1
|
Trense D, Hoffmann AA, Fischer K. Large- and small-scale geographic structures affecting genetic patterns across populations of an Alpine butterfly. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14697-14714. [PMID: 34765135 PMCID: PMC8571576 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding factors influencing patterns of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of species is of particular importance in the current era of global climate change and habitat loss. These factors include the evolutionary history of a species as well as heterogeneity in the environment it occupies, which in turn can change across time. Most studies investigating spatio-temporal genetic patterns have focused on patterns across wide geographic areas rather than local variation, but the latter can nevertheless be important particularly in topographically complex areas. Here, we consider these issues in the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) from the European Alps, using genome-wide SNPs identified through RADseq. We found strong genetic differentiation within the Alps with four genetic clusters, indicating western, central, and eastern refuges, and a strong reduction of genetic diversity from west to east. This reduction in diversity may suggest that the southwestern refuge was the largest one in comparison to other refuges. Also, the high genetic diversity in the west may result from (a) admixture of different western refuges, (b) more recent demographic changes, or (c) introgression of lowland L. tityrus populations. At small spatial scales, populations were structured by several landscape features and especially by high mountain ridges and large river valleys. We detected 36 outlier loci likely under altitudinal selection, including several loci related to membranes and cellular processes. We suggest that efforts to preserve alpine L. tityrus should focus on the genetically diverse populations in the western Alps, and that the dolomite populations should be treated as genetically distinct management units, since they appear to be currently more threatened than others. This study demonstrates the usefulness of SNP-based approaches for understanding patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow, and selection in a region that is expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daronja Trense
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, ZoologyUniversity Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research GroupSchool of BiosciencesBio21 InstituteParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, ZoologyUniversity Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Souza TE, Cruz GADS, de Moura RDC. Impact of Limited Dispersion Capacity and Natural Barriers on the Population Structure of the Grasshopper Ommexecha virens (Orthoptera: Ommexechidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:706-715. [PMID: 33978918 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The grasshopper Ommexecha virens Serville has low dispersion capacity, and it is regarded as a specialist, only being found in sandy, dry environments with high incidence of sunlight. Considering these aspects, we evaluated the diversity and genetic structure of O. virens natural populations using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The data pointed to low expected heterozygosity for some populations (HE = 0.06-0.09), probably a consequence of positive inbreeding, which is typical of species showing low or null dispersion indices. Moreover, significant genetic differentiation was observed (FST = 0.50 and GST = 0.51), as well as low number of migrants (Nm = 0.47), indicating that the populations are genetically differentiated. This is likely related to the limitation in dispersing and fragmentation of suitable environment localities colonized by O. virens. The populations of O. virens were structured in three genetic groups associated to different landscapes, revealing the presence of a secondary contact zone, possibly arisen from isolation followed by genetic divergence among populations and subsequent gene flow of divergent individuals of O. virens. At last, we found positive isolation by distance (IBD; r: 0.427; P: 0.025) which is an important factor, since it may be adding to the emergence of reproductive barriers among individuals of O. virens that have been experiencing isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyago Eufrásio de Souza
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Geyner Alves Dos Santos Cruz
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética Evolutiva, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia de Moura
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trense D, Schmidt TL, Yang Q, Chung J, Hoffmann AA, Fischer K. Anthropogenic and natural barriers affect genetic connectivity in an Alpine butterfly. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:114-130. [PMID: 33108010 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key biological process serving several functions including connectivity among populations. Habitat fragmentation caused by natural or anthropogenic structures may hamper dispersal, thereby disrupting genetic connectivity. Investigating factors affecting dispersal and gene flow is important in the current era of anthropogenic global change, as dispersal comprises a vital part of a species' resilience to environmental change. Using finescale landscape genomics, we investigated gene flow and genetic structure of the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) in the Alpine Ötz valley system in Austria. We found surprisingly high levels of gene flow in L. tityrus across the region. Nevertheless, ravines, forests, and roads had effects on genetic structure, while rivers did not. The latter is surprising as roads and rivers have a similar width and run largely in parallel in our study area, pointing towards a higher impact of anthropogenic compared with natural linear structures. Additionally, we detected eleven loci potentially under thermal selection, including ones related to membranes, metabolism, and immune function. This study demonstrates the usefulness of molecular approaches in obtaining estimates of dispersal and population processes in the wild. Our results suggest that, despite high gene flow in the Alpine valley system investigated, L. tityrus nevertheless seems to be vulnerable to anthropogenically-driven habitat fragmentation. With anthropogenic rather than natural linear structures affecting gene flow, this may have important consequences for the persistence of species such as the butterfly studied here in altered landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daronja Trense
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Zoology, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas L Schmidt
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Qiong Yang
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Zoology, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brunke J, Radespiel U, Russo IR, Bruford MW, Goossens B. Messing about on the river: the role of geographic barriers in shaping the genetic structure of Bornean small mammals in a fragmented landscape. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
5
|
Heidinger IMM, Hein S, Feldhaar H, Poethke HJ. Biased dispersal of Metrioptera bicolor, a wing dimorphic bush-cricket. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:297-308. [PMID: 27774776 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the highly fragmented landscape of central Europe, dispersal is of particular importance as it determines the long-term survival of animal populations. Dispersal not only secures the recolonization of patches where populations went extinct, it may also rescue small populations and thus prevent local extinction events. As dispersal involves different individual fitness costs, the decision to disperse should not be random but context-dependent and often will be biased toward a certain group of individuals (e.g., sex- and wing morph-biased dispersal). Although biased dispersal has far-reaching consequences for animal populations, immediate studies of sex- and wing morph-biased dispersal in orthopterans are very rare. Here, we used a combined approach of morphological and genetic analyses to investigate biased dispersal of Metrioptera bicolor, a wing dimorphic bush-cricket. Our results clearly show wing morph-biased dispersal for both sexes of M. bicolor. In addition, we found sex-biased dispersal for macropterous individuals, but not for micropters. Both, morphological and genetic data, favor macropterous males as dispersal unit of this bush-cricket species. To get an idea of the flight ability of M. bicolor, we compared our morphological data with that of Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria, which are very good flyers. Based on our morphological data, we suggest a good flight ability for macropters of M. bicolor, although flying individuals of this species are seldom observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Monika Margret Heidinger
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, Bee Research Center, An der Steige 15, 97206, Veitshöchheim, Germany
| | | | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Cooper SJB, Lancaster ML, Packer JG, Carthew SM. Comparative Population Genetic Structure of the Endangered Southern Brown Bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus, in Fragmented Landscapes of Southern Australia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152850. [PMID: 27096952 PMCID: PMC4838232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic connectivity is a key factor for maintaining the persistence of populations in fragmented landscapes. In highly modified landscapes such us peri-urban areas, organisms’ dispersal among fragmented habitat patches can be reduced due to the surrounding matrix, leading to subsequent decreased gene flow and increased potential extinction risk in isolated sub-populations. However, few studies have compared within species how dispersal/gene flow varies between regions and among different forms of matrix that might be encountered. In the current study, we investigated gene flow and dispersal in an endangered marsupial, the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) in a heavily modified peri-urban landscape in South Australia, Australia. We used 14 microsatellite markers to genotype 254 individuals which were sampled from 15 sites. Analyses revealed significant genetic structure. Our analyses also indicated that dispersal was mostly limited to neighbouring sites. Comparisons of these results with analyses of a different population of the same species revealed that gene flow/dispersal was more limited in this peri-urban landscape than in a pine plantation landscape approximately 400 km to the south-east. These findings increase our understanding of how the nature of fragmentation can lead to profound differences in levels of genetic connectivity among populations of the same species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven J. B. Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jasmin G. Packer
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Susan M. Carthew
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia
| |
Collapse
|