1
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Jinkerson RE, Poveda-Huertes D, Cooney EC, Cho A, Ochoa-Fernandez R, Keeling PJ, Xiang T, Andersen-Ranberg J. Biosynthesis of chlorophyll c in a dinoflagellate and heterologous production in planta. Curr Biol 2024; 34:594-605.e4. [PMID: 38157859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll c is a key photosynthetic pigment that has been used historically to classify eukaryotic algae. Despite its importance in global photosynthetic productivity, the pathway for its biosynthesis has remained elusive. Here we define the CHLOROPHYLL C SYNTHASE (CHLCS) discovered through investigation of a dinoflagellate mutant deficient in chlorophyll c. CHLCSs are proteins with chlorophyll a/b binding and 2-oxoglutarate-Fe(II) dioxygenase (2OGD) domains found in peridinin-containing dinoflagellates; other chlorophyll c-containing algae utilize enzymes with only the 2OGD domain or an unknown synthase to produce chlorophyll c. 2OGD-containing synthases across dinoflagellate, diatom, cryptophyte, and haptophyte lineages form a monophyletic group, 8 members of which were also shown to produce chlorophyll c. Chlorophyll c1 to c2 ratios in marine algae are dictated in part by chlorophyll c synthases. CHLCS heterologously expressed in planta results in the accumulation of chlorophyll c1 and c2, demonstrating a path to augment plant pigment composition with algal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Jinkerson
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Daniel Poveda-Huertes
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth C Cooney
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anna Cho
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rocio Ochoa-Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Xiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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2
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Hansen NL, Kjaerulff L, Heck QK, Forman V, Staerk D, Møller BL, Andersen-Ranberg J. Tripterygium wilfordii cytochrome P450s catalyze the methyl shift and epoxidations in the biosynthesis of triptonide. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5011. [PMID: 36008399 PMCID: PMC9411204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diterpenoid triepoxides triptolide and triptonide from Tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god wine) exhibit unique bioactivities with potential uses in disease treatment and as a non-hormonal male contraceptives. Here, we show that cytochrome P450s (CYPs) from the CYP71BE subfamily catalyze an unprecedented 18(4→3) methyl shift required for biosynthesis of the abeo-abietane core structure present in diterpenoid triepoxides and in several other plant diterpenoids. In combination with two CYPs of the CYP82D subfamily, four CYPs from T. wilfordii are shown to constitute the minimal set of biosynthetic genes that enables triptonide biosynthesis using Nicotiana benthamiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as heterologous hosts. In addition, co-expression of a specific T. wilfordii cytochrome b5 (Twcytb5-A) increases triptonide output more than 9-fold in S. cerevisiae and affords isolation and structure elucidation by NMR spectroscopic analyses of 18 diterpenoids, providing insights into the biosynthesis of diterpenoid triepoxides. Our findings pave the way for diterpenoid triepoxide production via fermentation. How triptonide is made in the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii is largely unknown. Here, the authors report the identification and characterization of a suite of cytochrome P450s and show their function in catalyzing the formation of triptonide from miltriadiene in tobacco and baker’s yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Lervad Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Louise Kjaerulff
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Quinn Kalby Heck
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Victor Forman
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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3
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Sørensen M, Andersen-Ranberg J, Hankamer B, Møller BL. Circular biomanufacturing through harvesting solar energy and CO 2. Trends Plant Sci 2022; 27:655-673. [PMID: 35396170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using synthetic biology, it is now time to expand the biosynthetic repertoire of plants and microalgae by utilizing the chloroplast to augment the production of desired high-value compounds and of oil-, carbohydrate-, or protein-enriched biomass based on direct harvesting of solar energy and the consumption of CO2. Multistream product lines based on separate commercialization of the isolated high-value compounds and of the improved bulk products increase the economic potential of the light-driven production system and accelerate commercial scale up. Here we outline the scientific basis for the establishment of such green circular biomanufacturing systems and highlight recent results that make this a realistic option based on cross-disciplinary basic and applied research to advance long-term solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dautermann O, Lyska D, Andersen-Ranberg J, Becker M, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Gartmann H, Krämer LC, Mayr K, Pieper D, Rij LM, Wipf HML, Niyogi KK, Lohr M. An algal enzyme required for biosynthesis of the most abundant marine carotenoids. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaw9183. [PMID: 32181334 PMCID: PMC7056318 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw9183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin and its derivatives are the main light-harvesting pigments in the photosynthetic apparatus of many chromalveolate algae and represent the most abundant carotenoids in the world's oceans, thus being major facilitators of marine primary production. A central step in fucoxanthin biosynthesis that has been elusive so far is the conversion of violaxanthin to neoxanthin. Here, we show that in chromalveolates, this reaction is catalyzed by violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like (VDL) proteins and that VDL is also involved in the formation of other light-harvesting carotenoids such as peridinin or vaucheriaxanthin. VDL is closely related to the photoprotective enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase that operates in plants and most algae, revealing that in major phyla of marine algae, an ancient gene duplication triggered the evolution of carotenoid functions beyond photoprotection toward light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Dautermann
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Lyska
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J. Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. Becker
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Fröhlich-Nowoisky
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Gartmann
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L. C. Krämer
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Mayr
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Pieper
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L. M. Rij
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. M.-L. Wipf
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. K. Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - M. Lohr
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Pflanzenbiochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Andersen-Ranberg J, Kongstad KT, Nafisi M, Staerk D, Okkels FT, Mortensen UH, Lindberg Møller B, Frandsen RJN, Kannangara R. Cover Feature: Synthesis of C-Glucosylated Octaketide Anthraquinones in Nicotiana benthamiana
by Using a Multispecies-Based Biosynthetic Pathway (ChemBioChem 19/2017). Chembiochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
- Present address: Department of Plant Microbial Biology; University of California Berkeley; 441 Koshland Hall Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA
| | - Kenneth Thermann Kongstad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Majse Nafisi
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
- Chr. Hansen A/S; Bøge Alle 10-12 2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Finn Thyge Okkels
- Chr. Hansen A/S; Bøge Alle 10-12 2970 Hørsholm Denmark
- Present address: ActaBio ApS; Kongemarken 11 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Søltofts Plads Building 221 and 223 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Rasmus John Normand Frandsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Technical University of Denmark; Søltofts Plads Building 221 and 223 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Rubini Kannangara
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
- Chr. Hansen A/S; Bøge Alle 10-12 2970 Hørsholm Denmark
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6
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Andersen-Ranberg J, Kongstad KT, Nafisi M, Staerk D, Okkels FT, Mortensen UH, Lindberg Møller B, Frandsen RJN, Kannangara R. Synthesis of C-Glucosylated Octaketide Anthraquinones in Nicotiana benthamiana by Using a Multispecies-Based Biosynthetic Pathway. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1893-1897. [PMID: 28719729 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carminic acid is a C-glucosylated octaketide anthraquinone and the main constituent of the natural dye carmine (E120), possessing unique coloring, stability, and solubility properties. Despite being used since ancient times, longstanding efforts to elucidate its route of biosynthesis have been unsuccessful. Herein, a novel combination of enzymes derived from a plant (Aloe arborescens, Aa), a bacterium (Streptomyces sp. R1128, St), and an insect (Dactylopius coccus, Dc) that allows for the biosynthesis of the C-glucosylated anthraquinone, dcII, a precursor for carminic acid, is reported. The pathway, which consists of AaOKS, StZhuI, StZhuJ, and DcUGT2, presents an alternative biosynthetic approach for the production of polyketides by using a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) and tailoring enzymes originating from a type II PKS system. The current study showcases the power of using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana for efficient and rapid identification of functional biosynthetic pathways, including both soluble and membrane-bound enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present address: Department of Plant Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, 441 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Kenneth Thermann Kongstad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majse Nafisi
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Thyge Okkels
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Present address: ActaBio ApS, Kongemarken 11, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221 and 223, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus John Normand Frandsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221 and 223, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rubini Kannangara
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Alle 10-12, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
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7
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Andersen TB, Martinez-Swatson KA, Rasmussen SA, Boughton BA, Jørgensen K, Andersen-Ranberg J, Nyberg N, Christensen SB, Simonsen HT. Localization and in-Vivo Characterization of Thapsia garganica CYP76AE2 Indicates a Role in Thapsigargin Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2017; 174:56-72. [PMID: 28275147 PMCID: PMC5411132 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean plant Thapsia garganica (dicot, Apiaceae), also known as deadly carrot, produces the highly toxic compound thapsigargin. This compound is a potent inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase calcium pump in mammals and is of industrial importance as the active moiety of the anticancer drug mipsagargin, currently in clinical trials. Knowledge of thapsigargin in planta storage and biosynthesis has been limited. Here, we present the putative second step in thapsigargin biosynthesis, by showing that the cytochrome P450 TgCYP76AE2, transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, converts epikunzeaol into epidihydrocostunolide. Furthermore, we show that thapsigargin is likely to be stored in secretory ducts in the roots. Transcripts from TgTPS2 (epikunzeaol synthase) and TgCYP76AE2 in roots were found only in the epithelial cells lining these secretory ducts. This emphasizes the involvement of these cells in the biosynthesis of thapsigargin. This study paves the way for further studies of thapsigargin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Bundgaard Andersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Karen Agatha Martinez-Swatson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Silas Anselm Rasmussen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Berin Alain Boughton
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Kirsten Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Nils Nyberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Søren Brøgger Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.)
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.)
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark (T.B.A., K.J., J.A.-R.);
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark (K.A.M.);
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark (K.A.M., S.A.R., H.T.S.);
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (B.A.B.); and
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (N.N., S.B.C.)
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8
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Pateraki I, Andersen-Ranberg J, Jensen NB, Wubshet SG, Heskes AM, Forman V, Hallström B, Hamberger B, Motawia MS, Olsen CE, Staerk D, Hansen J, Møller BL, Hamberger B. Total biosynthesis of the cyclic AMP booster forskolin from Coleus forskohlii. eLife 2017; 6:e23001. [PMID: 28290983 PMCID: PMC5388535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forskolin is a unique structurally complex labdane-type diterpenoid used in the treatment of glaucoma and heart failure based on its activity as a cyclic AMP booster. Commercial production of forskolin relies exclusively on extraction from its only known natural source, the plant Coleus forskohlii, in which forskolin accumulates in the root cork. Here, we report the discovery of five cytochrome P450s and two acetyltransferases which catalyze a cascade of reactions converting the forskolin precursor 13R-manoyl oxide into forskolin and a diverse array of additional labdane-type diterpenoids. A minimal set of three P450s in combination with a single acetyl transferase was identified that catalyzes the conversion of 13R-manoyl oxide into forskolin as demonstrated by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The entire pathway for forskolin production from glucose encompassing expression of nine genes was stably integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and afforded forskolin titers of 40 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Pateraki
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allison Maree Heskes
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Forman
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Saddik Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology “bioSYNergy”, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Hansen NL, Heskes AM, Hamberger B, Olsen CE, Hallström BM, Andersen-Ranberg J, Hamberger B. The terpene synthase gene family in Tripterygium wilfordii harbors a labdane-type diterpene synthase among the monoterpene synthase TPS-b subfamily. Plant J 2017; 89:429-441. [PMID: 27801964 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Identification of a vast array of unusual sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids in T. wilfordii has spurred investigations of their pharmacological properties. The tri-epoxide lactone triptolide was the first of many diterpenoids identified, attracting interest due to the spectrum of bioactivities. To probe the genetic underpinning of diterpenoid diversity, an expansion of the class II diterpene synthase (diTPS) family was recently identified in a leaf transcriptome. Following detection of triptolide and simple diterpene scaffolds in the root, we sequenced and mined the root transcriptome. This allowed identification of the root-specific complement of TPSs and an expansion in the class I diTPS family. Functional characterization of the class II diTPSs established their activities in the formation of four C-20 diphosphate intermediates, precursors of both generalized and specialized metabolism and a novel scaffold for Celastraceae. Functional pairs of the class I and II enzymes resulted in formation of three scaffolds, accounting for some of the terpenoid diversity found in T. wilfordii. The absence of activity-forming abietane-type diterpenes encouraged further testing of TPSs outside the canonical class I diTPS family. TwTPS27, close relative of mono-TPSs, was found to couple with TwTPS9, converting normal-copalyl diphosphate to miltiradiene. The phylogenetic distance to established diTPSs indicates neo-functionalization of TwTPS27 into a diTPS, a function not previously observed in the TPS-b subfamily. This example of evolutionary convergence expands the functionality of TPSs in the TPS-b family and may contribute miltiradiene to the diterpenoids of T. wilfordii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj L Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Copenhagen, DK-1871, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy' and Copenhagen Plant Sciences Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allison M Heskes
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Copenhagen, DK-1871, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy' and Copenhagen Plant Sciences Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Copenhagen, DK-1871, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy' and Copenhagen Plant Sciences Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl E Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Copenhagen, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Björn M Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Copenhagen, DK-1871, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy' and Copenhagen Plant Sciences Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Copenhagen, DK-1871, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biology 'bioSYNergy' and Copenhagen Plant Sciences Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Luo D, Callari R, Hamberger B, Wubshet SG, Nielsen MT, Andersen-Ranberg J, Hallström BM, Cozzi F, Heider H, Lindberg Møller B, Staerk D, Hamberger B. Oxidation and cyclization of casbene in the biosynthesis of Euphorbia factors from mature seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5082-9. [PMID: 27506796 PMCID: PMC5003294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607504113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The seed oil of Euphorbia lathyris L. contains a series of macrocyclic diterpenoids known as Euphorbia factors. They are the current industrial source of ingenol mebutate, which is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis, a precancerous skin condition. Here, we report an alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated cyclization step in the biosynthetic pathway of Euphorbia factors, illustrating the origin of the intramolecular carbon-carbon bonds present in lathyrane and ingenane diterpenoids. This unconventional cyclization describes the ring closure of the macrocyclic diterpene casbene. Through transcriptomic analysis of E. lathyris L. mature seeds and in planta functional characterization, we identified three enzymes involved in the cyclization route from casbene to jolkinol C, a lathyrane diterpene. These enzymes include two cytochromes P450 from the CYP71 clan and an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). CYP71D445 and CYP726A27 catalyze regio-specific 9-oxidation and 5-oxidation of casbene, respectively. When coupled with these P450-catalyzed monooxygenations, E. lathyris ADH1 catalyzes dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl groups, leading to the subsequent rearrangement and cyclization. The discovery of this nonconventional cyclization may provide the key link to complete elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of ingenol mebutate and other bioactive macrocyclic diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Britta Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten T Nielsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy," DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Björn M Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Cozzi
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy," DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy," DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
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11
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Andersen-Ranberg J, Kongstad KT, Nielsen MT, Jensen NB, Pateraki I, Bach SS, Hamberger B, Zerbe P, Staerk D, Bohlmann J, Møller BL, Hamberger B. Expanding the Landscape of Diterpene Structural Diversity through Stereochemically Controlled Combinatorial Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2142-6. [PMID: 26749264 PMCID: PMC4755150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant‐derived diterpenoids serve as important pharmaceuticals, food additives, and fragrances, yet their low natural abundance and high structural complexity limits their broader industrial utilization. By mimicking the modularity of diterpene biosynthesis in plants, we constructed 51 functional combinations of class I and II diterpene synthases, 41 of which are “new‐to‐nature”. Stereoselective biosynthesis of over 50 diterpene skeletons was demonstrated, including natural variants and novel enantiomeric or diastereomeric counterparts. Scalable biotechnological production for four industrially relevant targets was accomplished in engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Thrane Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark
| | | | - Irini Pateraki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark
| | - Søren Spanner Bach
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Dan Staerk
- Natural Products Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, København, Denmark.
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12
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Andersen-Ranberg J, Kongstad KT, Nielsen MT, Jensen NB, Pateraki I, Bach SS, Hamberger B, Zerbe P, Staerk D, Bohlmann J, Møller BL, Hamberger B. Expanding the Landscape of Diterpene Structural Diversity through Stereochemically Controlled Combinatorial Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
| | | | - Morten Thrane Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
| | | | - Irini Pateraki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
| | - Søren Spanner Bach
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
| | - Britta Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology; University of California Davis; USA
| | - Dan Staerk
- Natural Products Research; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories; University of British Columbia; Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Center for Synthetic Biology; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 København Denmark
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13
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Gnanasekaran T, Vavitsas K, Andersen-Ranberg J, Nielsen AZ, Olsen CE, Hamberger B, Jensen PE. Heterologous expression of the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana and the effect of N-terminal modifications of the involved cytochrome P450 enzyme. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:24. [PMID: 26702299 PMCID: PMC4688937 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant terpenoids are known for their diversity, stereochemical complexity, and their commercial interest as pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics. Developing biotechnology approaches for the production of these compounds in heterologous hosts can increase their market availability, reduce their cost, and provide sustainable production platforms. In this context, we aimed at producing the antimicrobial diterpenoid isopimaric acid from Sitka spruce. Isopimaric acid is synthesized using geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a precursor molecule that is cyclized by a diterpene synthase in the chloroplast and subsequently oxidized by a cytochrome P450, CYP720B4. Results We transiently expressed the isopimaric acid pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and enhanced its productivity by the expression of two rate-limiting steps in the pathway (providing the general precursor of diterpenes). This co-expression resulted in 3-fold increase in the accumulation of both isopimaradiene and isopimaric acid detected using GC-MS and LC-MS methodology. We also showed that modifying or deleting the transmembrane helix of CYP720B4 does not alter the enzyme activity and led to successful accumulation of isopimaric acid in the infiltrated leaves. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a modified membrane anchor is a prerequisite for a functional CYP720B4 enzyme when the chloroplast targeting peptide is added. We report the accumulation of 45–55 μg/g plant dry weight of isopimaric acid four days after the infiltration with the modified enzymes. Conclusions It is possible to localize a diterpenoid pathway from spruce fully within the chloroplast of N. benthamiana and a few modifications of the N-terminal sequences of the CYP720B4 can facilitate the expression of plant P450s in the plastids. The coupling of terpene biosynthesis closer to photosynthesis paves the way for light-driven biosynthesis of valuable terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Vavitsas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Present address: Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 371 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Agnieszka Zygadlo Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, UNIK Center for Synthetic Biology, Villum Research Center "Plant Plasticity", University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Englund E, Andersen-Ranberg J, Miao R, Hamberger B, Lindberg P. Metabolic Engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for Production of the Plant Diterpenoid Manoyl Oxide. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:1270-8. [PMID: 26133196 PMCID: PMC4685428 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Forskolin is a high value diterpenoid with a broad range of pharmaceutical applications, naturally found in root bark of the plant Coleus forskohlii. Because of its complex molecular structure, chemical synthesis of forskolin is not commercially attractive. Hence, the labor and resource intensive extraction and purification from C. forskohlii plants remains the current source of the compound. We have engineered the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to produce the forskolin precursor 13R-manoyl oxide (13R-MO), paving the way for light driven biotechnological production of this high value compound. In the course of this work, a new series of integrative vectors for use in Synechocystis was developed and used to create stable lines expressing chromosomally integrated CfTPS2 and CfTPS3, the enzymes responsible for the formation of 13R-MO in C. forskohlii. The engineered strains yielded production titers of up to 0.24 mg g(-1) DCW 13R-MO. To increase the yield, 13R-MO producing strains were further engineered by introduction of selected enzymes from C. forskohlii, improving the titer to 0.45 mg g(-1) DCW. This work forms a basis for further development of production of complex plant diterpenoids in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Englund
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Andersen-Ranberg
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology
bioSYNergy, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Miao
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Center for Synthetic Biology
bioSYNergy, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Pateraki I, Andersen-Ranberg J, Hamberger B, Heskes AM, Martens HJ, Zerbe P, Bach SS, Møller BL, Bohlmann J, Hamberger B. Manoyl oxide (13R), the biosynthetic precursor of forskolin, is synthesized in specialized root cork cells in Coleus forskohlii. Plant Physiol 2014; 164:1222-36. [PMID: 24481136 PMCID: PMC3938615 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.228429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Forskolin, a complex labdane diterpenoid found in the root of Coleus forskohlii (Lamiaceae), has received attention for its broad range of pharmacological activities, yet the biosynthesis has not been elucidated. We detected forskolin in the root cork of C. forskohlii in a specialized cell type containing characteristic structures with histochemical properties consistent with oil bodies. Organelle purification and chemical analysis confirmed the localization of forskolin and of its simplest diterpene precursor backbone, (13R) manoyl oxide, to the oil bodies. The labdane diterpene backbone is typically synthesized by two successive reactions catalyzed by two distinct classes of diterpene synthases. We have recently described the identification of a small gene family of diterpene synthase candidates (CfTPSs) in C. forskohlii. Here, we report the functional characterization of four CfTPSs using in vitro and in planta assays. CfTPS2, which synthesizes the intermediate copal-8-ol diphosphate, in combination with CfTPS3 resulted in the stereospecific formation of (13R) manoyl oxide, while the combination of CfTPS1 and CfTPS3 or CfTPS4 led to formation of miltiradiene, precursor of abietane diterpenoids in C. forskohlii. Expression profiling and phylogenetic analysis of the CfTPS family further support the functional diversification and distinct roles of the individual diterpene synthases and the involvement of CfTPS1 to CfTPS4 in specialized metabolism and of CfTPS14 and CfTPS15 in general metabolism. Our findings pave the way toward the discovery of the remaining components of the pathway to forskolin, likely localized in this specialized cell type, and support a role of oil bodies as storage organelles for lipophilic bioactive metabolites.
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16
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Bach SS, Bassard JÉ, Andersen-Ranberg J, Møldrup ME, Simonsen HT, Hamberger B. High-throughput testing of terpenoid biosynthesis candidate genes using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1153:245-55. [PMID: 24777803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0606-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To respond to the rapidly growing number of genes putatively involved in terpenoid metabolism, a robust high-throughput platform for functional testing is needed. An in planta expression system offers several advantages such as the capacity to produce correctly folded and active enzymes localized to the native compartments, unlike microbial or prokaryotic expression systems. Two inherent drawbacks of plant-based expression systems, time-consuming generation of transgenic plant lines and challenging gene-stacking, can be circumvented by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. In this chapter we describe an expression platform for rapid testing of candidate terpenoid biosynthetic genes based on Agrobacterium mediated gene expression in N. benthamiana leaves. Simultaneous expression of multiple genes is facilitated by co-infiltration of leaves with several engineered Agrobacterium strains, possibly making this the fastest and most convenient system for the assembly of plant terpenoid biosynthetic routes. Tools for cloning of expression plasmids, N. benthamiana culturing, Agrobacterium preparation, leaf infiltration, metabolite extraction, and automated GC-MS data mining are provided. With all steps optimized for high throughput, this in planta expression platform is particularly suited for testing large panels of candidate genes in all possible permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Spanner Bach
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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