1
|
Ousji O, Sleno L. Structural Elucidation of Novel Stable and Reactive Metabolites of Green Tea Catechins and Alkyl Gallates by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091635. [PMID: 36139709 PMCID: PMC9495999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic gallic acid derivatives are employed as additives in food, personal care products, and pharmaceutical formulations. Despite their widespread use, little is known about their human exposure, health effects, and metabolism. Green tea catechins are natural antioxidants, known for their health-promoting properties, and are also employed as food additives or in personal care products. The objective of this study was to establish metabolic pathways involved in the biotransformation of green tea catechins and synthetic gallate esters. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was used to elucidate oxidative and methylated metabolites, in addition to glutathione conjugates, formed in vitro using human liver microsomal incubations. The developed method was applied to 14 different parent compounds with a wide range of polarities, for the structural elucidation of many known and novel metabolites. These results serve to inform about the wide variety of possible metabolites formed upon exposure to these compounds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu H, Chu F, Liu J, Chen L, Ye Y. Investigating particle-size-induced changes in composition, physical, rheological, and bioactive properties of black tea powder. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4131-4139. [PMID: 34997589 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People brew tea to drink an infusion that only contains 25% water-soluble constituents, leading to most of the insoluble materials being wasted. Tea powder could be drunk directly by mixing with water without producing any waste. Tea powder can also be used as a natural additive to improve the flavour and taste in beverages and foods. Much detailed information on the particle properties of tea powder is required with its increasing consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size ranging from median diameter D50 = 4.32 to 26.59 μm on the composition, physical, rheological, and bioactive properties of black tea powder. RESULTS The results indicate that large powder sizes had high bulk density and flowability, whereas small powder sizes possessed good swelling ability and wettability. The contents of water extract, total polyphenols, crude fibre, catechins, and thearubigins reduced with a decrease in particle size. To change the particle size and concentration could adjust the elastic modulus and the viscous modulus of the black tea powder suspension. Moreover, black tea powder with small particle size could regulate blood lipids in a hyperlipidaemic rat model by lowering triacylglycerols and elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas large particles presented an advantage in reducing body weight. CONCLUSION Our investigation extended the knowledge of commercial black tea powder in composition, physical, rheological, and bioactive properties. These results lay the foundation for future exploration of the use of tea powder in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhu
- Tea Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lin Chen
- Tea Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Tea Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keckstein S, Tilgener C, Jeschke U, Hofmann S, Vilsmaier T, Kaltofen T, Heidegger H, Batz F, Mahner S, Schröder L. Effects of matcha tea extract on cell viability and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression on T47D breast cancer cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2022; 306:451-459. [PMID: 35079875 PMCID: PMC9349150 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the following work, we investigated the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent proliferation behavior of breast cancer cells after stimulation with matcha green tea extract (MTE). METHODS T47D cells were stimulated with MTE at concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml. Cell viability was assessed using a WST-1 assay after an incubation time of 72 h. PPARγ expression was quantified at the gene level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A western blot (WB) was carried out for the qualitative assessment of the expression behavior of on a protein level. RESULTS The WST-1 test showed a significant inhibition of viability in T47D cells after 72 h at 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml. The PCR showed an overexpression of PPARγ in T47D cells in all concentrations. At the concentration of 50 µg/ml the expression was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The WB demonstrated a significant quantitative increase of PPARγ at protein level with MTE concentrations of 10 and 50 µg/ml. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the overexpression of PPAR γ and the inhibition of proliferation. CONCLUSION MTE decreases the cell viability of T47D cells and furthermore leads to an overexpression of PPARγ on protein and mRNA level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keckstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin Tilgener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology and Transplant Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße. 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Kaltofen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Helene Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Falk Batz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lennard Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCarty MF, Lerner A, DiNicolantonio JJ, Benzvi C. Nutraceutical Aid for Allergies - Strategies for Down-Regulating Mast Cell Degranulation. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1257-1266. [PMID: 34737578 PMCID: PMC8558634 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s332307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of antigens with the mast cell FcεRI-IgE receptor complex induce degranulation and boost synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines. Activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) functions as a central hub in this signaling. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 opposes Syk activity; stimulation of NADPH oxidase by FcεRI activation results in the production of oxidants that reversibly inhibit SHP-1, up-regulating the signal from Syk. Activated AMPK can suppress Syk activation by the FcεRI receptor, possibly reflecting its ability to phosphorylate the FcεRI beta subunit. Cyclic GMP, via protein kinase G II, enhances the activity of SHP-1 by phosphorylating its C-terminal region; this may explain its inhibitory impact on mast cell activation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) likewise opposes mast cell activation; H2S can boost AMPK activity, up-regulate cGMP production, and trigger Nrf2-mediated induction of Phase 2 enzymes - including heme oxygenase-1, whose generation of bilirubin suppresses NADPH oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chemical relative of bilirubin, shares its inhibitory impact on NADPH oxidase, rationalizing reported anti-allergic effects of PCB-rich spirulina ingestion. Phase 2 inducer nutraceuticals can likewise oppose the up-regulatory impact of NADPH oxidase on FcεRI signaling. AMPK can be activated with the nutraceutical berberine. High-dose biotin can boost cGMP levels in mast cells via direct stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Endogenous generation of H2S in mast cells can be promoted by administering N-acetylcysteine and likely by taurine, which increases the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in the vascular system. Mast cell stabilization by benifuuki green tea catechins may reflect the decreased surface expression of FcεRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Advanced Ingredients for Dietary Products, AIDP, City of Industry, CA, USA
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paquignon T, Scholz M, Zimmermann BF. Can home-brewed Benifuuki green tea deliver health-relevant amounts of 3"-O-methyl epigallocatechin gallate? NFS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
6
|
Fujimura Y, Fujino K, Yoshimoto T, Nezu A, Marugame Y, Bae J, Kumazoe M, Tachibana H. Eriodictyol-Amplified 67-kDa Laminin Receptor Signaling Potentiates the Antiallergic Effect of O-Methylated Catechin. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1823-1830. [PMID: 34106718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (1, EGCG3″Me), an antiallergic O-methylated catechin, is present in high quantities in the green tea cultivar "Benifuuki" (Camellia sinensis L.). Previous studies have shown that EGCG3″Me inhibited basophil degranulation mediated through the cell-surface 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR), but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of EGCG3″Me on IgE/antigen (Ag)-mediated degranulation and the combined effect of EGCG3″Me with eriodictyol (2), a bioactive flavanone. EGCG3″Me inhibited β-hexosaminidase release from the rat basophilic/mast cell line RBL-2H3 stimulated by IgE/Ag and induced acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. This induction was inhibited by anti-67LR antibody treatment. The ASM-specific inhibitor desipramine inhibited EGCG3″Me-induced suppression of degranulation. The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor NS2028 weakened the potency of EGCG3″Me, and the sGC activator BAY41-2272 suppressed degranulation. The ability of EGCG3″Me to induce ASM activity and inhibit degranulation was amplified by eriodictyol. Furthermore, oral administration of the lemon-peel-derived eriodyctiol-7-O-glucoside (3) potentiated the suppressive effect of EGCG3″Me-rich "Benifuuki" green tea on the IgE/Ag-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in BALB/c mice. These results suggest that EGCG3″Me inhibits IgE/Ag-mediated degranulation by inducing the 67LR/sGC/ASM signaling pathway, and eriodictyol amplifies this signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Konatsu Fujino
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takanori Yoshimoto
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nezu
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Marugame
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Bae
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li QS, Wang YQ, Liang YR, Lu JL. The anti-allergic potential of tea: a review of its components, mechanisms and risks. Food Funct 2020; 12:57-69. [PMID: 33241826 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is an immune-mediated disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Regular treatment with glucocorticoids and antihistamine drugs for allergy patients is palliative rather than permanent. Daily use of dietary anti-allergic natural products is a superior way to prevent allergy and alleviate the threat. Tea, as a health-promoting beverage, has multiple compounds with immunomodulatory ability. Persuasive evidence has shown the anti-allergic ability of tea against asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis. Recent advances in potential anti-allergic ability of tea and anti-allergic compounds in tea have been reviewed in this paper. Tea exerts its anti-allergic effect mainly by reducing IgE and histamine levels, decreasing FcεRI expression, regulating the balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells and inhibiting related transcription factors. Further research perspectives are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Sheng Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, China. and Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Ying-Qi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hayashi D, Wang L, Ueda S, Yamanoue M, Ashida H, Shirai Y. The mechanisms of ameliorating effect of a green tea polyphenol on diabetic nephropathy based on diacylglycerol kinase α. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11790. [PMID: 32678222 PMCID: PMC7366667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy (DN) by inhibiting protein kinase C. However, these efforts have not been successful in human trials, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies are required. Thus far, it has been reported that green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) improved albuminuria in DN in a human trial. Our previous study revealed that activation of diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) plays a crucial role in the amelioration of DN and that EGCg activates DGKα. Here, we investigated whether and how DGKα contributes to the amelioration of DN upon stimulation by EGCg by using streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic model mice. Our results revealed that EGCg ameliorated albuminuria in DN through DGKα in vivo, and methylated EGCg, which has higher absorption in the plasma improved albuminuria in DN effectively. Additionally, we showed that c-Src mediated EGCg-induced DGKα translocation and colocalized with the 67 kDa laminin receptor, which is an EGCg receptor. Furthermore, EGCg attenuated the loss of podocytes in DN by preventing a decrease in focal adhesion under high glucose conditions. Our results indicate that the DGKα pathway is an attractive therapeutic target and that activating this pathway is a novel strategy for treating DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-Cho 1-1, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-Cho 1-1, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-Cho 1-1, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamanoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-Cho 1-1, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-Cho 1-1, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai-Cho 1-1, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rambaran TF. Nanopolyphenols: a review of their encapsulation and anti-diabetic effects. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPolyphenols are believed to possess numerous health benefits and can be grouped as phenolic acids, flavonoids or non-flavonoids. Research involving the synthesis of nanopolyphenols has attracted interest in the areas of functional food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development. This is in an effort to overcome current challenges which limit the application of polyphenols such as their rapid elimination, low water-solubility, instability at low pH, and their particle size. In the synthesis of nanopolyphenols, the type of nanocarrier used, the nanoencapsulation technique employed and the type of polymers that constitute the drug delivery system are crucial. For this review, all mentioned factors which can influence the therapeutic efficacy of nanopolyphenols were assessed. Their efficacy as anti-diabetic agents was also evaluated in 33 publications. Among these were phenolic acid (1), flavonoids (13), non-flavonoids (17) and polyphenol-rich extracts (2). The most researched polyphenols were quercetin and curcumin. Nanoparticles were the main nanocarrier and the size of the nanopolyphenols ranged from 15 to 333 nm with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacities of 56–97.7% and 4.2–53.2%, respectively. The quantity of nanomaterial administered orally ranged from 1 to 300 mg/kg/day with study durations of 1–70 days. Most studies compared the effect of the nanopolyphenol to its free-form and, in all but three cases, significantly greater effects of the former were reported. Assessment of the polyphenol to understand its properties and the subsequent synthesis of its nanoencapsulated form using suitable nanocarriers, polymers and encapsulation techniques can result in effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shu Y, Li J, Yang X, Dong X, Wang X. Effect of particle size on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea powder and its antioxidant activity after simulated human digestion. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:1127-1133. [PMID: 30956292 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The bioaccessibilities of polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea powders (GTPs) with different particle sizes of 564.24 µm, 74.85 µm, 34.62 µm and 15.10 µm and their antioxidant activities were investigated using an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion model. The results showed that particle size significantly affected the bioaccessibilities of polyphenols and polysaccharides before and after digestion, except for the bioaccessibility of polysaccharides after gastric plus intestinal (GI) digestion, thus significantly affecting the antioxidant activity of GTPs. Compared with the undigested initial amount, the bioaccessibilities of polyphenols in all GTPs were approximately 59.98-71.00% after gastric digestion and 9.69-15.57% after GI digestion, and the bioaccessibilities of polysaccharides were approximately 71.10-79.51% after gastric digestion and 113.78-190.38% after GI digestion. With the decrease in particle size, the FRAP value of GTP before digestion was significantly increased and that of 15.10 µm was the largest (4.96 mmol Fe2+/g). Both the FRAP and DPPH values after digestion showed a trend of first increasing and subsequently decreasing; 74.85 µm GTP had the largest FRAP (4.11 mmol Fe2+/g) and DPPH (156.61 mg VCE/g) values after gastric digestion, and 34.62 µm GTP had the largest FRAP (0.16 mmol Fe2+/g) and DPPH (1.43 mg VCE/g) values after GI digestion. This study suggested that the bioaccessibilities of polyphenols and polysaccharides in GTPs and their antioxidant activity can be improved by properly reducing the particle size such that TGPs can exert more beneficial health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- 1Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China.,Xiaogan National Hi-techindustrial Development Zone, Xiaogan, 432000 Hubei Province People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- 1Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- 1Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xujie Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kpemissi M, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Veerapur VP, Potârniche AV, Adi K, Vijayakumar S, Banakar SM, Thimmaiah NV, Metowogo K, Aklikokou K. Antioxidant and nephroprotection activities of Combretum micranthum: A phytochemical, in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01365. [PMID: 30976670 PMCID: PMC6441829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of chronic renal failure is exceedingly expensive. Despite of encouraging experimental outcomes, there is a lack of potent nephroprotective drugable molecules in a clinics or market. To develop a nephroprotective phytomedicine, the present study was designed to do a literature survey on reported phytochemical and biological analysis of Combretum micranthum and to carry out chemoprofiling, in-vitro antioxidant and ex-vivo nephroprotective capacity of the title plant. The phytochemical and biological activity survey of C. micranthum has reveals the presence of many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids with many biological activities. Phytochemical investigation re-confirmed the presence of these compounds. Hydroalcoholic extract of C. micranthum (CM extract) showed a strong antioxidant activity by scavenging AAPH, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and chelating metal ions. CM extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) dose dependent inhibition of ferric chloride-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious and common complication leading to end stage renal disease. Therefore, in the present study, glucose-induced toxicity was also studied in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) as an in vitro model for diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that exposure of cells to high glucose (100 mM) for 72 h significantly reduced the cell viability resulting in morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounded cell shape and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Treatment with CM extract at 10 and 25 μg/mL resulted in significant improvement in cell viability from 10 to 23% compared to the high glucose control. This study demonstrated the potential antioxidant and nephroprotective properties of C. micranthum, justifying its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabozou Kpemissi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.,University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Veeresh P Veerapur
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Adrian-Valentin Potârniche
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur Street. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kodjo Adi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, B.H. Road, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddalingesh M Banakar
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Area Phase I, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - N V Thimmaiah
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Area Phase I, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hirai T, Nishimura Y, Kurata N, Namba H, Iwase M, Gomi Y, Tsuchiya H, Yamakawa T, Kiuchi Y. Effect of Benifuuki Tea on Cytochrome P450-mediated Metabolic Activity in Rats. In Vivo 2018; 32:33-40. [PMID: 29275296 PMCID: PMC5892631 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Benifuuki tea has recently been used as an alternative therapy for pollinosis, and it may be consumed with pharmaceutical drugs. This study aimed to examine cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated food-drug interactions with Benifuuki tea in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of Benifuuki tea and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3"Me) on CYP activities were evaluated in vitro. Midazolam pharmacokinetics was investigated after two treatments with Benifuuki tea. In an ex vivo study, CYP activities were determined after 1-week-treatment with the tea. RESULTS Benifuuki tea and EGCG3"Me inhibited CYP2D and CYP3A activities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. However, MDZ metabolism did not change by Benifuuki treatment in vivo and ex vivo. In contrast, CYP2D activity was decreased ex vivo. CONCLUSION Normal intake of Benifuuki tea is not likely to cause food-drug interactions by CYP3A inhibition or induction. In contrast, Benifuuki tea consumption may lead to food-drug interactions through the inhibition of CYP2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Hirai
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kurata
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, Fujiyoshida, Japan
| | - Hokuto Namba
- Showa University Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Iwase
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurika Gomi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramachandraiah K, Choi MJ, Hong GP. Micro- and nano-scaled materials for strategy-based applications in innovative livestock products: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Won YS, Kumazoe M, Takamatsu K, Shinoda Y, Sonoda S, Okada K, Okamoto T, Tachibana H. Green tea cultivar 'Benifuuki' potentiates split vaccine-induced immunoglobulin A production. J Nat Med 2016; 71:68-75. [PMID: 27488865 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a widespread disease caused by infection with the influenza virus. Vaccination is considered to be the main countermeasure against influenza. A split vaccine is widely used to avoid severe adverse events, and it induces strong humoral immunity. However, the split vaccine alone cannot elicit mucosal immunity, including IgA production, and its preventative effects are limited. Here, we show that the green tea cultivar 'Benifuuki' extract enhanced the effect of a split vaccine on mucosal immunity. The frequency of IgA+ cells was increased in lung and Peyer's patch that received Benifuuki diet. Secretion of hemagglutinin-specific mucosal IgA, which is closely linked to the prevention of viral infection, was significantly increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of split vaccine-immunized BALB/c mice that were administered green tea Benifuuki extract. Our findings suggest that Benifuuki intake enhanced the effects of the split vaccine on mucosal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kanako Takamatsu
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinoda
- Products Research and Development Laboratory, Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, 302-0106, Japan
| | - Saki Sonoda
- Products Research and Development Laboratory, Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, 302-0106, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Products Research and Development Laboratory, Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, 302-0106, Japan
| | - Takehisa Okamoto
- Products Research and Development Laboratory, Asahi Soft Drinks Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, 302-0106, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fujioka K, Iwamoto T, Shima H, Tomaru K, Saito H, Ohtsuka M, Yoshidome A, Kawamura Y, Manome Y. The Powdering Process with a Set of Ceramic Mills for Green Tea Promoted Catechin Extraction and the ROS Inhibition Effect. Molecules 2016; 21:474. [PMID: 27077834 PMCID: PMC6273883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For serving green tea, there are two prominent methods: steeping the leaf or the powdered leaf (matcha style) in hot water. The purpose of the present study was to reveal chemical and functional differences before and after the powdering process of green tea leaf, since powdered green tea may contribute to expanding the functionality because of the different ingesting style. In this study, we revealed that the powdering process with a ceramic mill and stirring in hot water increased the average extracted concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) by more than three times compared with that in leaf tea using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Moreover, powdered green tea has a higher inhibition effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro compared with the same amount of leaf tea. Our data suggest that powdered green tea might have a different function from leaf tea due to the higher catechin contents and particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Fujioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takeo Iwamoto
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Shima
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Keiko Tomaru
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hideki Saito
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ohtsuka
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Yoshidome
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuri Kawamura
- Health and Environment Systems Division, Consumer Electronics Company, Sharp Corporation, Osaka 581-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bohn T, McDougall GJ, Alegría A, Alminger M, Arrigoni E, Aura A, Brito C, Cilla A, El SN, Karakaya S, Martínez‐Cuesta MC, Santos CN. Mind the gap-deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites--a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1307-23. [PMID: 25988374 PMCID: PMC5033009 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Various secondary plant metabolites or phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have been associated with a variety of health benefits, such as reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer, most likely due to their involvement in ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress. However, discrepancies exist between their putative effects when comparing observational and intervention studies, especially when using pure compounds. These discrepancies may in part be explained by differences in intake levels and their bioavailability. Prior to exerting their bioactivity, these compounds must be made bioavailable, and considerable differences may arise due to their matrix release, changes during digestion, uptake, metabolism, and biodistribution, even before considering dose- and host-related factors. Though many insights have been gained on factors affecting secondary plant metabolite bioavailability, many gaps still exist in our knowledge. In this position paper, we highlight several major gaps in our understanding of phytochemical bioavailability, including effects of food processing, changes during digestion, involvement of cellular transporters in influx/efflux through the gastrointestinal epithelium, changes during colonic fermentation, and their phase I and phase II metabolism following absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvauxLuxembourg
| | | | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science AreaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of ValenciaAv. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/nBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Marie Alminger
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden
| | - Eva Arrigoni
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS)WädenswilSwitzerland
| | | | - Catarina Brito
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science AreaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of ValenciaAv. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/nBurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Sedef N. El
- Ege UniversityEngineering Faculty, Food Engineering DepartmentIzmirTurkey
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Ege UniversityEngineering Faculty, Food Engineering DepartmentIzmirTurkey
| | | | - Claudia N. Santos
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bohn T, McDougall GJ, Alegría A, Alminger M, Arrigoni E, Aura A, Brito C, Cilla A, El SN, Karakaya S, Martínez‐Cuesta MC, Santos CN. Mind the gap—deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites—a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400745 pmid: 25988374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Belvaux Luxembourg
| | | | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Marie Alminger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Arrigoni
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences (IFS) Wädenswil Switzerland
| | | | - Catarina Brito
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Sedef N. El
- Ege University Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Izmir Turkey
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Ege University Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department Izmir Turkey
| | | | - Claudia N. Santos
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Oeiras Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu P, Wen C, Leng Z, Zhou Y. Effect of oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) powder particle size on growth performance, fat deposition, meat quality and antioxidant activity in meat ducks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
While many epidemiological studies have associated the consumption of polyphenols within fruits and vegetables with a decreased risk of developing several chronic diseases, intervention studies have generally not confirmed these beneficial effects. The reasons for this discrepancy are not fully understood but include potential differences in dosing, interaction with the food matrix, and differences in polyphenol bioavailability. In addition to endogenous factors such as microbiota and digestive enzymes, the food matrix can also considerably affect bioaccessibility, uptake, and further metabolism of polyphenols. While dietary fiber (such as hemicellulose), divalent minerals, and viscous and protein-rich meals are likely to cause detrimental effects on polyphenol bioaccessibility, digestible carbohydrates, dietary lipids (especially for hydrophobic polyphenols, e.g., curcumin), and additional antioxidants may enhance polyphenol availability. Following epithelial uptake, polyphenols such as flavonoids may reduce phase II metabolism and excretion, enhancing polyphenol bioavailability. Furthermore, polyphenols may act synergistically due to their influence on efflux transporters such as p-glycoprotein. In order to understand polyphenol bioactivity, increased knowledge of the factors affecting polyphenol bioavailability, including dietary factors, is paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Department, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oritani Y, Setoguchi Y, Ito R, Maruki-Uchida H, Ichiyanagi T, Ito T. Comparison of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and O-methyl EGCG bioavailability in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 36:1577-82. [PMID: 24088254 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl)gallate (EGCG3″Me) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)gallate (EGCG4″Me) are O-methyl derivatives of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) present in tea cultivars such as Benifuuki. Although O-methyl EGCGs have various bioactivities, their bioavailabilities have not been determined. In this study, we compared the bioavailability of EGCG and O-methyl EGCGs in rats, and clarified the pharmacokinetics of O-methyl EGCGs. Following oral administration (100 mg/kg), the areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) for EGCG, EGCG3″Me, and EGCG4″Me were 39.6 ± 14.2 µg·h/L, 317.2 ± 43.7 µg·h/L, and 51.9 ± 11.0 µg·h/L, respectively. The AUC after intravenous administration (10 mg/kg) was 2772 ± 480 µg·h/L for EGCG, 8209 ± 549 µg·h/L for EGCG3″Me, and 2465 ± 262 µg·h/L for EGCG4″Me. The bioavailability of EGCG3″Me (0.38%) was the highest (EGCG: 0.14% and EGCG4″Me: 0.21%). The distribution volume of EGCG3″Me (0.26 ± 0.02 L/kg) was the lowest (EGCG: 0.94 ± 0.16 L/kg and EGCG4″Me: 0.93 ± 0.14 L/kg). These results suggested that the higher AUC of EGCG3″Me after oral administration was related to its high bioavailability and low distribution volume. These findings supported the stronger bioactivity of EGCG3″Me in vivo.
Collapse
|
21
|
Setoguchi Y, Oritani Y, Ito R, Inagaki H, Maruki-Uchida H, Ichiyanagi T, Ito T. Absorption and metabolism of piceatannol in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2541-2548. [PMID: 24625210 DOI: 10.1021/jf404694y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Piceatannol (trans-3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), a natural analogue of resveratrol, has multiple biological functions. Nevertheless, piceatannol's biological fate is yet to be determined. In this study, we evaluated the absorption and metabolism of piceatannol in rats. Furthermore, the area under the plasma concentration curves (AUC) and metabolic pathway of piceatannol were compared with those of resveratrol. We determined the plasma concentrations of piceatannol, resveratrol, and their respective metabolites following their intragastric administration. Resveratrol metabolites were only conjugates, whereas piceatannol metabolites were piceatannol conjugates, O-methyl piceatannol, and its conjugates. The AUC for piceatannol, resveratrol, and their metabolites increased in a dose-dependent manner (90-360 μmol/kg). The AUC for total piceatannol was less than that for total resveratrol, whereas the AUC for piceatannol (8.6 μmol·h/L) after piceatannol and resveratrol coadministration was 2.1 times greater than that for resveratrol (4.1 μmol·h/L). The greater AUC for piceatannol was a result of its higher metabolic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Setoguchi
- Research Institute, Morinaga & CO., Ltd. , 2-1-16 Sachiura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0003, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abourashed EA. Bioavailability of Plant-Derived Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:309-25. [PMID: 26784467 PMCID: PMC4665521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products with antioxidant properties have been extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical and food industry and have also been very popular as health-promoting herbal products. This review provides a summary of the literature published around the first decade of the 21st century regarding the oral bioavailability of carotenoids, polyphenols and sulfur compounds as the three major classes of plant-derived antioxidants. The reviewed original research includes more than 40 compounds belonging to the above mentioned classes of natural antioxidants. In addition, related reviews published during the same period have been cited. A brief introduction to general bioavailability-related definitions, procedures and considerations is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abourashed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Green tea extract containing a highly absorbent catechin prevents diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2749. [PMID: 24067358 PMCID: PMC3782887 DOI: 10.1038/srep02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of extracts of Benifuuki (a tea cultivar that contains methylated catechins such as epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3”Me)) in mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet. This tea cultivar was then compared with an extract of Yabukita (a popular tea cultivar that lacks methylated catechins). For 6 weeks, C57BL/6J mice were fed either HF/HS diet with or without tea extracts from tea cultivars, which contained almost identical ingredients except for methylated catechins (i.e., Yabukita (0.2% and 1%) or Benifuuki (0.2% and 1%) extract powders). Supplementation with Benifuuki 0.2% markedly lowered plasma levels of TG and NEFAs compared with mice supplemented with Yabukita 0.2%. The diet containing Benifuuki 1% decreased adipose tissue weights, liver TG, and expression of lipogenic genes in the liver. These results suggested that Benifuuki had much greater lipid-lowering effects than Yabukita. Taken together, these data suggest that methylated catechins direct the strong lipid-lowering activity of Benifuuki.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kurita I, Kim JH, Auger C, Kinoshita Y, Miyase T, Ito T, Schini-Kerth VB. Hydroxylation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate at 3'', but not 4'', is essential for the PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase in endothelial cells and relaxation of coronary artery rings. Food Funct 2013; 4:249-57. [PMID: 23104077 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) has been shown to induce endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation via the redox-sensitive Src/PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Although the presence of 8 hydroxyl functions, mainly on B and D rings, is essential for the EGCg-induced activation of eNOS, the relative role of each individual hydroxyl function still remains unclear. This study examined the effect of selective replacement of hydroxyl functions by methoxy moieties on either the B or D ring on the EGCg-induced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO in cultured coronary artery endothelial cells, and endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary artery rings. Replacement of a single hydroxyl by the methoxy group on position 3', 4' or 4'' affected little the EGCg-induced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, formation of ROS and NO in endothelial cells, and induction of endothelium-dependent relaxations. In contrast, the single methylation at position 3'' and the double methylation at both positions 3' and 4' reduced markedly the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, the formation of ROS and NO in endothelial cells and the relaxation of artery rings. These findings suggest that the hydroxyl group at the 3'' position of the gallate ring is essential and, also, to some extent, the two hydroxyl groups at positions 3' and 4', for the EGCg-induced redox-sensitive activation of eNOS leading to the subsequent NO-mediated vascular relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kurita
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Murakami A, Ohnishi K. Target molecules of food phytochemicals: food science bound for the next dimension. Food Funct 2012; 3:462-76. [PMID: 22377900 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are generally defined as secondary metabolites in plants that play crucial roles in their adaptation to a variety of environmental stressors. There is a great body of compelling evidence showing that these metabolites have pronounced potentials for regulating and modulating human health and disease onset, as shown by both experimental and epidemiological approaches. Concurrently, enormous efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of actions underlying their biological and physiological functions. For example, the pioneering work of Tachibana et al. uncovered the receptor for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) as the 67 kDa laminin receptor, which was shown to partially mediate the functions of EGCg, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-proliferative activities. Thereafter, several protein kinases were identified as binding proteins of flavonoids, including myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Isothiocyanates, sulfur-containing phytochemicals present in cruciferous plants, are well known to target Keap1 for activating the transcription factor Nrf2 for inducing self-defensive and anti-oxidative gene expression. In addition, we recently identified CD36 as a cell surface receptor for ursolic acid, a triterpenoid ubiquitously occurring in plants. Importantly, the above mentioned target proteins are indispensable for phytochemicals to exhibit, at least in part, their bioactivities. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assume that some of the activities and potential toxicities of metabolites are exerted via their interactions with unidentified, off-target proteins. This notion may be supported by the fact that even rationally designed drugs occasionally display off-target effects and induce unexpected outcomes, including toxicity. Here we update the current status and future directions of research related to target molecules of food phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|