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Almalky HA, Alasmari AN. Employers' perceptions of supports provided to their employees with disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 149:104750. [PMID: 38723430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The employment of individuals with disabilities is significantly low. Many factors are associated with this issue; however, support and accommodations that can be provided to such individuals can improve their employment rate and outcomes. This study aimed to examine the support provided to employees with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. The descriptive approach was utilized, and a survey was used to collect the data. The sample consisted of 86 employer participants to examine the support of their employees with disabilities. Findings revealed that the support provided was high, and the participants reported that such support facilitates finding and maintaining a job. In addition, the variables were all found to have no significant differences. Providing needed and necessary support is an effective strategy that leads to competitive employment for individuals with disabilities, especially for the long term. Implications and recommendations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A Almalky
- Department of Special Education, College of Education in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali N Alasmari
- Department of Special Education, College of Education in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Rennhack F, Lindahl-Jacobsen LE, Schori D. Pre-vocational therapy in mental health. Clients' desired and achieved productivity status. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:195-210. [PMID: 34602019 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2021.1968950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about work-related occupational therapy in psychiatric inpatient and day hospital clients is limited. AIMS The aim of the study was to explore the desired and achieved productivity status in mental health service users participating in a pre-vocational therapy (PVT) intervention. Outcome variables were productivity status and achievement of desired productivity status at discharge, and change or persistence of productivity status between admission and discharge. METHODS This is a short-term prospective study based on observational data from health records (N = 98). RESULTS At admission, 53.2% of participants named a clear desired productivity status; 46.8% did not. Of the former, 76.9% expressed a desire for employment or education on the regular job market; 28.0% achieved their desired outcome at discharge, whereas 72.0% did not. Overall, 58.5% retained, established or increased productive activities, while 41.5% were not engaged in or had reduced productive activities at discharge. These two groups differed in socio-economic and social-security-related characteristics, treatment-related characteristics and psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Some, but not all kinds of clients in acute psychiatric inpatient and day hospital settings manage to take a first step towards productive activities during the first phase of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Rennhack
- Directorate of Nursing, Therapies and Social Work, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik Schori
- Directorate of Nursing, Therapies and Social Work, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Witte I, Strandberg T, Granberg S, Gustafsson J. Intersectional perspectives on the employment rate in Supported Employment for people with psychiatric, neuropsychiatric, or intellectual disabilities: A scoping review. Work 2023; 74:435-454. [PMID: 36278382 PMCID: PMC9986703 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supported Employment (SE) has shown better results in the employment rate for persons with disabilities than other methods within vocational rehabilitation, but how SE affects the employment rate for subgroups in the interventions needs further attention. OBJECTIVE To examine previous research regarding the influence of intersecting statuses on the employment rate in SE for people with psychiatric, neuropsychiatric, or intellectual disabilities according to type of diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, age, level of education and previous work history. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in nine databases including peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to April 2021. Articles presenting the employment rate in SE interventions according to the intersecting statuses listed in the objective were included. RESULTS The searches identified 3777 unique records, of which 53 articles were included in data extraction. In most of the included articles, intersecting statuses did not affect the employment rate for people in the SE interventions with psychiatric disabilities. Few studies have examined neuropsychiatric and intellectual disabilities. A majority of the studies subjected to full-text analysis were excluded due to a lack of reporting of the effects of intersecting statuses on the employment rate. The studies that reported on the effects of intersecting statuses on the employment rate often had small samples and lacked statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Intersecting statuses do not appear to affect the employment rate for people receiving SE interventions, but systematic reviews with pooled samples need to be undertaken because of the low reporting rate and underpowered sample sizes in existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Witte
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Thomas Strandberg
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Sarah Granberg
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Audiological Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gustafsson
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Audiological Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Sauvé G, Buck G, Lepage M, Corbière M. Minds@Work: A New Manualized Intervention to Improve Job Tenure in Psychosis Based on Scoping Review and Logic Model. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:515-528. [PMID: 34331191 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction A significant proportion of people experiencing psychosis are unemployed, despite a strong desire to work. Current supported employment programs appear effective in helping them obtain employment, yet job tenure remains an arduous challenge. The objective of this study was to review the literature and model the results to inform the development of a new manualized group psychosocial intervention-'Minds@Work'-aimed specifically at improving job tenure in psychosis. Methods The study was registered on the Open Science Framework platform ( https://osf.io/he68z ). The literature was searched in Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library databases for studies examining predictors of job tenure in psychosis and existing occupational psychosocial interventions. Data were extracted using a pre-established form and synthesized using logic models. Results A total of 94 studies were included and their findings were modeled using different categories: intervention typologies, mechanisms of action, predictors of job tenure, outcomes and contextual factors. The 'Minds@Work' program was built based on these modeled findings and aimed to target specific predictors of job tenure while addressing some of the limitations of existing interventions. The program uses evidence-based techniques and is divided into 9 modules covering 4 themes: positive psychology (motivation, character strengths, self-compassion), neurocognitive remediation (attention, memory, problem-solving), cognitive biases training (jumping to conclusions, defeatists beliefs, theory of mind, attributional styles) and socioemotional coping skills (emotion regulation, communication). Conclusions Once validated, this new program is meant to be used either as a stand-alone intervention or integrated in supported employment initiatives, by employment specialists or healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Sauvé
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Montréal, 100 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC, H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Gabriella Buck
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marc Corbière
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.
- Department of Education - Career Counselling, Université du Québec À Montréal, Pavilion N, 1205 Saint-Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 3R9, Canada.
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Sundermann LM, Haunberger S, Gisler F, Kita Z. How do supported employment programs work? Answers from a systematic literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2022; 23:659-679. [PMID: 37621963 PMCID: PMC10444632 DOI: 10.1007/s10775-022-09533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have found that supported employment (SE) has effectively helped people with severe mental illness obtain and maintain competitive employment. However, most SE studies have asked "What works?" rather than discerning what works for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects and how. It is important to understand the outcomes of SE and identify the impact factors (contexts and mechanisms) that can trigger them. Four literature databases were searched for studies that analyzed counseling settings. Overall, 104 publications met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that most of the research on SE programs were one-dimensional, looking at either the effects of SE programs, the client or the professional, or the relationship between clients and professionals. The model reveals that impact factors are interconnected and can have a cumulative impact on the client, professionals, and the environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10775-022-09533-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M. Sundermann
- HSO Wirtschafts- und Informatikschule (HSO Business School), Andreasstrasse 15, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sigrid Haunberger
- School of Social Work, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, P.O. Box, 8037 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Gisler
- School of Social Work, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, P.O. Box, 8037 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanne Kita
- School of Management & Law, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Theaterstrasse 17, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
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Yamaguchi S, Sato S, Ojio Y, Shiozawa T, Matsunaga A, Taneda A, Sawada U, Yoshida K, Fujii C. Assessing stable validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the individualized supported employment fidelity scale: A replication. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:248-254. [PMID: 33734619 PMCID: PMC8340823 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Japanese version of the individualized Supported Employment Fidelity scale (JiSEF) was developed by modifying the 25‐item Individual Placement and Support Fidelity Scale (IPS‐25). While a preliminary study partly confirmed the concurrent validity with vocational outcomes, this replication study aimed to examine the stability of the concurrent validity and the inter‐rater reliability of the JiSEF and to test its convergent validity with IPS‐25. Methods Fidelity assessments were conducted in 2016 (n = 17), 2017 (n = 13), and 2018 (n = 18) to examine the employment rate and the fidelity scores at the agency level. We also evaluated the fidelity scores for the IPS‐25 in 2018. We examined the associations between the fidelity scale scores and vocational outcomes for the concurrent validity and between the fidelity scales for convergent validity. The inter‐rater reliability was examined in the 2016 and 2017 assessments. Results High intraclass correlation coefficients (0.93 in 2016 and 0.92 in 2017) were obtained for the inter‐rater reliability. The JiSEF score in each year was associated with the agency employment rate (r = 0.710, P = 0.001 in 2016; r = 0.722, P = 0.005 in 2017; and r = 0.665, P = 0.003 in 2018). A supplementary longitudinal data analysis also confirmed the association between the JiSEF score and the employment outcomes. Additionally, the JiSEF was significantly correlated with the IPS‐25 (r = 0.760, P < 0.001). Conclusions This study stably replicated good inter‐rater reliability and concurrent validity of the JiSEF. Additionally, the convergent validity was confirmed. Further studies with large samples are needed to confirm these findings. This study stably replicated a good inter‐rater reliability and concurrent validity of the Japanese version of the individualized Supported Employment Fidelity scale (JiSEF).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosei Yamaguchi
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sato
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Ojio
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shiozawa
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Matsunaga
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Taneda
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Utako Sawada
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Human Care and Support, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chiyo Fujii
- Department of Community Mental Health & Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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McDowell C, Ennals P, Fossey E. Vocational Service Models and Approaches to Improve Job Tenure of People With Severe and Enduring Mental Illness: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:668716. [PMID: 34305676 PMCID: PMC8298859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Employment is a valued occupation that offers a sense of meaning, identity, and belonging. For people with severe and enduring mental illness, employment has also been associated with personal recovery and decreased use of mental health services. However, this population continues to be underrepresented in the labor market. Sustainable employment is often challenging for people with severe and enduring mental illness, due to a combination of personal, organizational and systemic issues. While Individual Placement and Support is an evidence-based model of employment support known to improve job attainment for people with mental illness, job retention and sustained workforce participation continue to be challenges. This narrative literature review was undertaken to address the question: "What vocational service models and approaches improve job tenure for this population?" CinAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched for the period 2005-2020, using key terms and subject headings, including "severe mental illness," "psychiatric disabilit*," "job tenure," and "job retention." Several adjunct interventions may enhance job retention, including skills training, cognitive interventions, psychological interventions, and supported education, while social firms offer a different approach focused on creating new, sustainable job opportunities. Peer support and support from family and friends also appear to be important, and emerging evidence suggests that employment specialist practices, technology, self-management, and workplace accommodations may each also influence job tenure. Service providers could make more use of these non-clinical vocational approaches to improve employment retention for people with severe and enduring mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McDowell
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Priscilla Ennals
- Neami National, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Living With Disabilities Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Living With Disabilities Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Prior S, Maciver D, Aas RW, Kirsh B, Lexen A, van Niekerk L, Irvine Fitzpatrick L, Forsyth K. An enhanced individual placement and support (IPS) intervention based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:361. [PMID: 32641009 PMCID: PMC7346406 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment is good for physical and mental health, however people with severe mental illness (SMI) are often excluded from employment. Standard Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is effective in supporting around 55% of people with SMI into employment or education. Current research considers enhancements to IPS to improve outcomes for those requiring more complex interventions. Clinicians need to better understand who will benefit from these enhanced IPS interventions. This study offers a new enhanced IPS intervention and an approach to predicting who may achieve successful outcomes. METHODS This prospective cohort study included people with SMI who participated in an enhanced IPS service and had prolonged absence from employment. Secondary data analysis was conducted of data gathered in routine clinical practice. Univariate analysis coupled with previous research and clinical consultation was used to select variables to be included in the initial model, followed by a backward stepwise approach to model building for the final multiple logistic regression model with an outcome of successful or unsuccessful goal attainment (employment or education). RESULTS Sixty-three percent of participants in the enhanced IPS successfully attained employment or education. Significant relationships from bivariate analyses were identified between outcomes (employment or education) and seven psychosocial variables. Adapting Routines to Minimise Difficulties, Work Related Goals, and Living in an Area of Lesser Deprivation were found to be significant in predicting employment or education in the final multiple logistic regression model R2 = 0.16 (Hosmer-Lemeshow), 0.19 (Cox-Snell), 0.26 (Nagelkerke). Model χ2(7) = 41.38 p < .001. CONCLUSION An enhanced IPS service had a 63% rate success in achieving employment or education, higher than comparable studies and provides an alternative to IPS-Lite and IPS-standard for more complex populations. Motivational and habitual psychosocial variables are helpful in predicting who may benefit from an enhanced IPS intervention supporting people after prolonged absence from employment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04083404 Registered 05 September 2019 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Prior
- Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK.
| | - Donald Maciver
- grid.104846.fQueen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
| | - Randi W. Aas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger & Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bonnie Kirsh
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Annika Lexen
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health Activity and Participation (MAP), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lana van Niekerk
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDivision of Occupational Therapy, University Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Linda Irvine Fitzpatrick
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, City of Edinburgh Health and Social Care Partnership, Waverley Court, Edinburgh, EH8 8BG UK
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- grid.104846.fQueen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
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Mizock L, Aitken D, LaMar K. Work assets and drains: Employment experiences of women with serious mental illness. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-181000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mizock
- Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David Aitken
- Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kat LaMar
- Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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