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Allahverdi FZ, Bayer N. Cognitive Control/Flexibility, Social Isolation, and Intrinsic Job Satisfaction of Intensive Care Unit Nurses. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:605. [PMID: 39062428 PMCID: PMC11273799 DOI: 10.3390/bs14070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cognitive control and flexibility have been examined in the past, this study examines their relationship in a stressful working environment, focusing on intrinsic job satisfaction using cognitive behavioral theory as a framework. This study examined cognitive factors (cognitive control and cognitive flexibility) and emotional state (intrinsic job satisfaction) while assessing the mediating role of social isolation, an external work environment variable. The study focused on intrinsic job satisfaction with extrinsic job satisfaction as a covariate. A cross-sectional questionnaire method was used. Two hundred and ten nurses from twelve intensive care units participated. Model one examined cognitive control while model two examined cognitive flexibility, accounting for 32% and 38% of the variance in intrinsic job satisfaction, respectively. Model one accounted for 13% of the variance in social isolation through cognitive control and extrinsic job satisfaction while model two accounted for approximately 14.91% of the variance in social isolation through cognitive flexibility and extrinsic job satisfaction. Combining the two models accounted for 17% of the variance in social isolation and 37.4% of the variation in intrinsic job satisfaction. The results emphasize the importance of training nurses in cognitive control and flexibility to increase intrinsic job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nukhet Bayer
- Department of Nursing Management, Lokman Hekim University, 06530 Ankara, Türkiye;
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2
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Zetsche U, Neumann P, Bürkner PC, Renneberg B, Koster EHW, Hoorelbeke K. Computerized cognitive control training to reduce rumination in major depression: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2024; 177:104521. [PMID: 38615373 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rumination is a major risk factor for the onset and recurrence of depressive episodes and has been associated with deficits in updating working memory content. This randomized controlled trial examines whether training updating-specific cognitive control processes reduces daily ruminative thoughts in clinically depressed individuals. METHODS Sixty-five individuals with a current major depressive episode were randomized to 10 sessions of either cognitive control training (N = 31) or placebo training (N = 34). The frequency and negativity of individuals' daily ruminative thoughts were assessed for seven days before training, after training, and at a 3-month follow-up using experience sampling methodology. Secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms, depressed mood, and level of disability. RESULTS Cognitive control training led to stronger improvements in the trained task than placebo training. However, cognitive control training did not lead to greater reductions in the frequency or negativity of daily ruminative thoughts than placebo training. There were no training-specific effects on participants' depressive symptoms or level of disability. CONCLUSIONS The robustness of the present null-findings, combined with the methodological strengths of the study, suggest that training currently depressed individuals to update emotional content in working memory does not affect the frequency or negativity of their daily ruminative thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Zetsche
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pauline Neumann
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Babette Renneberg
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, University Ghent, Belgium
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Edwards E, Chu KL, Carroll A. Inhibitory Control Training for Anxiety and Math Achievement in Primary School Children: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e52929. [PMID: 38477976 DOI: 10.2196/52929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive control training (CCT) has shown potential to reduce emotional vulnerability in adults and adolescents. However, there is scant literature testing the efficacy of CCT for the reduction of anxiety and transferring the effects to educational outcomes in children. Building on the evidence that a greater ability to suppress a prepotent response (inhibitory control) is associated with higher math achievement in children, it is plausible that training inhibitory processes using a CCT paradigm may be beneficial for reducing anxiety, improving inhibitory control, and in turn increasing math achievement. OBJECTIVE This proof-of-concept study aims to investigate the efficacy of 15 sessions of inhibitory control training for reduction in anxiety and improvement in math achievement in primary school children. METHODS We will use a 2 (group: CCT, adaptive Go/No-Go vs active control, low-load task) multiplied by 4 (time: pre- vs posttraining vs 1-month vs 3-month follow-up) randomized design in a nonselected sample of 100 children aged 8-10 years. Both groups will complete 10 minutes of daily training for 3 weeks at school. The dependent variables will be anxiety and correlates (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children, Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale, Child Response Style Questionnaire, and Modified Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale), inhibitory control (Go/No-Go task), shifting (color-shape shifting task), updating (n-back task), and math achievement (Applied Problems, Calculation, and Math Facts Fluency subtests from the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement). RESULTS We opened enrollment in September 2023. The initial results are expected to be published in late 2024. We predict that children in the CCT group will show a reduction in emotional symptoms; improvements in inhibition, shifting, and updating performance; and advances in math achievement from pre- to posttraining, and that these effects will be maintained at 1- and 3-month follow-ups, compared to children in the active control group. CONCLUSIONS The CCT paradigm used in our study will provide a greater understanding of the emotional and cognitive transfer effects on children and inform future work. Specifically, the findings will advance the knowledge of deploying inhibitory control training with children and provide valuable insights into its use for reducing anxiety and advancing math achievement. TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework ofs.io/de2qa; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DE2QA. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/52929.
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Vander Zwalmen Y, Liebaert E, Hoorelbeke K, de Mévergnies CN, Baeken C, Verhaeghe N, Koster EHW. Treatment Response Following Adaptive PASAT Training for Depression Vulnerability: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:232-249. [PMID: 36853526 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cognitive control training (CCT) has gained momentum as an intervention to remediate cognitive impairments and decrease depressive symptoms. One promising operationalization to train cognitive control is the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (aPASAT). In this systematic review and meta-analysis of aPASAT training, the efficacy of the intervention and potential moderators were examined. The PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for studies examining aPASAT training for depressive symptomatology or rumination. Nineteen studies (n = 1255) were included, comprising of depressed patients, remitted depressed patients, at-risk, and healthy participants. We found small significant effects directly after training for both depressive symptomatology and rumination, with similar effect sizes at follow-up. Subgroup analyses suggest a significantly higher mean effect of aPASAT training in non-healthy populations for rumination immediately following training, but not for depressive symptomatology. The amount of training sessions did not moderate effects of CCT. aPASAT has a small but significant effect on depressive symptoms, with direct effects immediately after training, as well as sustained long-term effects. It is currently unclear how many sessions are required for sustained effects due to heterogeneity in training dosage and absence of sufficient trials. Our results suggest that aPASAT training may be most effective for at-risk, remitted- and clinically depressed populations. The effect sizes resulting from this meta-analysis could be used to adequately power future research, which could investigate a dose-response relationship and examine potential treatment gains when combining CCT with other antidepressant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Vander Zwalmen
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Eveline Liebaert
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Constance Nève de Mévergnies
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Verhaeghe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Group Social and Economic Policy and Social Inclusion, HIVA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Vander Zwalmen Y, Hoorelbeke K, Liebaert E, Nève de Mévergnies C, Koster EHW. Cognitive remediation for depression vulnerability: Current challenges and new directions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903446. [PMID: 35936259 PMCID: PMC9352853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that cognitive impairment can play an important role in depression vulnerability. Therefore, cognitive remediation strategies, and cognitive control training (CCT) procedures have gained attention in recent years as possible interventions for depression. Recent studies suggest a small to medium effect on indicators of depression vulnerability. Despite initial evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of CCT, several central questions remain. In this paper we consider the key challenges for the clinical implementation of CCT, including exploration of (1) potential working mechanisms and related to this, moderators of training effects, (2) necessary conditions under which CCT could be optimally administered, such as dose requirements and training schedules, and (3) how CCT could interact with or augment existing treatments of depression. Revisiting the CCT literature, we also reflect upon the possibilities to evolve toward a stratified medicine approach, in which individual differences could be taken into account and used to optimize prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Vander Zwalmen
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Yannick Vander Zwalmen,
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Liebaert
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Krings A, Simon J, Carré A, Blairy S. Can Cognitive Control and Attentional Biases Explain More of the Variance in Depressive Symptoms Than Behavioral Processes? A Path Analysis Approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809387. [PMID: 35401370 PMCID: PMC8985875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the proportion of variance in depressive symptoms explained by processes targeted by BA (activation, behavioral avoidance, anticipatory pleasure, and brooding), and processes targeted by cognitive control training (cognitive control, attentional biases, and brooding). Methods Five hundred and twenty adults were recruited. They completed a spatial cueing task as a measure of attentional biases and a cognitive task as a measure of cognitive control and completed self-report measures of activation, behavioral avoidance, anticipatory pleasure, brooding, and depressive symptoms. With path analysis models, we explored the relationships between these predictors and depressive symptoms. Results BA processes were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, and activation partially predicted anticipatory pleasure, which in turn predicted depressive symptoms. However, cognitive control and attentional biases predicted neither brooding nor depressive symptoms. A comprehensive model including all processes fit the data but did not explain more of the variance in brooding or depressive symptoms than a model including only BA processes. Limitations The spatial cueing task was associated with low reliability and the use of a non-clinical sample limited the generalizability of the conclusions. Conclusion Activation, behavioral avoidance, brooding, and anticipatory pleasure are relevant processes to target in order to reduce depressive symptoms, while cognitive control and attentional biases are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Krings
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jessica Simon
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Carré
- LIP/PC2S, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Chambéry, France
| | - Sylvie Blairy
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Hoorelbeke K, Vervaeke J, Siegle GJ, Baeken C, Koster EH. Individual differences associated with treatment adherence and transfer effects following gamified web-based cognitive control training for repetitive negative thinking. Internet Interv 2022; 27:100507. [PMID: 35242588 PMCID: PMC8859013 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests beneficial effects of cognitive control training (CCT) on repetitive negative thinking (RNT), a key risk factor for internalizing symptomatology. However, relatively little is known regarding predictors of adherence to internet-delivered CCT as well as moderators of treatment effects for this intervention. Answering these questions could improve efficiency of clinical implementation of CCT as an eHealth intervention. The current pre-registered single-arm trial set-out to address these questions using a web-based gamified CCT procedure based on the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task. Participants (N = 382) entered the internet-based study, where we observed considerable drop-out during the assessment phase and the first training sessions. Emotional stability and resilience emerged as predictors for deciding not to commence the intervention. Drop-out throughout the course of CCT was explained by age, emotion regulation-, and personality factors. We used latent profile analysis, a probabilistic modeling approach, to identify clusters of participants (User Profiles) based on indicators of baseline cognitive- and emotional functioning, training progress, and user experience. We obtained three User Profiles, reflecting low-, moderate-, and high-risk status. Effortful control, emotion regulation, internalizing symptomatology, resilience, and emotional stability played a central role in these User Profiles. Interestingly, User Profile predicted training related cognitive gains, as well as effects of CCT on anxiety- and stress symptoms, and reappraisal. Our findings suggest that CCT is most effective for the moderate- and high-risk groups. In addition, the high-risk group would likely benefit from a more intensive training procedure or repeated administration of the training procedure over time to foster long-term retention of training related gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Corresponding author at: Henri-Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jasmien Vervaeke
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Imec-Mict-Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Head and Skin (UZGent), Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Psychiatry (UZBrussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst H.W. Koster
- Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience (PAN) lab, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Peckham AD, Sandler JP, Dattolico D, McHugh RK, Johnson DS, Björgvinsson T, Pizzagalli DA, Beard C. Cognitive control training for urgency: A pilot randomized controlled trial in an acute clinical sample. Behav Res Ther 2021; 146:103968. [PMID: 34562728 PMCID: PMC8555999 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Urgency - rash action in the context of strong emotion - is a facet of impulsivity closely related to many psychological disorders. Deficits in working memory and response inhibition are potential mechanisms underlying urgency, and a previous study showed that cognitive training targeting these domains is efficacious in reducing urgency. However, the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention has not yet been tested in a clinical sample or naturalistic treatment setting. To fill this gap, we conducted a pilot study of cognitive training for individuals reporting high levels of urgency in a partial hospitalization program. We evaluated this intervention in an open trial (n = 20), followed by a randomized controlled trial (n = 46) comparing cognitive training plus treatment as usual to treatment as usual. Results supported the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive training. Participants in the training group showed significant improvement on cognitive tasks, but groups did not differ in urgency. In pooled analyses combining the open trial and RCT, there was a significant reduction in distress intolerance in the training group only. Results indicate the potential benefit of cognitive training for distress intolerance, but do not support the use of cognitive training for urgency in acute clinical settings. The study conducted in the RCT phase of this manuscript is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT: NCT03527550). The full trial protocol is available on ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Peckham
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jenna P Sandler
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | | | - R Kathryn McHugh
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Thröstur Björgvinsson
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Courtney Beard
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Reid-Wisdom Z, Perera-Delcourt R. Perceived Effects of Improv on Psychological Wellbeing: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2020.1856016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiya Reid-Wisdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
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