1
|
Suzuki Y, Hasegawa M, Matsui Y, Unno H, Iino T, Yoshida T, Sudo A. Intra-articular injection of rebamipide prevents articular cartilage degeneration in murine post-traumatic osteoarthritis models. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:765-772. [PMID: 31339809 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1641912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Rebamipide is a protective drug used for gastric mucosal injuries, and it also exerts protective effects for a variety of other tissues. In this study, murine post-traumatic (PT) osteoarthritis (OA) models in vivo and human OA chondrocytes in vitro were used to examine the effects of rebamipide on articular cartilage degeneration.Methods: Male BALB/c mice were used. The knee ligaments were transected in both knees. Mice were injected with rebamipide into the knee joint every week. Human chondrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β, then treated with or without rebamipide. The levels of mRNA expression of COL2A, IL-1β, TNFα, NF-κB, MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS5, TIMP3, FGF2, and TGFβ were estimated using real-time PCR.Results: Histological scores were significantly better in the rebamipide 1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL groups than in the control group. Rebamipide up-regulated the mRNA expressions of COL2A, TIMP3, TGFβ, and FGF2 in chondrocytes and down-regulated IL-1β, TNFα, NF-κB, MMP3, MMP13, and ADAMTS5.Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of rebamipide prevents articular cartilage degeneration for 6 weeks in murine models of OA in vivo. Rebamipide down-regulates inflammatory cytokines and catabolic factors and up-regulates anabolic factors in human chondrocytes in vitro. Rebamipide could be an important treatment for prevention of articular cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Yuriyo Matsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Hironori Unno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology & Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Babu PK, Bodireddy MR, Puttaraju RC, Vagare D, Nimmakayala R, Surineni N, Gajula MR, Kumar P. Magic Bullet! Rebamipide, a Superior Anti-ulcer and Ophthalmic Drug and Its Large-Scale Synthesis in a Single Organic Solvent via Process Intensification Using Krapcho Decarboxylation. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Kumar Babu
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohan Reddy Bodireddy
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma Choudlu Puttaraju
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Vagare
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Nimmakayala
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh Surineni
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhusudana Rao Gajula
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Chemical Research Division, API R&D Centre, Micro Labs Ltd., Plot No.43-45, KIADB Industrial Area, fourth phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560 105, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Asano RT, Matsuda T, Fujimoto SI, Itoh T, Imano M, Satou T, Nishida S. Rebamipide suppresses 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death via the activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and regulates the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:284-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
4
|
Lee S, Jeong S, Kim W, Kim D, Yang Y, Yoon JH, Kim BJ, Min DS, Jung Y. Rebamipide induces the gastric mucosal protective factor, cyclooxygenase-2, via activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:449-455. [PMID: 28011266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2(1H)-quinolinone, has been used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. Induction of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a gastric mucosal protective factor, by rebamipide has been suggested as the major mechanism of the drug action. However, how rebamipide induces COX-2 at the molecular level needs further investigation. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying the induction of COX-2 by rebamipide was investigated. In gastric carcinoma cells and macrophage cells, rebamipide induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a substrate of AMPK. The induction of COX-2 by rebamipide was dependent on AMPK activation because compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished COX-2 induction by rebamipide. In a mouse ulcer model, rebamipide protected against hydrochloric acid/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, and these protective effects were deterred by co-administration of compound C. In parallel, in the gastric tissues, rebamipide increased the phosphorylation AMPK, whereas compound C reduced the levels of COX-2 and phosphorylated ACC, which were increased by rebamipide. Taken together, the activation of AMPK by rebamipide may be a molecular mechanism that contributes to induction of COX-2, probably resulting in protection against gastric ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goineau S, Castagné V. Complementarity of in vitro and in vivo models for the evaluation of gastro-protective effects of pharmacological substances. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 31:155-164. [PMID: 27739140 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastric mucosa is frequently exposed to various gastric irritants, and there is a continuing requirement to develop new gastro-protective agents. This study compares the effects of three such agents, sucralfate, rebamipide, and cimetidine in both in vivo and in vitro indomethacin-induced gastric damage models. For the in vivo approach, rats were orally administered sucralfate, rebamipide, and cimetidine at 300 mg/kg before an acute dose of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Gastric lesions were then macroscopically examined. For the in vitro approach, gastric mucosal cells were incubated with sucralfate (3 and 5 mg/mL), rebamipide (0.3 and 1 mm), and cimetidine (10 and 50 μg/mL) before exposure to indomethacin (3.8 mm). The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial function were then measured. Sucralfate, rebamipide, and cimetidine displayed gastro-protective effects in vivo (decreased number of gastric ulcers: -50% P < 0.05, -22% NS, and -69% P < 0.05, respectively, and reduced length of gastric lesions: -62% P < 0.05, -29% NS, and -70% P < 0.001, respectively). Cell damage induced by indomethacin in vitro was inhibited by sucralfate (LDH release) and by rebamipide and cimetidine (mitochondrial function and LDH release). In contrast, sucralfate accentuated the indomethacin-induced decrease in mitochondrial function. Although cultured gastric cells offer a promising tool for evaluating the cytotoxic or protective effects of test compounds, data from in vivo models are still needed to confirm in vitro data. Using both approaches provides more comprehensive insight into the effects of test compounds on the gastric mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Goineau
- Porsolt S.A.S., Z.A. de Glatigné, 53940, Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
| | - Vincent Castagné
- Porsolt S.A.S., Z.A. de Glatigné, 53940, Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe T, Takeuchi T, Handa O, Sakata Y, Tanigawa T, Shiba M, Naito Y, Higuchi K, Fujimoto K, Yoshikawa T, Arakawa T. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose rebamipide treatment for low-dose aspirin-induced moderate-to-severe small intestinal damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122330. [PMID: 25874951 PMCID: PMC4398323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose aspirin (LDA) frequently causes small bowel injury. While some drugs have been reported to be effective in treating LDA-induced small intestinal damage, most studies did not exclude patients with mild damage thought to be clinically insignificant. AIM We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a high dose of rebamipide, a gastroprotective drug, for LDA-induced moderate-to-severe enteropathy. METHODS We enrolled patients who received 100 mg of enteric-coated aspirin daily for more than 3 months and were found to have more than 3 mucosal breaks (i.e., erosions or ulcers) in the small intestine by capsule endoscopy. Eligible patients were assigned to receive either rebamipide 300 mg (triple dose) 3 times daily or placebo for 8 weeks in a 2:1 ratio. Capsule endoscopy was then repeated. The primary endpoint was the change in the number of mucosal breaks from baseline to 8 weeks. Secondary endpoints included the complete healing of mucosal breaks at 8 weeks and the change in Lewis score (an endoscopic score assessing damage severity) from baseline to 8 weeks. RESULTS The study was completed by 38 patients (rebamipide group: n = 25, placebo group: n = 13). After 8 weeks of treatment, rebamipide, but not placebo, significantly decreased the number of mucosal breaks (p = 0.046). While the difference was not significant (p = 0.13), the rate of complete mucosal break healing in the rebamipide group (32%, 8 of 25) tended to be higher than that in the placebo group (7.7%, 1 of 13). Rebamipide treatment significantly improved intestinal damage severity as assessed by the Lewis score (p = 0.02), whereas placebo did not. The triple dose of rebamipide was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS High-dose rebamipide is effective for the treatment of LDA-induced moderate-to-severe enteropathy. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000003463.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshihisa Takeuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Sakata
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Arakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Preventive effect of rebamipide on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:271-7. [PMID: 25617151 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention strategies against gastric cancer (GC) need to be explored in light of the fact that stomach cancer still occurs in the absence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and following HP eradication. We evaluated the effect of rebamipide on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced carcinogenesis in SD rats. Thirty-nine male rats were divided into four groups based on whether or not they were treated with rebamipide and/or MNNG: Control, Rebamipide, Control-M, and Rebamipide-M groups. From 8 weeks of age, rats in the Control-M and Rebamipide-M groups received MNNG in drinking water for 30 weeks. The Rebamipide and Rebamipide-M groups were administered 5mg/kg/day of rebamipide. At 50 weeks, cancerous lesions were not observed in either the Control or Rebamipide groups. Nine rats in the Control-M group had developed GC, while four rats in the Rebamipide-M group had developed GC. The incidence of cancer in the Rebamipide-M group was significantly less than in the Control-M group (p<0.05), with a trend toward a lower incidence of invasive carcinoma in the Rebamipide-M group. Carcinomatous invasion into the muscularis propria was not observed in the Rebamipide-M group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that rebamipide suppresses. MNNG-induced carcinogenesis and may also inhibit progression of cancer in rats.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kojima F, Kapoor M, Kawai S, Crofford LJ. New insights into eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways: implications for arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:277-91. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) play important roles in barrier function and tear stability, and their expression on the ocular surface is altered in dry eye disease. Rebamipide is a mucin secretagogue that promotes the production of mucin-like glycoproteins in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. However, the expression of MAMs on the corneal epithelia (MUC1, MUC4, MUC16), which is induced by rebamipide, is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of rebamipide on the regulation of MAM expression in HCE cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MUC16, Ki67 and PCNA expression levels in HCE cells isolated at confluence and at 24 hours after confluence were examined by Western blotting to assess cell proliferation. HCE cells isolated at 24 hours after confluence were cultured in medium supplemented with 1-10 µM rebamipide or 0.3-30 nM of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis of MAMs were performed to evaluate the effect of rebamipide. Western blot analysis of cells treated with an EGF receptor inhibitor (AG1478) or MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) was performed to reveal the relationship between EGF receptor activation and rebamipide-induced MAM expression. RESULTS HCE cells isolated at 24 hours after confluence had lower cell proliferation activity and increased MUC16 expression compared with cells isolated at confluence. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that rebamipide increased MAM gene expression for 2 hours and protein expression for 24 hours in HCE cells. EGF inhibitor treatment led to reduced levels of all three MAMs that are normally induced by rebamipide, whereas EGF induced the expression of all three MAMs. CONCLUSIONS We suggested that rebamipide increased MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16 expression levels through signals involved in EGF receptor activation in the human corneal epithelia. These data suggest that rebamipide may improve subjective symptoms of dry eye disease by upregulating MAM expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Itoh
- Ako Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. , Hyogo , Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thiel A, Narko K, Heinonen M, Hemmes A, Tomasetto C, Rio MC, Haglund C, Mäkelä TP, Ristimäki A. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 causes regression of gastric adenomas in trefoil factor 1 deficient mice. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:1032-41. [PMID: 22034055 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression is a marker of reduced survival in gastric cancer patients, and inhibition of Cox-2 suppresses gastrointestinal carcinogenesis in experimental animal models. To investigate the role of Cox-2 in gastric carcinogenesis in vivo, we utilized trefoil factor 1 (Tff1) deficient mice, which model the neoplastic process of the stomach by developing gastric adenomas with full penetrance. These tumors express Cox-2 protein and mRNA, and we have now investigated the effects of genetic deletion of the mouse Cox-2 gene [also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2)] and a Cox-2 selective drug celecoxib. Our results show that genetic deletion of Cox-2 in the Tff1 deleted background resulted in reduced adenoma size and ulceration with a chronic inflammatory reaction at the site of the adenoma. To characterize the effect of Cox-2 inhibition in more detail, mice that had already developed an adenoma were fed with celecoxib for 8-14 weeks, which resulted in disruption of the adenoma that ranged from superficial erosion to deep ulcerated destruction accompanied with chronic inflammation. Importantly, mice fed with celecoxib for 16 weeks, followed by control food for 9 weeks, redeveloped a complete adenoma with no detectable inflammatory process. Finally, we determined the identity of the Cox-2 expressing cells and found them to be fibroblasts. Our results show that inhibition of Cox-2 is sufficient to reversibly disrupt gastric adenomas in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thiel
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Genome-Scale Biology, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Ohkawa F, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Machida H, Okazaki H, Yamagami H, Watanabe K, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Takeuchi K, Arakawa T. Rebamipide, a mucoprotective drug, inhibits NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal injury: possible involvement of the downregulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:149-53. [PMID: 21373268 PMCID: PMC3045688 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity. The level of biologically active prostaglandin E2 in the tissue is regulated by the balanced expression of its synthetic enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase, and its catabolic enzyme, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. We examined the effect of rebamipide, a mucoprotective drug, on prostaglandin E2 production and metabolism in the gastric tissue and its effect on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Rebamipide suppressed indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. Suppressive effect of rebamipide on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury was also observed in cyclooxygenase-2-knockout mice. The mice that were treated with rebamipide showed a 2-fold increase in cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the gastric tissue, whereas 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mRNA expression markedly decreased as compared to vehicle-treated control mice. Rebamipide did not affect the expression of cyclooxygenase-1 in the gastric tissue. Rebamipide did not increase prostaglandin E2 production in the gastric tissue; however, it induced a 1.4-fold increase in the concentration of prostaglandin E2 in the gastric tissue as compared to vehicle-treated control mice. These results suggest that the suppressive effect of rebamipide on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced gastric mucosal injury can be attributed to reduced 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression, which increases the prostaglandin E2 concentration in the gastric tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Machida H, Okazaki H, Yamagami H, Watanabe K, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Arakawa T. Mitochondrial disorders in NSAIDs-induced small bowel injury. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:117-21. [PMID: 21373263 PMCID: PMC3045683 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using small bowel endoscopy revealed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including low-dose aspirin, can often induce small bowel injury. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small bowel mucosal injury involves various factors such as enterobacteria, cytokines, and bile. Experimental studies demonstrate that both mitochondrial disorders and inhibition of cyclooxygenases are required for development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small bowel injury. Mitochondrion is an organelle playing a central role in energy production in organisms. Many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs directly cause mitochondrial disorders, which are attributable to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation induced by opening of the mega channel called mitochondrial permeability transition pore on the mitochondrial membrane by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Bile acids and tumor necrosis factor-α also can open the permeability transition pore. The permeability transition pore opening induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, which triggers a cascade of events that will lead to cell death. Therefore these mitochondrial disorders may cause disturbance of the mucosal barrier function and elevation of the small bowel permeability, and play particularly important roles in early processes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small bowel injury. Although no valid means of preventing or treating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small bowel injury has been established, advances in mitochondrial studies may bring about innovation in the prevention and treatment of this kind of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang JM, Kim N, Kim B, Kim JH, Lee BY, Park JH, Lee MK, Lee HS, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. Enhancement of gastric ulcer healing and angiogenesis by cochinchina Momordica seed extract in rats. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:875-81. [PMID: 20514308 PMCID: PMC2877244 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.6.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochinchina momordica seed is the dried ripe seed of Momordica cochinchinensis, a perennial vine. The antiulcer effect of an extract from cochinchina momordica seeds (SK-MS10) was evaluated in a rat model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers. Gastric ulcers were produced by subserosal injection of acetic acid. SK-MS10 (200 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered orally once per day for 14 days after the acetic acid injection. The stomach was removed and the ulcer size measured at day 7 and 14 of the treatment. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the microvasculature density (MVD) adjacent to the ulcer margin was examined by immunohistochemistry. The treatment with SK-MS10 for 7 and 14 days significantly accelerated ulcer healing and increased the expression of mRNA (at day 7) as well as VEGF protein (at day 14) compared to the vehicle-treated rats. The MVD for factor VIII was also higher in the SK-MS10 treatment group compared to the vehicle-treated rats; however, these differences were not statistically significant. These results suggest that SK-MS10 treatment accelerates the healing of gastric ulcers via upregulation of VEGF and angiogenesis in an acetic acid rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Mook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Joo-Hyon Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Chae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of OPC-12759 on EGF receptor activation, p44/p42 MAPK activity, and secretion in conjunctival goblet cells. Exp Eye Res 2008; 86:629-36. [PMID: 18295205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine if OPC-12759 stimulates secretion from conjunctival goblet cells in culture and if it activates the EGF receptor (EGFR) and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to cause mucin secretion. Conjunctival goblet cells were cultured from pieces of male rat conjunctiva. OPC-12759 was added at increasing concentrations and for varying times to the cultured cells. The cholinergic agonist carbachol was used as a positive control. In selected experiments an inhibitor of the EGFR, AG1478, or an inhibitor of the kinase that activates MAPK, U0126, were added before OPC-12759. Goblet cell secretion of high molecular weight glycoconjugates was measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay using the lectin UEA-1. Activation of the EGFR and MAPK were determined with Western blotting analysis using antibodies specific to the phosphorylated and the total amounts of these proteins. We found that OPC-12759 induced goblet cell secretion in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of the EGFR with AG1478 blocked secretion stimulated by OPC-12759. Inhibition of MAPK with U0126 also blocked secretion stimulated by OPC-12759. OPC-12759 increased the phosphorylation of the EGFR and MAPK in a time-dependent manner. We concluded that OPC-12759 stimulates secretion from cultured conjunctival goblet cells by activating the EGFR, which then induces MAPK activity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi SM, Shin JH, Kang KK, Ahn BO, Yoo M. Gastroprotective effects of DA-6034, a new flavonoid derivative, in various gastric mucosal damage models. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:3075-80. [PMID: 17406830 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the gastroprotective activity of DA-6034 against various ulcerogens including ethanol, aspirin, indomethacin, stress, and acetic acid. The basic mechanisms of DA-6034 as a defensive factor such as mucus secretion and endogenous prostaglandin E(2) synthesis were determined. Rats with gastric lesions induced by ethanol-HCl, aspirin, indomethacin, and stress that had been pretreated with DA-6034 orally showed a statistically significant decrease or decreasing tendency of the gastric lesion. In acetic acid-induced gastric lesions, repeated oral administration of DA-6034 exhibited a U-shape activity in ulcer healing, with the maximum and minimum inhibition being observed at 30 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. DA-6034 also increased the mucus content in the gel layer as well as endogenous prostaglandin E(2) synthesis. These results suggest that DA-6034 prevents gastric mucosal injury, and these gastroprotective activities appear to be due to the increase in the gastric defensive systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul Min Choi
- Research Laboratories, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, 47-5 Sanggal-dong, Kiheung-gu, Yongin-shi, Kyunggi-do 446-905, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The duodenum absorbs nearly all secreted gastric acid. Carbonic anhydrases facilitate transmucosal acid movement. The upper gastrointestinal tract must resist a variety of injuries, including those caused by ingested noxious substances, acid, ischemia/reperfusion, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. The results are similar, however, regardless of insult: inflammation, ulceration, or metaplasia/dysplasia. In the past year, there have been prominent findings suggesting that oxidative stress and the formation of reactive oxygen species may play a pivotal role in all forms of injury, and that antioxidants may be the key to injury prevention and healing. RECENT FINDINGS Oxidative injury may be a common mechanism by which the upper gastrointestinal mucosa responds to noxious insults. Endogenous antioxidants, such as ghrelin, L-carnitine, and annexin-1 attenuate the oxidative-stress response. Similarly, exogenous antioxidants have also been shown to decrease inflammation, upregulate free radical scavengers, and prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species. SUMMARY Many studies published in the past year have linked oxidative stress to a variety of upper gastrointestinal insults. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidant compounds prevent the oxidative stress response. The future holds great promise for the development of pharmaceuticals with antioxidant properties that are safe, efficacious, and inexpensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamie H Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|