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Cohen JR, Brych SR, Prabhu S, Bi V, Elbaradei A, Tokuda JM, Xiang C, Hokom M, Cui X, Ly C, Amos N, Sun J, Calamba D, Herskovitz J, Capili A, Nourbakhsh K, Merlo A, Carreon J, Wypych J, Narhi LO, Jawa V, Joubert MK. A High Threshold of Biotherapeutic Aggregate Numbers is Needed to Induce an Immunogenic Response In Vitro, In Vivo, and in the Clinic. Pharm Res 2024; 41:651-672. [PMID: 38519817 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is concern that subvisible aggregates in biotherapeutic drug products pose a risk to patient safety. We investigated the threshold of biotherapeutic aggregates needed to induce immunogenic responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Highly aggregated samples were tested in cell-based assays and induced cellular responses in a manner that depended on the number of particles. The threshold of immune activation varied by disease state (cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, allergy), concomitant therapies, and particle number. Compared to healthy donors, disease state patients showed an equal or lower response at the late phase (7 days), suggesting they may not have a higher risk of responding to aggregates. Xeno-het mice were used to assess the threshold of immune activation in vivo. Although highly aggregated samples (~ 1,600,000 particles/mL) induced a weak and transient immunogenic response in mice, a 100-fold dilution of this sample (~ 16,000 particles/mL) did not induce immunogenicity. To confirm this result, subvisible particles (up to ~ 18,000 particles/mL, containing aggregates and silicone oil droplets) produced under representative administration practices (created upon infusion of a drug product through an IV catheter) did not induce a response in cell-based assays or appear to increase the rate of adverse events or immunogenicity during phase 3 clinical trials. CONCLUSION The ability of biotherapeutic aggregates to elicit an immune response in vitro, in vivo, and in the clinic depends on high numbers of particles. This suggests that there is a high threshold for aggregates to induce an immunogenic response which is well beyond that seen in standard biotherapeutic drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Cohen
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
| | - Stephen R Brych
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Siddharth Prabhu
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Vivian Bi
- The Department of Biosimilars, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Ahmed Elbaradei
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Joshua M Tokuda
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Cathie Xiang
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Martha Hokom
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Claudia Ly
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Nathan Amos
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jilin Sun
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Dominador Calamba
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Allyson Capili
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Kimya Nourbakhsh
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Anthony Merlo
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Julia Carreon
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jette Wypych
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Linda O Narhi
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
- Department of Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Marisa K Joubert
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
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Chua R, Wang L, Singaraja R, Ghosh S. Functional and Multi-Omics Effects of an Optimized CRISPR-Mediated FURIN Depletion in U937 Monocytes. Cells 2024; 13:588. [PMID: 38607027 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The pro-protein convertase FURIN (PCSK3) is implicated in a wide range of normal and pathological biological processes such as infectious diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we performed a systemic inhibition of FURIN in a mouse model of atherosclerosis and demonstrated significant plaque reduction and alterations in macrophage function. To understand the cellular mechanisms affected by FURIN inhibition in myeloid cells, we optimized a CRISPR-mediated gene deletion protocol for successfully deriving hemizygous (HZ) and nullizygous (NZ) FURIN knockout clones in U937 monocytic cells using lipotransfection-based procedures and a dual guide RNA delivery strategy. We observed differences in monocyte and macrophage functions involving phagocytosis, lipid accumulation, cell migration, inflammatory gene expression, cytokine release patterns, secreted proteomics (cytokines) and whole-genome transcriptomics between wild-type, HZ and NZ FURIN clones. These studies provide a mechanistic basis on the possible roles of myeloid cell FURIN in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Chua
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lijin Wang
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Roshni Singaraja
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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3
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Agbemavor WSK, Buys EM. Dynamic Interactions between Diarrhoeagenic Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Presumptive Probiotic Bacteria: Implications for Gastrointestinal Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2942. [PMID: 38138086 PMCID: PMC10745617 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the temporal dynamics of bacterial interactions in the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on how probiotic strains and pathogenic bacteria influence each other and human health. This research explores adhesion, competitive exclusion, displacement, and inhibition of selected diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (D-EAEC) and potential probiotic strains under various conditions. Key findings reveal that adhesion is time-dependent, with both D-EAEC K2 and probiotic L. plantarum FS2 showing increased adhesion over time. Surprisingly, L. plantarum FS2 outperformed D-EAEC K2 in adhesion and exhibited competitive exclusion and displacement, with inhibition of adhesion surpassing competitive exclusion. This highlights probiotics' potential to slow pathogen attachment when not in competition. Pre-infecting with L. plantarum FS2 before pathogenic infection effectively inhibited adhesion, indicating probiotics' ability to prevent pathogen attachment. Additionally, adhesion correlated strongly with interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, linking it to the host's inflammatory response. Conversely, IL-8 secretion negatively correlated with trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), suggesting a connection between tight junction disruption and increased inflammation. These insights offer valuable knowledge about the temporal dynamics of gut bacteria interactions and highlight probiotics' potential in competitive exclusion and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, contributing to strategies for maintaining gastrointestinal health and preventing infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom Selorm Kofi Agbemavor
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Radiation Technology Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 80, Ghana
| | - Elna Maria Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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4
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Zhang F, Yang D, Li J, Du C, Sun X, Li W, Liu F, Yang Y, Li Y, Fu L, Li R, Zhang CX. Synaptotagmin-11 regulates immune functions of microglia in vivo. J Neurochem 2023; 167:680-695. [PMID: 37924268 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways mediate key microglial activities such as cell migration, cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Previously, we found that synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), a non-Ca2+ -binding Syt associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia, inhibits cytokine release and phagocytosis in primary microglia. Here we reported the in vivo function of Syt11 in microglial immune responses using an inducible microglia-specific Syt11-conditional-knockout (cKO) mouse strain. Syt11-cKO resulted in activation of microglia and elevated mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS in various brain regions under both resting state and LPS-induced acute inflammation state in adult mice. In a PD mouse model generated by microinjection of preformed α-synuclein fibrils into the striatum, a reduced number of microglia migrated toward the injection sites and an enhanced phagocytosis of α-synuclein fibrils by microglia were found in Syt11-cKO mice. To understand the molecular mechanism of Syt11 function, we identified its direct binding proteins vps10p-tail-interactor-1a (vti1a) and vti1b. The linker domain of Syt11 interacted with both proteins and a peptide derived from it competitively inhibited the interaction of Syt11 with vti1a/vti1b in vitro and in cells. Importantly, application of this peptide induced more cytokine secretion in wild-type microglia upon LPS treatment, phenocopying defects in Syt11 knockdown cells. Altogether, we propose that Syt11 inhibits microglial activation in vivo and regulates cytokine secretion through interactions with vti1a and vti1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuilian Du
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanru Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rena Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Claire Xi Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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Li S, Chen D, Guo H, Yang Y, Liu D, Yang C, Bai X, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zhao G, Tu X, Peng L, Liu S, Song Y, Jiang Z, Zhang R, Yu J, Tian W. IMM47, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD24, exhibits exceptional anti-tumor efficacy by blocking the CD24/Siglec-10 interaction and can be used as monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD1 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Antib Ther 2023; 6:240-252. [PMID: 37846296 PMCID: PMC10576855 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the anti-tumor mechanism of IMM47, a humanized anti-CD24 mAb. Biolayer interferometry, ELISA and flow cytometry methods were used to measure the IMM47 binding, affinity, ADCC, ADCP, ADCT and CDC activities. In vivo therapeutical efficacy was measured in transplanted mouse models. IMM47 significantly binds granulocytes but not human erythrocytes and blocks CD24's ability to bind to Siglec-10. IMM47 has strong ADCC, ADCT and ADCP activity against REH cells. IMM47's in vivo pharmacodynamics showed that IMM47 has strong anti-tumor effects in human siglec-10 transgenic mouse models with a memory immune response. IMM47 also has powerful synergistic therapeutic efficacy when combined with Tislelizumab, Opdivo and Keytruda, by blocking CD24/Siglec-10 interaction through macrophage antigen presentation with strong ADCC, ADCP, ADCT and CDC activities and with a safe profile. IMM47 binding to CD24 is independent of N-glycosylation modification of the extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dianze Chen
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Bai
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Zhang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui Zhao
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoping Tu
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Peng
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
| | - Ruliang Zhang
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng 475004 Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
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Riekstina U, Vitolina S, Goluba K, Jekabsons K, Muceniece R, Berzins R, Rizhikovs J, Godina D, Teresko A, Paze A. Effect of Betulin Colloidal Particles on Proliferation and Cytokine Secretion of Human Skin Fibroblasts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3088. [PMID: 37687335 PMCID: PMC10490372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to obtain untreated and treated betulin colloidal particles and assess their effect on the viability, morphology, proliferation and cytokine secretion of human dermal fibroblasts. To improve bioavailability, betulin treatment was performed by an antisolvent precipitation technique. The average particle size after treatment in the aqueous dispersion decreased from 552.9 ± 11.3 to 278.2 ± 1.6 nm. Treated betulin colloidal particles showed no cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 400 µg·mL-1 in the colorimetric tetrazolium salt viability test (CCK-8). Moreover, the cell morphology was not changed in the presence of betulin colloidal particles at a concentration range from 0.78 to 400 µg·mL-1. The obtained results also show that betulin particles induce the secretion of the proinflammatory and angiogenesis-stimulating cytokine IL-8. However, further studies would be required to clarify the mechanism of IL-8 secretion induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Sanita Vitolina
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Karina Goluba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudolfs Berzins
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Janis Rizhikovs
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Godina
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Aigars Paze
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
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Portmann K, Linder A, Oelgarth N, Eyer K. Single-cell deep phenotyping of cytokine release unmasks stimulation-specific biological signatures and distinct secretion dynamics. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100502. [PMID: 37533643 PMCID: PMC10391336 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are important mediators of the immune system, and their secretion level needs to be carefully regulated, as an unbalanced activity may lead to cytokine release syndromes. Dysregulation can be induced by various factors, including immunotherapies. Therefore, the need for risk assessment during drug development has led to the introduction of cytokine release assays (CRAs). However, the current CRAs offer little insight into the heterogeneous cellular dynamics. To overcome this limitation, we developed an advanced single-cell microfluidic-based cytokine secretion platform to quantify cytokine secretion on the single-cell level dynamically. Our approach identified different dynamics, quantities, and phenotypically distinct subpopulations for each measured cytokine upon stimulation. Most interestingly, early measurements after only 1 h of stimulation revealed distinct stimulation-dependent secretion dynamics and cytokine signatures. With increased sensitivity and dynamic resolution, our platform provided insights into the secretion behavior of individual immune cells, adding crucial additional information about biological stimulation pathways to traditional CRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Portmann
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Linder
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Oelgarth
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Porporati AA, Mödinger Y, Fischer S, Polajžer S, Mettang M, Deisinger U, Podlogar M, Trebše R, Lovšin N. Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Ceramic Wear Particles Do Not Elicit Inflammatory Responses in Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076482. [PMID: 37047454 PMCID: PMC10095128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten percent of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) require revision surgery. One of the reasons for THA are wear particles released from the implants that can activate the immune defense and cause osteolysis and failure of the joint implant. The discrepancies between reports on toxicity and immunogenicity of the implant materials led us to this study in which we compared toxicity and immunogenicity of well-defined nanoparticles from Al2O3, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA), and cobalt chrome (CoCr), a human THP-1 macrophage cell line, human PBMCs, and therefrom-derived primary macrophages. None of the tested materials decreased the viability of THP-1 macrophages nor human primary macrophages at the 24 h time point, indicating that at concentrations from 0.05 to 50 µm3/cell the tested materials are non-toxic. Forty-eight hours of treatment of THP-1 macrophages with 5 µm3/cell of CoCr and Al2O3 caused 8.3-fold and 4.6-fold increases in TNF-α excretion, respectively, which was not observed for ZTA. The comparison between THP-1 macrophages and human primary macrophages revealed that THP-1 macrophages show higher activation of cytokine expression in the presence of CoCr and Al2O3 particles than primary macrophages. Our results indicate that ZTA is a non-toxic implant material with no immunogenic effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alan Porporati
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yvonne Mödinger
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Medizintechnik, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sara Polajžer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Melanie Mettang
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Deisinger
- Medical Products Division, CeramTec GmbH, 73207 Plochingen, Germany
| | | | - Rihard Trebše
- Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Lovšin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gunne S, Schwerdtner M, Henke M, Schneider AK, Keutmann L, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Schiffmann S. TMPRSS2 Impacts Cytokine Expression in Murine Dendritic Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020419. [PMID: 36830955 PMCID: PMC9952936 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) proteolytically activates the envelope proteins of several viruses for viral entry via membrane fusion and is therefore an interesting and promising target for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals. However, the use of a host protein as a target may lead to potential side effects, especially on the immune system. We examined the effect of a genetic deletion of TMPRSS2 on dendritic cells. METHODS Bone marrow cells from wild-type (WT) and TMPRSS2-deficient mice (TMPRSS2-/-) were differentiated to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and classical DCs (cDCs) and activated with various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. We analyzed the released cytokines and the mRNA expression of chemokine receptors, TLR7, TLR9, IRF7 and TCF4 stimulation. RESULTS In cDCs, the lack of TMPRSS2 led to an increase in IL12 and IFNγ in TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod or TLR 9 agonist ODN 1668-activated cells. Only IL-10 was reduced in TMPRSS2-/- cells in comparison to WT cells activated with ODN 1668. In resiquimod-activated pDCs, the lack of TMPRSS2 led to a decrease in IL-6, IL-10 and INFγ. ODN 1668 activation led to a reduction in IFNα. The effect on receptor expression in pDCs and cDCs was low. CONCLUSION The effect of TMPRSS2 on pDCS and cDCs depends on the activated TLR, and TMPRSS2 seems to affect cytokine release differently in pDCs and cDCs. In cDCs, TMPRSS2 seems to suppress cytokine release, whereas in pDCS TMPRSS2 possibly mediates cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gunne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69870025073
| | - Marie Schwerdtner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lucas Keutmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Corraliza-Gomez M, Bendito B, Sandonis-Camarero D, Mondejar-Duran J, Villa M, Poncela M, Valero J, Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. Dual role of Apolipoprotein D as long-term instructive factor and acute signal conditioning microglial secretory and phagocytic responses. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1112930. [PMID: 36779011 PMCID: PMC9908747 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are recognized as very dynamic brain cells, screening the environment and sensitive to signals from all other cell types in health and disease. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a lipid-binding protein of the Lipocalin family, is required for nervous system optimal function and proper development and maintenance of key neural structures. ApoD has a cell and state-dependent expression in the healthy nervous system, and increases its expression upon aging, damage or neurodegeneration. An extensive overlap exists between processes where ApoD is involved and those where microglia have an active role. However, no study has analyzed the role of ApoD in microglial responses. In this work, we test the hypothesis that ApoD, as an extracellular signal, participates in the intercellular crosstalk sensed by microglia and impacts their responses upon physiological aging or damaging conditions. We find that a significant proportion of ApoD-dependent aging transcriptome are microglia-specific genes, and show that lack of ApoD in vivo dysregulates microglial density in mouse hippocampus in an age-dependent manner. Murine BV2 and primary microglia do not express ApoD, but it can be internalized and targeted to lysosomes, where unlike other cell types it is transiently present. Cytokine secretion profiles and myelin phagocytosis reveal that ApoD has both long-term pre-conditioning effects on microglia as well as acute effects on these microglial immune functions, without significant modification of cell survival. ApoD-triggered cytokine signatures are stimuli (paraquat vs. Aβ oligomers) and sex-dependent. Acute exposure to ApoD induces microglia to switch from their resting state to a secretory and less phagocytic phenotype, while long-term absence of ApoD leads to attenuated cytokine induction and increased myelin uptake, supporting a role for ApoD as priming or immune training factor. This knowledge should help to advance our understanding of the complex responses of microglia during aging and neurodegeneration, where signals received along our lifespan are combined with damage-triggered acute signals, conditioning both beneficial roles and limitations of microglial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Corraliza-Gomez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bendito
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Sandonis-Camarero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mondejar-Duran
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Villa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Poncela
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain,Diego Sanchez,
| | - Maria D. Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, University of Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain,*Correspondence: Maria D. Ganfornina, ,
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Golovacheva EG, Starikova EA, Kudryavtseva TA, Apryatina VA. The Effect of Drugs with α-Glutamyl-Tryptophan for Cytokine Secretion and Level of Surface Molecule ICAM-1 In Vitro. Cell tissue biol 2023; 17:146-152. [PMID: 37131521 PMCID: PMC10134718 DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x23020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of immunomodulatory drugs is important for substantiating their therapeutic effect. In the present work, spontaneous and TNFα-induced secretion of IL-1α and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the level of the ICAM-1 adhesion molecule in EA.hy 926 endothelial cell culture and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors, is studied using an in vitro model of inflammation in the presence of α-glutamyl-tryptophan (α-Glu-Trp) and Cytovir-3. The aim was to evaluate cellular mechanisms mediating the immunomodulatory effect of α-Glu-Trp and Cytovir-3 drugs. It was shown that α-Glu-Trp reduced TNFα-induced IL-1α production and increased TNFα-stimulated level of the ICAM-1 surface molecule of endothelial cells. At the same time, the drug reduced secretion of the IL-8 cytokine induced by TNFα and increased the spontaneous level of ICAM-1 in mononuclear cells. Cytovir-3 had an activating effect on EA.hy 926 endothelial cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. In its presence, there was an increase in the spontaneous secretion of IL-8 by endothelial and mononuclear cells. In addition, Cytovir-3 increased the level of TNFα-induced ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and increased the spontaneous level of this surface molecule on mononuclear cells. Suppression of stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines under the action of α-Glu-Trp both separately and as a part of Cytovir-3 may determine its anti-inflammatory properties. However, an increased level of the surface ICAM-1 molecule indicates mechanisms that enhance the functional activity of these cells, which is equally important for the implementation of an effective immune response to infection and repair of damaged tissues during inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Golovacheva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. A. Starikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Northwest Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Immunology, First Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T. A. Kudryavtseva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Northwest Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Apryatina
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia
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12
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von Mücke-Heim IA, Martin J, Uhr M, Ries C, Deussing JM. The human P2X7 receptor alters microglial morphology and cytokine secretion following immunomodulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148190. [PMID: 37101546 PMCID: PMC10123291 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, purinergic signaling via the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) on microglia has repeatedly been implicated in depression genesis. However, it remains unclear which role the human P2X7R (hP2X7R) plays in regulating both microglia morphology and cytokine secretion upon different environmental and immune stimuli, respectively. Methods: For this purpose, we used primary microglial cultures derived from a humanized microglia-specific conditional P2X7R knockout mouse line to emulate different gene-environment interactions between microglial hP2X7R and molecular proxies of psychosocial and pathogen-derived immune stimuli. Microglial cultures were subjected to treatments with the agonists 2'(3')-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) combined with specific P2X7R antagonists (JNJ-47965567, A-804598). Results: Morphotyping revealed overall high baseline activation due to the in vitro conditions. Both BzATP and LPS + BzATP treatment increased round/ameboid microglia and decreased polarized and ramified morphotypes. This effect was stronger in hP2X7R-proficient (CTRL) compared to knockout (KO) microglia. Aptly, we found antagonism with JNJ-4796556 and A-804598 to reduce round/ameboid microglia and increase complex morphologies only in CTRL but not KO microglia. Single cell shape descriptor analysis confirmed the morphotyping results. Compared to KO microglia, hP2X7R-targeted stimulation in CTRLs led to a more pronounced increase in microglial roundness and circularity along with an overall higher decrease in aspect ratio and shape complexity. JNJ-4796556 and A-804598, on the other hand, led to opposite dynamics. In KO microglia, similar trends were observed, yet the magnitude of responses was much smaller. Parallel assessment of 10 cytokines demonstrated the proinflammatory properties of hP2X7R. Following LPS + BzATP stimulation, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα levels were found to be higher and IL-4 levels lower in CTRL than in KO cultures. Vice versa, hP2X7R antagonists reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels and increased IL-4 secretion. Discussion: Taken together, our results help disentangle the complex function of microglial hP2X7R downstream of various immune stimuli. In addition, this is the first study in a humanized, microglia-specific in vitro model identifying a so far unknown potential link between microglial hP2X7R function and IL-27 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Martin
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Core Unit Analytics and Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Ries
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan M. Deussing,
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Tischer-Zimmermann S, Salzer E, Bitencourt T, Frank N, Hoffmann-Freimüller C, Stemberger J, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Blasczyk R, Witt V, Fritsch G, Paster W, Lion T, Eiz-Vesper B, Geyeregger R. Rapid and sustained T cell-based immunotherapy against invasive fungal disease via a combined two step procedure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:988947. [PMID: 37090716 PMCID: PMC10114046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.988947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp) infections constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the context of insufficient host immunity, antifungal drugs show only limited efficacy. Faster and increased T-cell reconstitution correlated with a favorable outcome and a cell-based therapy approach strongly indicated successful clearance of fungal infections. Nevertheless, complex and cost- or time-intensive protocols hampered their implementation into clinical application. Methods To facilitate the clinical-scale manufacturing process of Aspergillus fumigatus-specific T cells (ATCs) and to enable immediate (within 24 hours) and sustained (12 days later) treatment of patients with invasive aspergillosis (IA), we adapted and combined two complementary good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant approaches, i) the direct magnetic enrichment of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreting ATCs using the small-scale Cytokine Secretion Assay (CSA) and ii) a short-term in vitro T-cell culture expansion (STE), respectively. We further compared stimulation with two standardized and commercially available products: Asp-lysate and a pool of overlapping peptides derived from different Asp-proteins (PepMix). Results For the fast CSA-based approach we detected IFN-γ+ ATCs after Asp-lysate- as well as PepMix-stimulation but with a significantly higher enrichment efficiency for stimulation with the Asp-lysate when compared to the PepMix. In contrast, the STE approach resulted in comparably high ATC expansion rates by using Asp-lysate or PepMix. Independent of the stimulus, predominantly CD4+ helper T cells with a central-memory phenotype were expanded while CD8+ T cells mainly showed an effector-memory phenotype. ATCs were highly functional and cytotoxic as determined by secretion of granzyme-B and IFN-γ. Discussion For patients with IA, the immediate adoptive transfer of IFN-γ+ ATCs followed by the administration of short-term in vitro expanded ATCs from the same donor, might be a promising therapeutic option to improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Salzer
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Nelli Frank
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julia Stemberger
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Witt
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Fritsch
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Lion
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Britta Eiz-Vesper,
| | - René Geyeregger
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Seth A, Mittal E, Luan J, Kolla S, Mazer MB, Joshi H, Gupta R, Rathi P, Wang Z, Morrissey JJ, Ernst JD, Portal-Celhay C, Morley SC, Philips JA, Singamaneni S. High-resolution imaging of protein secretion at the single-cell level using plasmon-enhanced FluoroDOT assay. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100267. [PMID: 36046626 PMCID: PMC9421537 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins mediate essential physiological processes. With conventional assays, it is challenging to map the spatial distribution of proteins secreted by single cells, to study cell-to-cell heterogeneity in secretion, or to detect proteins of low abundance or incipient secretion. Here, we introduce the "FluoroDOT assay," which uses an ultrabright nanoparticle plasmonic-fluor that enables high-resolution imaging of protein secretion. We find that plasmonic-fluors are 16,000-fold brighter, with nearly 30-fold higher signal-to-noise compared with conventional fluorescence labels. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging of different secreted cytokines in the single-plexed and spectrally multiplexed FluoroDOT assay that revealed cellular heterogeneity in secretion of multiple proteins simultaneously. Using diverse biochemical stimuli, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and a variety of immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and DC-T cell co-culture, we demonstrate that the assay is versatile, facile, and widely adaptable for enhancing biological understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of single-cell secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Seth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Auragent Bioscience, LLC, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ekansh Mittal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jingyi Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Samhitha Kolla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Monty B. Mazer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Priya Rathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Cynthia Portal-Celhay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Philips
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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15
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Zymovets V, Razghonova Y, Rakhimova O, Aripaka K, Manoharan L, Kelk P, Landström M, Romani Vestman N. Combined Transcriptomic and Protein Array Cytokine Profiling of Human Stem Cells from Dental Apical Papilla Modulated by Oral Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5098. [PMID: 35563488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) are a promising resource for use in regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) that may be adversely affected by oral bacteria, which in turn can exert an effect on the success of RET. Our work aims to study the cytokine profile of SCAP upon exposure to oral bacteria and their supernatants—Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis—as well as to establish their effect on the osteogenic and immunogenic potentials of SCAP. Further, we target the presence of key proteins of the Wnt/β-Catenin, TGF-β, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which play a crucial role in adult osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, using the Western blot (WB) technique. The membrane-based sandwich immunoassay and transcriptomic analysis showed that, under the influence of F. nucleatum (both bacteria and supernatant), the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 occurred, which was also confirmed at the mRNA level. Conversely, E. faecalis reduced the secretion of the aforementioned cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels. WB analysis showed that SCAP co-cultivation with E. faecalis led to a decrease in the level of the key proteins of the Wnt/β-Catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways: β-Catenin (p = 0.0068 *), LRP-5 (p = 0.0059 **), and LRP-6 (p = 0.0329 *), as well as NF-kB (p = 0.0034 **) and TRAF6 (p = 0.0285 *). These results suggest that oral bacteria can up- and downregulate the immune and inflammatory responses of SCAP, as well as influence the osteogenic potential of SCAP, which may negatively regulate the success of RET.
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16
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Wang B, Zhou C, Wu Q, Lin P, Pu Q, Qin S, Gao P, Wang Z, Liu Y, Arel J, Chen Y, Chen T, Wu M. cGAS modulates cytokine secretion and bacterial burdens by altering the release of mitochondrial DNA in Pseudomonas pulmonary infection. Immunology 2022; 166:408-423. [PMID: 35420160 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is essential for fighting against viruses and bacteria, but how cGAS is involved in host immune response remains largely elusive. Here, we uncover the crucial role of cGAS in host immunity based on a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection model. cGAS-/- mice showed more heavy bacterial burdens and serious lung injury accompanied with exorbitant proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type mice. cGAS deficiency caused an accumulation of mitochondrial DNA in cytoplasm, which in turn induced excessive secretion of proinflammatory factors by activating inflammasome and TLR9 signaling. Mechanistically, cGAS deficiency inhibited the recruitment of LC3 by reducing the binding capacity of TBK-1 to p62, leading to impaired mitophagy and augmented release of mitochondrial DNA. Importantly, cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA also acted as a feedback signal that induced the activation of cGAS. Altogether, these findings identify protective and homeostasis functions of cGAS against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, adding significant insight into the pathogenesis of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jacob Arel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yanjiong Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Teng Chen
- Forensic Medicine College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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17
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Xie W, Shen J, Wang D, Guo J, Li Q, Wen S, Dai W, Wen L, Lu H, Fang J, Wang Z. Dynamic changes of exhaustion features in T cells during oral carcinogenesis. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13207. [PMID: 35179267 PMCID: PMC9055910 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the dynamic changes of exhaustion features in T cells during oral carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into 4NQO group and control group. The exhaustion features of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of both groups were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, multiplex immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of inhibitory receptors in human normal, dysplastic, and carcinogenesis tissues. Finally, anti-PD-1 antibody treatment was performed at the early premalignant phase of oral carcinogenesis. RESULTS The proportion of naive T cells in 4NQO group was lower than those in control group, while the proportion of effector memory T cells was higher in 4NQO group. The expression of inhibitory receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased gradually during carcinogenesis. In contrast, the secretion of cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased gradually with the progression stage. Strikingly, those changes occurred before the onset of oral carcinogenesis. The expression of inhibitory receptors on T cells increased gradually as the human tissues progressed from normal, dysplasia to carcinoma. Interestingly, PD-1 blockade at the early premalignant phase could reverse carcinogenesis progression by restoring T cell function. CONCLUSIONS T-cell dysfunction was established at the early premalignant phase of oral carcinogenesis; PD-1 blockade at the early premalignant phase can effectively reverse T-cell exhaustion features and then prevent carcinogenesis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xie
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineClinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPR China
| | - Dikan Wang
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Qunxing Li
- Department of StomatologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Shuqiong Wen
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Wenxiao Dai
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Liling Wen
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Huanzi Lu
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Juan Fang
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guanghua School of StomatologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyStomatological HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
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18
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Wang J, Hou H, Mao L, Wang F, Yu J, Luo Y, Lin Q, Sun Z. TIGIT Signaling Pathway Regulates Natural Killer Cell Function in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:816474. [PMID: 35265633 PMCID: PMC8898961 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.816474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Persistent infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver damage in immune active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) could be partly due to the overreaction of natural killer (NK) cells, including pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. An immunosuppressive receptor, T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine–based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT) is specifically expressed in NK cells. This study aims to investigate the role of the TIGIT signaling pathway in regulating NK cell functions in patients with CHB. Method We comparatively assessed the expression of TIGIT in NK cells of patients with immune active CHB (CHB-IA), carriers of immune control chronic HBV (CHB-IC), and healthy controls (HCs), and then explored mechanisms of the TIGIT signaling pathway in regulating NK cell-mediated liver injury by different molecular assessments. Result The expression of TIGIT in NK cells was enhanced in CHB-IC but was reduced in CHB-IA compared with the HC group. In patients with CHB-IA, the expression of TIGIT was inversely correlated with intensity of the liver damage. Moreover, TIGIT-NK cells show higher IFN-γ secretion capability, degranulation activity, and cytotoxicity but lower apoptosis than TIGIT+ NK cells. Blockade of the TIGIT pathway with anti-TIGIT antibody increased NK cell function, while activation of the TIGIT pathway with TIGIT Fc and CD155 Fc chimera protein down-regulated NK cell function. Conclusion Our data showed that the TIGIT signaling pathway participates in NK cell impairment, which could be used as a new therapeutic target to protect patients with chronic HBV infection from severe liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lie Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Nath AS, Parsons BD, Makdissi S, Chilvers RL, Mu Y, Weaver CM, Euodia I, Fitze KA, Long J, Scur M, Mackenzie DP, Makrigiannis AP, Pichaud N, Boudreau LH, Simmonds AJ, Webber CA, Derfalvi B, Hammon Y, Rachubinski RA, Di Cara F. Modulation of the cell membrane lipid milieu by peroxisomal β-oxidation induces Rho1 signaling to trigger inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110433. [PMID: 35235794 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses require changes in lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes have key roles in fatty acid homeostasis and in regulating immune function. We find that Drosophila macrophages lacking peroxisomes have perturbed lipid profiles, which reduce host survival after infection. Using lipidomic, transcriptomic, and genetic screens, we determine that peroxisomes contribute to the cell membrane glycerophospholipid composition necessary to induce Rho1-dependent signals, which drive cytoskeletal remodeling during macrophage activation. Loss of peroxisome function increases membrane phosphatidic acid (PA) and recruits RhoGAPp190 during infection, inhibiting Rho1-mediated responses. Peroxisome-glycerophospholipid-Rho1 signaling also controls cytoskeleton remodeling in mouse immune cells. While high levels of PA in cells without peroxisomes inhibit inflammatory phenotypes, large numbers of peroxisomes and low amounts of cell membrane PA are features of immune cells from patients with inflammatory Kawasaki disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Our findings reveal potential metabolic markers and therapeutic targets for immune diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu S Nath
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Chilvers
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yizhu Mu
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Ceileigh M Weaver
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Katherine A Fitze
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Juyang Long
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Duncan P Mackenzie
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Christine A Webber
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Beata Derfalvi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yannick Hammon
- INSERM au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | | | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
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20
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Bull D, Schweitzer C, Bichsel C, Britschgi M, Gutbier S. Generation of an hiPSC-Derived Co-Culture System to Assess the Effects of Neuroinflammation on Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Cells 2022; 11:419. [PMID: 35159229 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) regulates the interaction between the highly vulnerable central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral parts of the body. Disruption of the BBB has been associated with multiple neurological disorders, in which immune pathways in microglia are suggested to play a key role. Currently, many in vitro BBB model systems lack a physiologically relevant microglia component in order to address questions related to the mechanism of BBB integrity or the transport of molecules between the periphery and the CNS. To bridge this gap, we redefined a serum-free medium in order to allow for the successful co-culturing of human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived microglia and hiPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs) without influencing barrier properties as assessed by electrical resistance. We demonstrate that hiPSC-derived microglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) weaken the barrier integrity, which is associated with the secretion of several cytokines relevant in neuroinflammation. Consequently, here we provide a simplistic humanised BBB model of neuroinflammation that can be further extended (e.g., by addition of other cell types in a more complex 3D architecture) and applied for mechanistic studies and therapeutic compound profiling.
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21
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Shao X, Wang C, Wang C, Han L, Han Y, Nižetić D, Zhang Y, Han L. Mechanical Stress Induces a Transient Suppression of Cytokine Secretion in Astrocytes Assessed at the Single-Cell Level with a High-Throughput Microfluidic Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100698. [PMID: 34549544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain cells are constantly subjected to mechanical signals. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), which display immunoreactivity and have been suggested as an emerging disease focus in the recent years. However, how mechanical signals regulate astrocyte immunoreactivity, and the cytokine release in particular, remains to be fully characterized. Here, human neural stem cells are used to induce astrocytes, from which the release of 15 types of cytokines are screened, and nine of them are detected using a protein microfluidic chip. When a gentle compressive force is applied, altered cell morphology and reinforced cytoskeleton are observed. The force induces a transient suppression of cytokine secretions including IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-8 in the early astrocytes. Further, using a multiplexed single-cell culture and protein detection microfluidic chip, the mechanical effects at a single-cell level are analyzed, which validates a concerted downregulation by force on IL-6 and MCP-1 secretions in the cells releasing both factors. This work demonstrates an original attempt of employing the protein detection microfluidic chips in the assessment of mechanical regulation on the brain cells at a single-cell resolution, offering novel approach and unique insights for the understanding of the CNS immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
- Suzhou Research Institute Shandong University Suzhou 215123 China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 308232
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Yunrui Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Dean Nižetić
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 308232
- The Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London E1 2AT UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
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22
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Tiemeijer BM, Sweep MWD, Sleeboom JJF, Steps KJ, van Sprang JF, De Almeida P, Hammink R, Kouwer PHJ, Smits AIPM, Tel J. Probing Single-Cell Macrophage Polarization and Heterogeneity Using Thermo-Reversible Hydrogels in Droplet-Based Microfluidics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:715408. [PMID: 34722475 PMCID: PMC8552120 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.715408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immune cells intrinsically exist as heterogenous populations. To understand cellular heterogeneity, both cell culture and analysis should be executed with single-cell resolution to eliminate juxtacrine and paracrine interactions, as these can lead to a homogenized cell response, obscuring unique cellular behavior. Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a potent tool to culture and stimulate single cells at high throughput. However, when studying adherent cells at single-cell level, it is imperative to provide a substrate for the cells to adhere to, as suspension culture conditions can negatively affect biological function and behavior. Therefore, we combined a droplet-based microfluidic platform with a thermo-reversible polyisocyanide (PIC) hydrogel, which allowed for robust droplet formation at low temperatures, whilst ensuring catalyzer-free droplet gelation and easy cell recovery after culture for downstream analysis. With this approach, we probed the heterogeneity of highly adherent human macrophages under both pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 polarization conditions. We showed that co-encapsulation of multiple cells enhanced cell polarization compared to single cells, indicating that cellular communication is a potent driver of macrophage polarization. Additionally, we highlight that culturing single macrophages in PIC hydrogel droplets displayed higher cell viability and enhanced M2 polarization compared to single macrophages cultured in suspension. Remarkably, combining phenotypical and functional analysis on single cultured macrophages revealed a subset of cells in a persistent M1 state, which were undetectable in conventional bulk cultures. Taken together, combining droplet-based microfluidics with hydrogels is a versatile and powerful tool to study the biological function of adherent cell types at single-cell resolution with high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Tiemeijer
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M. W. D. Sweep
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. J. F. Sleeboom
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Microsystems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomechanics, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - K. J. Steps
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. F. van Sprang
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomechanics, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - P. De Almeida
- Department of System Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - R. Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P. H. J. Kouwer
- Department of System Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A. I. P. M. Smits
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Soft Tissue Engineering and Biomechanics, Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J. Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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23
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Zhou Y, Hann J, Schenten V, Plançon S, Bueb JL, Tolle F, Bréchard S. Role of S100A8/A9 for Cytokine Secretion, Revealed in Neutrophils Derived from ER-Hoxb8 Progenitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8845. [PMID: 34445548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A9, a Ca2+-binding protein, is tightly associated to neutrophil pro-inflammatory functions when forming a heterodimer with its S100A8 partner. Upon secretion into the extracellular environment, these proteins behave like damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, which actively participate in the amplification of the inflammation process by recruitment and activation of pro-inflammatory cells. Intracellular functions have also been attributed to the S100A8/A9 complex, notably its ability to regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation. However, the complete functional spectrum of S100A8/A9 at the intracellular level is far from being understood. In this context, we here investigated the possibility that the absence of intracellular S100A8/A9 is involved in cytokine secretion. To overcome the difficulty of genetically modifying neutrophils, we used murine neutrophils derived from wild-type and S100A9−/− Hoxb8 immortalized myeloid progenitors. After confirming that differentiated Hoxb8 neutrophil-like cells are a suitable model to study neutrophil functions, our data show that absence of S100A8/A9 led to a dysregulation of cytokine secretion after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that S100A8/A9-induced cytokine secretion was regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These results were confirmed in human differentiated HL-60 cells, in which S100A9 was inhibited by shRNAs. Finally, our results indicate that the degranulation process could be involved in the regulation of cytokine secretion by S100A8/A9.
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24
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Kelkar MG, Bargir UA, Malik-Yadav R, Gupta M, Dalvi A, Jodhawat N, Shinde S, Madkaikar MR. CD8 + T Cells Exhibit an Exhausted Phenotype in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1794-1803. [PMID: 34389889 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome mainly caused by uncontrolled activation of antigen presenting cells and CD8 T cells. CD8 T cell exhaustion is a known phenomenon in chronic viral infections and cancer. However, the role of T cell exhaustion is not yet identified in HLH in the background of persistent inflammation. So, currently, we have characterized the CD8 T cells using flow cytometry to understand the phenomenon of exhaustion in these cells in HLH. METHODS We have comprehensively evaluated lymphocyte subsets and characterized CD8 T cells using immunophenotypic markers like PD1, TIM3, LAG3, Ki67, Granzyme B, etc. in a cohort of 21 HLH patients. Effector cytokine secretion and degranulation by CD8 T cells are also studied. RESULTS Our findings indicate skewed lymphocyte subsets and aberrantly activated CD8 T cells in HLH. CD8 T cells exhibit significantly increased expression of PD1, TIM3, and LAG3 prominently in primary HLH as compared to controls. PD1 + CD8 T cells express elevated levels of Granzyme B and Ki67. Moreover, CD8 T cells are hypofunctional as evidenced by significantly reduced cytokine secretion and compromised CD107a degranulation. CONCLUSION The study has revealed that CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes from HLH patients exhibited high expression of exhaustion markers with overall impaired function. To the best of our understanding, this is the first report suggesting functional exhaustion of CD8 T cells in both primary and secondary HLH. Future studies to understand the association of exhaustion with disease outcome are needed for its probable therapeutic implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura G Kelkar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Umair Ahmad Bargir
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Reetika Malik-Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Maya Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Aparna Dalvi
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Neha Jodhawat
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Shweta Shinde
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Manisha R Madkaikar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), 13th Floor, NMS Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, , Mumbai, 400012, India.
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25
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Su SH, Song Y, Newstead MW, Cai T, Wu M, Stephens A, Singer BH, Kurabayashi K. Ultrasensitive Multiparameter Phenotyping of Rare Cells Using an Integrated Digital-Molecular-Counting Microfluidic Well Plate. Small 2021; 17:e2101743. [PMID: 34170616 PMCID: PMC8349899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated microfluidic cellular phenotyping platforms provide a promising means of studying a variety of inflammatory diseases mediated by cell-secreted cytokines. However, immunosensors integrated in previous microfluidic platforms lack the sensitivity to detect small signals in the cellular secretion of proinflammatory cytokines with high precision. This limitation prohibits researchers from studying cells secreting cytokines at low abundance or existing at a small population. Herein, the authors present an integrated platform named the "digital Phenoplate (dPP)," which integrates digital immunosensors into a microfluidic chip with on-chip cell assay chambers, and demonstrates ultrasensitive cellular cytokine secretory profile measurement. The integrated sensors yield a limit of detection as small as 0.25 pg mL-1 for mouse tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Each on-chip cell assay chamber confines cells whose population ranges from ≈20 to 600 in arrayed single-cell trapping microwells. Together, these microfluidic features of the dPP simultaneously permit precise counting and image-based cytometry of individual cells while performing parallel measurements of TNF-α released from rare cells under multiple stimulant conditions for multiple samples. The dPP platform is broadly applicable to the characterization of cellular phenotypes demanding high precision and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yujing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tao Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - MengXi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Stephens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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26
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Sharkeev YP, Komarova EG, Chebodaeva VV, Sedelnikova MB, Zakharenko AM, Golokhvast KS, Litvinova LS, Khaziakhmatova OG, Malashchenko VV, Yurova KA, Gazatova ND, Kozlov IG, Khlusova MY, Zaitsev KV, Khlusov IA. Amorphous-Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Coating Promotes In Vitro Growth of Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells Activated by Anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 Antibodies. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3693. [PMID: 34279263 PMCID: PMC8269898 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A modern trend in traumatology, orthopedics, and implantology is the development of materials and coatings with an amorphous-crystalline structure that exhibits excellent biocopatibility. The structure and physico-chemical and biological properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings deposited on Ti plates using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method under different voltages (200, 250, and 300 V) were studied. Amorphous, nanocrystalline, and microcrystalline statesof CaHPO4 and β-Ca2P2O7 were observed in the coatings using TEM and XRD. The increase in MAO voltage resulted in augmentation of the surface roughness Ra from 2.5 to 6.5 µm, mass from 10 to 25 mg, thickness from 50 to 105 µm, and Ca/P ratio from 0.3 to 0.6. The electrical potential (EP) of the CaP coatings changed from -456 to -535 mV, while the zeta potential (ZP) decreased from -53 to -40 mV following an increase in the values of the MAO voltage. Numerous correlations of physical and chemical indices of CaP coatings were estimated. A decrease in the ZP magnitudes of CaP coatings deposited at 200-250 V was strongly associated with elevated hTERT expression in tumor-derived Jurkat T cells preliminarily activated with anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 antibodies and then contacted in vitro with CaP-coated samples for 14 days. In turn, in vitro survival of CD4+ subsets was enhanced, with proinflammatory cytokine secretion of activated Jurkat T cells. Thus, the applied MAO voltage allowed the regulation of the physicochemical properties of amorphous-crystalline CaP-coatings on Ti substrates to a certain extent. This method may be used as a technological mechanism to trigger the behavior of cells through contact with micro-arc CaP coatings. The possible role of negative ZP and Ca2+ as effectors of the biological effects of amorphous-crystalline CaP coatings is discussed. Micro-arc CaP coatings should be carefully tested to determine their suitability for use in patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii P Sharkeev
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Research School of High-Energy Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina G Komarova
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valentina V Chebodaeva
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariya B Sedelnikova
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Larisa S Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236029 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga G Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236029 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236029 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Kristina A Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236029 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Natalia D Gazatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236029 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Ivan G Kozlov
- Department of Organization and Management in the Sphere of Circulation of Medicines, Institute of Postgraduate Education, I.M. Sechenov Federal State Autonomous Educational University of Higher Education-First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Y Khlusova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Zaitsev
- Siberian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 636070 Seversk, Russia
| | - Igor A Khlusov
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236029 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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27
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Persaud AT, Bennett SA, Thaya L, Burnie J, Guzzo C. Human monocytes store and secrete preformed CCL5, independent of de novo protein synthesis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:573-583. [PMID: 34114669 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0820-522rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a subset of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with diverse roles in immunity, including sentinel roles in cytokine secretion. Conventionally, cytokines require an inductive stimulus for their expression and secretion, resulting in a time lag from the time of stimulation to when the proteins are packaged and secreted. Because cytokines are the main communicators in the immune system, their temporal expression is a key factor in coordinating responses to efficiently resolve infection. Herein, we identify that circulating human monocytes contain preformed cytokines that are stored intracellularly, in both resting and activated states. Having preformed cytokines bypasses the time lag associated with de novo synthesis, allowing monocytes to secrete immune mediators immediately upon activation or sensing of microbe-associated molecular patterns. We demonstrate here that, out of several cytokines evaluated, human monocytes contain a previously undescribed reservoir of the preformed chemokine CCL5. Furthermore, we showed that CCL5 could be secreted from monocytes treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) and Golgi blocker (brefeldin A). We examined the possibility for uptake of extracellular CCL5 from platelet aggregates and observed no significant levels of platelet binding to our enriched monocyte preparations, indicating that the source of preformed CCL5 was not from platelets. Preformed CCL5 was observed to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm and partially colocalized with CD63+ and Rab11A+ membranes, implicating endosomal compartments in the intracellular storage and trafficking of CCL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Tejnarine Persaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Andrew Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laxshaginee Thaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Burnie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Guzzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Burns KE, Uhrig RF, Jewett ME, Bourbon MF, Krupa KA. Characterizing the Role of Biologically Relevant Fluid Dynamics on Silver Nanoparticle Dependent Oxidative Stress in Adherent and Suspension In Vitro Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060832. [PMID: 34071095 PMCID: PMC8224783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being employed in numerous consumer goods and applications; however, they are renowned for inducing negative cellular consequences including toxicity, oxidative stress, and an inflammatory response. Nanotoxicological outcomes are dependent on numerous factors, including physicochemical, biological, and environmental influences. Currently, NP safety evaluations are carried out in both cell-based in vitro and animal in vivo models, with poor correlation between these mechanisms. These discrepancies highlight the need for enhanced exposure environments, which retain the advantages of in vitro models but incorporate critical in vivo influences, such as fluid dynamics. This study characterized the effects of dynamic flow on AgNP behavior, cellular interactions, and oxidative stress within both adherent alveolar (A549) and suspension monocyte (U937) models. This study determined that the presence of physiologically relevant flow resulted in substantial modifications to AgNP cellular interactions and subsequent oxidative stress, as assessed via reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione levels, p53, NFκB, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Within the adherent model, dynamic flow reduced AgNP deposition and oxidative stress markers by roughly 20%. However, due to increased frequency of contact, the suspension U937 cells were associated with higher NP interactions and intracellular stress under fluid flow exposure conditions. For example, the increased AgNP association resulted in a 50% increase in intracellular ROS and p53 levels. This work highlights the potential of modified in vitro systems to improve analysis of AgNP dosimetry and safety evaluations, including oxidative stress assessments.
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29
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Mitarotonda R, Saraceno M, Todone M, Giorgi E, Malchiodi EL, Desimone MF, De Marzi MC. Surface chemistry modification of silica nanoparticles alters the activation of monocytes. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:443-59. [PMID: 33902308 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nanoparticles (NPs) interaction with immune system is a growing topic of study. Materials & methods: Bare and amine grafted silica NPs effects on monocytes/macrophages cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, MTT test and LIVE/DEAD® viability/cytotoxicity assay. Results: Bare silica NPs inhibited proliferation and induced monocyte/macrophages activation (increasing CD40/CD80 expression besides pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitrite secretion). Furthermore, silica NPs increased cell membrane damage and reduced the number of living cells. In contrast, amine grafted silica NPs did not alter these parameters. Conclusion: Cell activation properties of bare silica NPs could be hindered after grafting with amine moieties. This strategy is useful to tune the immune system stimulation by NPs or to design NPs suitable to transport therapeutic molecules.
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30
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Koeppen K, Nymon A, Barnaby R, Li Z, Hampton TH, Ashare A, Stanton BA. CF monocyte-derived macrophages have an attenuated response to extracellular vesicles secreted by airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L530-L544. [PMID: 33471607 PMCID: PMC8238154 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00621.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CFTR alter macrophage responses, for example, by reducing their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. Altered macrophage responses may facilitate bacterial infection and inflammation in the lungs, contributing to morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by multiple cell types in the lungs and participate in the host immune response to bacterial infection, but the effect of EVs secreted by CF airway epithelial cells (AEC) on CF macrophages is unknown. This report examines the effect of EVs secreted by primary AEC on monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and contrasts responses of CF and wild type (WT) MDM. We found that EVs generally increase pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and expression of innate immune genes in MDM, especially when EVs are derived from AEC exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that this effect is attenuated in CF MDM. Specifically, EVs secreted by P. aeruginosa exposed AEC (EV-PA) induced immune response genes and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, and chemokines involved in tissue repair by WT MDM, but these effects were less robust in CF MDM. We attribute attenuated responses by CF MDM to differences between CF and WT macrophages because EVs secreted by CF AEC or WT AEC elicited similar responses in CF MDM. Our findings demonstrate the importance of AEC EVs in macrophage responses and show that the Phe508del mutation in CFTR attenuates the innate immune response of MDM to EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Amanda Nymon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Roxanna Barnaby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Zhongyou Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alix Ashare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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31
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Watanabe H, Yabe-Wada T, Onai N, Unno M. Detailed Structure of Mouse Interferon α2 and Its Interaction with Sortilin. J Biochem 2021; 170:265-273. [PMID: 33769476 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon α (IFNα) is a type I interferon, an essential cytokine employed by the immune system to fight viruses. Although a number of the structures of type I interferons have been reported, most of the known structures of IFNα are in complex with its receptors. There are only two examples of structures of free IFNα: one is a dimeric X-ray structure without side-chain information; and another is an NMR structure of human IFNα. Although we have shown that Sortilin is involved in the secretion of IFNα, the details of the molecular interaction and the secretion mechanism remain unclear. Recently, we solved the X-ray structure of mouse Sortilin, but the structure of mouse IFNα remained unknown. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of mouse IFNα2 at 2.1 Å resolution and investigated its interaction with Sortilin. Docking simulations suggested that Arg22 of mouse IFNα2 is important for the interaction with mouse Sortilin. Mutation of Arg22 to alanine facilitated IFNα2 secretion, as determined by flow cytometry, highlighting the contribution of this residue to the interaction with Sortilin. These results suggest an important role for Arg22 in mouse IFNα for Sortilin-mediated IFNα trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.,Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yabe-Wada
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onai
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.,Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University, Tokai Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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32
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Lojk J, Babič L, Sušjan P, Bregar VB, Pavlin M, Hafner-Bratkovič I, Veranič P. Analysis of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Nanoparticle Exposure on Microglial and Neuronal Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7030. [PMID: 32987760 PMCID: PMC7582992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental or biomedical exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) can results in translocation and accumulation of NPs in the brain, which can lead to health-related problems. NPs have been shown to induce toxicity to neuronal cells through several direct mechanisms, but only a few studies have also explored the indirect effects of NPs, through consequences due to the exposure of neighboring cells to NPs. In this study, we analysed possible direct and indirect effects of NPs (polyacrylic acid (PAA) coated cobalt ferrite NP, TiO2 P25 and maghemite NPs) on immortalized mouse microglial cells and differentiated CAD mouse neuronal cells in monoculture (direct toxicity) or in transwell co-culture system (indirect toxicity). We showed that although the low NP concentrations (2-25 µg/mL) did not induce changes in cell viability, cytokine secretion or NF-κB activation of microglial cells, even low NP concentrations of 10 µg/mL can affect the cells and change their secretion of protein stress mediators. These can in turn influence neuronal cells in indirect exposure model. Indirect toxicity of NPs is an important and not adequately assessed mechanism of NP toxicity, since it not only affects cells on the exposure sites, but through secretion of signaling mediators, can also affect cells that do not come in direct contact with NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Babič
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.S.); (I.H.-B.)
| | - Petra Sušjan
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.S.); (I.H.-B.)
| | - Vladimir Boštjan Bregar
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (V.B.B.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.S.); (I.H.-B.)
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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33
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in influencing the development of host immunity, and in turn the immune system also acts to regulate the microbiota through intestinal barrier maintenance and immune exclusion. Normally, these interactions are homeostatic, tightly controlled, and organized by both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a combination of environmental exposures and genetic defects can result in a break in tolerance and intestinal homeostasis. The outcomes of these interactions at the mucosal interface have broad, systemic effects on host immunity and the development of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease. The underlying mechanisms and pathways the microbiota can utilize to regulate these diseases are just starting to emerge. Here, we discuss the recent evidence in this area describing the impact of microbiota-immune interactions during inflammation and autoimmunity, with a focus on barrier function and CD4+ T cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Brown
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Douglas J Kenny
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA;
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34
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Yuan Y, Brouchon J, Calvo-Calle JM, Xia J, Sun L, Zhang X, Clayton KL, Ye F, Weitz DA, Heyman JA. Droplet encapsulation improves accuracy of immune cell cytokine capture assays. Lab Chip 2020; 20:1513-1520. [PMID: 32242586 PMCID: PMC7313394 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of cell-secreted molecules, e.g., cytokines, is fundamental to the characterization of immune responses. Cytokine capture assays that use engineered antibodies to anchor the secreted molecules to the secreting cells are widely used to characterize immune responses because they allow both sensitive identification and recovery of viable responding cells. However, if the cytokines diffuse away from the secreting cells, non-secreting cells will also be identified as responding cells. Here we encapsulate immune cells in microfluidic droplets and perform in-droplet cytokine capture assays to limit the diffusion of the secreted cytokines. We use microfluidic devices to rapidly encapsulate single natural killer NK-92 MI cells and their target K562 cells into microfluidic droplets. We perform in-droplet IFN-γ capture assays and demonstrate that NK-92 MI cells recognize target cells within droplets and become activated to secrete IFN-γ. Droplet encapsulation prevents diffusion of secreted products to neighboring cells and dramatically reduces both false positives and false negatives, relative to assays performed without droplets. In a sample containing 1% true positives, encapsulation reduces, from 94% to 2%, the number of true-positive cells appearing as negatives; in a sample containing 50% true positives, the number of non-stimulated cells appearing as positives is reduced from 98% to 1%. After cells are released from the droplets, secreted cytokine remains captured onto secreting immune cells, enabling FACS-isolation of populations highly enriched for activated effector immune cells. Droplet encapsulation can be used to reduce background and improve detection of any single-cell secretion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Kim K, Thorp H, Bou-Ghannam S, Grainger DW, Okano T. Stable cell adhesion affects mesenchymal stem cell sheet fabrication: Effects of fetal bovine serum and human platelet lysate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:741-753. [PMID: 32212212 DOI: 10.1002/term.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell sheet technology exploits temperature responsive cell culture dishes (TRCDs) as versatile cell harvesting methods to yield contiguous cell monolayers robustly held together by cell-cell junctions, receptors, and endogenous extracellular matrix. More than 15 years of clinical data using autologous-sourced cell sheets demonstrate enhanced therapeutic properties through increased cell retention at target tissue sites. Recently, several preclinical studies have also been reported using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheets in wound healing, cardiac ischemia therapies, and pancreatic regeneration. However, optimized MSC sheet fabrication conditions have not yet been reported. In this study, we identified specific conditions for reliable human MSC sheet fabrication by comparing cell growth media supplements (fetal bovine serum [FBS] and human platelet lysate [hPL]). Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs cultured in FBS and hPL exhibit different actin cytoskeletal structures related to their cell morphologies and adhesion. MSCs cultured in FBS media showed stable cell adhesion on TRCDs with flattened cell shapes and aligned actin cytoskeletal structure. This stable cell adhesion enables production of consistent MSC cell sheets, with controlled cell sheet detachment. Conversely, cell sheet fabrication in hPL media exhibits poor reproducibility being more sensitive to temperature- and culture time-induced release due to weak cell adhesion. These findings suggest that stable MSC adhesion to TRCDs is important to reliable MSC sheet fabrication methods and that MSC growth media supplementation directly affects cell adhesion during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia Bou-Ghannam
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Rodriguez-Moncayo R, Jimenez-Valdes RJ, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Garcia-Cordero JL. Integrated Microfluidic Device for Functional Secretory Immunophenotyping of Immune Cells. ACS Sens 2020; 5:353-361. [PMID: 31927915 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Integrated platforms for automatic assessment of cellular functional secretory immunophenotyping could have a widespread use in the diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and therapy evaluation of several pathologies. We present a microfluidic platform with integrated biosensors and culture chambers to measure cytokine secretion from a consistent and uniform number of immune cells. The biosensor relies on a fluorescence sandwich immunoassay enabled by the mechanically induced trapping of molecular interactions method. The platform contains 32 cell culture chambers, each patterned with an array of 492 microwells, to capture and analyze both adherent and nonadherent immune cells. Multiple stimuli can be delivered to a set of culture chambers. Per chamber, we were able to capture consistently 1113 ± 191 of blood-derived monocytes and neutrophils and 348 ± 37 THP-1 monocytes. Good occupancy efficiencies of ∼70% with a uniformity of ∼90% across all of the culture chambers of the device were achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that up to 96% of cells remain viable for the first 48 h. The employment of epoxy-modified glass substrates and active mixing enhanced the biosensing performance compared to the use of bare glass and simple diffusion. Finally, we performed functional secretory analysis of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha from human neutrophils and monocytes, stimulated with various doses of lipopolysaccharide and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-ionomycin, respectively. We foresee the employment of our microfluidic platform in the diagnosis of different pathologies where alterations in cytokine secretion patterns can be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Moncayo
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico
| | - Rocio Jimena Jimenez-Valdes
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico
| | - Alan Mauricio Gonzalez-Suarez
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Garcia-Cordero
- Unidad Monterrey, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico
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37
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Zielińska S, Czerwińska ME, Dziągwa-Becker M, Dryś A, Kucharski M, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Płachno BJ, Matkowski A. Modulatory Effect of Chelidonium majus Extract and Its Alkaloids on LPS-Stimulated Cytokine Secretion in Human Neutrophils. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040842. [PMID: 32075082 PMCID: PMC7070267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to certain differences in terms of molecular structure, isoquinoline alkaloids from Chelidonium majus engage in various biological activities. Apart from their well-documented antimicrobial potential, some phenanthridine and protoberberine derivatives as well as C. majus extract present with anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. In this study, the LC–MS/MS method was used to determine alkaloids, phenolic acids, carboxylic acids, and hydroxybenzoic acids. We investigated five individually tested alkaloids (coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, and sanguinarine) as well as C. majus root extract for their effect on the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils). Berberine, chelidonine, and chelerythrine significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner. Sanguinarine was found to be the most potent inhibitor of IL-1β secretion. However, the overproduction of IL-8 and TNF-α and a high cytotoxicity for these compounds were observed. Coptisine was highly cytotoxic and slightly decreased the secretion of the studied cytokines. The extract (1.25–12.5 μg/mL) increased cytokine secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, but an increase in cytotoxicity was also noted. The alkaloids were active at very low concentrations (0.625–2.5 μM), but their potential cytotoxic effects, except for chelidonine and chelerythrine, should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Ewa Czerwińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrzej Dryś
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kucharski
- Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, Orzechowa 61, 50-540 Wrocław, Poland; (M.D.-B.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.-D.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Cultivation, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Al. Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Hann J, Bueb JL, Tolle F, Bréchard S. Calcium signaling and regulation of neutrophil functions: Still a long way to go. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:285-297. [PMID: 31841231 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0719-241r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in blood and disruption in their functions often results in an increased risk of serious infections and inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Following recent discoveries in their influence over disease progression, a resurgence of interest for neutrophil biology has taken place. The multitude of signaling pathways activated by the engagement of numerous types of receptors, with which neutrophils are endowed, reflects the functional complexity of these cells. It is therefore not surprising that there remains a huge lack in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlining neutrophil functions. Moreover, studies on neutrophils are undoubtedly limited by the difficulty to efficiently edit the cell's genome. Over the past 30 years, compelling evidence has clearly highlighted that Ca2+ -signaling is governing the key processes associated with neutrophil functions. The confirmation of the role of an elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration has come from studies on NADPH oxidase activation and phagocytosis. In this review, we give an overview and update of our current knowledge on the role of Ca2+ mobilization in the regulation of pro-inflammatory functions of neutrophils. In particular, we stress the importance of Ca2+ in the formation of NETs and cytokine secretion in the light of newest findings. This will allow us to embrace how much further we have to go to understand the complex dynamics of Ca2+ -dependent mechanisms in order to gain more insights into the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The potential for therapeutics to regulate the neutrophil functions, such as Ca2+ influx inhibitors to prevent autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, has been discussed in the last part of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hann
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - J-L Bueb
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - F Tolle
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Bréchard
- Life Sciences Research Unit, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Dickopf S, Lauer ME, Ringler P, Spick C, Kern P, Brinkmann U. Highly flexible, IgG-shaped, trivalent antibodies effectively target tumor cells and induce T cell-mediated killing. Biol Chem 2019; 400:343-350. [PMID: 30763031 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel bispecific antibody format was applied to generate T cell-engaging antibodies. The TriFab format is a trivalent IgG-shaped entity composed of two Fab arms that bind to antigens on the surface of tumor cells, which are linked via flexible peptides to a CD3 binding moiety that replaces the CH2 domains of conventional IgGs. The distinctive feature of these T cell recruiting bispecifics is that their CD3 variable regions are incorporated between domains, rather than N- or C-terminally fused to an Fc or antibody fragments. T cell recruiting TriFabs resemble in size and shape, are expressed and show biophysical properties similar to regular IgGs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates high flexibility of the cell surface binding arms as well as target antigen accessibility of the interspersed CD3 binding domain. Functional co-culturing assays of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and different tumor cell lines (MCF7 and A431) revealed a dose-dependent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity that was induced by the TriFabs targeting either LeY or EGFR cell surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Dickopf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Matthias E Lauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Chemical Biology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstraße 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nano Analytics, Biozentrum University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Spick
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kern
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
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40
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Zou J, Wang W, Kratz K, Xu X, Nie Y, Ma N, Lendlein A. Evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cell senescence, differentiation and secretion behavior cultured on polycarbonate cell culture inserts. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 70:573-583. [PMID: 30372670 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycarbonate (PC) substrate is well suited for culturing human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high proliferation rate, low cell apoptosis rate and negligible cytotoxic effects. However, little is known about the influence of PC on MSC activity including senescence, differentiation and secretion. In this study, the PC cell culture insert was applied for human MSC culture and was compared with polystyrene (PS) and standard tissue culture plate (TCP). The results showed that MSCs were able to adhere on PC surface, exhibiting a spindle-shaped morphology. The size and distribution of focal adhesions of MSCs were similar on PC and TCP. The senescence level of MSCs on PC was comparable to that on TCP, but was significantly lower than that on PS. MSCs on PC were capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell lineages, including osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. MSCs cultured on PC secreted a higher level inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors including FGF2 and VEGF. Conclusively, PC represents a promising cell culture material for human MSCs.
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Häusser-Kinzel S, Weber MS. The Role of B Cells and Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, and Related Disorders. Front Immunol 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30800132 PMCID: PMC6375838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our pathophysiological concept of the most common central nervous system demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, strikingly evolved by recent discoveries suggesting that B lymphocytes substantially contribute in its initiation and chronic propagation. In this regard, activated B cells are nowadays considered to act as important antigen-presenting cells for the activation of T cells and as essential source of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hereby, they create a milieu in which other immune cells differentiate and join an orchestrated inflammatory infiltration of the CNS. Without a doubt, this scientific leap was critically pioneered by the empirical use of anti-CD20 antibodies in recent clinical MS trials, which revealed that the therapeutic removal of immature and mature B cells basically halted development of new inflammatory flares in otherwise relapsing MS patients. This stabilization occurred largely independent of any indirect effect on plasma cell-produced antibody levels. On the contrary, peripherally produced autoantibodies are probably the most important B cell component in two other CNS demyelinating diseases which are currently in the process of being delineated as separate disease entities. The first one is neuromyelitis optica in which an antibody response against aquaporin-4 targets and destroys astrocytes, the second, likely distinct entity embraces a group of patients containing antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. In this review, we will describe and summarize pro-inflammatory B cell properties in these three CNS demyelinating disorders; we will however also provide an overview on the emerging concept that B cells or B cell subsets may exert immunologically counterbalancing properties, which may be therapeutically desirable to maintain and foster in inflammatory CNS demyelination. In an outlook, we will discuss accordingly, how this potentially important aspect can be harnessed to advance future B cell-directed therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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Persa E, Szatmári T, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. In Vivo Irradiation of Mice Induces Activation of Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2391. [PMID: 30110907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clear that ionizing radiation positively influences certain immune parameters, which opens the possibility for combining radio- and immunotherapies in cancer treatment. The presence of functionally competent dendritic cells (DCs) is crucial in mounting a successful antitumor immune response. While it has been shown that DCs are relatively radioresistant, few and contradictory data are available on how ionizing radiation alters the functional integrity of these cells. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effect of whole-body irradiation on the function of splenic DCs. C57Bl/6 mice were irradiated with 0.1, 0.25, and 2 Gy X-rays and changes in the phenotype of splenic DCs were compared to unirradiated controls. An increase was seen in DC surface markers influencing DC-T cell interactions. In vivo cytokine production was determined by direct intracellular cytokine staining. Irradiation with 2 Gy induced a 1.6-fold increase in IL-1α production, while the combination of irradiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induced a 3.9-fold increase, indicating a strong synergism between irradiation and LPS stimulation. Interaction of DCs with effector and regulatory T cells was investigated in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. While DCs from control animals induced stronger proliferation of regulatory T cells, DCs from animals irradiated with 2 Gy induced stronger proliferation of effector T cells. Antigen uptake and presentation was investigated by measuring the capacity of DCs to internalize and present ovalbumine (OVA)-derived peptides on their major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) molecules. Irradiation with 2 Gy did not influence antigen uptake or presentation, while low doses stimulated antigen uptake and reduced the level of antigen presentation. In conclusion, high-dose in vivo irradiation induced increased expression of T cell costimulatory markers, enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and a stronger stimulation of effector T cell proliferation than that of regulatory T cells. However, it did not influence DC antigen uptake or presentation. On the other hand, low-dose irradiation increased antigen uptake and lowered antigen presentation of DCs, indicating that low- and high-dose irradiation act on different pathways in DCs.
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a CD1d-restricted T cell population that can respond to lipid antigenic stimulation within minutes by secreting a wide variety of cytokines. This broad functional scope has placed iNKT cells at the frontlines of many kinds of immune responses. Although the diverse functional capacities of iNKT cells have long been acknowledged, only recently have distinct iNKT cell subsets, each with a marked functional predisposition, been appreciated. Furthermore, the subsets can frequently occupy distinct niches in different tissues and sometimes establish long-term tissue residency where they can impact homeostasis and respond quickly when they sense perturbations. In this review, we discuss the developmental origins of the iNKT cell subsets, their localization patterns, and detail what is known about how different subsets specifically influence their surroundings in conditions of steady and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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Nagashima H. Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol Toxicities in Cultured Cells: a Review of Comparative Studies. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2018; 6:51-7. [PMID: 32231947 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro studies of the toxicities of trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) including cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and the involvement of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in their toxicities were reviewed. Trichothecene mycotoxins are extremely toxic to leukocytes and leukopenia is one of the leading signs of trichothecene toxicosis, implying that trichothecenes hinder cell proliferation. Both toxins retarded proliferation of all four cell lines tested. NIV was more potent than DON in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60, human lymphoblastic leukemia cell line MOLT-4, and rat aortic myoblast cell line A-10. In contrast, both toxins exhibited almost the same potencies in human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. While exposure to 0.3 μg/mL DON greatly induced the secretion of anti-hematopoietic cytokines CCL3 and CCL4, treatment with NIV decreased the secretion of these cytokines in HL60 cells, indicating that the toxicity mechanisms of these mycotoxins differ. Because molecular chaperone Hsp90 occupies a pivotal position in a wide range of pathological processes, the effects of an Hsp90-specific inhibitor radicicol on cytokine secretions were investigated. Radicicol counteracted the effect of DON on cytokine secretion, indicating that Hsp90 plays a crucial role in DON-induced cytokine secretion in HL60 cells. Conversely, the results of co-treatment with NIV and radicicol indicate that radicicol does not mitigate the effect of NIV. Regarding CCL3 and CCL4 secretions, DON and NIV have Hsp90-related and -unrelated mechanisms of toxicities, respectively. Taken together the results suggest that, although these toxins share similar chemical structure, there are differences in their toxic mechanisms.
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Langenhorst D, Haack S, Göb S, Uri A, Lühder F, Vanhove B, Hünig T, Beyersdorf N. CD28 Costimulation of T Helper 1 Cells Enhances Cytokine Release In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1060. [PMID: 29868020 PMCID: PMC5964139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to naive T cells, differentiated T cells are thought to be less dependent on CD28 costimulation for full activation. To revisit the role of CD28 costimulation in mouse T cell recall responses, we adoptively transferred in vitro generated OT-II T helper (Th) 1 cells into C57BL/6 mice (Thy1.2+) and then either blocked CD28–ligand interactions with Fab fragments of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb) E18 or deleted CD28 expression using inducible CD28 knock-out OT-II mice as T cell donors. After injection of ovalbumin protein in adjuvant into the recipient mice we observed that systemic interferon (IFN)γ release strongly depended on CD28 costimulation of the Th1 cells, while secondary clonal expansion was not reduced in the absence of CD28 costimulation. For human memory CD4+ T cell responses we also noted that cytokine release was reduced upon inhibition of CD28 costimulation. Together, our data highlight the so far underestimated role of CD28 costimulation for the reactivation of fully differentiated CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Langenhorst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Haack
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Selina Göb
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Uri
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics S.A., Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Tan M, Ouyang H, Deng L. Effects of ozone stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells on proliferation and collagen synthesis of co-cultured lung fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5314-5322. [PMID: 29896220 PMCID: PMC5994781 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) as a major air pollutant is widely recognized for causing pathological changes of the airway system. However, it is not clear whether O3 exposure of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) influences the proliferation and collagen synthesis of submucosal fibroblasts and contributes to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in diseases, including asthma. In the present study, a co-culture method was applied to culture human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) with human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) that were pre-stimulated with O3. Following co-culture for up to 24 h, the proliferation of HLFs was measured using MTT colorimetry. Furthermore, the collagen synthesis capacity of HLFs was determined by the level of hydroxyproline. In addition, the protein expression levels of cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed. Results indicated that the proliferation of HLFs co-cultured with HBECs was significantly inhibited when compared with HLFs cultured alone (P<0.05). By contrast, co-culture with O3-stimulated HBECs significantly promoted the proliferation of HLFs compared with the HLFs cultured alone or those cultured with HBECs but no O3 stimulation, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Furthermore, similar effects were observed regarding the collagen synthesis capacity of HLFs co-cultured with HBECs for 24. In the supernatant, TGF-β1 concentration was continuously increased over 24 h, whereas the concentration of PGE2 increased and plateaued between 12 to 24 h and TNF-α concentration was not significantly altered during the assessed time period. To conclude, the present results suggest that O3 pre-exposure of HBECs may promote the transformation of HLFs from the typical inhibitory state into a promoting state with respect to proliferation and collagen synthesis, which may likely occur through a mechanism that influences the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, including TGF-β1 and PGE2. The present findings may improve the understanding of the mechanism involved in O3-induced airway remodeling from a novel perspective of maintenance/loss of steady-state function of the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
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Abstract
Integrins are adhesion receptors on the cell surface that enable cells to respond to their environment. Most integrins are heterodimers, comprising α and β type I transmembrane glycoprotein chains with large extracellular domains and short cytoplasmic tails. Integrins deliver signals through multiprotein complexes at the cell surface, which interact with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins to influence gene expression, cell proliferation, morphology, and migration. Integrin expression on γδ T cells (γδTc) has not been systematically investigated; however, reports in the literature dating back to the early 1990s reveal an understated role for integrins in γδTc function. Over the years, integrins have been investigated on resting and/or activated peripheral blood-derived polyclonal γδTc, γδTc clones, as well as γδ T intraepithelial lymphocytes. Differences in integrin expression have been found between αβ T cells (αβTc) and γδTc, as well as between Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδTc. While most studies have focused on human γδTc, research has also been carried out in mouse and bovine models. Roles attributed to γδTc integrins include adhesion, signaling, activation, migration, tissue localization, tissue retention, cell spreading, cytokine secretion, tumor infiltration, and involvement in tumor cell killing. This review attempts to encompass all reports of integrins expressed on γδTc published prior to December 2017, highlights areas warranting further investigation, and discusses the relevance of integrin expression for γδTc function.
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48
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Woo M, Wood C, Kwon D, Park KHP, Fejer G, Delorme V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Innate Responses in a New Model of Lung Alveolar Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:438. [PMID: 29593716 PMCID: PMC5858468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar macrophages (AMs) are in the first line of immune defense against respiratory pathogens and play key roles in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in humans. Nevertheless, AMs are available only in limited amounts for in vitro studies, which hamper the detailed molecular understanding of host-Mtb interactions in these macrophages. The recent establishment of the self-renewing and primary Max Planck Institute (MPI) cells, functionally very close to lung AMs, opens unique opportunities for in vitro studies of host-pathogen interactions in respiratory diseases. Here, we investigated the suitability of MPI cells as a host cell system for Mtb infection. Bacterial, cellular, and innate immune features of MPI cells infected with Mtb were characterized. Live bacteria were readily internalized and efficiently replicated in MPI cells, similarly to primary murine macrophages and other cell lines. MPI cells were also suitable for the determination of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug activity. The primary innate immune response of MPI cells to live Mtb showed significantly higher and earlier induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1α, and IL-1β, as compared to stimulation with heat-killed (HK) bacteria. MPI cells previously showed a lack of induction of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 to a wide range of stimuli, including HK Mtb. By contrast, we show here that live Mtb is able to induce significant amounts of IL-10 in MPI cells. Autophagy experiments using light chain 3B immunostaining, as well as LysoTracker labeling of acidic vacuoles, demonstrated that MPI cells efficiently control killed Mtb by elimination through phagolysosomes. MPI cells were also able to accumulate lipid droplets in their cytoplasm following exposure to lipoproteins. Collectively, this study establishes the MPI cells as a relevant, versatile host cell model for TB research, allowing a deeper understanding of AMs functions in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Woo
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Connor Wood
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Doyoon Kwon
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Paul Park
- Applied Molecular Virology, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - György Fejer
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Delorme
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
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Dadi H, Jones TA, Merico D, Sharfe N, Ovadia A, Schejter Y, Reid B, Sun M, Vong L, Atkinson A, Lavi S, Pomerantz JL, Roifman CM. Combined immunodeficiency and atopy caused by a dominant negative mutation in caspase activation and recruitment domain family member 11 (CARD11). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1818-1830.e2. [PMID: 28826773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined immunodeficiency (CID) is a T-cell defect frequently presenting with recurrent infections, as well as associated immune dysregulation manifesting as autoimmunity or allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the genetic aberration in 4 related patients with CID, early-onset asthma, eczema, and food allergies, as well as autoimmunity. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing, followed by Sanger confirmation, assessment of the genetic variant effect on cell signaling, and evaluation of the resultant immune function. RESULTS A heterozygous novel c.C88T 1-bp substitution resulting in amino acid change R30W in caspase activation and recruitment domain family member 11 (CARD11) was identified by using whole-exome sequencing and segregated perfectly to family members with severe atopy only but was not found in healthy subjects. We demonstrate that the R30W mutation results in loss of function while also exerting a dominant negative effect on wild-type CARD11. The CARD11 defect altered the classical nuclear factor κB pathway, resulting in poor in vitro T-cell responses to mitogens and antigens caused by reduced secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2. CONCLUSION Unlike patients with biallelic mutations in CARD11 causing severe CID, the R30W defect results in a less profound yet prominent susceptibility to infections, as well as multiorgan atopy and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Dadi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler A Jones
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Nigel Sharfe
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adi Ovadia
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yael Schejter
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Reid
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Sun
- Deep Genomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Vong
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adelle Atkinson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sasson Lavi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel L Pomerantz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Chaim M Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Janssens J, Decruy T, Venken K, Seki T, Krols S, Van der Eycken J, Tsuji M, Elewaut D, Van Calenbergh S. Efficient Divergent Synthesis of New Immunostimulant 4″-Modified α-Galactosylceramide Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28626526 PMCID: PMC5467197 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
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A synthesis strategy
for the swift generation of 4″-modified
α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) analogues is described,
establishing a chemical platform to comprehensively investigate the
structure–activity relationships (SAR) of this understudied
glycolipid part. The strategy relies on a late-stage reductive ring-opening
of a p-methoxybenzylidene (PMP) acetal to regioselectively
liberate the 4″-OH position. The expediency of this methodology
is demonstrated by the synthesis of a small yet diverse set of analogues,
which were tested for their ability to stimulate invariant natural
killer T-cells (iNKT) in vitro and in vivo. The introduction of a p-chlorobenzyl
ether yielded an analogue with promising immunostimulating properties,
paving the way for further SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Simon Krols
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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