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Rashtbari A, Saed O. Contrast avoidance model of worry and generalized anxiety disorder: A theoretical perspective. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rashtbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Saed
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Depressive Suppression: Effects of Emotion Suppression on Multiple Emotions for Depressed Versus Nondepressed Individuals. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this paper is to provide a current review of the recent literature (2015-2018) on psychophysiological markers of fear and anxiety. RECENT FINDING Relative to healthy controls, fear-based disorders are characterised by heightened physiological reactivity to circumscribe threat salient stimuli, whereas anxiety-related disorders are associated with a more blunted pattern of physiological reactivity. Fear and anxiety disorders are marked by abnormal patterns of physiological reactivity, characterised by hyper- and hypo-reactivity in response to stimuli varying in threat salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamiah Hyde
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Australia
| | - Katherine M Ryan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Australia
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, Australia.
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Via E, Fullana MA, Goldberg X, Tinoco-González D, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Soriano-Mas C, Davey CG, Menchón JM, Straube B, Kircher T, Pujol J, Cardoner N, Harrison BJ. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity and pathological worry in generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2018; 213:437-443. [PMID: 29739481 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological worry is a hallmark feature of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), associated with dysfunctional emotional processing. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is involved in the regulation of such processes, but the link between vmPFC emotional responses and pathological v. adaptive worry has not yet been examined.AimsTo study the association between worry and vmPFC activity evoked by the processing of learned safety and threat signals. METHOD In total, 27 unmedicated patients with GAD and 56 healthy controls (HC) underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Compared to HC, the GAD group demonstrated reduced vmPFC activation to safety signals and no safety-threat processing differentiation. This response was positively correlated with worry severity in GAD, whereas the same variables showed a negative and weak correlation in HC. CONCLUSIONS Poor vmPFC safety-threat differentiation might characterise GAD, and its distinctive association with GAD worries suggests a neural-based qualitative difference between healthy and pathological worries.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Via
- Department of Mental Health,Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí-i3PT,CIBERSAM,Sabadell,Spain
| | - M A Fullana
- Anxiety Unit,Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions,Hospital del Mar,CIBERSAM,Barcelona,Spain
| | - X Goldberg
- Department of Mental Health,Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí-i3PT,CIBERSAM,Sabadell,Spain
| | | | - I Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL,CIBERSAM,Barcelona,Spain
| | - C Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL,CIBERSAM,Barcelona,Spain
| | - C G Davey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Victoria,Australia
| | - J M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry,Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL,CIBERSAM,Barcelona,Spain
| | - B Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Philipps-University Marburg,Marburg,Germany
| | - T Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Philipps-University Marburg,Marburg,Germany
| | - J Pujol
- MRI Research Unit,Hospital del Mar,CIBERSAM G21,Barcelona,Spain
| | - N Cardoner
- Department of Mental Health,Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí-i3PT,CIBERSAM,Sabadell,Spain
| | - B J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Victoria,Australia
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Fernandez KC, Jazaieri H, Gross JJ. Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Perspective on a New RDoC Domain. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016; 40:426-440. [PMID: 27524846 PMCID: PMC4979607 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is widely agreed that emotion regulation plays an important role in many psychological disorders. We make the case that emotion regulation is in fact a key transdiagnostic factor, using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) as an organizing framework. In particular, we first consider how transdiagnostic and RDoC approaches have extended categorical views. Next, we examine links among emotion generation, emotion regulation, and psychopathology, with particular attention to key emotion regulation stages including identification, strategy selection, implementation, and monitoring. We then propose that emotion regulation be viewed as a sixth domain in the RDoC matrix, and provide a brief overview of how the literature has used the RDoC units of analyses to study emotion regulation. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future research and make recommendations for assessing and treating psychopathology.
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