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PVA-based assessment of resiliency, redundancy, and representation in an imperiled freshwater turtle. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Liebgold EB, Dickey MJ, Lamb SM, Howell HJ, Ransom TS. (Not) far from home: No sex bias in dispersal, but limited genetic patch size, in an endangered species, the Spotted Turtle ( Clemmys guttata). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9734. [PMID: 36620419 PMCID: PMC9812832 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal is common in many animals, with male-biased dispersal often found in studies of mammals and reptiles, including interpretations of spatial genetic structure, ostensibly as a result of male-male competition and a lack of male parental care. Few studies of sex-biased dispersal have been conducted in turtles, but a handful of studies, in saltwater turtles and in terrestrial turtles, have detected male-biased dispersal as expected. We tested for sex-biased dispersal in the endangered freshwater turtle, the spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) by investigating fine-scale genetic spatial structure of males and females. We found significant spatial genetic structure in both sexes, but the patterns mimicked each other. Both males and females typically had higher than expected relatedness at distances <25 km, and in many distance classes greater than 25 km, less than expected relatedness. Similar patterns were apparent whether we used only loci in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (n = 7) or also included loci with potential null alleles (n = 5). We conclude that, contrary to expectations, sex-biased dispersal is not occurring in this species, possibly related to the reverse sexual dimorphism in this species, with females having brighter colors. We did, however, detect significant spatial genetic structure in males and females, separate and combined, showing philopatry within a genetic patch size of <25 km in C. guttata, which is concerning for an endangered species whose populations are often separated by distances greater than the genetic patch size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Liebgold
- Department of Biological SciencesSalisbury UniversitySalisburyMarylandUSA
| | - Myra J. Dickey
- Department of EntomologyTexas A & M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Lamb
- Department of Biological SciencesSalisbury UniversitySalisburyMarylandUSA
| | | | - Tami S. Ransom
- Department of Environmental StudiesSalisbury UniversitySalisburyMarylandUSA
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Mack J, de Carle D, Kvist S. Prey, populations, and the pleistocene: evidence for low COI variation in a widespread North American leech. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:749-763. [DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1634698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mack
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle de Carle
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jordan MA, Mumaw V, Millspaw N, Mockford SW, Janzen FJ. Range-wide phylogeography of Blanding’s Turtle [Emys (= Emydoidea) blandingii]. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-01140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dupuis-Desormeaux M, Davy C, Lathrop A, Followes E, Ramesbottom A, Chreston A, MacDonald SE. Colonization and usage of an artificial urban wetland complex by freshwater turtles. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5423. [PMID: 30123718 PMCID: PMC6087426 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation authorities invest heavily in the restoration and/or creation of wetlands to counteract the destruction of habitat caused by urbanization. Monitoring the colonization of these new wetlands is critical to an adaptive management process. We conducted a turtle mark-recapture survey in a 250 ha artificially created wetland complex in a large North American city (Toronto, Ontario). We found that two of Ontario’s eight native turtle species (Snapping turtle (SN), Chelydra serpentina, and Midland Painted (MP) turtle, Chrysemys picta marginata) were abundant and both were confirmed nesting. The Blanding’s turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) was present but not well established. Species richness and turtle density were not equally distributed throughout the wetland complex. We noted SN almost exclusively populated one water body, while other areas of the wetland had a varying representation of both species. The sex ratios of both SN and MP turtles were 1:1. We tracked the movement of Snapping and Blanding’s turtles and found that most turtles explored at least two water bodies in the park, that females explored more water bodies than males, and that 95% of turtles showed fidelity to individual overwintering wetlands. We performed DNA analysis of two Blanding’s turtles found in the created wetlands and could not assign these turtles to any known profiled populations. The genetic data suggest that the turtles probably belong to a remnant local population. We discuss the implications of our results for connectivity of artificial wetlands and the importance of the whole wetland complex to this turtle assemblage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Davy
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Lathrop
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Followes
- Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Chreston
- Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Reid BN, Mladenoff DJ, Peery MZ. Genetic effects of landscape, habitat preference and demography on three co‐occurring turtle species. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:781-798. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan N. Reid
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Herpetology American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA
| | - David J. Mladenoff
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Zachariah Peery
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1630 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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Reid BN, Thiel RP, Palsbøll PJ, Peery MZ. Linking Genetic Kinship and Demographic Analyses to Characterize Dispersal: Methods and Application to Blanding’s Turtle. J Hered 2016; 107:603-614. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Davy CM, Kidd AG, Wilson CC. Development and Validation of Environmental DNA (eDNA) Markers for Detection of Freshwater Turtles. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200348 PMCID: PMC4511736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a potentially powerful tool for detection and monitoring of rare species, including threatened native species and recently arrived invasive species. Here, we develop DNA primers for a suite of nine sympatric freshwater turtles, and use it to test whether turtle eDNA can be successfully detected in samples from aquaria and an outdoor pond. We also conduct a cost comparison between eDNA detection and detection through traditional survey methods, using data from field surveys at two sites in our target area. We find that eDNA from turtles can be detected using both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), and that the cost of detection through traditional survey methods is 2–10X higher than eDNA detection for the species in our study range. We summarize necessary future steps for application of eDNA surveys to turtle monitoring and conservation and propose specific cases in which the application of eDNA could further the conservation of threatened turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Davy
- Wildlife Preservation Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne G. Kidd
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris C. Wilson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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Davy CM, Murphy RW. Conservation genetics of the endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) illustrate the risks of “bottleneck tests”. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of population genetics in turtles have suggested that turtles do not experience genetic impacts of bottlenecks as strongly as expected. However, recent studies cast doubt on two commonly used tests implemented in the program BOTTLENECK, suggesting that these findings should be re-evaluated. The Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata (Schneider, 1792)) is endangered both globally and within Canada, but genetic data required to develop effective recovery strategies are unavailable. Here, we conducted the first study of population genetic structure in C. guttata. We then used multiple small populations of C. guttata as replicates to test whether the commonly used program BOTTLENECK could detect the genetic signature of bottlenecks in our study populations, which are all thought to have experienced significant declines in the past 2–3 generations (75 years). Turtles (n = 256) were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. A suite of Bayesian population genetics analyses and a principal coordinates analysis identified a minimum of 6 distinct genetic populations and a maximum of 10 differentiated subpopulations across the sampled Canadian range of C. guttata, which corresponded to demographically independent units. BOTTLENECK failed to detect population declines. A literature review found that bottleneck tests in 17 of 18 previous genetic studies of tortoises and freshwater turtles were based on suboptimal sampling, potentially confounding their results. High retention of genetic diversity (allelic richness and heterozygosity) in isolated populations of C. guttata and other turtle species is encouraging for species recovery, but conclusions about the prevalence of genetic bottlenecks in such populations should be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Davy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
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