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Ren R, Guo J, Liu G, Kang H, Machens HG, Schilling AF, Slobodianski A, Zhang Z. Nucleic acid direct delivery to fibroblasts: a review of nucleofection and applications. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:30. [PMID: 36329479 PMCID: PMC9635183 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast is one of the ideal target cell candidates for cell-based gene therapy approaches to promote tissue repair. Gene delivery to fibroblasts by viral transfection has been confirmed to have high transfection efficiency. However, in addition to immunogenic effects of viruses, the random integration of viral genes may damage the genome, affect the cell phenotype or even cause cancerous mutations in the transfected cells. Due to these potential biohazards and unknown long-term risks, the clinical use of viral transfection has been very limited. In contrast, initial non-viral transfection methods have been simple and safe to implement, with low immunogenicity, insertional mutagenesis, and risk of carcinogenesis, but their transfection efficiency has been relatively low. Nucleofection, a more recent non-viral transfection method, now combines the advantages of high transfection efficiency and direct nucleic acid delivery to the nucleus with a high safety.Here, we reviewed recent articles on fibroblast nucleofection, summarized different research points, improved methods and application scopes, and opened up ideas for promoting the further improvement and development of fibroblast nucleofection to meet the needs of a variety of disease research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyue Ren
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Guangwu Liu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Hao Kang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alex Slobodianski
- grid.15474.330000 0004 0477 2438Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Hu X, Gao S, Wang P, Zhou Y, Chen K, Chen Q, Wang B, Hu W, Cheng P, Eid R, Giraud-Panis MJ, Wang L, Gilson E, Ye J, Lu Y. The knockdown efficiency of telomere associated genes with specific methodology in a zebrafish cell line. Biochimie 2021; 190:12-19. [PMID: 34214617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish is broadly used as a model organism in gene loss-of-function studies in vivo, but its employment in vitro is greatly limited by the lack of efficient gene knockdown approaches in zebrafish cell lines such as ZF4. In this article, we attempted to induce silencing of telomere associated genes in ZF4 by applying the frequently-used siRNA transfection technology and a novel moiety-linked morpholino (vivo-MO). By proceeding with integrated optimization of siRNAs transfection and vivo-MOs treatment, we compared five transfection reagents and vivo-MOs simultaneously to evaluate the efficiency of terfa silencing in ZF4. 48 h after siRNAs transfection, Lipofectamine™ 3000 and X-tremeGENE™ HP leaded to knockdown in 35% and 43% of terfa transcription, respectively, while vivo-MO-terfa modulated 58% down-expression of zfTRF2 in contrast to vivo-MO-ctrl 72 h after treatment. Further siRNAs transfection targeting telomere associated genes by X-tremeGENE™ HP showed silencing in 40-68% of these genes without significant cytotoxicity and off-target effect. Our results confirmed the feasibility of gene loss-of-function studies in a zebrafish cell line, offered a systematic optimizing strategy to employ gene silencing experiments, and presented Lipofectamine™ 3000, X-tremeGENE™ HP and vivo-morpholinos as candidate gene silencing approaches for zebrafish in vitro gene loss-of-function studies. Successfully knockdown of shelterin genes further opened a new field for telomeric study in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuaiyun Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kehua Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiaowen Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rita Eid
- University Côte D'Azur, CHU, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Marie-Josèph Giraud-Panis
- University Côte D'Azur, CHU, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Eric Gilson
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; University Côte D'Azur, CHU, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences Du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, China; Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Xia YT, Hu WH, Wu QY, Dong TTX, Duan R, Xiao J, Li SP, Qin QW, Wang WX, Tsim KWK. The herbal extract deriving from aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis shows anti-inflammation and anti-hypoxia responses in cultured fin cells from rabbit fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:71-78. [PMID: 32738512 PMCID: PMC7387939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new cell line derived from dorsal fin of rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens was developed and characterized. The cell line was isolated from the dorsal fin, named as rabbit fish fin (RFF) cell line, and which was sub-cultured for 50 cycles since the development. This cell line was tested for growth in different temperatures and serum concentrations, and the best growing condition was at 20% serum at 28 °C. In cultured RFF cells, amplification of 18S rRNA from genomic DNA and immunostaining of cellular cytokeratin confirmed the proper identity of S. fuscescens fish. After 30th passage of cultures, the cells were exposed to challenge of inflammation, triggered by LPS, and hypoxia, mimicked by CoCl2. Cultured RFF cells showed robust sensitive responses to inflammation and hypoxia in directing the expressions of cytokines and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The water extract of aerial part of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBA) has been shown in rabbit fish to prevent inflammation. Here, we extended this notion of testing the efficacy of SBA extract in the developed cultured RFF cells. Application of SBA extract inhibited the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, as well as the signaling of NF-κB. The application of CoCl2 in cultured RFF cells triggered the hypoxia-induced cell death and up regulation of HIF-1α. As expected, applied SBA extract in the cultures prevented the hypoxia-induced signaling. Our results show the established RFF cell line may be served as an ideal in vitro model in drug screening relating to inflammation and hypoxia. Additionally, we are supporting the usage of SBA herbal extract in fish aquaculture, which possesses efficacy against inflammation and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China; Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Mittal N, Yoon SH, Enomoto H, Hiroshi M, Shimizu A, Kawakami A, Fujita M, Watanabe H, Fukuda K, Makino S. Versican is crucial for the initiation of cardiovascular lumen development in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Sci Rep 2019; 9:9475. [PMID: 31263118 PMCID: PMC6603046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Versican is an evolutionary conserved extracellular matrix proteoglycan, and versican expression loss in mice results in embryonic lethality owing to cardiovascular defects. However, the in utero development of mammals limits our understanding of the precise role of versican during cardiovascular development. Therefore, the use of evolutionarily distant species that develop ex utero is more suitable for studying the mechanistic basis of versican activity. We performed ENU mutagenesis screening to identify medaka mutants with defects in embryonic cardiovascular development. In this study, we described a recessive point mutation in the versican 3'UTR resulting in reduced versican protein expression. The fully penetrant homozygous mutant showed termination of cardiac development at the linear heart tube stage and exhibited absence of cardiac looping, a constricted outflow tract, and no cardiac jelly. Additionally, progenitor cells did not migrate from the secondary source towards the arterial pole of the linear heart tube, resulting in a constricted outflow tract. Furthermore, mutants lacked blood flow and vascular lumen despite continuous peristaltic heartbeats. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanistic basis of versican in cardiac development, and this mutant represents a novel genetic model to investigate the mechanisms of vascular tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Mittal
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sung Han Yoon
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, AHSP A9229, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hirokazu Enomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miyama Hiroshi
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Misato Fujita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka-Shi, Kanagawa-Ken, 259-1293, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinji Makino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Keio University Health Centre, 35-Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Lee JH, Lee ST, Nam YK, Gong SP. Gene delivery into Siberian sturgeon cell lines by commercial transfection reagents. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:76-81. [PMID: 30644030 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-00316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The optimal transfection conditions for efficient transgene delivery into a specific cell type should be empirically determined, particularly in cases involving unusual cell types. We compared the conditions for effective introduction of transgenes into Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) cell lines by evaluating the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of three commercially available transfection reagents: Lipofectamine 2000, X-tremeGENE HP DNA Transfection Reagent, and GeneJuice Transfection Reagent. Plasmid vectors containing the gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein were mixed with each of the transfection reagents using reagent-to-plasmid ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1. Then, the complexes were used to transfect three Siberian sturgeon cell lines derived from the heart, head kidney, and gonad. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were measured via flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. No significant cytotoxicity was observed at the optimal treatment conditions in all cases, with the exception of Lipofectamine 2000-treated gonad-derived cells. Although the transfection efficiencies in A. baerii cells were generally low, X-tremeGENE HP DNA Transfection Reagent showed the highest transfection efficiency at ratios of 2:1 or 4:1, depending on the cell type. Hence, X-tremeGENE HP DNA Transfection Reagent can be used to effectively transfer foreign genes into three A. baerii cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hun Lee
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kwon Nam
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
- Department of Marine-Biomaterials and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Gong
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
- Department of Marine-Biomaterials and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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Russo G, Lehne F, Pose Méndez SM, Dübel S, Köster RW, Sassen WA. Culture and Transfection of Zebrafish Primary Cells. J Vis Exp 2018:57872. [PMID: 30175992 PMCID: PMC6128108 DOI: 10.3791/57872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are transparent and develop rapidly outside the mother, thus allowing for excellent in vivo imaging of dynamic biological processes in an intact and developing vertebrate. However, the detailed imaging of the morphologies of distinct cell types and subcellular structures is limited in whole mounts. Therefore, we established an efficient and easy-to-use protocol to culture live primary cells from zebrafish embryos and adult tissue. In brief, 2 dpf zebrafish embryos are dechorionated, deyolked, sterilized, and dissociated to single cells with collagenase. After a filtration step, primary cells are plated onto glass bottom dishes and cultivated for several days. Fresh cultures, as much as long term differenciated ones, can be used for high resolution confocal imaging studies. The culture contains different cell types, with striated myocytes and neurons being prominent on poly-L-lysine coating. To specifically label subcellular structures by fluorescent marker proteins, we also established an electroporation protocol which allows the transfection of plasmid DNA into different cell types, including neurons. Thus, in the presence of operator defined stimuli, complex cell behavior, and intracellular dynamics of primary zebrafish cells can be assessed with high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, by using adult zebrafish brain, we demonstrate that the described dissociation technique, as well as the basic culturing conditions, also work for adult zebrafish tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Russo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Franziska Lehne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Sol M Pose Méndez
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Braunschweig University of Technology
| | - Reinhard W Köster
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology;
| | - Wiebke A Sassen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology
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7
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Nonviral Gene Therapy for Cancer: A Review. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030057. [PMID: 29970866 PMCID: PMC6164850 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the development of effective viral vectors put gene therapy on the road to commercialization, nonviral vectors show promise for practical use because of their relative safety and lower cost. A significant barrier to the use of nonviral vectors, however, is that they have not yet proven effective. This apparent lack of interest can be attributed to the problem of the low gene transfer efficiency associated with nonviral vectors. The efficiency of gene transfer via nonviral vectors has been reported to be 1/10th to 1/1000th that of viral vectors. Despite the fact that new gene transfer methods and nonviral vectors have been developed, no significant improvements in gene transfer efficiency have been achieved. Nevertheless, some notable progress has been made. In this review, we discuss studies that report good results using nonviral vectors in vivo in animal models, with a particular focus on studies aimed at in vivo gene therapy to treat cancer, as this disease has attracted the interest of researchers developing nonviral vectors. We describe the conditions in which nonviral vectors work more efficiently for gene therapy and discuss how the goals might differ for nonviral versus viral vector development and use.
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8
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Sassen WA, Lehne F, Russo G, Wargenau S, Dübel S, Köster RW. Embryonic zebrafish primary cell culture for transfection and live cellular and subcellular imaging. Dev Biol 2017; 430:18-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Chromosome-Encoded Hemolysin, Phospholipase, and Collagenase in Plasmidless Isolates of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Contribute to Virulence for Fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00401-17. [PMID: 28341681 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00401-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is a pathogen of marine animals, including fish of importance in aquaculture. The virulence plasmid pPHDD1, characteristic of highly hemolytic isolates, encodes the hemolysins damselysin (Dly) and phobalysin (PhlyP). Strains lacking pPHDD1 constitute the vast majority of the isolates from fish outbreaks, but genetic studies to identify virulence factors in plasmidless strains are scarce. Here, we show that the chromosome I-encoded hemolysin PhlyC plays roles in virulence and cell toxicity in pPHDD1-negative isolates of this pathogen. By combining the analyses of whole genomes and of gene deletion mutants, we identified two hitherto uncharacterized chromosomal loci encoding a phospholipase (PlpV) and a collagenase (ColP). PlpV was ubiquitous in the subspecies and exerted hemolytic activity against fish erythrocytes, which was enhanced in the presence of lecithin. ColP was restricted to a fraction of the isolates and was responsible for the collagen-degrading activity in this subspecies. Consistent with the presence of signal peptides in PlpV and ColP sequences, mutants for the type II secretion system (T2SS) genes epsL and pilD exhibited impairments in phospholipase and collagenase activities. Sea bass virulence experiments and cell culture assays demonstrated major contributions of PhlyC and PlpV to virulence and toxicity.IMPORTANCE This study constitutes genetic and genomic analyses of plasmidless strains of an emerging pathogen in marine aquaculture, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae To date, studies on the genetic basis of virulence were restricted to the pPHDD1 plasmid-encoded toxins Dly and PhlyP. However, the vast majority of the recent isolates of this pathogen from fish farm outbreaks lack this plasmid. Here we demonstrate that the plasmidless strains produce two hitherto uncharacterized ubiquitous toxins encoded in chromosome I, namely, the hemolysin PhlyC and the phospholipase PlpV. We report the main roles of these two toxins in fish virulence and in cell toxicity. Our results constitute the basis for a better understanding of the virulence of a widespread marine pathogen.
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10
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Zhang Z, Slobodianski A, Arnold A, Nehlsen J, Hopfner U, Schilling AF, Perisic T, Machens HG. High Efficiency Low Cost Fibroblast Nucleofection for GMP Compatible Cell-based Gene Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:798-803. [PMID: 28824316 PMCID: PMC5562186 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dermal fibroblast is a powerful tool for the study of ex vivo DNA delivery in development of both cell therapy and tissue engineering products. Using genetic modification, fibroblasts can be diversely adapted and made suitable for clinical gene therapy. In this study, we first compared several non-viral transfection methods including nucleofection in rat and human primary dermal fibroblast. In addition, the original protocol for nucleofection of primary mammalian fibroblasts was modified in order to achieve the highest possible transfection efficiency, as determined by flow cytometry analysis of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. Results: the results showed that transfection performance of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) yielded the best transfection efficiency with rat dermal fibroblasts and ITS (insulin, transferrin, and sodium selenite solution) was comparable to the standard nucleofection solution for human dermal fibroblasts. Conclusion: Our results suggest a promising application of the modified nucleofection method for GMP compatible therapeutic translational medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alex Slobodianski
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Faculty of Medicine, TUM Cells Interdisciplinary Center for Cellular Therapies, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Astrid Arnold
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jessica Nehlsen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ursula Hopfner
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Perisic
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Phobalysin, a Small β-Pore-Forming Toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4335-48. [PMID: 26303391 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00277-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an important pathogen of marine animals, may also cause septicemia or hyperaggressive necrotizing fasciitis in humans. We previously showed that hemolysin genes are critical for virulence of this organism in mice and fish. In the present study, we characterized the hlyA gene product, a putative small β-pore-forming toxin, and termed it phobalysin P (PhlyP), for "photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid." PhlyP formed stable oligomers and small membrane pores, causing efflux of K(+), with no significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase but entry of vital dyes. The latter feature distinguished PhlyP from the related Vibrio cholerae cytolysin. Attack by PhlyP provoked a loss of cellular ATP, attenuated translation, and caused profound morphological changes in epithelial cells. In coculture experiments with epithelial cells, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae led to rapid hemolysin-dependent membrane permeabilization. Unexpectedly, hemolysins also promoted the association of P. damselae subsp. damselae with epithelial cells. The collective observations of this study suggest that membrane-damaging toxins commonly enhance bacterial adherence.
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12
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Zanin MP, Hellström M, Shepherd RK, Harvey AR, Gillespie LN. Development of a cell-based treatment for long-term neurotrophin expression and spiral ganglion neuron survival. Neuroscience 2014; 277:690-9. [PMID: 25088914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the target cells of the cochlear implant, undergo gradual degeneration following loss of the sensory epithelium in deafness. The preservation of a viable population of SGNs in deafness can be achieved in animal models with exogenous application of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3. For translation into clinical application, a suitable delivery strategy that provides ongoing neurotrophic support and promotes long-term SGN survival is required. Cell-based neurotrophin treatment has the potential to meet the specific requirements for clinical application, and we have previously reported that Schwann cells genetically modified to express BDNF can support SGN survival in deafness for 4 weeks. This study aimed to investigate various parameters important for the development of a long-term cell-based neurotrophin treatment to support SGN survival. Specifically, we investigated different (i) cell types, (ii) gene transfer methods and (iii) neurotrophins, in order to determine which variables may provide long-term neurotrophin expression and which, therefore, may be the most effective for supporting long-term SGN survival in vivo. We found that fibroblasts that were nucleofected to express BDNF provided the most sustained neurotrophin expression, with ongoing BDNF expression for at least 30 weeks. In addition, the secreted neurotrophin was biologically active and elicited survival effects on SGNs in vitro. Nucleofected fibroblasts may therefore represent a method for safe, long-term delivery of neurotrophins to the deafened cochlea to support SGN survival in deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Zanin
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Hellström
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - R K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - A R Harvey
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - L N Gillespie
- Bionics Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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13
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Tonelli FMP, Lacerda SMSN, Silva MA, Ávila ES, Ladeira LO, França LR, Resende RR. Gene delivery to Nile tilapia spermatogonial stem cells using carboxi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05621c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs), when complexed with DNA, can promote gene delivery to Nile tilapia spermatogonial stem cells with higher transfection efficiency than cationic lipids or electroporation, causing also less cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. P. Tonelli
- Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S. M. S. N. Lacerda
- Cell Biology Laboratory
- Department of Morphology
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M. A. Silva
- Cell Biology Laboratory
- Department of Morphology
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - E. S. Ávila
- Nanomaterials Laboratory
- Department of Physics and Center of Microscopy
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L. O. Ladeira
- Nanomaterials Laboratory
- Department of Physics and Center of Microscopy
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L. R. França
- Cell Biology Laboratory
- Department of Morphology
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - R. R. Resende
- Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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14
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Decker AR, McNeill MS, Lambert AM, Overton JD, Chen YC, Lorca RA, Johnson NA, Brockerhoff SE, Mohapatra DP, MacArthur H, Panula P, Masino MA, Runnels LW, Cornell RA. Abnormal differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish trpm7 mutant larvae impairs development of the motor pattern. Dev Biol 2013; 386:428-39. [PMID: 24291744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential, melastatin-like 7 (Trpm7) is a combined ion channel and kinase implicated in the differentiation or function of many cell types. Early lethality in mice and frogs depleted of the corresponding gene impedes investigation of the functions of this protein particularly during later stages of development. By contrast, zebrafish trpm7 mutant larvae undergo early morphogenesis normally and thus do not have this limitation. The mutant larvae are characterized by multiple defects including melanocyte cell death, transient paralysis, and an ion imbalance that leads to the development of kidney stones. Here we report a requirement for Trpm7 in differentiation or function of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. First, trpm7 mutant larvae are hypomotile and fail to make a dopamine-dependent developmental transition in swim-bout length. Both of these deficits are partially rescued by the application of levodopa or dopamine. Second, histological analysis reveals that in trpm7 mutants a significant fraction of dopaminergic neurons lack expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Third, trpm7 mutants are unusually sensitive to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, an oxidative stressor, and their motility is partially rescued by application of the iron chelator deferoxamine, an anti-oxidant. Finally, in SH-SY5Y cells, which model aspects of human dopaminergic neurons, forced expression of a channel-dead variant of TRPM7 causes cell death. In summary, a forward genetic screen in zebrafish has revealed that both melanocytes and dopaminergic neurons depend on the ion channel Trpm7. The mechanistic underpinning of this dependence requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Decker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Matthew S McNeill
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Aaron M Lambert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Overton
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramón A Lorca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States
| | - Nicolas A Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Susan E Brockerhoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, United States
| | - Heather MacArthur
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Pertti Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark A Masino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Loren W Runnels
- UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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15
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Choorapoikayil S, Overvoorde J, den Hertog J. Deriving cell lines from zebrafish embryos and tumors. Zebrafish 2013; 10:316-25. [PMID: 23672287 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model organism in science. The experimental accessibility, the broad range of zebrafish mutants, and the highly conserved genetic and biochemical pathways between zebrafish and mammals lifted zebrafish to become one of the most attractive vertebrate models to study gene function and to model human diseases. Zebrafish cell lines are highly attractive to investigate cell biology and zebrafish cell lines complement the experimental tools that are available already. We established a straightforward method to culture cells from a single zebrafish embryo or a single tumor. Here we describe the generation of fibroblast-like cell lines from wild-type and ptenb(-/-) embryos and an endothelial-like cell line from a tumor of an adult ptena(+/-)ptenb(-/-) zebrafish. This protocol can easily be adapted to establish stable cell lines from any mutant or transgenic zebrafish line and the average time to obtain a pro-stable cell line is 3-5 months.
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16
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Sandbichler AM, Aschberger T, Pelster B. A method to evaluate the efficiency of transfection reagents in an adherent zebrafish cell line. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:20-7. [PMID: 23515475 PMCID: PMC3569953 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple and robust method to evaluate the transfection efficiency of commercially available transfection reagents intended to be established for use in nonmammalian cell lines. To illustrate the method, we compare the ability of four different reagents to transfect the embryonic zebrafish cell line Z3. Z3 cells were seeded in a 96-well plate and simultaneously transfected in several variations by using minimum volumes of transfection reagent and a vector DNA encoding an amplified version of green fluorescent protein (GFP). After 24 and 48 h, transfection efficiency was determined by a dual fluorescence plate reader measurement of GFP and Hoechst 33342 fluorescence, an indicator of cell density. Of the four different reagents tested, certain variations of JetPrime™ reagent and X-tremeGene™ HP reagent produced the highest fluorescence signal per cell after 24- and 48-h incubation, respectively. The simultaneous multivariate setup enables comparing different reagent/DNA combinations at different time points well, independent of cell growth variability or seeding density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Michael Sandbichler
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Schiøtz BL, Rosado EG, Baekkevold ES, Lukacs M, Mjaaland S, Sindre H, Grimholt U, Gjøen T. Enhanced transfection of cell lines from Atlantic salmon through nucoleofection and antibiotic selection. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:136. [PMID: 21548922 PMCID: PMC3113957 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell lines from Atlantic salmon kidney have made it possible to culture and study infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), an aquatic orthomyxovirus affecting farmed Atlantic salmon. However, transfection of these cells using calcium phosphate precipitation or lipid-based reagents shows very low transfection efficiency. The Amaxa Nucleofector technology™ is an electroporation technique that has been shown to be efficient for gene transfer into primary cells and hard to transfect cell lines. Findings Here we demonstrate, enhanced transfection of the head kidney cell line, TO, from Atlantic salmon using nucleofection and subsequent flow cytometry. Depending on the plasmid promoter, TO cells could be transfected transiently with an efficiency ranging from 11.6% to 90.8% with good viability, using Amaxa's cell line nucleofector solution T and program T-20. A kill curve was performed to investigate the most potent antibiotic for selection of transformed cells, and we found that blasticidin and puromycin were the most efficient for selection of TO cells. Conclusions The results show that nucleofection is an efficient way of gene transfer into Atlantic salmon cells and that stably transfected cells can be selected with blasticidin or puromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit L Schiøtz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Himaki T, Watanabe S, Chi H, Yoshida M, Miyoshi K, Sato M. Production of genetically modified porcine blastocysts by somatic cell nuclear transfer: preliminary results toward production of xenograft-competent miniature pigs. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:630-8. [PMID: 20814171 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galα1-3Gal (α-Gal epitope) is the major xenoantigenic epitope responsible for hyperacute rejection upon pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Endo-β-galactosidase C (EndoGalC) from Clostridium perfringens can digest the α-Gal epitope. In this study, gene-engineered primary cultured porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF) expressing EndoGalC were obtained and subjected to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to test whether xenograft-competent pigs can be created. The EndoGalC-expressing PEF clones exhibited highly reduced expression of α-Gal epitope, as revealed by cytochemical staining with BS-I-B(4) isolectin, a lectin that specifically binds to α-Gal epitope, and FACS analysis. The pattern of low level of α-Gal epitope expression continued for at least 6 months (more than 10 generations) after isolation. SCNT of nuclei from these cells resulted in the generation of blastocysts that displayed nearly complete loss of α-Gal epitope from their cell surface. This is the first study to demonstrate that SCNT using EndoGalC-expressing PEFs as donors would be useful for production of genetically modified cloned pigs suitable for xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Himaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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19
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Ouyang SD, Pei YY, Weng SP, Lü L, Yu XQ, He JG. Effective polyethyleneimine-mediated gene transfer into zebrafish cells. Zebrafish 2009; 6:245-51. [PMID: 19761378 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2009.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been broadly studied as a leading nonviral gene delivery carrier because of its relatively high transfection efficiency in a wide range of cell types. Here, we report gene transfer in zebrafish cells (ZF4) using PEI as a gene carrier and lipofectamine as a control. Formations of PEI-DNA complexes were characterized by a series of measurements. The particle size of PEI-DNA complexes decreased from 274 to 132 nm, the surface charge gradually increased from -26 to 29 mV, and the cytotoxicity for zebrafish cells was observed with increasing proportion of PEI. Gel retardation assay showed that DNA was completely bound by PEI with a negative-to-positive charge ratio of 4. It was observed by transmission electron microscopy that the morphology of PEI-DNA complexes was spherical with smooth surfaces. Flow cytometry revealed that the optimum transfection efficiency (27%) mediated by PEI was obtained at an negative-to-positive charge ratio of 8, which was higher than that with lipofectamine. Luciferase activity assay confirmed the increase in reporter gene expression probably due to a more efficient formation of complex between DNA and PEI than DNA and lipofectamine. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PEI may be applied as an effective gene carrier to mediate gene transfer into zebrafish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Dong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, China
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