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Kang QM, Wang J, Chen SM, Song SR, Yu SC. Glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells. Brain 2024; 147:755-765. [PMID: 37850820 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells play instrumental roles in tumorigenesis and tumour progression and cannot be ignored as a cellular component of the glioma microenvironment. Nevertheless, the origin of these cells and their roles are poorly understood. The only relevant studies have shown that glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells play a large role in promoting tumour proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of their discovery and definition, origin, differences from other tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, spatial distribution, functions and prognostic and therapeutic opportunities to deepen the understanding of these cells and provide new insight into the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Mei Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Shi-Man Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Si-Rong Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
- International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunopathology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jin-feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
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2
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Wang P, Arntz OJ, Husch JFA, Kraan P M VD, Beucken JJJPVD, van de Loo FAJ. Polyethylene glycol precipitation is an efficient method to obtain extracellular vesicle-depleted fetal bovine serum. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295076. [PMID: 38051739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell derived-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have gained interest as drug delivery nanoparticles, having immunoregulatory and potentiating tissue repair property. To maintain growth of MSCs and obtain pure MSC-derived EVs, the culture media should contain fetal bovine serum (FBS) devoid of EVs, as the presence of FBS EVs confounds the properties of MSC-EVs. Therefore, we tested three methods: 18h ultracentrifugation (UC) and ultrafiltration (UF), which are common FBS EV depletion methods in current MSC-EV research, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation to obtain three EV depleted FBS (EVdFBS) batches, and compared them to FBS and commercial (Com) EVdFBS on human adipose stem cell (hADSC) growth, differentiation, enrichment of EVs in hADSC supernatant and their biological function on collagen metabolism. Our comparative study showed UC and UF vary in terms of depletion efficiency and do not completely deplete EVs and affects the growth-promoting quality of FBS. Specifically, FBS EV depletion was comparable between PEG (95.6%) and UF (96.6%) but less by UC (82%), as compared to FBS. FBS protein loss was markedly different among PEG (47%), UF (87%), and UC (51%), implying the ratio of EV depletion over protein loss was PEG (2.03), UF (1.11), and UC (1.61). A significant decrease of TGFβ/Smad signaling, involving in MSC growth and physiology, was observed by UF. After 96 hours of exposure to 5% FBS or 5% four different EVdFBS cell growth media, the osteogenesis ability of hADSCs was not impaired but slightly lower mRNA expression level of Col2a observed in EVdFBS media during chondrogenesis. In consistent with low confluency of hADSCs observed by optical microscope, cell proliferation in response to 5% UF EVdFBS media was inhibited significantly. Importantly, more and purer ADSCs EVs were obtained from ADSCs cultured in 5% PEG EVdFBS media, and they retained bioactive as they upregulated the expression of Col1a1, TIMP1 of human knee synovial fibroblast. Taken together, this study showed that PEG precipitation is the most efficient method to obtain EV depleted FBS for growth of MSCs, and to obtain MSC EVs with minimal FBS EV contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johanna F A Husch
- Department of Dentistry Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Van der Kraan P M
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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3
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Ejma-Multański A, Wajda A, Paradowska-Gorycka A. Cell Cultures as a Versatile Tool in the Research and Treatment of Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2489. [PMID: 37887333 PMCID: PMC10605903 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are an important part of the research and treatment of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. By culturing the various cell types involved in ACTDs, researchers are able to broaden the knowledge about these diseases that, in the near future, may lead to finding cures. Fibroblast cultures and chondrocyte cultures allow scientists to study the behavior, physiology and intracellular interactions of these cells. This helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms of ACTDs, including inflammation, immune dysregulation and tissue damage. Through the analysis of gene expression patterns, surface proteins and cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and endothelial cell cultures researchers can identify potential biomarkers that can help in diagnosing, monitoring disease activity and predicting patient's response to treatment. Moreover, cell culturing of mesenchymal stem cells and skin modelling in ACTD research and treatment help to evaluate the effects of potential drugs or therapeutics on specific cell types relevant to the disease. Culturing cells in 3D allows us to assess safety, efficacy and the mechanisms of action, thereby aiding in the screening of potential drug candidates and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays, personalized medicine is increasingly mentioned as a future way of dealing with complex diseases such as ACTD. By culturing cells from individual patients and studying patient-specific cells, researchers can gain insights into the unique characteristics of the patient's disease, identify personalized treatment targets, and develop tailored therapeutic strategies for better outcomes. Cell culturing can help in the evaluation of the effects of these therapies on patient-specific cell populations, as well as in predicting overall treatment response. By analyzing changes in response or behavior of patient-derived cells to a treatment, researchers can assess the response effectiveness to specific therapies, thus enabling more informed treatment decisions. This literature review was created as a form of guidance for researchers and clinicians, and it was written with the use of the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ejma-Multański
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.P.-G.)
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4
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Chen L, Zhang N, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Fu J, Yuan Y, Chen L, Chen X, Xu Z, Li Y, Izawa H, Xiang C. Multiple Dimensions of using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Liver Diseases: From Bench to Beside. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2192-2224. [PMID: 37498509 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases impose a huge burden worldwide. Although hepatocyte transplantation has long been considered as a potential strategy for treating liver diseases, its clinical implementation has created some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, is widely used in treating different liver diseases, including acute liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure, hepatitis B/C virus, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we summarize the status of MSC transplantation in treating liver diseases, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms, including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulating function with a variety of immune cells, paracrine effects via the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and facilitation of homing and engraftment. Some improved perspectives and current challenges are also addressed. In summary, MSCs have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases based on their multi-faceted characteristics, and more accurate mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies stemming from MSCs will facilitate clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiromi Izawa
- Jingugaien Woman Life Clinic, Jingu-Gaien 3-39-5 2F, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Naudot M, Le Ber J, Marcelo P. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Proteins between Different Sources of hMSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13544. [PMID: 37686351 PMCID: PMC10488246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive therapeutic tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine owing to their regenerative and trophic properties. The best-known and most widely used are bone marrow MSCs, which are currently being harvested and developed from a wide range of adult and perinatal tissues. MSCs from different sources are believed to have different secretion potentials and production, which may influence their therapeutic effects. To confirm this, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis based on the TMT technique of MSCs from three different sources: Wharton's jelly (WJ), dental pulp (DP), and bone marrow (BM). Our analysis focused on MSC biological properties of interest for tissue engineering. We identified a total of 611 differentially expressed human proteins. WJ-MSCs showed the greatest variation compared with the other sources. WJ produced more extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and ECM-affiliated proteins and proteins related to the inflammatory and immune response processes. BM-MSCs expressed more proteins involved in osteogenic, adipogenic, neuronal, or muscular differentiation and proteins involved in paracrine communication. Compared to the other sources, DP-MSCs overexpressed proteins involved in the exocytosis process. The results obtained confirm the existence of differences between WJ, DP, and BM-MSCs and the need to select the MSC origin according to the therapeutic objective sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Naudot
- UR7516, CHirurgie, IMagerie et REgénération Tissulaire de l’Extrémité Céphalique (CHIMERE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Julie Le Ber
- PLATANN, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme d’Ingénierie Cellulaire & Analyses des Protéines ICAP, FR CNRS 3085 ICP, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
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6
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Riekstina U, Vitolina S, Goluba K, Jekabsons K, Muceniece R, Berzins R, Rizhikovs J, Godina D, Teresko A, Paze A. Effect of Betulin Colloidal Particles on Proliferation and Cytokine Secretion of Human Skin Fibroblasts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3088. [PMID: 37687335 PMCID: PMC10490372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to obtain untreated and treated betulin colloidal particles and assess their effect on the viability, morphology, proliferation and cytokine secretion of human dermal fibroblasts. To improve bioavailability, betulin treatment was performed by an antisolvent precipitation technique. The average particle size after treatment in the aqueous dispersion decreased from 552.9 ± 11.3 to 278.2 ± 1.6 nm. Treated betulin colloidal particles showed no cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 400 µg·mL-1 in the colorimetric tetrazolium salt viability test (CCK-8). Moreover, the cell morphology was not changed in the presence of betulin colloidal particles at a concentration range from 0.78 to 400 µg·mL-1. The obtained results also show that betulin particles induce the secretion of the proinflammatory and angiogenesis-stimulating cytokine IL-8. However, further studies would be required to clarify the mechanism of IL-8 secretion induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Sanita Vitolina
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Karina Goluba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudolfs Berzins
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Janis Rizhikovs
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Godina
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Aigars Paze
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
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7
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Ou YC, Huang CC, Kao YL, Ho PC, Tsai KJ. Stem Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1691-1708. [PMID: 37115409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that enormously affects an individual's health and quality of life. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is one of the most important sequelae induced by SCI, causing complications including urinary tract infection, renal function deterioration, urinary incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Current therapeutic methods for SCI-induced NLUTD mainly target on the urinary bladder, but the outcomes are still far from satisfactory. Stem cell therapy has gained increasing attention for years for its ability to rescue the injured spinal cord directly. Stem cell differentiation and their paracrine effects, including exosomes, are the proposed mechanisms to enhance the recovery from SCI. Several animal studies have demonstrated improvement in bladder function using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs). Human clinical trials also provide promising results in urodynamic parameters after MSC therapy. However, there is still uncertainty about the ideal treatment window and application protocol for stem cell therapy. Besides, data on the therapeutic effects regarding NSCs and stem cell-derived exosomes in SCI-related NLUTD are scarce. Therefore, there is a pressing need for further well-designed human clinical trials to translate the stem cell therapy into a formal therapeutic option for SCI-induced NLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chien Ou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lin Kao
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Isaković J, Šerer K, Barišić B, Mitrečić D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139359. [PMID: 36926687 PMCID: PMC10011535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects-one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs' mechanisms of action with respect to in vitro and in vivo research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs' proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Šerer
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Barišić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Asgari Taei A, Khodabakhsh P, Nasoohi S, Farahmandfar M, Dargahi L. Paracrine Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities and Challenges. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6281-6306. [PMID: 35922728 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that neuroprotective effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ischemic stroke are attributed to their paracrine-mediated actions or bystander effects rather than to cell replacement in infarcted areas. This therapeutic plasticity is due to MSCs' ability to secrete a broad range of bioactive molecules including growth factors, trophic factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, overall known as the secretome. The secretome derivatives, such as conditioned medium (CM) or purified extracellular vesicles (EVs), exert remarkable advantages over MSC transplantation in stroke treating. Here, in this review, we used published information to provide an overview on the secretome composition of MSCs, underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects of MSCs, and preclinical studies on MSC-derived products application in stroke. Furthermore, we discussed current advantages and challenges for successful bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lenna S, Brozovich A, Hirase T, Paradiso F, Weiner BK, Taraballi F. Comparison between Cancellous Trabecular and Cortical Specimens from Human Lumbar Spine Samples as an Alternative Source of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:672-683. [PMID: 36039931 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunosuppressive potential and ability to differentiate into multiple musculoskeletal cell lineages, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) became popular in clinical trials for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize native populations of MSCs from human cortical and cancellous bone from the posterior elements of the lumbar spine and determine what source of MSCs yield better quality and quantity of cells to be potentially use for spinal fusion repair. We were able to show that MSCs from trabecular and cortical spine had the typical MSC morphology and expression markers; the ability to differentiate in adipocyte, chondrocyte, or osteoblast but they did not have a consistent pattern in the expression of the specific differentiation lineage genes. Moreover, MSCs from both sites demonstrated an immune suppression profile suggesting that these cells may have a more promising success in applications related to immunomodulation more than exploring their ability to drive osteogenesis to prevent nonunion in spine fusion procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lenna
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States;
| | - Ava Brozovich
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, United States;
| | - Takashi Hirase
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States;
| | | | - Bradley K Weiner
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, Houston, Texas, United States.,Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Houston, Texas, United States;
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Mechanical Stretch Induced Skin Regeneration: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism in Skin Soft Tissue Expansion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179622. [PMID: 36077018 PMCID: PMC9455829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin soft tissue expansion is one of the most basic and commonly used techniques in plastic surgery to obtain excess skin for a variety of medical uses. However, skin soft tissue expansion is faced with many problems, such as long treatment process, poor skin quality, high retraction rate, and complications. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of skin soft tissue expansion is needed. The key to skin soft tissue expansion lies in the mechanical stretch applied to the skin by an inflatable expander. Mechanical stimulation activates multiple signaling pathways through cellular adhesion molecules and regulates gene expression profiles in cells. Meanwhile, various types of cells contribute to skin expansion, including keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, which are also regulated by mechanical stretch. This article reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms of skin regeneration induced by mechanical stretch during skin soft tissue expansion.
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12
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Marques da Silva M, Olsson DC, Teixeira BL, Jeremias TDS, Trentin AG. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Therapeutic Application in Skin Wound Healing: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 212:567-582. [PMID: 35871510 DOI: 10.1159/000526093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-healing skin wounds remain a challenge in the healthcare system. In this sense, it is suggested that the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be effective as a therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine the effects of treatment with a secretome derived from MSCs on the healing of skin wounds in a preclinical model of rodents (mice and rats). Studies were systematically retrieved from 6 databases and gray literature that provided 1,172 records, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Results revealed substantial heterogeneity among studies concerning experimental designs and methodologies, resulting in a high risk of bias. Together, the selected studies reported that treatment improved wound healing by (1) accelerating wound closure and improving skin repair quality; (2) reducing inflammation by decreasing the number of cells and inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by polarization of the M2 macrophage; (3) complete re-epithelialization and epidermal reorganization; (4) neovascularization promoted by proliferation of endothelial cells (CD34+) and increased levels of pro-angiogenic mediators; (5) better scar quality promoted by increased expression of collagen types I and III, as well as improved deposition and remodeling of collagen fibers. In conclusion, despite the need for alignment of methodological protocols and transparent reports in future studies, results show that the secretome of MSCs from different tissue sources corresponds to a promising tool of regenerative medicine for the treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Marques da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Olsson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bianca Luise Teixeira
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Jeremias
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Akamatsu H, Yamada T, Sanada A, Ishii Y, Iwata Y, Arima M, Hasegawa S, Sugiura K. Age-related decrease in responsiveness of CD271-positive skin stem cells to growth factors. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1264-1269. [PMID: 35524485 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the numbers of interfollicular epidermal stem cells (IFE-SCs) and dermal stem cells (DSCs) decrease with age and that this decrease is attributed to the age-related deterioration of skin homeostatic functions and the delay in wound healing. Meanwhile, functional decline in the stem cells is also considered to be responsible for the deteriorated skin homeostatic functions and the delayed wound healing associated with aging. In the present study, we focused on epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF/EGFR) signaling and fibroblast growth factor-2/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF2/FGFR) signaling to analyze the age-related changes. Immunohistological analysis revealed that the expressions of EGFR and FGFR1 declined in IFE-SCs and DSCs with age, respectively. Additionally, IFE-SCs and DSCs isolated from the skin samples of elderly subjects exhibited lowered responsiveness to EGF and FGF2, respectively. These results suggest that the lowered responsiveness of the skin stem cells to growth factors may be a factor involved in the age-related deterioration of skin regenerative functions during wound healing and skin homeostatic functions. We hope that homeostatic and wound healing functions in the skin could be maintained if the decreased expressions of EGFR and FGFR1 in IFE-SCs and DSCs, respectively, can be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimi-cho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sanada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimi-cho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshie Ishii
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimi-cho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2-7 Torimi-cho, Nishi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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14
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Li Y, Xiong L, Tang J, Dai R, Li S, Li L. Facilitation of mouse skin-derived precursor growth and yield by optimizing plating density. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1293-1302. [PMID: 34966853 PMCID: PMC8665902 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple methodologies have been reported to facilitate skin-derived precursor (SKP) growth, but the impact of plating density on SKP growth has not been studied. To determine the optimal plating density, we used six plating densities and two types of flasks for mouse SKP (mSKP) culture. On the 14th day, the number, diameter, and viability of mSKP spheres were compared by morphological assessment and cell counting kit 8, and we found the optimal plating density was 2.5 × 105–5 × 105 cells/mL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the SKP spheres and the adherent cell colonies in the serum-free culture system. We treated the adherent cell colonies with two culture conditions and characterized the cells generated from two conditions by immunocytochemistry and induced differentiation, respectively. The results elucidated that the adherent cell colonies differentiated into either mSKPs or dermal mesenchymal stem cells under appropriate culture conditions. In conclusion, mSKP spheres differentiated from the adherent cell colonies. The optimal plating density significantly promoted and advanced the proliferation of adherent cell colonies, which optimized mSKP growth and yield. The adherent cell colonies possessed the capacity of differentiating into different types of cells under appropriate culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Ru Dai
- Department of Dermatology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Gaopeng Avenue, Gaoxin District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
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15
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Abstract
The multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), initially discovered from bone marrow in 1976, have been identified in nearly all tissues of human body now. The multipotency of MSCs allows them to give rise to osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and other lineages. Moreover, armed with the immunomodulation capacity and tumor-homing property, MSCs are of special relevance for cell-based therapies in the treatment of cancer. However, hampered by lack of knowledge about the controversial roles that MSC plays in the crosstalk with tumors, limited progress has been made with regard to translational medicine. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the prospects of MSC-associated anticancer strategies in light of therapeutic mechanisms and signal transduction pathways. In addition, the clinical trials designed to appraise the efficacy and safety of MSC-based anticancer therapies will be assessed according to published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Culture, Expansion and Differentiation of Mouse Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:35-46. [PMID: 34057712 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult cells that are present in several tissues including the bone marrow (BM), in which they can differentiate in a variety of cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. The isolation of MSCs has been carried out by many studies that aim to control their differentiation into cartilaginous and bone cells in vitro in order to use this technology in the repair of damaged tissues. Here we describe the minimum requirements and an efficient method for isolation, expansion of mouse bone-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts, responsible for the bone matrix synthesis and mineralization.
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17
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Bellu E, Cruciani S, Garroni G, Balzano F, Satta R, Montesu MA, Fadda A, Mulas M, Sarais G, Bandiera P, Ventura C, Kralovič M, Sabo J, Amler E, Maioli M. Natural Compounds and PCL Nanofibers: A Novel Tool to Counteract Stem Cell Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061415. [PMID: 34200247 PMCID: PMC8227046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis mainly depends on the activity of stem cells to replace damaged elements and restore tissue functions. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis in skin, in particular in the dermis. Modifications in collagen fibers are able to affect stem cell features. Skin properties can be significantly reduced after injuries or with aging, and stem cell niches, mainly comprising extracellular matrix (ECM), may be compromised. To this end, specific molecules can be administrated to prevent the aging process induced by UV exposure in the attempt to maintain a youngness phenotype. NanoPCL-M is a novel nanodevice able to control delivery of Mediterranean plant myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) extracts. In particular, we previously described that myrtle extracts, rich in bioactive molecules and nutraceuticals, were able to counteract senescence in adipose derived stem cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of NanoPCL-M on skin stem cells (SSCs) and dermal fibroblasts in a dynamic cell culture model in order to prevent the effects of UV-induced senescence on proliferation and collagen depot. The BrdU assay results highlight the significantly positive effect of NanoPCL-M on the proliferation of both fibroblasts and SSCs. Our results demonstrate that-M is able to preserve SSCs features and collagen depot after UV-induced senescence, suggesting their capability to retain a young phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Francesca Balzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Rosanna Satta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Montesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Angela Fadda
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Mulas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Via De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Sarais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy;
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering-Eldor Lab, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Innovation Accelerator, CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martin Kralovič
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
- UCEEB, Czech Technical University, Trinecka 1024, 273 43 Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Evzen Amler
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
- UCEEB, Czech Technical University, Trinecka 1024, 273 43 Bustehrad, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (G.G.); (F.B.); (P.B.)
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (M.M.)
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18
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He R, Dantas A, Riabowol K. Histone Acetyltransferases and Stem Cell Identity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2407. [PMID: 34067525 PMCID: PMC8156521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histones is a key epigenetic modification involved in transcriptional regulation. The addition of acetyl groups to histone tails generally reduces histone-DNA interactions in the nucleosome leading to increased accessibility for transcription factors and core transcriptional machinery to bind their target sequences. There are approximately 30 histone acetyltransferases and their corresponding complexes, each of which affect the expression of a subset of genes. Because cell identity is determined by gene expression profile, it is unsurprising that the HATs responsible for inducing expression of these genes play a crucial role in determining cell fate. Here, we explore the role of HATs in the maintenance and differentiation of various stem cell types. Several HAT complexes have been characterized to play an important role in activating genes that allow stem cells to self-renew. Knockdown or loss of their activity leads to reduced expression and or differentiation while particular HATs drive differentiation towards specific cell fates. In this study we review functions of the HAT complexes active in pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, muscle satellite cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicen He
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arthur Dantas
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (R.H.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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19
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S. Sources, Isolation and culture of stem cells? Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Safi R, Malek E, Nemer G, Sayed R, Eid E, Khalil S, Nasser N, Abbas O, Mohsen-Kanson T, Kurban M. Comparative characterization of sun exposed and sun protected skin-derived mesenchymal-like stem cells in variegate porphyria and healthy individuals. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 37:202-213. [PMID: 33259115 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We hypothesized that upon sun exposure, a sub-population of primary skin-derived mesenchymal-like cells is deleteriously affected and thus contribute to the chronic inflammatory state in autosomal recessive variegate porphyria patients. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the mesenchymal-like stem cells from different areas of the skin in a porphyria patient (sun exposed, SE, and sun protected, SP) and to compare them with cells from a healthy individual. METHODS The proliferation rate and the migration ability of SE and SP cells were evaluated in the presence of an antioxidant compound, N-acetylcysteine. A co-culture of SE-damaged cells with the conditioned medium from the enriched mesenchymal cell-like SP population was performed in order to regenerate the dermal injured tissue after sun exposure in patients. RESULTS Results showed that the percentage of CD105+ cells varies between 3.9% in SP and 5% in SE of the healthy individual and between 3.6% and 1.4% in SP and SE in the porphyria patient, respectively. The osteogenic differentiation potential was lower in the porphyria patient when compared to the control. Furthermore, the expression of stem cell markers was more pronounced in SE than in SP cells of both control and porphyria. The use of N-acetyl cysteine did not show any beneficial effects on porphyria SE cells. Treatment with SP-conditioned medium slightly increased the expression of stem cell markers in SE of porphyria patient. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the pool of mesenchymal stem-like SE cells is affected in variegate porphyria patient along with modification of their self-renewal and differentiation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Malek
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Lebanese University, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reem Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edward Eid
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nourhane Nasser
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tala Mohsen-Kanson
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Lebanese University, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Faculty of Medicine, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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22
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Yang X, Ren H, Guo X, Hu C, Fu J. Radiation-induced skin injury: pathogenesis, treatment, and management. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23379-23393. [PMID: 33202382 PMCID: PMC7746368 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury (RSI) refers to a frequently occurring complication of radiation therapy. Nearly 90% of patients having received radiation therapy underwent moderate-to-severe skin reactions, severely reducing patients' quality of life and adversely affecting their disease treatment. No gold standard has been formulated for RSIs. In the present study, the mechanism of RSI and topical medications was discussed. Besides, this study can be referenced for clinicians to treat RSIs to guide subsequent clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanru Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaosu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Ryu JS, Jeong EJ, Kim JY, Park SJ, Ju WS, Kim CH, Kim JS, Choo YK. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammatory and Fibrotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218366. [PMID: 33171878 PMCID: PMC7664655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues in the adult body. MSCs should be characterized by three criteria for regenerative medicine. MSCs must (1) adhere to plastic surfaces, (2) express specific surface antigens, and (3) differentiate into mesodermal lineages, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes, in vitro. Interestingly, MSCs have immunomodulatory features and secrete trophic factors and immune receptors that regulate the microenvironment in host tissue. These specific and unique therapeutic properties make MSCs ideal as therapeutic agents in vivo. Specifically, pre-clinical and clinical investigators generated inflammatory and fibrotic diseases models, and then transplantation of MSCs into diseases models for therapeutic effects investigation. In this review, we characterize MSCs from various tissues and describe their applications for treating various inflammation and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.-S.R.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (S.J.P.); (W.S.J.)
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Jong-Yeup Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.-S.R.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (S.J.P.); (W.S.J.)
- Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Won Seok Ju
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (S.J.P.); (W.S.J.)
- Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Jang-Seong Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (E.-J.J.); (S.J.P.); (W.S.J.)
- Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Bazzoni R, Takam Kamga P, Tanasi I, Krampera M. Extracellular Vesicle-Dependent Communication Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Immune Effector Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:596079. [PMID: 33240892 PMCID: PMC7677193 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.596079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells residing in the stromal tissues of the body and capable of promoting tissue repair and attenuating inflammatory processes through their immunomodulatory properties. Preclinical and clinical observations revealed that not only direct intercellular communication mediates MSC properties; in fact, a pivotal role is also played by the release of soluble and bioactive factors, such as cytokines, growth factor and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles containing a large variety of bioactive molecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as RNA. EVs release their contents into target cells, thus influencing cell fate through the control of intracellular processes. In addition, MSC-derived EVs can mediate modulatory effects toward different effector cells belonging to both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will discuss the literature data concerning MSC-derived EVs, including the current standardized methods for their isolation and characterization, the mechanisms supporting their immunoregulatory properties, and their potential clinical application as alternative to MSC-based therapy for inflammatory reactions, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- EA4340-BCOH, Biomarker in Cancerology and Onco-Haematology, UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Ilaria Tanasi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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25
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Afflerbach AK, Kiri MD, Detinis T, Maoz BM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1306. [PMID: 32927777 PMCID: PMC7565384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors-(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Afflerbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D. Kiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Tahir Detinis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (A.-K.A.); (M.D.K.); (T.D.)
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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26
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Rumiński S, Kalaszczyńska I, Lewandowska-Szumieł M. Effect of cAMP Signaling Regulation in Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1587. [PMID: 32629962 PMCID: PMC7408391 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in bone regeneration depends on efficient osteogenic differentiation. However, a literature survey and our own experience demonstrated that current differentiation methods are not effective enough. Since the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes can be regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, we investigated the effects of cAMP activator, forskolin, and inhibitor, SQ 22,536, on the early and late osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs cultured in spheroids or in a monolayer. Intracellular cAMP concentration, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) expression examination confirmed cAMP up- and downregulation. cAMP upregulation inhibited the cell cycle and protected ADSCs from osteogenic medium (OM)-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, the upregulation of cAMP level at the early stages of osteogenic differentiation downregulated the expression of osteogenic markers RUNX2, Osterix, and IBSP, which was more significant in spheroids, and it is used for the more efficient commitment of ADSCs into preosteoblasts, according to the previously reported protocol. However, cAMP upregulation in a culture of ADSCs in spheroids resulted in significantly increased osteocalcin production and mineralization. Thus, undifferentiated and predifferentiated ADSCs respond differently to cAMP pathway stimulation in terms of osteogenesis, which might explain the ambiguous results from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Rumiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Kalaszczyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Laboratory for Cell Research and Application, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lewandowska-Szumieł
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Laboratory for Cell Research and Application, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Shariati A, Nemati R, Sadeghipour Y, Yaghoubi Y, Baghbani R, Javidi K, Zamani M, Hassanzadeh A. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for neurodegenerative disease: A promising frontier. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151097. [PMID: 32800276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) along with some other less common diseases generally described by the advanced deterioration of central or peripheral nervous system, structurally or functionally. In the last two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their unique assets encompassing self-renewal, multipotency and accessibility in association with low ethical concern open new frontiers in the context of neurodegenerative diseases therapy. Interestingly, MSCs can be differentiated into endodermal and ectodermal lineages (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte), and thus could be employed to advance cell-based therapeutic strategy. Additionally, as inflammation ordinarily ensues as a local response provoked by microglia in the neurodegenerative diseases, MSCs therapy because of their pronounced immunomodulatory properties is noticed as a rational approach for their treatment. Recently, varied types of studies have been mostly carried out in vitro and rodent models using MSCs upon their procurement from various sources and expansion. The promising results of the studies in rodent models have motivated researchers to design and perform several clinical trials, with a speedily rising number. In the current review, we aim to deliver a brief overview of MSCs sources, expansion strategies, and their immunosuppressive characteristics and discuss credible functional mechanisms exerted by MSCs to treat neurodegenerative disorders, covering AD, PD, ALS, MS, and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shariati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Yasin Sadeghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Baghbani
- Department of Medical Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Kamran Javidi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Sveiven SN, Nordgren TM. Lung-resident mesenchymal stromal cells are tissue-specific regulators of lung homeostasis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L197-L210. [PMID: 32401672 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00049.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, data supporting the tissue-resident status of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has been ambiguous since their discovery in the 1950-60s. These progenitor cells were first discovered as bone marrow-derived adult multipotent cells and believed to migrate to sites of injury, opposing the notion that they are residents of all tissue types. In recent years, however, it has been demonstrated that MSC can be found in all tissues and MSC from different tissues represent distinct populations with differential protein expression unique to each tissue type. Importantly, these cells are efficient mediators of tissue repair, regeneration, and prove to be targets for therapeutics, demonstrated by clinical trials (phase 1-4) for MSC-derived therapies for diseases like graft-versus-host-disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. The tissue-resident status of MSC found in the lung is a key feature of their importance in the context of disease and injuries of the respiratory system, since these cells could be instrumental to providing more specific and targeted therapies. Currently, bone marrow-derived MSC have been established in the treatment of disease, including diseases of the lung. However, with lung-resident MSC representing a unique population with a different phenotypic and gene expression pattern than MSC derived from other tissues, their role in remediating lung inflammation and injury could provide enhanced efficacy over bone marrow-derived MSC methods. Through this review, lung-resident MSC will be characterized, using previously published data, by surface markers, gene expression patterns, and compared with bone-marrow MSC to highlight similarities and, importantly, differences in these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Noel Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
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29
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human Skin-Derived Cells into Functional Sensory Neurons-Like. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041000. [PMID: 32316463 PMCID: PMC7226083 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) are neural crest stem cells that persist in certain adult tissues, particularly in the skin. They can generate a large type of cell in vitro, including neurons. SKPs were induced to differentiate into sensory neurons (SNs) by molecules that were previously shown to be important for the generation of SNs: purmorphamine, CHIR99021, BMP4, GDNF, BDNF, and NGF. We showed that the differentiation of SKPs induced the upregulation of neurogenins. At the end of the differentiation protocol, transcriptional analysis was performed on BRN3A and a marker of pain-sensing nerve cell PRDM12 genes: 1000 times higher for PRDM12 and 2500 times higher for BRN3A in differentiated cells than they were in undifferentiated SKPs. Using immunostaining, we showed that 65% and 80% of cells expressed peripheral neuron markers BRN3A and PERIPHERIN, respectively. Furthermore, differentiated cells expressed TRPV1, PAR2, TRPA1, substance P, CGRP, HR1. Using calcium imaging, we observed that a proportion of cells responded to histamine, SLIGKV (a specific agonist of PAR2), polygodial (a specific agonist of TRPA1), and capsaicin (a specific agonist of TRPV1). In conclusion, SKPs are able to differentiate directly into functional SNs. These differentiated cells will be very useful for further in vitro studies.
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30
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Characterization and therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101330. [PMID: 32473704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, genomic stable, self-renewable, and culturally expandable adult stem cells. MSCs facilitate tissue development, maintenance and repair, and produce secretory factors that support engraftment and trophic functions, marking them an attractive option in cell therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. METHOD In this review, we summarize the recent researches regarding the isolation and characterization of MSCs, therapeutic applications and advanced engineering techniques. We also discuss the advantages and limitations that remain to be overcome for MSCs based therapy. RESULTS It has been demonstrated that MSCs are able to modulate endogenous tissue and immune cells. Preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials have shown their great potential for tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, marrow stroma, muscle, fat, and other connective tissues. CONCLUSIONS MSC-based therapy show considerable promise to rebuild damaged or diseased tissues, which could be a promising therapeutic method for regeneration medicine.
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Bergeron L, Busuttil V, Botto JM. Multipotentiality of skin-derived precursors: application to the regeneration of skin and other tissues. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:5-15. [PMID: 31612512 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) have been described as multipotent dermal precursors. Here, we provide a review of the breadth and depth of scientific literature and studies regarding SKPs, accounting for a large number of scientific publications. Interestingly, these progenitors can be isolated from embryonic and adult skin, as well as from a population of dermal cells cultured in vitro in monolayer. Gathering information from different authors, this review explores different aspects of the SKP theme, such as the potential distinct origins of SKPs in rodents and in humans, and also their ability to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into multiple lineages of different progeny. This remarkable capacity makes SKPs an interesting endogenous source of precursors to explore in the framework of experimental and therapeutic applications in different domains. SKPs are not only involved in the skin's dermal maintenance and support as well as wound healing, but also in hair follicle morphogenesis. This review points out the interests of future researches on SKPs for innovative perspectives that may be helpful in many different types of scientific and medical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergeron
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - V Busuttil
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
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32
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Li H, Tian Y, Xie L, Liu X, Huang Z, Su W. Mesenchymal stem cells in allergic diseases: Current status. Allergol Int 2020; 69:35-45. [PMID: 31445840 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, which include asthma, allergic skin diseases, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis, have already garnered worldwide public health attention over recent decades. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gradually emerged as a potential method for treating allergic diseases due to their immunosuppressive characteristics, tissue repair ability and secretion of various biological factors. This potential of MSC-based therapy has been confirmed in clinical and preclinical studies, which report the therapeutic benefits of MSCs for various allergic diseases and explore the antiallergic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the discoveries and biological mechanisms of MSCs as a therapeutic tool in allergic diseases. We discuss the challenges of conducting MSC studies as well as future directions.
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Lyden J, Grant S, Ma T. Altered metabolism for neuroprotection provided by mesenchymal stem cells. Brain Circ 2019; 5:140-144. [PMID: 31620662 PMCID: PMC6785946 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells which have become popular research targets for their use in cellular therapy for tissue repair. While recent advancements in research have shown the MSCs have immunomodulatory functions which are altered in response to host inflammatory molecules, how these stimuli produce different functional outcomes is not understood. Here, we evaluate research examining how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) affects the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs by altering their metabolism. This study indicates that IFN-γ causes an increase in glycolytic activity and uncoupling of glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle and hence, the glycolytic metabolites and intermediates can be funneled toward the production of anti-inflammatory modulators indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and PGE2. A complete understanding of how MSCs' cellular metabolism affects their function is necessary for their employment in cellular therapy, as MSCs have been demonstrated to have pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. These findings are a large step forward in the understanding of the regulation of MSCs and toward their eventual use in cellular therapy, specifically for stroke recovery, in which MSCs have been shown to have powerful neuroprotective and neurogenerative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lyden
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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34
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Cheng S, Nethi SK, Rathi S, Layek B, Prabha S. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Targeting Solid Tumors: Therapeutic Potential beyond Regenerative Therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:231-241. [PMID: 31175219 PMCID: PMC6640188 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have previously demonstrated considerable promise in regenerative medicine based on their ability to proliferate and differentiate into cells of different lineages. More recently, there has been a significant interest in using MSCs as cellular vehicles for targeted cancer therapy by exploiting their tumor homing properties. Initial studies focused on using genetically modified MSCs for targeted delivery of various proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and therapeutic proteins to a wide variety of tumors. However, their use as drug delivery vehicles has been limited by poor drug load capacity. This review discusses various strategies for the nongenetic modification of MSCs that allows their use in tumor-targeted delivery of small molecule chemotherapeutic agents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There has been considerable interest in exploiting the tumor homing potential of MSCs to develop them as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor tissue. The inherent tumor-tropic and drug-resistant properties make MSCs ideal carriers for toxic payload. While significant progress has been made in the area of the genetic modification of MSCs, studies focused on identification of molecular mechanisms that contribute to the tumor tropism along with optimization of the engineering conditions can further improve their effectiveness as drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Cheng
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Sneha Rathi
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
| | - Swayam Prabha
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (S.C., S.K.N., B.L., S.P.) and Pharmaceutics (S.R., S.P.), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota
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35
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Nagubothu SR, Sugars RV, Tudzarovski N, Andrén AT, Bottai M, Davies LC, Hertegård S, Le Blanc K. Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate tissue repair responses within the injured vocal fold. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:E21-E29. [PMID: 30835853 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to determine whether local injection of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) could modulate the early inflammatory response within injured vocal folds (VFs) to promote wound-healing processes. STUDY DESIGN Experimental xenograft model. METHODS VF injury was surgically induced by bilateral resection of the lamina propria of rabbits, and MSC were immediately injected into the injured area of both VFs. Animals were sacrificed on days 2, 4, and 24. Histological analyses were performed by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's Trichrome, and elastin staining. Cell death was visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the M2 macrophage marker, CD163, detected by immunohistochemistry. Persistence of injected MSC was evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed on the contralateral VF. RESULTS Histological examination at days 2 and 4 indicated that MSC were able to reduce tissue inflammation, with gene expression analysis confirming a significant reduction of proinflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-8. FISH demonstrated low-level persistence of injected MSC at both time points, and TUNEL confirmed localized cell death at the injury site. Increased levels of CD163+ anti-inflammatory macrophages indicated a change in the immune milieu, supporting wound resolution. Evidence of a more organized collagen matrix suggests that MSC may enhance the production of a functional repair tissue after injury, despite their low-level persistence within the tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that MSC are able to positively modulate the early wound-healing response through resolution of the inflammatory phase and promotion of tissue repair. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:E21-E29, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael V Sugars
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Matteo Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stellan Hertegård
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Francis E, Kearney L, Clover J. The effects of stem cells on burn wounds: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2019; 9:1-12. [PMID: 30911430 PMCID: PMC6420705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell therapy application is at the vanguard of regenerative medicine across all medical disciplines. Stem cells are of special interest in burn wounds, as they have multiple potential indications for application; including - accelerating wound healing, improving skin regeneration to incorporate skin appendages, reducing fibrosis and improving scarring. METHODS A literature review was performed using both MeSH and keyword searches of PubMed to identify all potentially suitable publications. Search criteria were restricted to the English language, but acceptable English translations were sought for inclusion. Inclusion dates were from 2003 up until and including 2017. Studies included looked at stem cells in burn wounds only. RESULTS There were 692 potentially suitable publications of which 72 were included for review. These included a systematic reviews and original research articles. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells accelerate burn wound healing by inducing neo-angiogenesis, collagen deposition and granulation tissue formation. They modulate the inflammatory response and reduce the risk of infection. They can regenerate skin appendages and halt he zone of stasis in acute burn injury. However with these pre-clinical animal model studies we must be cautious with our interpretation of this novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Francis
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Burns Surgery, Cork University Hospital Wilton Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura Kearney
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Burns Surgery, Cork University Hospital Wilton Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - James Clover
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Burns Surgery, Cork University Hospital Wilton Road, Cork, Ireland
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Hassouna A, M. Abd Elgwad M, Fahmy H. Stromal Stem Cells: Nature, Biology and Potential Therapeutic Applications. STROMAL CELLS - STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.77346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Tension enhances cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by upregulating expressions of integrin αvβ3 in human keloid-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2018; 219:272-282. [PMID: 30597173 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Keloids are a dermal fibrotic disease whose etiology remains totally unknown and for which there is no successful treatment. Mechanical tension, in addition, is closely associated with the germination and development of keloids. In this study, we investigated the influence of human keloid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (KD-MSCs) on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and expressions of integrin αvβ3 under tension. MAIN METHODS KD-MSCs and human normal skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NS-MSCs) were isolated and cultured in stem cell medium with a gradual increase in the serum concentration. Cell proliferation and collagen synthesis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and hydroxyproline content analysis under tension respectively. We investigated the messenger RNA expressions of nine integrin subunits, including integrin units α2, α3, α5, αv, α8, α10, α11, β1, and β3, in KD-MSCs stimulated with tension. Identification of differentially expressed genes was performed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry staining. KEY FINDINGS We obtained high-purity KD-MSCs and NS-MSCs using the culture method of decreasing serum concentration gradient gradually. Furthermore, we found that tension enhances cell proliferation and collagen synthesis and promotes expressions of integrin αvβ3 in KD-MSCs. In addition, blocking experiments showed that increased integrin αvβ3 expression affects cell proliferation and collagen synthesis of KD-MSCs under tension. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that integrin αvβ3 receptor may be sensitive molecules of mechanical tension and could contribute to the occurrence and development of keloids. It could lead to novel targets for therapeutic intervention, treatment, and prevention of recurrence for keloid disorders.
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Saulite L, Vavers E, Zvejniece L, Dambrova M, Riekstina U. The Differentiation of Skin Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards a Schwann Cell Phenotype: Impact of Sigma-1 Receptor Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:2840-2850. [PMID: 28455697 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are the source of mature Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The NCSC population resides in the bulge of hair follicles and in the dermis. Recently, it was shown that 2-3% of the human dermis mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population expresses the NCSC marker CD271, thus enabling the use of skin MSCs for studying Schwann cell differentiation in vitro. The aims of this study were to establish a protocol for human skin MSC differentiation towards Schwann cell-like cells (SC-lcs) and to analyse the expression of sigma-1 receptor (S1R) in SC-lcs. The impact of S1R ligands, namely the selective agonist PRE-084, the positive allosteric modulator E1R and the selective antagonist NE-100, on Schwann cell differentiation was assessed. The expression of the neuron-specific genes Tubulin-βIII and Integrin-6α, the Schwann cell-specific gene S100b, MBP and the NCSC-specific genes p75NTR, Sox10, Notch1, Integrin-4α, Ap2α and Pax6 was analysed in MSCs and SC-lcs by real-time RT-PCR. BDNF secretion was evaluated by ELISA. The effect of S1R ligands on SC-lc differentiation was measured using BDNF ELISA and MBP flow cytometry. After MSC differentiation, NCSC markers p75NTR and Integrin-4α were downregulated 3.5-fold and 2-fold, respectively. To the contrary, MBP and S100b were significantly upregulated in SC-lcs. S1R ligands showed a tendency to increase the secretion of BDNF by the SC-lc population. PRE-084 and E1R increased MBP expression in the SC-lc population, whereas 3 μM NE-100 inhibited MBP expression in SC-lcs. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that S1R plays an important role in skin MSC differentiation towards myelinating Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Saulite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia
| | - E Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, Latvia
| | - L Zvejniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, Latvia
| | - M Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Aizkraukles Street 21, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, Latvia
| | - U Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia.
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Li X, Li J, Zhao X, Wang Q, Yang X, Cheng Y, Zhou M, Wang G, Dang E, Yang X, Hou R, An P, Yin G, Zhang K. Comparative analysis of molecular activity in dermal mesenchymal stem cells from different passages. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 19:277-285. [PMID: 29159500 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used for tissue regeneration in several pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases. However, the optimal sources and culture requirements for these cells are still under investigation. Here, we compared mRNA expression in dermal MSCs (DMSCs) at passage (P) 3 and P5 to provide a reference for future studies related to DMSCs expansion. In normal DMSCs, the expression of three of eight genes associated with basic cellular activity were different at P5 compared to that at P3: PLCB4 and SYTL2 were upregulated by 4.30- and 6.42-fold, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas SATB2 was downregulated by 39.25-fold (P < 0.05). At the same time, genes associated with proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis were expressed at similar levels at P3 and P5 (P > 0.05). In contrast, in DMSCs isolated from psoriatic patients we observed differential expression of three inflammation-associated genes at P5 compared to P3; thus IL6, IL8, and CXCL6 mRNA levels were upregulated by 16.02-, 31.15-, and 15.04-fold, respectively. Our results indicate that normal and psoriatic DMSCs showed different expression patterns for genes related to inflammation and basic cell activity at P3 and P5, whereas those for genes linked to proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis were mostly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yueai Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Hospital of Xijing Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, No. 15 Changle Road West, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Hospital of Xijing Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, No. 15 Changle Road West, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Peng An
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guohua Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, No. 1 Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030009, Shanxi Province, China.
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Cytotherapy using stromal cells: Current and advance multi-treatment approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:38-44. [PMID: 29080456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The research in stem cells gives a proper information about basic mechanisms of human development and differentiation. The use of stem cells in new medicinal therapies includes treatment of different conditions such as spinal cord injury, diabetes mellitus, Parkinsonism, and cardiac disorders. These cells exhibit two unique properties: self-renewal and differentiation. The major stem cells been used for approximately about 10-14 years for cellular therapy are mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can individualize into many lineage, i.e. into both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal lineage, such as into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, neurons, etc. This review focuses on the history, types of stem cells and their targets and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are the significant futuristic carrier for treating diseases associated not only with regeneration but also immunomodulation.
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Mushahary D, Spittler A, Kasper C, Weber V, Charwat V. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A 2017; 93:19-31. [PMID: 29072818 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exhibit a high self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. This set of exceptional features makes them an attractive tool for research and clinical application. However, MSC are far from being a uniform cell type, which makes standardization difficult. The exact properties of human MSC (hMSC) can vary greatly depending on multiple parameters including tissue source, isolation method and medium composition. In this review we address the most important influence factors. We highlight variations in the differentiation potential of MSC from different tissue sources. Furthermore, we compare enzymatic isolation strategies with explants cultures focusing on adipose tissue and umbilical cords as two relevant examples. Additionally, we address effects of medium composition and serum supplementation on MSC expansion and differentiation. The lack of standardized methods for hMSC isolation and cultivation mandates careful evaluation of different protocols regarding efficiency and cell quality. MSC characterization based on a set of minimal criteria defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy is a widely accepted practice, and additional testing for MSC functionality can provide valuable supplementary information. The MSC secretome has been identified as an important signaling mechanism to affect other cells. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest. The thorough characterization of MSC-derived EVs and their interaction with target cells is a crucial step toward a more complete understanding of MSC-derived EV functionality. Here, we focus on flow cytometric approaches to characterize free as well as cell bound EVs and address potential differences in the bioactivity of EVs derived from stem cells from different sources. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Mushahary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Saulite L, Dapkute D, Pleiko K, Popena I, Steponkiene S, Rotomskis R, Riekstina U. Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1218-1230. [PMID: 28685122 PMCID: PMC5480321 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug design offers new possibilities for the use of nanoparticles in imaging and targeted therapy of tumours. Due to their tumour-homing ability, nano-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be utilized as vectors to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles into a tumour. In the present study, uptake and functional effects of carboxyl-coated quantum dots QD655 were studied in human skin MSCs. The effect of QD on MSCs was examined using a cell viability assay, Ki67 expression analysis, and tri-lineage differentiation assay. The optimal conditions for QD uptake in MSCs were determined using flow cytometry. The QD uptake route in MSCs was examined via fluorescence imaging using endocytosis inhibitors for the micropinocytosis, phagocytosis, lipid-raft, clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis pathways. These data showed that QDs were efficiently accumulated in the cytoplasm of MSCs after incubation for 6 h. The main uptake route of QDs in skin MSCs was clathrin-mediated endocytosis. QDs were mainly localized in early endosomes after 6 h as well as in late endosomes and lysosomes after 24 h. QDs in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 64 nM had no effect on cell viability and proliferation. The expression of MSC markers, CD73 and CD90, and hematopoietic markers, CD34 and CD45, as well as the ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes, were not altered in the presence of QDs. We observed a decrease in the QD signal from labelled MSCs over time that could partly reflect QD excretion. Altogether, these data suggest that QD-labelled MSCs could be used for targeted drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Saulite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, LV-1586, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dominyka Dapkute
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio Street 3b, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karlis Pleiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, LV-1586, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ineta Popena
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, LV-1586, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simona Steponkiene
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio Street 3b, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ricardas Rotomskis
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio Street 3b, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laser research center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 9, corp. 3, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, LV-1586, Riga, Latvia
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Ge W, Cheng SF, Dyce PW, De Felici M, Shen W. Skin-derived stem cells as a source of primordial germ cell- and oocyte-like cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2471. [PMID: 27831564 PMCID: PMC5260893 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a unique organ that contains a variety of stem cells for the maintenance of skin homeostasis and the repair of skin tissues following injury and disease. Skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of stem cells generated in vitro from dermis, which can be cultured as spherical aggregates of cells in suspension culture. Under certain in vitro or in vivo conditions, SDSCs show multipotency and can generate a variety of neural, mesodermal, and endodermal cell types such as neurons, glia, fibroblasts, adipocytes, muscle cells, chondroblasts, osteoblats, and islet β-cell-like cells. SDSCs are likely derived from multipotent stem cells located in the hair follicles that are, in turn, derived from embryonic migratory neural crest or mesoderm cells. During the past decade, a wave of reports have shown that germ cells can be generated from various types of stem cells. It has been shown that SDSCs are able to produce primordial germ cell-like cells in vitro, and even oocyte-like cells (OLCs). Whether these germ cell-like cells (GCLCs) can give rise to viable progeny remains, however, unknown. In this review, we will discuss the origin and characteristics of SDSCs from which the GCLC are derived, the possible mechanisms of this differentiation process, and finally the prospective biomedical applications of the SDSC-derived GCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Yang RH, Qi SH, Ruan SB, Lin ZP, Lin Y, Zhang FG, Chen XD, Xie JL. EGFL7-overexpressing epidermal stem cells promotes fibroblast proliferation and migration via mediating cell adhesion and strengthening cytoskeleton. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:1-8. [PMID: 27766530 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family members mediate a wide range of biological activities including cell proliferation and migration. Increasing evidence indicated that EGF plays an important role in the process of wound healing by stimulating fibroblast motility. The aim of this study was to see whether EGF-like domain 7 (EGFL7)-overexpressing epidermal stem cells (EGFL7-ESCs) would promote fibroblast proliferation and migration. We found that mRNA and protein levels of EGFL7 expression were significantly increased in EGFL7-ESCs. The protein expression of EGFL7 was significantly elevated in conditioned media (CM) of EGFL7-ESCs compared to ESCs CM or vector-ESCs CM. The cell count and cell viability of EGFL7-ESCs CM-treated fibroblasts were also significantly increased compared to control. In addition, EGFL7-ESCs CM-treated fibroblasts showed elevated migration compared with control. Moreover, the expressions of β1-integrin, β-tubulin, β-actin, and Vimentin were increased, while that of E-cadherin was decreased in EGFL7-ESCs CM-treated fibroblasts. These results indicate that EGFL7-ESCs contribute towards promoting fibroblast migration through enhancing cell adhesion, strengthening cytoskeleton, and reducing intercellular aggregation. These findings suggest that the stimulating effect of EGFL7-ESCs on fibroblast proliferation and migration may provide a useful strategy for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Hai Qi
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Bin Ruan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Peng Lin
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Gang Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ju-Lin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Subpopulations: Application for Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3187491. [PMID: 27725838 PMCID: PMC5048051 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3187491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) continues to progress rapidly. Nevertheless, the field faces several challenges, such as inherent cell heterogeneity and the absence of unique MSCs markers. Due to MSCs' ability to differentiate into multiple tissues, these cells represent a promising tool for new cell-based therapies. However, for tissue engineering applications, it is critical to start with a well-defined cell population. Additionally, evidence that MSCs subpopulations may also feature distinct characteristics and regeneration potential has arisen. In this report, we present an overview of the identification of MSCs based on the expression of several surface markers and their current tissue sources. We review the use of MSCs subpopulations in recent years and the main methodologies that have addressed their isolation, and we emphasize the most-used surface markers for selection, isolation, and characterization. Next, we discuss the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation from MSCs subpopulations. We conclude that MSCs subpopulation selection is not a minor concern because each subpopulation has particular potential for promoting the differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The accurate selection of the subpopulation advances possibilities suitable for preclinical and clinical studies and determines the safest and most efficacious regeneration process.
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Akpancar S, Tatar O, Turgut H, Akyildiz F, Ekinci S. The Current Perspectives of Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopedic Surgery. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2016; 5:e37976. [PMID: 28144608 PMCID: PMC5253188 DOI: 10.5812/atr.37976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Musculoskeletal injuries may be painful, troublesome, life limiting and also one of the global health problems. There has been considerable amount of interest during the past two decades to stem cells and tissue engineering techniques in orthopedic surgery, especially to manage special and compulsive injuries within the musculoskeletal system. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The aim of this study was to present a literature review regarding the most recent progress in stem cell procedures and current indications in orthopedics clinical care practice. The Medline and PubMed library databases were searched for the articles related with stem cell procedures in the field of orthopedic surgery and additionally the reference list of each article was also included to provide a comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS Various sources of stem cells have been studied for orthopedics clinical care practice. Stem cell therapy has successfully used for major orthopedic procedures in terms of bone-joint injuries (fractures-bone defects, nonunion, and spinal injuries), osteoarthritis-cartilage defects, ligament-tendon injuries, femoral head osteonecrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Stem cells have also used in bone tissue engineering in combining with the scaffolds and provided faster and better healing of tissues. CONCLUSIONS Large amounts of preclinical studies have been made of stem cells and there is an increasing interest to perform these studies within the human population but preclinical studies are insufficient; therefore, much more and efficient studies should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Akpancar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gulhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Serkan Akpancar, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gulhane Military Medicine Academy, Ankara, Turkey. Tel: +90-5443229700, Fax: +90-3124045500, E-mail:
| | - Oner Tatar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Air Force Academy Kasımpaşa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turgut
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bursa Military Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Faruk Akyildiz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gulhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safak Ekinci
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Agri Military Hospital, Agri, Turkey
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Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Cheng KW, Chan PPY, Yeo LY. Acoustically-driven thread-based tuneable gradient generators. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2820-2828. [PMID: 27334420 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thread-based microfluidics offer a simple, easy to use, low-cost, disposable and biodegradable alternative to conventional microfluidic systems. While it has recently been shown that such thread networks facilitate manipulation of fluid samples including mixing, flow splitting and the formation of concentration gradients, the passive capillary transport of fluid through the thread does not allow for precise control due to the random orientation of cellulose fibres that make up the thread, nor does it permit dynamic manipulation of the flow. Here, we demonstrate the use of high frequency sound waves driven from a chip-scale device that drives rapid, precise and uniform convective transport through the thread network. In particular, we show that it is not only possible to generate a stable and continuous concentration gradient in a serial dilution and recombination network, but also one that can be dynamically tuned, which cannot be achieved solely with passive capillary transport. Additionally, we show a proof-of-concept in which such spatiotemporal gradient generation can be achieved with the entire thread network embedded in a three-dimensional hydrogel construct to more closely mimic the in vivo tissue microenvironment in microfluidic chemotaxis studies and cell culture systems, which is then employed to demonstrate the effect of such gradients on the proliferation of cells within the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) accelerate diabetic wound healing via the Notch signalling pathway. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160034. [PMID: 27129289 PMCID: PMC4974596 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) accelerate diabetic wound healing via the Notch signalling pathway. Chronic, non-healing wounds are a major complication of diabetes. Recently, various cell therapies have been reported for promotion of diabetic wound healing. Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are considered a powerful tool for tissue therapy. However, the effect and the mechanism of the therapeutic properties of ESCs in the diabetic wound healing are unclear. Herein, to determine the ability of ESCs to diabetic wound healing, a dorsal skin defect in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) mouse model was used. ESCs were isolated from mouse skin. We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of a Notch ligand Jagged1 (Jag1), Notch1 and Notch target gene Hairy Enhancer of Split-1 (Hes1) were significantly increased at the wound margins. In addition, we observed that Jag1 was high expressed in ESCs. Overexpression of Jag1 promotes ESCs migration, whereas knockdown Jag1 resulted in a significant reduction in ESCs migration in vitro. Importantly, Jag1 overexpression improves diabetic wound healing in vivo. These results provide evidence that ESCs accelerate diabetic wound healing via the Notch signalling pathway, and provide a promising potential for activation of the Notch pathway for the treatment of diabetic wound.
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