1
|
Mokhtar N, Karunakaran T, Santhanam R, Abu Bakar MH, Jong VYM. Phenolics and triterpenoids from stem bark of Calophyllum lanigerum var. austrocoriaceum (Whitmore) P. F. Stevens and their cytotoxic activities. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:873-878. [PMID: 37005001 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2196075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Genus Calophyllum is well-known for its phenolic constituents, especially coumarins, which have shown to have a wide range of significant biological activities. In this study, four known phenolic constituents and two triterpenoids have been isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum lanigerum. The compounds were two pyranochromanone acids are known as caloteysmannic acid (1), isocalolongic acid (2), a simple dihydroxyxanthone, namely euxanthone (3), one coumarin named calanone (4), and two common triterpenoids, friedelin (5), and stigmasterol (6). Chromanone acids were reported for the first time in this Calophyllum species. Cytotoxic evaluations were carried out on n-hexane extract (87.14 ± 2.04 µg/mL; 81.46 ± 2.42 µg/mL) followed by the chromanone acids (1 [79.96 ± 2.39 µM; 83.41 ± 3.39 µM] & 2 [57.88 ± 2.34; 53.04 ± 3.18 µM]) against two cancerous cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MG-63 cell lines, respectively. The results showed that all tested samples exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norisha Mokhtar
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Enviroment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Centre for Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lizazman MA, Jong VYM, Chua P, Lim WK, Karunakaran T. Phytochemicals from Calophyllum canum Hook f. ex T. Anderson and their neuroprotective effects. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:2043-2048. [PMID: 35997666 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous phytochemical investigations reported that Calophyllum spp have biosynthesized a wide range of bioactive phenolics such as xanthones and coumarins. The phytochemical study conducted on the stem bark of C. canum has led to the isolation of eight trioxygenated xanthones namely: 5-methoxytrapezifolixanthone (1), 5-methoxyananixanthone (2), caloxanthone C (3), 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-4-isoprenylxanthone (4), 6-deoxyisojacareubin (5), euxanthone (6), trapezifolixanthone (7), ananixanthone (8), together with three common triterpenoids, β-sitosterol (9), friedelin (10), and stigmasterol (11). Furthermore, xanthones 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time as naturally occurring xanthones from the plant extract. The structures of these compounds were identified and elucidated using advanced spectroscopic techniques such as 1 D & 2 D NMR, MS, and FTIR. The neuroprotective property of selected compounds was tested through in vitro stroke model. Among all tested compounds, 1 µm of compounds 8, 9, and 10 showed significant neuroprotective activity via reduction of apoptosis by ∼ 50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mas Atikah Lizazman
- Faculty of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Faculty of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - PinFen Chua
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - William K Lim
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao TT, Huang RY, Li X, Yang TY, Xie HD, Shen YH, Li F, Li X. Xanthones from Calophyllum Polyanthum Wallich ex Choisy with CYP1 Enzymes Inhibitory Activity. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200268. [PMID: 35531592 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three new xanthone compounds, 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone (1), toxyloxanthone E (2), dehydrocycloguanandin B (3) along with 15 known xanthones (4-18) were isolated from the aerial parts of Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. ex Choisy. Their structures were fully characterised using spectroscopic data, as well as comparison with the previous literature data. All isolated compounds had inhibitory effects against CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes at working concentration of 10 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM, respectively. Among them, compounds 10, 11, and 12 exhibited better CYP1A2 enzyme inhibitory effects than that of the positive control α-naphthoflavone, with 51.05 %, 56.82 % and 44.93 % inhibition, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Yue Huang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Yun Yang
- Departments of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ding Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Heng Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fei Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karunakaran T, Firouz NS, Santhanam R, Jong VYM. Phytochemicals from Calophyllum macrocarpum Hook.f. and its cytotoxic activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:654-659. [PMID: 32674628 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1795658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Species from the Genus Calophyllum are rich source for bioactive phenolic compounds such as coumarins and xanthones. Phytochemical study carried out on the plant, Calophyllum macrocarpum has led to the isolation of three known prenylated xanthones, ananixanthone (1), trapezifolixanthone (2) and 8-deoxygartanin (3) with two common triterpenoids, stigmasterol (4), and friedelin (5). The structures of these compounds were identified and determined using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR and MS. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 as well as the extracts were tested against HeLa Chang liver and HEK-293 cell lines. Compound 1 exhibited appreciable cytotoxicity with the IC50 value of 11.08 ± 3.09 µM against HeLa Chang liver cell line and moderate cytotoxicity against HEK-293 cell line while compound 2 showed limited toxicity against these two cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Vivien Yi Mian Jong
- Centre of Applied Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Mara, UiTM, Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|