids. The derivative with the highest in-vitro activity being caffeic acid ethyl ester, exhibiting an IC50 = 21.9 ± 9.4 μm. Ethyl caffeate and methyl caffeate were then evaluated for antimalarial activity in vivo and ethyl caffeate showed a growth inhibition of 55% at 100 mg/kg. Finally, it seems that ethyl caffeate blocks the growth of young parasitic forms.
Conclusions
Our study provides evidence for an antimalarial potential of caffeic acid derivatives which are common in several medicinal plants traditionally used against malaria. It also demonstrates the possibility to use such derivatives in the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain G Alson
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire d’Évaluation Pharmaco Clinique (LEPC), Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées (IMRA), Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Olivia Jansen
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ewa Cieckiewicz
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hajatiana Rakotoarimanana
- Laboratoire d’Évaluation Pharmaco Clinique (LEPC), Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées (IMRA), Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Herintsoa Rafatro
- Laboratoire d’Évaluation Pharmaco Clinique (LEPC), Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliquées (IMRA), Fondation Albert et Suzanne Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Gilles Degotte
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratoire de pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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13
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Drapier T, Geubelle P, Bouckaert C, Nielsen L, Laulumaa S, Goffin E, Dilly S, Francotte P, Hanson J, Pochet L, Kastrup JS, Pirotte B. Enhancing Action of Positive Allosteric Modulators through the Design of Dimeric Compounds. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5279-5291. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Drapier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Geubelle
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, ULiège, B34, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue de l’hôpital, 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Bouckaert
- NAmur MEdicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), NARILIS, UNamur, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Lise Nielsen
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Dilly
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, ULiège, B34, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue de l’hôpital, 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lionel Pochet
- NAmur MEdicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC), NARILIS, UNamur, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), ULiège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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14
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Goffin E, Drapier T, Larsen AP, Geubelle P, Ptak CP, Laulumaa S, Rovinskaja K, Gilissen J, Tullio PD, Olsen L, Frydenvang K, Pirotte B, Hanson J, Oswald RE, Kastrup JS, Francotte P. 7-Phenoxy-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides as Positive Allosteric Modulators of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors with Nanomolar Potency. J Med Chem 2017; 61:251-264. [PMID: 29256599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of 7-phenoxy-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides and their evaluation as AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators (AMPApams). The impact of substitution on the phenoxy ring and on the nitrogen atom at the 4-position was examined. At GluA2(Q) expressed in HEK293 cells (calcium flux experiment), the most potent compound was 11m (4-cyclopropyl-7-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide, EC50 = 2.0 nM). The Hill coefficient in the screening and the shape of the dimerization curve in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments using isolated GluA2 ligand-binding domain (GluA2-LBD) are consistent with binding of one molecule of 11m per dimer interface, contrary to most benzothiadiazine dioxides developed to date. This observation was confirmed by the X-ray structure of 11m bound to GluA2-LBD and by NMR. This is the first benzothiadiazine dioxide AMPApam to reach the nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goffin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Drapier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anja Probst Larsen
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Geubelle
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Christopher P Ptak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Saara Laulumaa
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karoline Rovinskaja
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Gilissen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lars Olsen
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Robert E Oswald
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Biostructural Research, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège , Quartier Hôpital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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15
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Krintel C, Francotte P, Pickering DS, Juknaitė L, Pøhlsgaard J, Olsen L, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation in the Binding of Modulators at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor GluA2. Biophys J 2017; 110:2397-2406. [PMID: 27276258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide type of positive allosteric modulators of the ionotropic glutamate receptor A2 (GluA2) are promising lead compounds for the treatment of cognitive disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. The modulators bind in a cleft formed by the interface of two neighboring ligand binding domains and act by stabilizing the agonist-bound open-channel conformation. The driving forces behind the binding of these modulators can be significantly altered with only minor substitutions to the parent molecules. In this study, we show that changing the 7-fluorine substituent of modulators BPAM97 (2) and BPAM344 (3) into a hydroxyl group (BPAM557 (4) and BPAM521 (5), respectively), leads to a more favorable binding enthalpy (ΔH, kcal/mol) from -4.9 (2) and -7.5 (3) to -6.2 (4) and -14.5 (5), but also a less favorable binding entropy (-TΔS, kcal/mol) from -2.3 (2) and -1.3 (3) to -0.5 (4) and 4.8 (5). Thus, the dissociation constants (Kd, μM) of 4 (11.2) and 5 (0.16) are similar to those of 2 (5.6) and 3 (0.35). Functionally, 4 and 5 potentiated responses of 10 μM L-glutamate at homomeric rat GluA2(Q)i receptors with EC50 values of 67.3 and 2.45 μM, respectively. The binding mode of 5 was examined with x-ray crystallography, showing that the only change compared to that of earlier compounds was the orientation of Ser-497 pointing toward the hydroxyl group of 5. The favorable enthalpy can be explained by the formation of a hydrogen bond from the side-chain hydroxyl group of Ser-497 to the hydroxyl group of 5, whereas the unfavorable entropy might be due to desolvation effects combined with a conformational restriction of Ser-497 and 5. In summary, this study shows a remarkable example of enthalpy-entropy compensation in drug development accompanied with a likely explanation of the underlying structural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina Juknaitė
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Pøhlsgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Larsen AP, Fièvre S, Frydenvang K, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS, Mulle C. Identification and Structure-Function Study of Positive Allosteric Modulators of Kainate Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:576-585. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Larsen AP, Francotte P, Frydenvang K, Tapken D, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Caignard DH, Lestage P, Danober L, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Synthesis and Pharmacology of Mono-, Di-, and Trialkyl-Substituted 7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides Combined with X-ray Structure Analysis to Understand the Unexpected Structure-Activity Relationship at AMPA Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:378-90. [PMID: 26771108 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptors are promising compounds for treatment of neurological disorders, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of mono-, di-, or trialkyl-substituted 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides, comprising in total 16 new modulators. The trisubstituted compounds 7b, 7d, and 7e revealed potent activity (EC2× = 2.7-4.3 μM; concentration of compound responsible for a 2-fold increase of the AMPA mediated response) as AMPA receptor potentiators in an in vitro cellular fluorescence assay (FLIPR). The 4-cyclopropyl compound 7f was found to be considerably less potent (EC2× = 60 μM), in contrast to previously described 4-monoalkyl-substituted benzothiadiazine dioxides for which the cyclopropyl group constitutes the best choice of substituent. 7b was subjected to X-ray structural analysis in complex with the GluA2 ligand-binding domain. We propose an explanation of the unexpected structure-activity relationship of this new series of mono-, di-, and trialkyl-substituted 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide compounds. The methyl substituent in the 3-position directs the binding mode of the 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (BTD) scaffold. When a methyl substituent is present in the 3-position of the BTD, additional methyl substituents in both the 2- and 4-positions increase potency, whereas introduction of a 4-cyclopropyl group does not enhance potency of 2,3,4-alkyl-substituted BTDs. A hydrogen bond donor in the 2-position of the BTD is not necessary for modulator potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Probst Larsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde, 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde, 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde, 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nørholm AB, Francotte P, Goffin E, Botez I, Danober L, Lestage P, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS, Olsen L, Oostenbrink C. Thermodynamic characterization of new positive allosteric modulators binding to the glutamate receptor A2 ligand-binding domain: combining experimental and computational methods unravels differences in driving forces. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3404-16. [PMID: 25420075 DOI: 10.1021/ci500559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluA2 presents a potential treatment of cognitive disorders, for example, Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we describe the synthesis, pharmacology, and thermodynamic studies of a series of monofluoro-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Measurements of ligand binding by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed similar binding affinities for the modulator series at the GluA2 LBD but differences in the thermodynamic driving forces. Binding of 5c (7-F) and 6 (no-F) is enthalpy driven, and 5a (5-F) and 5b (6-F) are entropy driven. For 5d (8-F), both quantities were equal in size. Thermodynamic integration (TI) and one-step perturbation (OSP) were used to calculate the relative binding affinity of the modulators. The OSP calculations had a higher predictive power than those from TI, and combined with the shorter total simulation time, we found the OSP method to be more effective for this setup. Furthermore, from the molecular dynamics simulations, we extracted the enthalpies and entropies, and along with the ITC data, this suggested that the differences in binding free energies are largely explained by the direct ligand-surrounding enthalpies. Furthermore, we used the OSP setup to predict binding affinities for a series of polysubstituted fluorine compounds and monosubstituted methyl compounds and used these predictions to characterize the modulator binding pocket for this scaffold of positive allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Francotte P, Nørholm AB, Deva T, Olsen L, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Fraikin P, de Tullio P, Challal S, Thomas JY, Iop F, Louis C, Botez-Pop I, Lestage P, Danober L, Kastrup JS, Pirotte B. Positive Allosteric Modulators of 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid Receptors Belonging to 4-Cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-pyridothiadiazine Dioxides and Diversely Chloro-Substituted 4-Cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9539-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501268r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Taru Deva
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Fabrice Iop
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Caroline Louis
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez-Pop
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut
de Recherches
Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines
(CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital,
1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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20
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Nørholm AB, Francotte P, Olsen L, Krintel C, Frydenvang K, Goffin E, Challal S, Danober L, Botez-Pop I, Lestage P, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS. Synthesis, Pharmacological and Structural Characterization, and Thermodynamic Aspects of GluA2-Positive Allosteric Modulators with a 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8736-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Beth Nørholm
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez-Pop
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemin de Ronde 125, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Research Centre (CIRM), University of Liege, Avenue de l’Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Graindorge E, Lestage P, Danober L, Challal S, Rogez N, Nosjean O, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. Development of Thiophenic Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Powerful Potentiators of 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7838-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Graindorge
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Rogez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Esters V, Karangwa C, Tits M, Francotte P, Pirotte B, Servais AC, Fillet M, Crommen J, Robbrecht E, Minet A, Grisar T, Angenot L, Frederich M. Unusual amino acids and monofluoroacetate from Dichapetalum michelsonii (Umutambasha), a toxic plant from Rwanda. Planta Med 2013; 79:334-337. [PMID: 23457020 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our investigations on Umutambasha in order to identify its convulsant principles, small quantities of monofluoroacetate were observed in stem bark, leaves, and fruits of this plant newly identified as Dichapetalum michelsonii Hauman. Conclusive evidence for a monofluoroacetate presence came from its isolation from the freeze-dried extract of stem bark. Three free unusual amino acids, named N-methyl-α-alanine, N-methyl-β-alanine, and 2,7-diaminooctan-1,8-dioic acid, described for the first time in a plant, and known trigonelline were also isolated from the stem bark of D. michelsonii. Structure elucidations were mainly achieved by spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS) and by comparison with authentic references. These unusual amino acids were detected by a fast, reliable TLC analysis in all our batches of Umutambasha, suggesting that they could be used for identification purposes in case of human or livestock intoxications. Finally, EEG recordings and behavioural observations performed in mice suggested that the convulsive patterns produced by Umutambasha are the consequence of monofluoroacetate presence in D. michelsonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Esters
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Pirotte B, Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Danober L, Lesur B, Botez I, Caignard DH, Lestage P, de Tullio P. Ring-fused thiadiazines as core structures for the development of potent AMPA receptor potentiators. Curr Med Chem 2011; 17:3575-82. [PMID: 20738245 DOI: 10.2174/092986710792927859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amongst ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, the AMPA receptor subtype has been recognized as a major contributor to the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and the expression and maintenance of longterm potentiation. This receptor subtype also represents an interesting target to develop innovative therapeutic drugs such as positive allosteric modulators (AMPA receptor potentiators) since the enhancement of AMPA signals is expected to be beneficial in the management of several neurological disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and learning-memory deficits linked to Alzheimer's disease. This article is dedicated to the use of (hetero) aromatic ring-fused thiadiazines (i.e. benzo- pyrido- and thienothiadiazines) as core structures for the discovery of new positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors. Recent advances exploring other chemotypes in the field of AMPA potentiators is the object of a separate review of the present issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pirotte
- Drug Research Center (Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament-CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Van Heugen JC, Gillotin F, Danober L, Thomas JY, Chiap P, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. New Fluorinated 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides: Discovery of an Orally Active Cognitive Enhancer Acting through Potentiation of the 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid Receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1700-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901495t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Florian Gillotin
- ATC s.a. (Advanced Technology Corporation), CHU de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Patrice Chiap
- ATC s.a. (Advanced Technology Corporation), CHU de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Avenue de l’Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Gillotin F, Chiap P, Frédérich M, Van Heugen JC, Francotte P, Lebrun P, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. Coupling of Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Solid-Phase Extraction/NMR Techniques for the Structural Identification of Metabolites following In Vitro Biotransformation of SUR1-Selective ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Openers. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:232-40. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Francotte P, Tullio PD, Podona T, Diouf O, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Caignard DH, Pirotte B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a second generation of pyridothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides acting as AMPA potentiators. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9948-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Amongst ionotropic receptors responding to glutamate, the AMPA subtype has been considered as essential for the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and the expression and maintenance of long-term potentiation. As glutamate is known to be involved in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, AMPA receptors seem to represent interesting targets to develop therapeutic drugs. Hence, the enhancement of AMPA signals is an approach currently investigated for the management of Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia or mood disorders. In particular, many efforts are being conducted in the development of AMPA positive allosteric modulators ("potentiators"), which alter the rate of receptor desensitization. The major chemical families developed as AMPA potentiators are aniracetam derivatives, cyclothiazide derivatives and biarylpropylsulfonamides derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Drug Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Av. de l'Hôpital, 1 (B36), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Francotte P, Tullio PD, Goffin E, Dintilhac G, Graindorge E, Fraikin P, Lestage P, Danober L, Thomas JY, Caignard DH, Pirotte B. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacology of Novel 7-Substituted 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides as Positive Allosteric Modulators of AMPA Receptors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3153-7. [PMID: 17552506 DOI: 10.1021/jm070120i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides have been synthesized and evaluated as potentiators of AMPA receptors. Attention was paid to the impact of the substituent introduced at the 7-position of the heterocycle. The biological evaluation was achieved by measuring the AMPA current in rat cortex mRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. The most potent compound, 4-ethyl-7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (12a) was found to be active in an object recognition test in rats demonstrating cognition enhancing effects in vivo after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Drug Research Center, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, Av. de l'Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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de Tullio P, Dupont L, Francotte P, Counerotte S, Lebrun P, Pirotte B. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers belonging to the 3-alkylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzo- and 3-alkylamino-4H-1,2,4-pyridothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide families. J Med Chem 2007; 49:6779-88. [PMID: 17154508 DOI: 10.1021/jm060534w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that selective activation of pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels could be of clinical value in the treatment of type I and type II diabetes, obesity, and hypersinsulinemia. Taking into account these promising therapeutic opportunities, we have explored the 3-alkylamino-4H-1,2,4-pyrido- and 3-alkylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide families. Among these series, numerous drugs were identified as highly potent and selective openers of either the pancreatic or the aortic KATP channels. Thanks to comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), quantitative structure-activity relationship approaches using more than 100 compounds, pharmacophoric models explaining the activity and selectivity of the drugs have been elaborated. These models highlighted the importance of several chemical regions for KATP channel activation and could be very helpful for future improvement of drug potency, selectivity, or both. Moreover, an original CoMSIA analysis, using a selectivity index (SI) as a dependent variable, was also performed with the aim of identifying the structural parameters influencing tissue selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal de Tullio
- Centre de recherche en Pharmacochimie des Substances Naturelles et Synthétiques, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, 1 avenue de l'hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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De Tullio P, Lebrun P, Florence X, Francotte P, Pirotte B. Selective pancreatic ATP-sensitive-potassium channel openers for the treatment of glucose homeostasis disorder. DRUG FUTURE 2006. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2006.031.11.1036837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Tullio P, Boverie S, Becker B, Antoine MH, Nguyen QA, Francotte P, Counerotte S, Sebille S, Pirotte B, Lebrun P. 3-Alkylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides as ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers: effect of 6,7-disubstitution on potency and tissue selectivity. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4990-5000. [PMID: 16033278 DOI: 10.1021/jm0580050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 6,7-disubstituted 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides bearing a short alkylamino side chain in the 3-position were synthesized. These compounds were tested on rat pancreatic islets and on rat aorta rings. In vitro data indicated that in most cases substitution in the 6 and the 7 positions increased their activity as inhibitors of insulin secretion, while the myorelaxant potency of the drugs was maintained or enhanced according to the nature of the substituent in the 7-position. The presence of either chlorine or bromine atoms in the 6 and 7 positions did not improve the apparent selectivity of the drugs for the pancreatic tissue. By contrast, the introduction of one or two fluorine atoms, as well as the presence of a methoxy group in the 7-position, generated potent and selective inhibitors of insulin release. Radioisotopic and fluorimetric experiments performed with the most potent compound inhibiting insulin release (34, BPDZ 259, 6-chloro-7-fluoro-3-isopropylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide) confirmed that the drug activated K(ATP) channels. 34 was found to be one of the most potent and selective pancreatic potassium channel openers yet described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal de Tullio
- Centre de Recherche en Pharmacochimie des Substances Naturelles et Synthétiques, Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université de Liège, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Abstract
First described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia type, affecting approximately 20 million people worldwide. As the population is getting older, AD is a growing health problem. AD is currently treated by symptomatic drugs, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, based on the cholinergic hypothesis (1976). During the past decade, advances in neurobiology have conducted to the identification of new targets. Although some of these innovative approaches tend to delay onset of AD, others are still symptomatic. In this review, we present an overview of the several strategies and new classes of compounds against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Francotte
- Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Dept of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Av. de l'Hôpital, 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Graindorge E, Francotte P, Boverie S, Tullio P, Pirotte B. New Trends in the Development of Positive Allosteric Modulators of AMPA Receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2174/1568015043357002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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