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Madeira P, Reddy MM, Assis J, Bolton JJ, Rothman MD, Anderson RJ, Kandjengo L, Kreiner A, Coleman MA, Wernberg T, De Clerck O, Leliaert F, Bandeira S, Ada AM, Neiva J, Pearson GA, Serrão EA. Cryptic diversity in southern African kelp. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11071. [PMID: 38745036 PMCID: PMC11093989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The southern coast of Africa is one of the few places in the world where water temperatures are predicted to cool in the future. This endemism-rich coastline is home to two sister species of kelps of the genus Ecklonia maxima and Ecklonia radiata, each associated with specific thermal niches, and occuring primarily on opposite sides of the southern tip of Africa. Historical distribution records indicate that E. maxima has recently shifted its distribution ~ 70 km eastward, to sites where only E. radiata was previously reported. The contact of sister species with contrasting thermal affinities and the occurrence of mixed morphologies raised the hypothesis that hybridization might be occurring in this contact zone. Here we describe the genetic structure of the genus Ecklonia along the southern coast of Africa and investigate potential hybridization and cryptic diversity using a combination of nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial markers. We found that both species have geographically discrete genetic clusters, consistent with expected phylogeographic breaks along this coastline. In addition, depth-isolated populations were found to harbor unique genetic diversity, including a third Ecklonia lineage. Mito-nuclear discordance and high genetic divergence in the contact zones suggest multiple hybridization events between Ecklonia species. Discordance between morphological and molecular identification suggests the potential influence of abiotic factors leading to convergent phenotypes in the contact zones. Our results highlight an example of cryptic diversity and hybridization driven by contact between two closely related keystone species with contrasting thermal affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Madeira
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Maggie M Reddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway
| | - John J Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Mark D Rothman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8012, South Africa.
| | - Robert J Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Lineekela Kandjengo
- Department of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Namibia, Sam Nujoma Campus, Henties Bay, Namibia
| | - Anja Kreiner
- National Marine Information and Research Centre, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Swakopmund, Namibia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Salomão Bandeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Abdul M Ada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - João Neiva
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Wernberg T, Coleman MA, Bennett S, Thomsen MS, Tuya F, Kelaher BP. Genetic diversity and kelp forest vulnerability to climatic stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1851. [PMID: 29382916 PMCID: PMC5790012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity confers adaptive capacity to populations under changing conditions but its role in mediating impacts of climate change remains unresolved for most ecosystems. This lack of knowledge is particularly acute for foundation species, where impacts may cascade throughout entire ecosystems. We combined population genetics with eco-physiological and ecological field experiments to explore relationships among latitudinal patterns in genetic diversity, physiology and resilience of a kelp ecosystem to climate stress. A subsequent 'natural experiment' illustrated the possible influence of latitudinal patterns of genetic diversity on ecosystem vulnerability to an extreme climatic perturbation (marine heatwave). There were strong relationships between physiological versatility, ecological resilience and genetic diversity of kelp forests across latitudes, and genetic diversity consistently outperformed other explanatory variables in contributing to the response of kelp forests to the marine heatwave. Population performance and vulnerability to a severe climatic event were thus strongly related to latitudinal patterns in genetic diversity, with the heatwave extirpating forests with low genetic diversity. Where foundation species control ecological structure and function, impacts of climatic stress can cascade through the ecosystem and, consequently, genetic diversity could contribute to ecosystem vulnerability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute (M470) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia.
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Scott Bennett
- UWA Oceans Institute (M470) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
- Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (Universitat de les Illes Balears-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Esporles, Spain
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- UWA Oceans Institute (M470) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 WA, Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Fernando Tuya
- IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre & Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
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Tellier F, Tapia J, Faugeron S, Destombe C, Valero M. THE LESSONIA NIGRESCENS SPECIES COMPLEX (LAMINARIALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) SHOWS STRICT PARAPATRY AND COMPLETE REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN A SECONDARY CONTACT ZONE(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:894-903. [PMID: 27020024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
During secondary contact between phylogenetically closely related species (sibling species) having diverged in allopatry, the maintenance of species integrity depends on intrinsic and extrinsic reproductive barriers. In kelps (Phaeophyceae), the observations of hybrids in laboratory conditions suggest that reproductive isolation is incomplete. However, not all interspecific crosses are successful, and very few hybrids have been observed in nature, despite the co-occurrence of many kelp species in sympatry. This suggests that there are reproductive barriers that maintain species integrity. In this study, we characterized the fine genetic structure of a secondary contact zone to clarify the extent of reproductive isolation between two sister species. In Lessonia nigrescens Bory (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) species complex, two cryptic species have been recently found out from gene phylogenies, and-waiting for a formal taxonomic description-we used their geographic distribution to name them (northern and southern species). We studied 12 populations, distributed along 50 km of coastline, and employed two molecular approaches, assigning individuals to phylogenetic species according to a diagnostic mitochondrial marker (351 individuals analyzed) and quantifying interspecific gene flow with four microsatellite markers (248 individuals analyzed). No hybridization or introgression was revealed, indicating complete reproductive isolation in natural conditions. Unexpectedly, our study demonstrated that the two species were strictly segregated in space. This absence of co-occurrence along the contact zone can partially explain the lack of hybridization, raising new interesting questions as to the mechanisms that limit sympatry at small spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Tellier
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, ChileCenter for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Javier Tapia
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, ChileCenter for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, ChileCenter for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Destombe
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, ChileCenter for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Myriam Valero
- Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte & CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, ChileCenter for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, "LIA DIAMS", Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post-code 6513677, Santiago, Chile UPMC Univ. Paris VI, UMR 7144, Equipe "BEDIM", LIA "DIAMS", Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29682 Roscoff, France
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