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Eskandarion MR, Eskandarieh S, Tutunchi S, Shakoori Farahani A, Shirkoohi R. Investigating the role of circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:59. [PMID: 38554188 PMCID: PMC10981629 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their characteristics is still controversial in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, in this study, to provide a comprehensive review and meta-analyses of the literature on association of CTCs with gastric cancer, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses conducted during February 2022 using the keywords. Risk of bias, hazard ratios (HRs), and risk differences (RD) were assessed. Forty-five studies containing 3,342 GC patients from nine countries were assessed. The overall prevalence of CTC in GC was 69.37% (60.27, 77.78). The pooled result showed that increased mortality in GC patients was significantly associated with positive CTCs, poor overall survival (HR = 2.73, 95%CI 2.34-3.24, p < 0.001), and progression-free survival rate (HR = 2.78, 95%CI 2.01-3.85, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses regarding markers, detection methods, treatment type, presence of distance metastasis, presence of lymph node metastasis, and overall risk of bias showed significant associations between the groups in terms of the incidence rates of CTCs, OS, and PFS. In addition, the results of risk differences based on sampling time showed that the use of the cell search method (RD: - 0.19, 95%CI (- 0.28, - 0.10), p < 0.001), epithelial marker (RD: - 0.12, 95%CI (- 0.25, 0.00), p 0.05) and mesenchymal markers (RD: - 0.35, 95%CI (- 0.57, - 0.13), p 0.002) before the treatment might have a higher diagnostic power to identify CTCs and also chemotherapy treatment (RD: - 0.17, 95%CI (- 0.31, - 0.03), p 0.016) could significantly reduce the number of CTCs after the treatment. We also found that the risk differences between the clinical early and advanced stages were not statistically significant (RD: - 0.10, 95%CI (- 0.23, 0.02), P 0.105). Also, in the Lauren classification, the incidence of CTC in the diffuse type (RD: - 0.19, 95%CI (- 0.37, - 0.01), P0.045) was higher than that in the intestinal type. Meta-regression analysis showed that baseline characteristics were not associated with the detection of CTCs in GC patients. According to our systematic review and meta-analysis, CTCs identification may be suggested as a diagnostic technique for gastric cancer screening, and the outcomes of CTC detection may also be utilized in the future to create personalized medicine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Tutunchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shakoori Farahani
- Medical Genetics Ward, IKHC Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, IKHC, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kahounová Z, Pícková M, Drápela S, Bouchal J, Szczyrbová E, Navrátil J, Souček K. Circulating tumor cell-derived preclinical models: current status and future perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:530. [PMID: 37591867 PMCID: PMC10435501 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancements made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the stages associated with metastasis remain largely incurable and represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The dissemination of cancer is facilitated by circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which originate from the primary tumor or metastatic sites and enter the bloodstream, subsequently spreading to distant parts of the body. CTCs have garnered significant attention in research due to their accessibility in peripheral blood, despite their low abundance. They are being extensively studied to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer dissemination and to identify effective therapeutic strategies for advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, substantial efforts have been directed towards establishing and characterizing relevant experimental models derived from CTCs, aiming to provide relevant tools for research. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the establishment of preclinical CTC-derived models, such as CTC-derived xenografts (CDX) and cell cultures, which show promise for the study of CTCs. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these models and conclude by summarizing the potential future use of CTCs and CTC-derived models in cancer treatment decisions and their utility as precision medicine tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kahounová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Pícková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Drápela
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Szczyrbová
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Navrátil
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Vasantharajan SS, Barnett E, Gray ES, Rodger EJ, Eccles MR, Pattison S, Munro F, Chatterjee A. Size-Based Method for Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2588:231-248. [PMID: 36418692 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2780-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are precursors of the metastatic cascade, which is responsible for 90% of all cancer-related deaths. CTCs arise from solid tumors and travel through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Developments in the isolation and analysis of CTCs promise potential biomarker assays for detection and monitoring of cancer through a minimally invasive procedure. Despite this, the precise role of CTCs in metastasis remains poorly characterized, mainly due to the low density of CTCs (1-10 CTCs per 10 mL of blood) present in patient blood and the lack of robust methods for their isolation in a standard laboratory setting. CellSearch is currently the only FDA-approved CTC enrichment protocol, but limitations of this EpCAM-based method include cost, availability, and the use of a single surface marker for capture. To address these limitations, we have optimized an existing method, MetaCell, which exploits the differences in size of CTCs compared to other blood cells for CTC enrichment from blood. MetaCell contains a membrane with 8 μm pores, and blood is filtered through this kit by capillary action and CTCs, which are typically larger than the pores and remain on top of the membrane, while most leukocytes pass through the pores. The membrane along with these CTCs can be detached and transferred to 6-well plates for culturing or directly used for characterization. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for enrichment of CTCs using the filtration device MetaCell and a procedure for characterization of CTCs by immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shyam Vasantharajan
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Edward Barnett
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elin S Gray
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Euan J Rodger
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Pattison
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fran Munro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- UPES University, School of Health Sciences, Dehradun, India.
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Assessment of a Size-Based Method for Enriching Circulating Tumour Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143446. [PMID: 35884509 PMCID: PMC9319975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTC) from solid tumours are a prerequisite for metastasis. Isolating CTCs and understanding their biology is essential for developing new clinical tests and precision oncology. Currently, CellSearch is the only FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)-approved method for CTC enrichment but possesses several drawbacks owing to a reliance on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and a resource-intensive nature. Addressing these shortcomings, we optimised an existing size-based method, MetaCell, to enrich CTCs from blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We evaluated the ability of MetaCell to enrich CTCs by spiking blood with CRC cell lines and assessing the cell recovery rates and WBC depletion via immunostaining and gene expression. We then applied MetaCell to samples from 17 CRC patients and seven controls. Recovery rates were >85% in cell lines, with >95% depletion in WBCs. MetaCell yielded CTCs and CTC clusters in 52.9% and 23.5% of the patients, respectively, without false positives in control patients. CTCs and cluster detection did not correlate with histopathological parameters. Overall, we demonstrated that the MetaCell platform enriched CRC cells with high recovery rates and high purity. Our pilot study also demonstrated the ability of MetaCell to detect CTCs in CRC patients.
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Cell Lines of Circulating Tumor Cells: What Is Known and What Needs to Be Resolved. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050666. [PMID: 35629089 PMCID: PMC9148030 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is well recognized. However, the biological characteristics of CTC in the bloodstream have not yet been examined in detail, due to the limited number of CTC cell lines currently available. Thirty-nine CTC cell lines were reported by 2021. For successful cell culturing, these CTC cell lines were reviewed. Previous studies on short-term cultures of CTC also analyzed approaches for establishing the long-term culture of CTC. Negative selection, hypoxic conditions, three-dimensional conditions, and careful management are preferable for the long-term culture of CTC. However, the establishment of CTC cell lines is dependent on the specific characteristics of each cell type. Therefore, a method to establish CTC cell lines has not yet been developed. Further efforts are needed to resolve this issue.
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De Angelis ML, Francescangeli F, Nicolazzo C, Signore M, Giuliani A, Colace L, Boe A, Magri V, Baiocchi M, Ciardi A, Scarola F, Spada M, La Torre F, Gazzaniga P, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Zeuner A. An organoid model of colorectal circulating tumor cells with stem cell features, hybrid EMT state and distinctive therapy response profile. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:86. [PMID: 35260172 PMCID: PMC8903172 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the metastatic dissemination of colorectal cancer (CRC) to the liver, lungs and lymph nodes. CTCs rarity and heterogeneity strongly limit the elucidation of their biological features, as well as preclinical drug sensitivity studies aimed at metastasis prevention. Methods We generated organoids from CTCs isolated from an orthotopic CRC xenograft model. CTCs-derived organoids (CTCDOs) were characterized through proteome profiling, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, tumor-forming capacity and drug screening assays. The expression of intra- and extracellular markers found in CTCDOs was validated on CTCs isolated from the peripheral blood of CRC patients. Results CTCDOs exhibited a hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and an increased expression of stemness-associated markers including the two homeobox transcription factors Goosecoid and Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox Gene-1 (PDX1), which were also detected in CTCs from CRC patients. Functionally, CTCDOs showed a higher migratory/invasive ability and a different response to pathway-targeted drugs as compared to xenograft-derived organoids (XDOs). Specifically, CTCDOs were more sensitive than XDOs to drugs affecting the Survivin pathway, which decreased the levels of Survivin and X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) inducing CTCDOs death. Conclusions These results indicate that CTCDOs recapitulate several features of colorectal CTCs and may be used to investigate the features of metastatic CRC cells, to identify new prognostic biomarkers and to devise new potential strategies for metastasis prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02263-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Francescangeli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nicolazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Liquid Biopsy Unit, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Colace
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magri
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Baiocchi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciardi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Scarola
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo La Torre
- Surgical Sciences and Emergency Department, Policlinico Umberto I/Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Liquid Biopsy Unit, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Yang CS, Kim IH, Chae HD, Kim DD, Jeon CH. Detection of Circulating Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells in Conditionally Reprogrammed Cell Culture. In Vivo 2021; 35:1515-1520. [PMID: 33910829 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of this study was to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood of gastrointestinal cancer patients using conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS We confirmed the sensitivity of the CRC culture method. Five ml of blood were obtained from 81 cancer patients (56 colorectal and 25 gastric). The collected mononuclear cells were cultured for 4 weeks in the CRC condition. Finally, cultured cells were characterized by RT-PCR for the expression of hTERT and MAGE A1-6 mRNA. RESULTS The CRC method had a CTC detection limit of 6 cells for gastric cancer cells. After culture of 81 blood specimens, 38 formed visible cells, including 5 colonies. Among the 38 cells, 13 were hTERT positive and 4 were MAGE A1-6 positive. The final CTC detection rate was 16.0%. CONCLUSION The CRC culture may potentially be used to evaluate the metastatic cancer cells in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Seok Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Chae
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Dong Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Carmona-Ule N, González-Conde M, Abuín C, Cueva JF, Palacios P, López-López R, Costa C, Dávila-Ibáñez AB. Short-Term Ex Vivo Culture of CTCs from Advance Breast Cancer Patients: Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112668. [PMID: 34071445 PMCID: PMC8198105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for metastasis, they represent tumor biology and have also predictive value for therapy monitoring and prognosis of metastatic breast cancer patients. In the blood, CTCs are found in low frequency and a small percentage of them survive. Therefore, achieving their expansion in vitro will allow performing characterization and functional analysis. In this work, we used growth factors and Nanoemulsions to support CTCs culture. We have seen that the CTCs subpopulation capable of ex vivo expanding presented mesenchymal and stem characteristics and loss of epithelial markers. Besides, CTC culture predicted progression-free survival. Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have relevance as prognostic markers in breast cancer. However, the functional properties of CTCs or their molecular characterization have not been well-studied. Experimental models indicate that only a few cells can survive in the circulation and eventually metastasize. Thus, it is essential to identify these surviving cells capable of forming such metastases. Methods: We isolated viable CTCs from 50 peripheral blood samples obtained from 35 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer using RosetteSepTM for ex vivo culture. The CTCs were seeded and monitored on plates under low adherence conditions and with media supplemented with growth factors and Nanoemulsions. Phenotypic analysis was performed by immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis using RT-PCR and CTCs counting by the Cellsearch® system. Results: We found that in 75% of samples the CTC cultures lasted more than 23 days, predicting a shorter Progression-Free Survival in these patients, independently of having ≥5 CTC by Cellsearch®. We also observed that CTCs before and after culture showed a different gene expression profile. Conclusions: the cultivability of CTCs is a predictive factor. Furthermore, the subset of cells capable of growing ex vivo show stem or mesenchymal features and may represent the CTC population with metastatic potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carmona-Ule
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Miriam González-Conde
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Carmen Abuín
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
| | - Juan F. Cueva
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Palacios
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clotilde Costa
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.C.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.B.D.-I.); Tel.: +34-981-955-602 (C.C.)
| | - Ana Belén Dávila-Ibáñez
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.C.-U.); (M.G.-C.); (C.A.); (R.L.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.B.D.-I.); Tel.: +34-981-955-602 (C.C.)
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Kolostova K, Pospisilova E, Pavlickova V, Bartos R, Sames M, Pawlak I, Bobek V. Next generation sequencing of glioblastoma circulating tumor cells: non-invasive solution for disease monitoring. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4489-4499. [PMID: 34150029 PMCID: PMC8205800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of aggressive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) must be based on very precise histological and molecular diagnostic of GBM type. According to the WHO guidelines, only tissue biopsy is a relevant source of cellular material evaluated in the diagnostic process to specify the tumor features. Nevertheless, obtaining a GBM biopsy is complicated and relies mostly on resection surgery. Evaluating circulating free DNA and/or circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the clinic, using a liquid biopsy could represent a non-invasive cancer care optimization. In the present study, the peripheral blood of patients undergoing GBM resection (n = 18) was collected and examined for CTCs. The feasibility of GBM molecular diagnostics from a simple non-invasive peripheral blood withdrawal was evaluated. The size-based enriched CTCs were analyzed using cytomorphology and their origin confirmed based on mutational analysis. In addition, shared DNA mutations in CTCs and in primary tumor tissue were searched. For the identification of CTCs, next generation sequencing (NGS) was used. The GeneReader™ sequencing platform enables targeted sequencing of a 12-gene panel and direct evaluation of detected gene variations using QIAGEN Clinical Insight Analyze (QCI-A) software with a special algorithm for liquid biopsy sequencing analysis. Herein, we present a standard operating procedure for CTC enrichment in GBM patients, CTC in vitro culture, CTC cytomorphological evaluation, and NGS analysis of CTCs using the QIAGEN Actionable Insights Tumor (ATP) Panel. CTCs were present in all tested patients (18/18). The NGS data generated for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary tumor tissues and CTCs reached significantly high-quality parameters. The comparisons between different sample types (CTCs vs. primary tumors) and sampling area (different primary tumor regions) showed a significant level of concordance, indicating CTC testing could be used for patient monitoring and recurrence awareness. Notably, more mutations were detected when analyzing CTC samples compared with the paired primary tumors (n = 3). The results confirm the feasibility of using CTCs as a source of tumor DNA in a diagnostic process, especially when evaluating the molecular characteristics of GBMs. A major advantage of the presented NGS approach for detecting CTCs is the simultaneous identification of several markers relevant for GBM diagnostics, allowing molecular diagnostics on cytological specimens and potential administration of innovative targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kolostova
- Department of Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske VinohradySrobarova 50, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Pospisilova
- Department of Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske VinohradySrobarova 50, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Pavlickova
- Department of Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske VinohradySrobarova 50, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bartos
- Department of Neurosurgery of The J.E. Purkinje University, Masaryk HospitalSociální péče 12A, Ústí nad Labem, 40113, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sames
- Department of Neurosurgery of The J.E. Purkinje University, Masaryk HospitalSociální péče 12A, Ústí nad Labem, 40113, Czech Republic
| | - Ireneusz Pawlak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Cancer CenterWroclaw, Plac Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vladimir Bobek
- Department of Personalized Medicine, University Hospital Kralovske VinohradySrobarova 50, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
- 3rd Department of Surgery University Hospital Motol and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk’s Hospital, Krajska zdravotni a.s.Socialni pece 3316/12A, 40113 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Cancer CenterWroclaw, Plac Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Memarpour S, Khalili-Tanha G, Ghannad AA, Razavi MS, Joudi M, Joodi M, Ferns GA, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Avan A. The Clinical Application of Circulating Tumor Cells and DNAs as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:676-688. [PMID: 33719973 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210311090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most common cancers globally. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis. The conventional methods for diagnosis and screening for GI cancers are often invasive and have other limitations. In the era of personalized medicine, a novel non-invasive approach called liquid biopsy has been introduced for the detection and management of GI cancers, which focuses on the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA). Several studies have shown that this new approach allows for an improved understanding of GI tumor biology and will lead to an improvement in clinical management. The aim of the current review is to explore the clinical applications of CTCs and ctDNA in patients with GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Memarpour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Awa Alizadeh Ghannad
- Department of biological sciences, California state University, Sacramento, California. United States
| | - Masoud Sharifian Razavi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Mona Joudi
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Marjan Joodi
- Sarvar Children's Hospital, Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH. United Kingdom
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
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11
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Leja M, Linē A. Early detection of gastric cancer beyond endoscopy - new methods. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 50-51:101731. [PMID: 33975677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of gastric cancer is remaining a challenge. This review summarizes current knowledge on non-invasive methods that could be used for the purpose. The role of traditional cancer markers such as CEA, CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CA 12-5 lies mainly in therapy monitoring than early detection. Most extensive studied biomarkers (pepsinogens, ABC method) are aiming at the detection of precancerous lesions with modest sensitivity for cancer. Tests based on the detection of cancer-specific methylation patterns (PanSeer), circulating proteins and mutations in circulating tumour DNA (CancerSEEK), as well as miRNA panels have demonstrated promising results bringing those closer to practice. More extensive research is required before tests based on the detection of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and cell-free RNA could reach the practice. Detection of volatile organic compounds in the human breath is a promising development; sensor technologies for this purpose could be very attractive in screening settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mārcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, 1 Gailezera iela iela, LV1079, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Latvia.
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12
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Hirose S, Moriwaki T, Yamaura M, Suganuma D, Tajima H, Sato M, Enami C, Yamada T, Yamamoto Y, Sakamoto N, Hyodo I. A case of advanced gastric cancer showing HER2 positivity after chemotherapy. Int Cancer Conf J 2020; 9:112-115. [PMID: 32582513 PMCID: PMC7297895 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-020-00412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 63-year-old man had advanced poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastases. No HER2 expression was observed in four endoscopic biopsies from the primary tumor. Tumors shrunk after S-1 with cisplatin treatment, and he underwent simple gastrectomy due to stenosis. Interestingly, HER2 diffusely overexpressed in the resected surgical specimen. His disease was stable with trastuzumab-containing therapy for 6.4 months. This case may suggest a selection of HER2-positive cells that were insensitive to the chemotherapy, and further study is needed for the change of intratumoral HER2 heterogeneity after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Hirose
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Moriwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamaura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Daisuke Suganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tajima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masashi Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Chiaki Enami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Noriaki Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
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13
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Kolenčík D, Shishido SN, Pitule P, Mason J, Hicks J, Kuhn P. Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Carcinoma: Clinical Applications and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1376. [PMID: 32471160 PMCID: PMC7352156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is characterized by wide intratumor heterogeneity with general genomic instability and there is a need for improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. The liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive route of sample collection for analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and genomic material, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as a complementary biopsy to the solid tumor tissue. The solid biopsy is critical for molecular characterization and diagnosis at the time of collection. The liquid biopsy has the advantage of longitudinal molecular characterization of the disease, which is crucial for precision medicine and patient-oriented treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of CRC and the different methodologies for the detection of CTCs and cfDNA, followed by a discussion on the potential clinical utility of the liquid biopsy in CRC patient care, and lastly, current challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomír Kolenčík
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Stephanie N. Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Pavel Pitule
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Jeremy Mason
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
- USC Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (S.N.S.); (J.M.); (J.H.)
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14
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Klezl P, Pospisilova E, Kolostova K, Sonsky J, Maly O, Grill R, Pawlak I, Bobek V. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Disease Stage Correlation and Molecular Characterization. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051372. [PMID: 32392757 PMCID: PMC7291128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with solid tumors is associated with poor prognosis. However, there are limited data concerning the detection of CTCs in renal cell cancer (RCC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of CTCs in peripheral blood of patients with RCC undergoing surgery (n = 186). CTCs were tested before and after surgery as well as during the follow-up period afterwards. In total 495 CTC testing in duplicates were provided. To enrich CTCs, a size-based separation protocol and tube MetaCell® was used. CTCs presence was evaluated by single cell cytomorphology based on vital fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, to standardly applied fluorescence stains, CTCs viability was controlled by mitochondrial activity. CTCs were detected independently on the sampling order in up to 86.7% of the tested blood samples in patients undergoing RCC surgery. There is higher probability of CTC detection with growing tumor size, especially in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) cases. Similarly, the tumor size corresponds with metastasis presence and lymph node positivity and CTC detection. This paper describes for the first-time successful analysis of viable CTCs and their mitochondria as a part of the functional characterization of CTCs in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klezl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Eliska Pospisilova
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (R.G.)
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.M.)
| | - Katarina Kolostova
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.M.)
| | - Jindrich Sonsky
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Ondrej Maly
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.M.)
| | - Robert Grill
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Ireneusz Pawlak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wroclaw, Plac Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Vladimir Bobek
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 50, 10034 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.M.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lower Silesian Cancer Center, Wroclaw, Plac Ludwika Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland;
- 3rd Department of Surgery University Hospital Motol, 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk´s Hospital, Krajska zdravotni a.s., Socialni pece 3316/12A, 40113 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-26716-31-42
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15
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Circulating tumor cell as the functional aspect of liquid biopsy to understand the metastatic cascade in solid cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Identifying Metastatic Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051696. [PMID: 32121639 PMCID: PMC7084665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality represents the complex and multistage process. The entrance of tumor cells into the blood vessels and the appearance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seeding and colonizing distant tissues and organs are one of the key stages in the metastatic cascade. Like the primary tumor, CTCs are extremely heterogeneous and presented by clusters and individual cells which consist of phenotypically and genetically distinct subpopulations. However, among this diversity, only a small number of CTCs is able to survive in the bloodstream and to form metastases. The identification of the metastasis-initiating CTCs is believed to be a critical issue in developing therapeutic strategies against metastatic disease. In this review, we summarize the available literature addressing morphological, phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of CTCs and the molecular makeup of specific subpopulations associated with BC metastasis. Special attention is paid to the need for in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of metastasis-associating CTCs. Finally, we consider treatment approaches that could be effective to eradicate metastatic CTCs and to prevent metastasis.
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17
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Lee MW, Kim GH, Jeon HK, Park SJ. Clinical Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gastric Cancer. Gut Liver 2020; 13:394-401. [PMID: 30970448 PMCID: PMC6622568 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and accurate monitoring of cancer is important for improving clinical outcomes. Endoscopic biopsy and/or surgical resection specimens are the gold standard for diagnosing gastric cancer and are also useful for selecting therapeutic strategies based on the analysis of genomic/immune parameters. However, these approaches cannot be easily performed because of their invasiveness and because these specimens do not always reflect tumor dynamics and drug sensitivities during therapeutic processes, especially chemotherapy. Accordingly, many researchers have tried to develop noninvasive novel biomarkers that can monitor real-time tumor dynamics for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and prediction of recurrence and therapeutic efficacy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastatic cells that are released from the primary tumors into the blood stream and comprise a crucial step in hematogenous metastasis. CTCs, as a liquid biopsy, have received a considerable amount of attention from researchers since they are easily accessible in peripheral blood, avoiding the invasiveness associated with traditional biopsy techniques; they can also be used to derive clinical information for monitoring disease status. In this review, with respect to CTCs, we summarize the metastatic cascade, detection methods, clinical applications, and prospects for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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18
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Advances in the Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Single Cell Analyses and Interactions, and Patient-Derived Models for Drug Testing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1220:61-80. [PMID: 32304080 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of breast cancer death worldwide. In metastatic breast cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be captured from patient blood samples sequentially over time and thereby serve as surrogates to assess the biology of surviving cancer cells that may still persist in solitary or multiple metastatic sites following treatment. CTCs may thus function as potential real-time decision-making guides for selecting appropriate therapies during the course of disease or for the development and testing of new treatments. The heterogeneous nature of CTCs warrants the use of single cell platforms to better inform our understanding of these cancer cells. Current techniques for single cell analyses and techniques for investigating interactions between cancer and immune cells are discussed. In addition, methodologies for growing patient-derived CTCs in vitro or propagating them in vivo to facilitate CTC drug testing are reviewed. We advocate the use of CTCs in appropriate microenvironments to appraise the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and for the development of new cancer treatments, fundamental to personalizing and improving the clinical management of metastatic breast cancer.
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19
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Huaman J, Naidoo M, Zang X, Ogunwobi OO. Fibronectin Regulation of Integrin B1 and SLUG in Circulating Tumor Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060618. [PMID: 31226820 PMCID: PMC6627780 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a critical step in the metastatic cascade and a good tool to study this process. We isolated CTCs from a syngeneic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a human xenograft mouse model of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). From these models, novel primary tumor and CTC cell lines were established. CTCs exhibited greater migration than primary tumor-derived cells, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as observed from decreased E-cadherin and increased SLUG and fibronectin expression. Additionally, when fibronectin was knocked down in CTCs, integrin B1 and SLUG were decreased, indicating regulation of these molecules by fibronectin. Investigation of cell surface molecules and secreted cytokines conferring immunomodulatory advantage to CTCs revealed decreased major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) expression and decreased endostatin, C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), and proliferin secretion by CTCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that CTCs exhibit distinct characteristics from primary tumor-derived cells. Furthermore, CTCs demonstrate enhanced migration in part through fibronectin regulation of integrin B1 and SLUG. Further study of CTC biology will likely uncover additional important mechanisms of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Huaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Michelle Naidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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20
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Tellez-Gabriel M, Cochonneau D, Cadé M, Jubellin C, Heymann MF, Heymann D. Circulating Tumor Cell-Derived Pre-Clinical Models for Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010019. [PMID: 30586936 PMCID: PMC6356998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death from cancer is associated with the development of metastases, resulting from the inability of current therapies to cure patients at metastatic stages. Generating preclinical models to better characterize the evolution of the disease is thus of utmost importance, in order to implement effective new cancer biomarkers and therapies. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are good candidates for generating preclinical models, making it possible to follow up the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumor tissues. This method is a non-invasive liquid biopsy that can be obtained at any stage of the disease. It partially summarizes the molecular heterogeneity of the corresponding tumors at a given time. Here, we discuss the CTC-derived models that have been generated so far, from simplified 2D cultures to the most complex CTC-derived explants (CDX models). We highlight the challenges and strengths of these preclinical tools, as well as some of the recent studies published using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tellez-Gabriel
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, The Artic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
| | - Marie Cadé
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Camille Jubellin
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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21
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Recent advances and perspectives on capture and concentration of label-free rare cells for biomedical science and engineering research. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Sharma S, Zhuang R, Long M, Pavlovic M, Kang Y, Ilyas A, Asghar W. Circulating tumor cell isolation, culture, and downstream molecular analysis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1063-1078. [PMID: 29559380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a major contributor of cancer metastases and hold a promising prognostic significance in cancer detection. Performing functional and molecular characterization of CTCs provides an in-depth knowledge about this lethal disease. Researchers are making efforts to design devices and develop assays for enumeration of CTCs with a high capture and detection efficiency from whole blood of cancer patients. The existing and on-going research on CTC isolation methods has revealed cell characteristics which are helpful in cancer monitoring and designing of targeted cancer treatments. In this review paper, a brief summary of existing CTC isolation methods is presented. We also discuss methods of detaching CTC from functionalized surfaces (functional assays/devices) and their further use for ex-vivo culturing that aid in studies regarding molecular properties that encourage metastatic seeding. In the clinical applications section, we discuss a number of cases that CTCs can play a key role for monitoring metastases, drug treatment response, and heterogeneity profiling regarding biomarkers and gene expression studies that bring treatment design further towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sharma
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Rachel Zhuang
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Marisa Long
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlovic
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Ocean & Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Azhar Ilyas
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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23
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Uchôa Guimarães CT, Ferreira Martins NN, Cristina da Silva Oliveira K, Almeida CM, Pinheiro TM, Gigek CO, Roberto de Araújo Cavallero S, Assumpção PP, Cardoso Smith MA, Burbano RR, Calcagno DQ. Liquid biopsy provides new insights into gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15144-15156. [PMID: 29599934 PMCID: PMC5871105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have great promise for precision medicine as they provide information about primary and metastatic tumors via a minimally invasive method. In gastric cancer patients, a large number of blood-based biomarkers have been reported for their potential role in clinical practice for screening, early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, recurrence monitoring and therapeutic efficiency follow-up. This current review focuses on blood liquid biopsies' role and their clinical implications in gastric cancer patients, with an emphasis on circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We also provide a brief discussion of the potential and limitations of liquid biopsies use and their future use in the routine clinical care of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tavares Uchôa Guimarães
- Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline Martins Almeida
- Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Disciplina de Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirurgica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rommel Rodríguez Burbano
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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24
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Luo YT, Cheng J, Feng X, He SJ, Wang YW, Huang Q. The viable circulating tumor cells with cancer stem cells feature, where is the way out? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:38. [PMID: 29482576 PMCID: PMC5828305 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With cancer stem cells (CSCs) became the research hotspot, emerging studies attempt to reveal the functions of these special subsets in tumorigenesis. Although various approaches have been used in CSCs researches, only a few could really reflect or simulate the microenvironment in vivo. At present, CSCs theories are still difficult to apply for clinical remedy because CSCs subpopulations are always hard to identify and trace. Thus an ideal approach for clinicians and researchers is urgently needed. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as the method of noninvasive-liquid biopsy, could be detected in the peripheral blood (PB) from many tumors and even could be treated as procurators for CSCs deeper researches from patient-derived sample. However, CTCs, as a diagnostic marker, also raise much controversy over theirs clinical value. Mechanisms causing CTCs to shed from the tumor have not been fully characterized, thus it is unclear whether CTCs represent the entire makeup of cancer cells in the tumor or only a subset. The heterogeneity of CTCs also caused different clinical outcomes. To overcome these unsolved problems, recently, CTC researches are not just depend on enumerations, whereas those CTC subsets that could expand in vitro may play a pivotal role in the metastatic cascade. Here, we retrospect the CTC developmental history and discourse upon the enrichment of viable CTCs in functional assays, probe the further avenue at the crossroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Luo
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - J Cheng
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - X Feng
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - S J He
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Y W Wang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Q Huang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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25
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Wang H, Stoecklein NH, Lin PP, Gires O. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells: diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in motion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1884-1912. [PMID: 27683128 PMCID: PMC5352105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood with the gold standard CellSearchTM has proven prognostic value for tumor recurrence and progression of metastatic disease. Therefore, the further molecular characterization of isolated CTCs might have clinical relevance as liquid biopsy for therapeutic decision-making and to monitor disease progression. The direct analysis of systemic cancer appears particularly important in view of the known disparity in expression of therapeutic targets as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based heterogeneity between primary and systemic tumor cells, which all substantially complicate monitoring and therapeutic targeting at present. Since CTCs are the potential precursor cells of metastasis, their in-depth molecular profiling should also provide a useful resource for target discovery. The present review will discuss the use of systemically spread cancer cells as liquid biopsy and focus on potential target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors, Helmholtz, Germany
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26
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Gambara G, Gaebler M, Keilholz U, Regenbrecht CRA, Silvestri A. From Chemotherapy to Combined Targeted Therapeutics: In Vitro and in Vivo Models to Decipher Intra-tumor Heterogeneity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:77. [PMID: 29491834 PMCID: PMC5817069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and other omics technologies capable to map cell fate provide increasing evidence on the crucial role of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) for cancer progression. The different facets of ITH, from genomic to microenvironmental heterogeneity and the hierarchical cellular architecture originating from the cancer stem cell compartment, contribute to the range of tumor phenotypes. Decoding these complex data resulting from the analysis of tumor tissue complexity poses a challenge for developing novel therapeutic strategies that can counteract tumor evolution and cellular plasticity. To achieve this aim, the development of in vitro and in vivo cancer models that resemble the complexity of ITH is crucial in understanding the interplay of cells and their (micro)environment and, consequently, in testing the efficacy of new targeted treatments and novel strategies of tailoring combinations of treatments to the individual composition of the tumor. This challenging approach may be an important cornerstone in overcoming the development of pharmaco-resistances during multiple lines of treatment. In this paper, we report the latest advances in patient-derived 3D (PD3D) cell cultures and patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) as in vitro and in vivo models that can retain the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambara
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuela Gaebler
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Youn GJ, Chung WC. [Micrometastasis in Gastric Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 69:270-277. [PMID: 28539031 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2017.69.5.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence and mortality rate of gastric cancer have been steadily declining, gastric cancer is still the fourth most common cancer in the world and more than 50% of cases occur in Eastern Asia. In Korea, gastric cancer is the second most common cancer and third cause of cancer related death. The standard surgical procedure for resectable advanced gastric cancer is D2 lymphadenectomy with radical gastrectomy. Even though R0 resection was completed, recurrence is relatively common, and contributes to the limited survival of the patients in gastric cancer. As a clinically relevant factor for detection of the recurrence, the presence of isolating tumor cells has been introduced and it is so called as 'micrometastasis'. Numerous immunohistochemistry and molecular studies have shown that micrometastasis can be demonstrated not only in lymph nodes but also in such body compartments as the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity and blood. Herein, we review the current knowledge and evidence of the prognostic significance of micrometastasis in peritoneal, lymph node, bone marrow. Also, we discuss the current state of research on the circulating tumor cell in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Jung Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Grillet F, Bayet E, Villeronce O, Zappia L, Lagerqvist EL, Lunke S, Charafe-Jauffret E, Pham K, Molck C, Rolland N, Bourgaux JF, Prudhomme M, Philippe C, Bravo S, Boyer JC, Canterel-Thouennon L, Taylor GR, Hsu A, Pascussi JM, Hollande F, Pannequin J. Circulating tumour cells from patients with colorectal cancer have cancer stem cell hallmarks in ex vivo culture. Gut 2017; 66:1802-1810. [PMID: 27456153 PMCID: PMC5595103 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although counting of circulating tumour cells (CTC) has attracted a broad interest as potential markers of tumour progression and treatment response, the lack of functional characterisation of these cells had become a bottleneck in taking these observations to the clinic. Our objective was to culture these cells in order to understand them and exploit their therapeutic potential to the full. DESIGN Here, hypothesising that some CTC potentially have cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, we generated several CTC lines from the blood of patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) based on their self-renewal abilities. Multiple standard tests were then employed to characterise these cells. RESULTS Our CTC lines self-renew, express CSC markers and have multilineage differentiation ability, both in vitro and in vivo. Patient-derived CTC lines are tumorigenic in subcutaneous xenografts and are also able to colonise the liver after intrasplenic injection. RNA sequencing analyses strikingly demonstrate that drug metabolising pathways represent the most upregulated feature among CTC lines in comparison with primary CRC cells grown under similar conditions. This result is corroborated by the high resistance of the CTC lines to conventional cytotoxic compounds. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results directly demonstrate the existence of patient-derived colorectal CTCs that bear all the functional attributes of CSCs. The CTC culture model described here is simple and takes <1 month from blood collection to drug testing, therefore, routine clinical application could facilitate access to personalised medicine. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01577511.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Grillet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Bayet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivia Villeronce
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Luke Zappia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ebba Louise Lagerqvist
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kym Pham
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Center for Translational Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Molck
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Bravo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | | | | | - Graham Roy Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Hsu
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean Marc Pascussi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Pannequin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, France,Université de Montpellier, UMR5203, Montpellier, France
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29
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Noronha V, Patil VM, Joshi A, Chougule A, Banavali S, Prabhash K. Potential role of metronomic chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:267-275. [PMID: 28109908 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with esophagogastric cancer have poor prognoses in spite of the best available therapies. Patients are debilitated and may not tolerate, or may progress, on standard cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. Metronomic chemotherapy is an attractive treatment option due to its very low reported toxicity, modest efficacy, low cost and ease of administration. Capecitabine is the most common drug used in metronomic scheduling; other drugs include cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel. Dosing of capecitabine can range from 1000 mg orally daily for 4 weeks on and 1 week off to a continuous dosing schedule of 1500 mg orally daily. Reported toxicities, including neutropenia, mucositis and hand-foot syndrome, occur in <10% of patients. As there is a lack of well-conducted, randomized clinical trials evaluating the role of metronomic chemotherapy in esophagogastric cancer, it cannot be recommended as the standard of care; however, it can be considered to be a therapeutic option, especially in elderly patients with relapsed disease for whom other therapeutic options are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Anuradha Chougule
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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30
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Bielčiková Z, Jakabová A, Pinkas M, Zemanová M, Kološtová K, Bobek V. Circulating tumor cells: what we know, what do we want to know about them and are they ready to be used in clinics? Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2807-2823. [PMID: 28670371 PMCID: PMC5489883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) present in peripheral blood are assigned precursors of advanced tumor disease. Simplicity of blood withdrawal procedure adds practically an unlimited possibility of the CTC-monitoring and the advantages of the repeated biopsies over time. CTC got prognostic, predictive and diagnostic status with the technologic advance. Although the clinical utility of CTC has reached the high evidence, the significance of CTC testing was presented in the treatment strategy mostly with palliative intention. We report on the experiences with the CTC-testing in the CLIA-like laboratory working with the size-based CTC separation and in vitro culture. The data is presented in the form of case reports in patients with breast (BC), colorectal (CRC), prostate (PC) and lung cancer (NSCLC) to support the clinical utility of CTC during the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and palliative treatment. The presented findings support the evidence for liquid biopsy clinical implementation and enhance the ability of malignant disease monitoring and the treatment efficacy prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bielčiková
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 499/212808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jakabová
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 5010034 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Pinkas
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 5010034 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Zemanová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 499/212808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Kološtová
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 5010034 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Bobek
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Srobarova 5010034 Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital MotolPrague, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk’s Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Krajska Zdravotni a.s., Socialni Pece 3316/12A40113 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
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31
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Kim DD, Yang CS, Chae HD, Kwak SG, Jeon CH. Melanoma antigen-encoding gene family member A1-6 and hTERT in the detection of circulating tumor cells following CD45 - depletion and RNA extraction. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:837-843. [PMID: 28693240 PMCID: PMC5494678 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 76 blood samples from patients without malignant disease and 107 blood samples from patients with malignant disease were investigated for the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). To detect CTCs, hematopoietic cells were removed from the blood samples and different RNA extraction methods were used to amplify the melanoma antigen-encoding gene family member A1-family member A6 (MAGE A1-6) and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene as potential CTC markers. Comparison between four methods for extracting RNA from the blood was performed. The samples were enriched by cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45) antibody capturing, and the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the MAGE A1-6 and hTERT genes. MAGE A1-6 and hTERT gene expression levels were also evaluated in 14 cancer cell lines, and the MAGE A1-6 and hTERT expression levels were 85.7 and 100%, respectively. The RNeasy method demonstrated the most sensitivity in the SNU1 cells mixed with blood, although the differences between methods was non-significant. The positive expression levels of MAGE A1-6 and hTERT was 11.8% in the control group and 58.9% in those with malignant disease. In the 70 patients with colorectal cancer, positive expression levels of MAGE A1-6 or hTERT were significantly higher in stages T3 and T4 compared with in stages T1 and T2. The CTC detection method involving CD45 antibody capture, RNA extraction and MAGE A1-6 and hTERT reverse transcription resulted in good rates of sensitivity and specificity. Thus, the present study concluded that MAGE A1-6 and hTERT genes may be potential and practical markers for CTCs in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Dong Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Seok Yang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Chae
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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32
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Arigami T, Uenosono Y, Yanagita S, Okubo K, Kijima T, Matsushita D, Amatatsu M, Kurahara H, Maemura K, Natsugoe S. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in blood from patients with gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2017; 1:60-68. [PMID: 29863113 PMCID: PMC5881297 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been focused on as a target for detecting occult tumors, predicting therapeutic responses and prognoses, and monitoring postoperative recurrence in the clinical management of patients with various malignancies, including gastric cancer. Recent advances in molecular diagnostic tools have contributed to high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CTC. A conspicuous disparity exists in the incidence of CTC among studies. However, a close relationship has been reported between positivity for CTC and well‐known prognostic clinicopathological factors including depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, stage, and lymphatic and venous invasion in patients with gastric cancer. According to most studies published on the clinical impact of CTC, the presence of CTC negatively affects the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Moreover, the study of CTC based on a meta‐analysis demonstrated their importance as a poor prognostic indicator. In clinical management, pre‐ and post‐therapeutic monitoring of CTC using liquid biopsy may be useful for early detection of subclinical patients or disease recurrence, prediction of tumor progression, and administrative control of adjuvant chemotherapy. Although their functional properties remain unclear, molecular profiling of CTC may contribute to the development of personalized treatment that effectively inhibits tumor progression in patients with advanced gastric cancer. We herein review the clinical significance of CTC as a promising blood marker and therapeutic target in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan.,Molecular Frontier Surgery Course of Advanced Therapeutics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Uenosono
- Molecular Frontier Surgery Course of Advanced Therapeutics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yanagita
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Keishi Okubo
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsushita
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Masahiko Amatatsu
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurahara
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Kosei Maemura
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Shoji Natsugoe
- Department of Digestive Surgery Breast and Thyroid Surgery Field of Oncology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan.,Molecular Frontier Surgery Course of Advanced Therapeutics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
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33
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Zheng X, Fan L, Zhou P, Ma H, Huang S, Yu D, Zhao L, Yang S, Liu J, Huang A, Cai C, Dai X, Zhang T. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli in Gastric Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:431-441. [PMID: 28448959 PMCID: PMC5406582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: Gastric cancer studies indicated a potential correlation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and tumor relapse/metastasis. The prevalence and significance of circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) in gastric cancer remain unknown. We investigated the prevalence and prognostic value of CTCs and CTM for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer patients. METHODS:Eighty-one gastric cancer patients consented to provide 5 ml of peripheral blood before systematic therapy. CTCs and CTM were isolated using isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells and characterized by cytopathologists. For 41 stage IV gastric cancer patients, CTM was investigated as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis. RESULTS:CTCs were detected in 51 patients; the average count was 1.81. In clinical stage I, II, III, and IV patients, the average CTC counts were 1.40, 0.67, 1.24, and 2.71, respectively. CTM were detected in 3 of 33 clinical stage I to IIIb patients, at an average of 0.12 (0-2). CTM were detected in 13 of 53 clinical stage IIIc to IV patients, at an average of 1.26 (0-22). In stage IV patients, CTM positivity correlated with the CA125 level. PFS and OS in CTM-positive patients were significantly lower than in CTM-negative patients (P < .001). CTM positivity was an independent factor for determining the PFS (P = .016) and OS (P = .003) of stage IV patients in multivariate analysis. Using markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, single CTCs were divided into three phenotypes including epithelial CTCs, biphenotypic epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs. For CTM, CK−/Vimentin+/CD45− and CK+/Vimentin+/CD45− phenotypes were observed, but the CK+/Vimentin−/CD45− CTM phenotype was not. CA125 was detected in gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and MGC803. CONCLUSIONS: In stage IV patients, CTM positivity was correlated with serum CA125 level. CTM were an independent predictor of shorter PFS and OS in stage IV patients. Thus, CTM detection may be a useful tool to predict prognosis in stage IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Zheng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Fan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., biolake, No.666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shaoyi Huang
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., biolake, No.666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Congli Cai
- Wuhan YZY Medical Science & Technology Co., Ltd., biolake, No.666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Ito H, Sato J, Tsujino Y, Yamaguchi N, Kimura S, Gohda K, Murakami K, Onimaru M, Ohmori T, Ishikawa F, Inoue H. Long-term prognostic impact of circulating tumour cells in gastric cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10232-10241. [PMID: 28028372 PMCID: PMC5155183 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i46.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyse the long-term prognostic impact of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery.
METHODS A 7.5-mL peripheral vein blood sample was obtained from each patient with treatment-negative gastric adenocarcinoma before surgery. OBP-401, a telomerase-specific, replication-selective, oncolytic adenoviral agent carrying the green fluorescent protein gene, was used to label CTCs. Correlations between the number of CTCs and clinical end points were evaluated.
RESULTS The median follow-up period of the surviving patients with gastric cancer was 60 mo. The CTC number tended to increase concomitantly with disease progression. The overall survival of patients with more than five CTCs in 7.5-mL of peripheral blood was lower than that of patients with five or less CTCs, although the difference was not significant (P = 0.183). A significant difference in relapse-free survival was found between patients with more than five and those with five or less CTCs (P = 0.034).
CONCLUSION A lower number of CTCs was correlated with higher relapse-free survival rates in patients. Detection of CTCs using OBP-401 may be useful for predicting prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Zou K, Yang S, Zheng L, Wang S, Xiong B. Prognostic Role of the Circulating Tumor Cells Detected by Cytological Methods in Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2765464. [PMID: 27843939 PMCID: PMC5098053 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2765464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. We performed a meta-analysis of available studies to assess the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells detected by cytological methods for patients with gastric cancer. Methods. Two authors systematically searched the studies independently with key words in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Cochrane Library (from inception to April 2016). The estimated hazard ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio, and their 95% confidence intervals were set as effect measures. All analyses were performed by STATA 12.0. Results. Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. CTCs-high status was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.86-2.66) and progression-free survival (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.36-2.99). CTCs-high status was also associated with depth of infiltration (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.16-3.70), regional lymph nodes metastasis (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.26-2.71), and distant metastasis (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.77-4.52). For unresectable gastric cancer patients, CTCs-high status was significantly associated with poor overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease control rate before and during chemotherapy group. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis has evidenced the significant prognostic value of CTCs detected for both PFS and OS in gastric cancer patients. For patients treated with chemotherapy alone, we proved that CTCs detected by cytological method showed a significant prognostic value and poor response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key of Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuailong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key of Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key of Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key of Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key of Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan 430071, China
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Nurwidya F, Zaini J, Putra AC, Andarini S, Hudoyo A, Syahruddin E, Yunus F. Circulating Tumor Cell and Cell-free Circulating Tumor DNA in Lung Cancer. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52:151-8. [PMID: 27689025 PMCID: PMC5040764 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2016.52.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that are separated from the primary site or metastatic lesion and disseminate in blood circulation. CTCs are considered to be part of the long process of cancer metastasis. As a 'liquid biopsy', CTC molecular examination and investigation of single cancer cells create an important opportunity for providing an understanding of cancer biology and the process of metastasis. In the last decade, we have seen dramatic development in defining the role of CTCs in lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, genomic alteration determination, treatment response and, finally, prognosis prediction. The aims of this review are to understand the basic biology and to review methods of detection of CTCs that apply to the various types of solid tumor. Furthermore, we explored clinical applications, including treatment monitoring to anticipate therapy resistance as well as biomarker analysis, in the context of lung cancer. We also explored the potential use of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the genomic alteration analysis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jamal Zaini
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andika Chandra Putra
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sita Andarini
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Hudoyo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elisna Syahruddin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Yunus
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Wang R, Chu GCY, Mrdenovic S, Annamalai AA, Hendifar AE, Nissen NN, Tomlinson JS, Lewis M, Palanisamy N, Tseng HR, Posadas EM, Freeman MR, Pandol SJ, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. Cultured circulating tumor cells and their derived xenografts for personalized oncology. Asian J Urol 2016; 3:240-253. [PMID: 29264192 PMCID: PMC5730836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer research has demonstrated the existence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patient's blood. Once identified, CTC biomarkers will be invaluable tools for clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In this review, we propose ex vivo culture as a rational strategy for large scale amplification of the limited numbers of CTCs from a patient sample, to derive enough CTCs for accurate and reproducible characterization of the biophysical, biochemical, gene expressional and behavioral properties of the harvested cells. Because of tumor cell heterogeneity, it is important to amplify all the CTCs in a blood sample for a comprehensive understanding of their role in cancer metastasis. By analyzing critical steps and technical issues in ex vivo CTC culture, we developed a cost-effective and reproducible protocol directly culturing whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells, relying on an assumed survival advantage in CTCs and CTC-like cells over the normal cells to amplify this specified cluster of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina C Y Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Mrdenovic
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alagappan A Annamalai
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew E Hendifar
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas N Nissen
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James S Tomlinson
- Department of Surgery, West Los Angeles VA Hospital, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Pathology, West Los Angeles VA Hospital, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Uro-Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kaifi JT, Li G, Clawson G, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O'Carroll KF. Perioperative circulating tumor cell detection: Current perspectives. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:859-69. [PMID: 27045201 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1167296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cancer resections and in selected cases surgical metastasectomies significantly improve survival, however many patients develop recurrences. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) function as an independent marker that could be used in the prognostication of different cancers. Sampling of blood and bone marrow compartments during cancer resections is a unique opportunity to increase individual tumor cell capture efficiency. This review will address the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of perioperative tumor isolation and highlight the focus of future studies on characterization of single disseminated cancer cells to identify targets for molecular therapy and immune escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussuf T Kaifi
- a Hugh E. Stephenson Jr., M.D. , Department of Surgery , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,b Ellis Fischel Cancer Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- a Hugh E. Stephenson Jr., M.D. , Department of Surgery , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,c Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Gary Clawson
- d Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation and Department of Pathology , Materials Research Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- a Hugh E. Stephenson Jr., M.D. , Department of Surgery , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,b Ellis Fischel Cancer Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,c Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- a Hugh E. Stephenson Jr., M.D. , Department of Surgery , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,b Ellis Fischel Cancer Center , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA.,c Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
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Cheng HL, Lee YH, Yuan TM, Chen SW, Chueh PJ. Update on a tumor-associated NADH oxidase in gastric cancer cell growth. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2900-2905. [PMID: 26973386 PMCID: PMC4779913 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i10.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, and its prevalence has been shown to be well-correlated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Regrettably, the poor prognosis of this disease is mainly due to its late diagnosis at advanced stages after the cancer has already metastasized. Recent research has emphasized the identification of cancer biomarkers in the hope of diagnosing cancer early and designing targeted therapies to reverse cancer progression. One member of a family of growth-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH or hydroquinone) oxidases is tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX; ENOX2). Unlike its counterpart CNOX (ENOX1), identified in normal rat liver plasma membranes and shown to be stimulated by growth factors and hormones, tNOX activity purified from rat hepatoma cells is constitutively active. Its activity is detectable in the sera of cancer patients but not in those of healthy volunteers, suggesting its clinical relevance. Interestingly, tNOX expression was shown to be present in an array of cancer cell lines. More importantly, inhibition of tNOX was well correlated with reduced cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis. RNA interference targeting tNOX expression in cancer cells effectively restored non-cancerous phenotypes, further supporting the vital role of tNOX in cancer cells. Here, we review the regulatory role of tNOX in gastric cancer cell growth.
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Functional studies on circulating and disseminated tumor cells in carcinoma patients. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:443-9. [PMID: 26847851 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical studies indicating the clinical relevance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow of cancer patients, the functional properties of these cells are largely unknown. The focus of this review is to emphasize how functional studies on viable CTCs and DTCs can enlarge the spectrum of applications of "liquid biopsies". The low number of CTCs in the peripheral blood and DTCs in the bone marrow and the fact that carcinoma cells are difficult to culture are major challenges. Significant advances in the in vitro and in vivo expansion of CTCs and DTCs from cancer patients have been achieved, which enable us now to study the functional properties of these cells. Here, we discuss published data about functional studies on CTCs and DTCs using in vitro cultivation and in vivo xenograft models. Functional analyses on CTCs and DTCs offer the possibility to identify the metastasis-initiating cells. Moreover, CTC-derived cell lines and xenografts might point to new therapeutic targets and can be used for drug development.
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Kalniņa Z, Meistere I, Kikuste I, Tolmanis I, Zayakin P, Linē A. Emerging blood-based biomarkers for detection of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11636-11653. [PMID: 26556992 PMCID: PMC4631966 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality, and for improving the management of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for population-wide or risk group-based screening programs, while circulating biomarkers that reflect the genetic make-up and dynamics of the tumor would allow monitoring of treatment efficacy, predict recurrences and assess the genetic heterogeneity of the tumor. Recent research to identify blood-based biomarkers of GC has resulted in the identification of a wide variety of cancer-associated molecules, including various proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, cell-free DNA fragments, mRNAs and various non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor cells and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Each type of these biomarkers provides different information on the disease status, has different advantages and disadvantages, and distinct clinical usefulness. In the current review, we summarize the recent developments in blood-based GC biomarker discovery, discuss the origin of various types of biomarkers and their clinical usefulness and the technological challenges in the development of biomarker assays for clinical use.
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