1
|
Pandey A, Tripathi V, Shukla M, Pandey R. Dimensionality and cross-language invariance of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among Indian adolescents and adults. J Sleep Res 2024:e14319. [PMID: 39128867 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Sleep quality, key to physical and mental health, requires regular assessment in clinical and non-clinical settings. Despite widespread use, the dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is debated, and its Hindi version's factor structure remains unexplored. Our study evaluates the PSQI's dimensionality among Indian adolescents and adults aiming to demonstrate cross-language (Hindi and English) invariance of its factor structure. The PSQI showed satisfactory item reliability, and a best-fitting two-factor model: "sleep efficiency" (comprising sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency), and "perceived sleep quality" (comprising remaining five PSQI components). This model showed configural invariance across age groups, sexes, and languages. Metric invariance was noted across age groups, but a partial metric non-invariance was observed across languages and sexes as reflected by differences in factor loadings. The second-order factor structure model had an excellent fit indicating the usefulness of aggregate scores of the two factors as a single index of sleep quality. Our findings better support a two-factor structure of sleep quality (both for English and Hindi versions of PSQI) in India. However, further validation in diverse clinical and non-clinical samples is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He J, Liu Q, Yang Z, Liu H, Wu T, Ding C, Huang K, Wang B. Cervical collar use following anterior cervical hybrid surgery: protocol for a prospective randomized, time-controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:409. [PMID: 37328785 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical hybrid surgery (HS) combines anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) to establish an individualized surgical plan for patients with multiple cervical disc degenerative diseases. In order to maintain the stability of the spine after HS, an external cervical collar is often used. However, there is still controversy regarding the importance of a cervical collar following surgery. This study aims to determine whether the cervical collar is effective and how long it should be worn after surgery. METHODS This is a randomized, single-center, prospective, parallel-controlled trial. Eligible participants will be selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome is the neck disability index, which will be evaluated before surgery and at one week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months following surgery. The secondary outcomes consist of the Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores, MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), visual analog scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Bazaz dysphagia scoring system, Falls Efficacy Scale, cervical collar satisfaction score, neck soft tissue assessment, and Braden Scale, as well as radiologic assessments for cervical lordosis, disc height of the operative levels, fusion rate, range of motion (ROM), and complications including anterior bone loss, prosthesis migration, and heterotopic ossification. The clinical and radiologic examinations were performed by investigators with no therapeutic relationship with the individual patient. All radiographs were examined by one independent radiologist. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Upon completion of this trial, our findings could provide an appropriate cervical collar-wearing guideline for patients receiving HS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR.org.cn ChiCTR2000033002. Registered on 2020-05-17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijiao Yang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingkui Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kangkang Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Beiyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Rd, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Wu YX, Lin YQ, Wang L, Zeng ZN, Xie XL, Chen QY, Wei SC. Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among frontline COVID-19 health care workers using classical test theory and item response theory. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:541-551. [PMID: 34534069 PMCID: PMC8805004 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The applicability of sleep-related scales to frontline medical staff for the COVID-19 pandemic has not been fully proved, so sleep survey results lack credibility and accuracy, creating difficulties for the guidance and treatment of frontline medical staff with sleep disorders, which is not conducive to the prevention and control of COVID-19. This study sought to analyze the reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among frontline medical staff fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A network questionnaire survey was used to investigate the PSQI among frontline medical staff who fought COVID-19 in Wuhan, China from March 19 to April 15, 2020. Combined with classical test theory and item response theory, the content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and other aspects of the PSQI were evaluated. RESULTS According to classical test theory, content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity of the PSQI were good. But the internal consistency was better after the deletion of the "daytime dysfunction" subscale. With regard to item response theory, difficulty, the differential item function, and the Wright map performed well. CONCLUSIONS The original PSQI showed acceptable applicability in frontline COVID-19 medical staff, and its characteristics moderately improved after the "daytime dysfunction" subscale was removed. CITATION Wang L, Wu Y-X, Lin Y-Q, et al. Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among frontline COVID-19 health care workers using classical test theory and item response theory. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(2):541-551.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xi Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Sleep Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qi Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Sleep Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Administrative Office, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Nan Zeng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Xie
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The First Operating Room, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yang Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The First Operating Room, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Chao Wei
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Sleep Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamashita Y, Nishigami T, Mibu A, Tanaka K, Wand BM, Catley MJ, Higashi T. Development and Psychometric Testing of the Japanese Version of the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pain Res 2021; 14:311-324. [PMID: 33568938 PMCID: PMC7870290 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s267930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Contemporary theories of pain suggest that how the body is perceived is central to the emergence of pain. The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) was developed to assess body-perception specific to the back in people with chronic low back pain. However, there is no comprehensive measure to quantify self-perception of the painful area in Japanese people with neck pain. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of a self-perception questionnaire specific to the neck and evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale using Rasch analysis. Materials and Methods The Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire (FreNAQ-J) was developed by modifying the FreBAQ-J. One hundred people with chronic neck pain and fifty-six matched healthy controls completed the questionnaire. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate targeting, category order, unidimensionality, person fit, internal consistency, differential item functioning, and differential test functioning in the neck pain population. Validity was investigated by examining the relationship between the FreNAQ-J and clinical status. Results People with chronic neck pain endorsed FreNAQ-J items with greater frequency than healthy controls. FreNAQ-J did not reject the null hypothesis of fitting the Rasch model, had acceptable internal consistency and good test–retest reliability. Summed FreNAQ-J scores were significantly correlated with pain intensity, disability, pain-related catastrophizing and fear of movement. Conclusion The individual items of the FreNAQ-J can be validly summed to provide a score of self-perception. The FreNAQ-J is the first scale developed for comprehensively evaluating disturbed body perception in Japanese patients with chronic neck pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Yamashita
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Morinaga Orthopedic Clinic, Saga, 849-0934, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishigami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0053, Japan
| | - Akira Mibu
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0001, Japan
| | | | - Benedict M Wand
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia
| | - Mark J Catley
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Measuring Subjective Sleep Quality: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031082. [PMID: 33530453 PMCID: PMC7908437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep quality is an important clinical construct since it is increasingly common for people to complain about poor sleep quality and its impact on daytime functioning. Moreover, poor sleep quality can be an important symptom of many sleep and medical disorders. However, objective measures of sleep quality, such as polysomnography, are not readily available to most clinicians in their daily routine, and are expensive, time-consuming, and impractical for epidemiological and research studies., Several self-report questionnaires have, however, been developed. The present review aims to address their psychometric properties, construct validity, and factorial structure while presenting, comparing, and discussing the measurement properties of these sleep quality questionnaires. A systematic literature search, from 2008 to 2020, was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus, with predefined search terms. In total, 49 articles were analyzed from the 5734 articles found. The psychometric properties and factor structure of the following are reported: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), SLEEP-50 Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). As the most frequently used subjective measurement of sleep quality, the PSQI reported good internal reliability and validity; however, different factorial structures were found in a variety of samples, casting doubt on the usefulness of total score in detecting poor and good sleepers. The sleep disorder scales (AIS, ISI, MSQ, JSS, LSEQ and SLEEP-50) reported good psychometric properties; nevertheless, AIS and ISI reported a variety of factorial models whereas LSEQ and SLEEP-50 appeared to be less useful for epidemiological and research settings due to the length of the questionnaires and their scoring. The MSQ and JSS seemed to be inexpensive and easy to administer, complete, and score, but further validation studies are needed. Finally, the ESS had good internal consistency and construct validity, while the main challenges were in its factorial structure, known-group difference and estimation of reliable cut-offs. Overall, the self-report questionnaires assessing sleep quality from different perspectives have good psychometric properties, with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent/divergent validity with sleep, psychological, and socio-demographic variables. However, a clear definition of the factor model underlying the tools is recommended and reliable cut-off values should be indicated in order for clinicians to discriminate poor and good sleepers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ning L, Shi L, Tao N, Li R, Jiang T, Liu J. Effects of Occupational Stress and Circadian CLOCK Gene Polymorphism on Sleep Quality of Oil Workers in Xinjiang, China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924202. [PMID: 32737280 PMCID: PMC7416614 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effect of occupational stress and circadian clock gene polymorphism on sleep disorder of oil workers in Xinjiang, China. Material/Methods We enrolled 2300 Xinjiang oil workers who had been working for at least 1 year. The Chinese revised version of the Occupational Stress Questionnaire (OSI-R), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and General Survey Questionnaire were used. A total of 308 subjects were selected for stress hormone measurements and gene polymorphism analysis of the circadian clock genes CLOCK, PER2, and PER3. Results The occupational stress scores were influenced by sex, smoking, marital status, age, and work type. Different work shift groups and different professional title groups had statistically significant sleep disorder incidences (P<0.05). The middle and high occupational stress groups had significantly higher subjective sleep quality, total PSQI scores, daytime dysfunction factor scores, and sleep disorder than in the low occupational stress group (P<0.05). CLOCK gene rs1801260 locus carrying TC genotype (OR=0.412, 95% CI=0.245–0.695), and CLOCK gene rs6850524 locus carrying GC and CC genotypes decreased sleep disorder risk (OR1=0.357, 95% CI1=0.245–0.695; OR2=0.317, 95% CI2=0.128–0.785). The main factors affecting the sleep quality of oil workers were length of service, individual strain capacity, glucocorticoid levels, Per3 gene, and the rs6850524 loci of CLOCK gene. Conclusions Occupational stress has an adverse effect on the sleep quality of workers. CLOCK gene and Per3 gene may increase risk of sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Lingyun Shi
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiwen Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever (DF) is a significant public health issue in Asia. We aimed to use clinical and laboratory data to derive a rapid and accurate case-finding tool for DF in children. METHODS This retrospective study used 24 DF-related characteristics and clinical features (17 clinical; 7 laboratory) of 177 pediatric patients (69 diagnosed with DF). Data were psychometrically evaluated using a Rasch measurement model, and their values for predicting DF risk were evaluated. RESULTS The 14-item scale (DF-14) fit the measurement model in assessing the likelihood of DF. When a cutoff point of -1.15 (in logit) of the DF-14 scale was used, the sensitivity was 0.76 and the specificity was 0.76. The area under the curve was 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.89-0.97). The DF-2 scale, comprised of white blood cell and platelet counts, was simple but clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS Simple laboratory data, such as those in the DF-2 and DF-14 scales, are useful for the early detection of DF risk in children. The DF-14 scale helps discriminate DF from other febrile illnesses and may eliminate the need for a costly and time-consuming dengue confirmation test.
Collapse
|
8
|
Panayides P, Gavrielides M, Galatopoulos C, Gavriilidou M. Using Rasch Measurement to Create a Quality of Sleep Scale for a Non-Clinical Sample Based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v9i1.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Chien TW, Lai WP, Lu CW, Wang WC, Chen SC, Wang HY, Su SB. Web-based computer adaptive assessment of individual perceptions of job satisfaction for hospital workplace employees. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011; 11:47. [PMID: 21496311 PMCID: PMC3101159 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To develop a web-based computer adaptive testing (CAT) application for efficiently collecting data regarding workers' perceptions of job satisfaction, we examined whether a 37-item Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ-37) could evaluate the job satisfaction of individual employees as a single construct. Methods The JCQ-37 makes data collection via CAT on the internet easy, viable and fast. A Rasch rating scale model was applied to analyze data from 300 randomly selected hospital employees who participated in job-satisfaction surveys in 2008 and 2009 via non-adaptive and computer-adaptive testing, respectively. Results Of the 37 items on the questionnaire, 24 items fit the model fairly well. Person-separation reliability for the 2008 surveys was 0.88. Measures from both years and item-8 job satisfaction for groups were successfully evaluated through item-by-item analyses by using t-test. Workers aged 26 - 35 felt that job satisfaction was significantly worse in 2009 than in 2008. Conclusions A Web-CAT developed in the present paper was shown to be more efficient than traditional computer-based or pen-and-paper assessments at collecting data regarding workers' perceptions of job content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsair-Wei Chien
- Department of Management, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chien TW, Wang WC, Chien CC, Hwang WS. Rasch analysis of positive changes following adversity in cancer patients attending community support groups. Psychooncology 2010; 20:98-105. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
11
|
Using multidimensional Rasch analysis to validate the Chinese version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ-CV). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-009-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Suleiman KH, Yates BC, Berger AM, Pozehl B, Meza J. Translating the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index into Arabic. West J Nurs Res 2009; 32:250-68. [PMID: 19915205 DOI: 10.1177/0193945909348230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This descriptive correlational study describes the translation process and the psychometric testing of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI has been successfully translated into Arabic and back-translated into English by 10 Arabic bilingual translators. Then the PSQI is tested in a sample of 35 healthy Arabic bilinguals.The internal consistency reliability for the Global PSQI demonstrates borderline acceptability (Cronbach's alpha = .65). The reliability is further supported by moderate to high correlations between five PSQI components and the global PSQI score (r = .53 to .82, p < .01). Convergent validity is supported by the global PSQI correlating strongly with the Insomnia Severity Index (r = .76) and moderately with the related construct of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 vitality subscale (r = -.33). Further testing of the PSQI is needed in a larger Arabic population, both clinical and healthy populations, living in their native countries.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chien TW, Wang WC, Lin SB, Lin CY, Guo HR, Su SB. KIDMAP, a web based system for gathering patients' feedback on their doctors. BMC Med Res Methodol 2009; 9:38. [PMID: 19534773 PMCID: PMC2709634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gathering of feedback on doctors from patients after consultations is an important part of patient involvement and participation. This study first assesses the 23-item Patient Feedback Questionnaire (PFQ) designed by the Picker Institute, Europe, to determine whether these items form a single latent trait. Then, an Internet module with visual representation is developed to gather patient views about their doctors; this program then distributes the individualized results by email. Methods A total of 450 patients were randomly recruited from a 1300-bed-size medical center in Taiwan. The Rasch rating scale model was used to examine the data-fit. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was conducted to verify construct equivalence across the groups. An Internet module with visual representation was developed to provide doctors with the patient's online feedback. Results Twenty-one of the 23 items met the model's expectation, namely that they constitute a single construct. The test reliability was 0.94. DIF was found between ages and different kinds of disease, but not between genders and education levels. The visual approach of the KIDMAP module on the WWW seemed to be an effective approach to the assessment of patient feedback in a clinical setting. Conclusion The revised 21-item PFQ measures a single construct. Our work supports the hypothesis that the revised PFQ online version is both valid and reliable, and that the KIDMAP module is good at its designated task. Further research is needed to confirm data congruence for patients with chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsair-Wei Chien
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|