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Clinical Significance of Serum Nitric Oxide, Urine Nitric Oxide, and Urinary Nitric Oxide-to-Creatinine Ratio in Acute Pancreatitis. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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2
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Agah S, Akbari A, Sadeghi E, Morvaridzadeh M, Basharat Z, Palmowski A, Heshmati J. Resveratrol supplementation and acute pancreatitis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111268. [PMID: 33493966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. We performed a comprehensive review to find any evidence about the effects of Resveratrol on acute pancreatitis (AP). Resveratrol has been found to directly impact cytokine generation. As these factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AP, resveratrol might attenuate AP and its complications. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerts its pharmacological effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via interaction with different signaling molecules and transcription factors. Indeed, resveratrol might prove to be an effective therapeutic component for AP treatment in the future. In this review, we shed light on potential most recent pathways through which resveratrol might impact the management and control of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Andriko Palmowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Xia D, Halder B, Godoy C, Chakraborty A, Singla B, Thomas E, Shuja JB, Kashif H, Miller L, Csanyi G, Sabbatini ME. NADPH oxidase 1 mediates caerulein-induced pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:139-149. [PMID: 31837426 PMCID: PMC7227077 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the pancreas are divided into acute (AP) and chronic (CP) forms. Both states of pancreatitis are a result of pro-inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the sources of ROS is NADPH oxidase (Nox). The rodent genome encodes Nox1-4, Duox1 and Duox2. Our purpose was to assess the extent to which Nox enzymes contribute to the pathogenesis of both AP and CP using Nox-deficient mice. Using RT-PCR, Nox1 was found in both isolated mouse pancreatic acini and pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs). Subsequently, mice with genetically deleted Nox1 were further studied and showed that the histo-morphologic characteristics of caerulein-induced CP, but not caerulein-induced AP, was ameliorated in Nox1 KO mice. We also found that the lack of Nox1 impaired caerulein-induced ROS generation in PaSCs. Using Western blotting, we found that AKT mediates the fibrotic effect of Nox1 in a mouse model of CP. We also found a decrease in phospho-ERK and p38MAPK levels in Nox1 KO mice with CP, but not with AP. Both CP-induced TGF-β up-regulation and NF-ĸB activation were impaired in pancreas from Nox1 KO mice. Western blotting indicated increases in proteins involved in fibrosis and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in WT mice with CP. No change in those proteins were observed in Nox1 KO mice. The lack of Nox1 lowered mRNA levels of CP-induced matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 and E-cadherin repressor Twist in PaSCs. CONCLUSION: Nox1-derived ROS in PaSCs mediate the fibrotic process of CP by activating the downstream redox-sensitive signaling pathways AKT and NF-ĸB, up-regulating MMP-9 and Twist, and producing α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I and III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bithika Halder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Catalina Godoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eyana Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jasim B Shuja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hisham Kashif
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Laurence Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gabor Csanyi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maria E Sabbatini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Shah J, Mandavdhare HS, Birda CL, Dutta U, Sharma V. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A rare complication of acute pancreatitis. JGH OPEN 2019; 3:435-437. [PMID: 31633051 PMCID: PMC6788364 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a poorly understood entity involving multiple organs and having grave prognosis if not treated promptly. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare cause of TTP and TTP is also a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. TTP is induced in AP by poorly understood mechanism, which involves multiple pathways apart from only ADAMTS13 deficiency. Here, we report a case of a 32‐year‐old male who developed acute pancreatitis due to chronic alcoholism. He developed signs of TTP from Day 4 of his onset of pain. High clinical suspicion and prompt initiation of plasmapheresis was associated with good outcome. In this case report, we have discussed details of our case and the different mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of TTP in AP and their outcome with prompt management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimil Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Harshal S Mandavdhare
- Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Chhagan Lal Birda
- Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India
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5
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Cardini B, Watschinger K, Hermann M, Obrist P, Oberhuber R, Brandacher G, Chuaiphichai S, Channon KM, Pratschke J, Maglione M, Werner ER. Crucial role for neuronal nitric oxide synthase in early microcirculatory derangement and recipient survival following murine pancreas transplantation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112570. [PMID: 25389974 PMCID: PMC4229216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to identify the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoform involved in early microcirculatory derangements following solid organ transplantation. BACKGROUND Tetrahydrobiopterin donor treatment has been shown to specifically attenuate these derangements following pancreas transplantation, and tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated protective effects to rely on its NOS-cofactor activity, rather than on its antioxidant capacity. However, the NOS-isoform mainly involved in this process has still to be defined. METHODS Using a murine pancreas transplantation model, grafts lacking one of the three NOS-isoforms were compared to grafts from wild-type controls. Donors were treated with either tetrahydrobiopterin or remained untreated. All grafts were subjected to 16 h cold ischemia time and transplanted into wild-type recipients. Following 4 h graft reperfusion, microcirculation was analysed by confocal intravital fluorescence microscopy. Recipient survival was monitored for 50 days. RESULTS Transplantation of the pancreas from untreated wild-type donor mice resulted in microcirculatory damage of the transplanted graft and no recipient survived more than 72 h. Transplanting grafts from untreated donor mice lacking either endothelial or inducible NOS led to similar outcomes. In contrast, donor treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin prevented microcirculatory breakdown enabling long-term survival. Sole exception was transplantation of grafts from untreated donor mice lacking neuronal NOS. It resulted in intact microvascular structure and long-term recipient survival, either if donor mice were untreated or treated with tetrahydrobiopterin. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time the crucial involvement of neuronal NOS in early microcirculatory derangements following solid organ transplantation. In this model, protective effects of tetrahydrobiopterin are mediated by targeting this isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Cardini
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Obrist
- Institute of Pathology, St. Vinzenz Krankenhaus, Zams, Austria
| | - Rupert Oberhuber
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Surawee Chuaiphichai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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From nitric oxide to hyperbaric oxygen: invisible and subtle but nonnegligible gaseous signaling molecules in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2014; 43:511-7. [PMID: 24713669 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide in addition to hydrogen are well established as gaseous signal molecules throughout the body. Although the role of gasotransmitters in acute pancreatitis (AP) has been explored for many years, many details remain to be elucidated. The physiologic effect of NO in AP mainly relies on induced NO synthase, which stimulates the production of cytokines in the blood. Carbon monoxide inhibits nuclear factor-κB activation, which leads to amelioration of the inflammatory response. Hydrogen sulfide displays a dual role in the mechanism of AP according to its concentration in the system. Hydrogen is a newly discovered gaseous signaling molecule, and currently, there is little evidence that it has any function in alleviating inflammation. We discovered that hyperbaric oxygen is a novel gasotransmitter that has potential use in the treatment of AP. The correlation among hyperbaric oxygen, hypoxia inducible factor 1α, and other signaling pathways should be further studied. We also discuss some prospects and issues that remain to be resolved in this review. In summary, the discovery of gaseous signal molecules has established a new platform for deep investigation of the mechanism of AP, and our knowledge of the role of gasotransmitters in AP will increase with further research.
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Camargo E, Santana D, Silva C, Teixeira S, Toyama M, Cotrim C, Landucci E, Antunes E, Muscara M, Costa S. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide as a therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipase A2. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:691-700. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Camargo
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - D.G. Santana
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - C.I. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - S.A. Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - M.H. Toyama
- São Vicente Unit; University of São Paulo State (UNESP); São Vicente Brazil
| | - C. Cotrim
- São Vicente Unit; University of São Paulo State (UNESP); São Vicente Brazil
| | - E.C.T. Landucci
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.N. Muscara
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - S.K.P. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
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Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z. The role of nitric oxide in the physiology and pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2723-41. [PMID: 21777142 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gaseous signaling molecule, contributes to both pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology. RECENT ADVANCES The present review provides a general overview of NO synthesis, signaling, and function. Further, it specifically discusses NO metabolism and its effects in the exocrine pancreas and focuses on the role of NO in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. CRITICAL ISSUES Unfortunately, the role of NO in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology remains controversial in numerous areas. Many questions regarding the messenger molecule still remain unanswered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Probably the least is known about the downstream targets of NO, which need to be identified, especially at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Balibrea JM, García-Martín MC, Cuesta-Sancho S, Olmedilla Y, Arias-Díaz J, Fernández-Sevilla E, Vara E, Balibrea JL. Tacrolimus modulates liver and pancreas nitric oxide synthetase and heme-oxygenase isoforms and cytokine production after endotoxemia. Nitric Oxide 2011; 24:113-22. [PMID: 21255669 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytoprotective effects of tacrolimus are due to its unspecific anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Neither the exact mechanisms nor if there is any organ-specificity or dose-dependent response have not been yet elucidated. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of tacrolimus on oxidative stress and mediator production in liver and pancreatic tissue secondary to endotoxemia. Wistar rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of tacrolimus (0.07, 0.15, and 0.3mg/kg) 24h before Escherichia coli LPS was administrated. Animals were sacrificed 24h after LPS administration and iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS and type 1 and 2 heme-oxygenase (HO) expression were measured. TNF-α and IL-1 tissue expression and plasmatic NO, CO, TNF-α, and IL-1 were also determined. LPS exposure increased iNOS expression in both organs, eNOS did not show variations and liver nNOS expression was significantly lower. Tacrolimus diminished both pancreas and liver iNOS and nNOS expression. Both liver and pancreatic eNOS expression augmented when tacrolimus was administrated. High doses of tacrolimus were correlated with ameliorated liver HO-1 plus HO-2 and pancreas HO-1 expression after LPS stimulation. Tacrolimus treatment diminished TNF-α but not IL-1 expression increase after LPS challenge in hepatic tissue. Pancreatic TNF-α and IL-1 values diminished partially when high doses were employed. Plasmatic NO, CO, TNF-α, and IL-1 concentrations increase after LPS challenge was diminished when highest doses of tacrolimus were given. In conclusion, tacrolimus exerts a protective effect on commonly observed harmful phenomena after LPS stimulation by modulating liver and pancreas oxidative enzyme expression and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Balibrea
- Department of Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Universitat Autònoma, Ctra Del Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Thachil J. Lessons from acute pancreatitis-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:739-43. [PMID: 19892300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by local tissue injury which can trigger a systemic inflammatory response. There is increasing evidence that endothelial dysfunction is one of the critical pathophysiologic manifestations in patients with severe form of acute pancreatitis. In keeping with this, there have been recent reports of a haematological disorder, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as being precipitated by acute pancreatitis. However, the patients who develop TTP, secondary to acute pancreatitis, do not always have the characteristic low levels of VonWillebrand multimer cleaving enzyme, ADAMTS-13 suggesting the involvement of other pathophysiological factors. On the contrary, the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in haemolytic diseases may suggest TTP as being a precipitating factor for the pancreatic inflammatory state. This review focuses on the association of these two conditions which have given insights into the role players and the pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of either of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jecko Thachil
- University of Liverpool, Prescot Road, Liverpool, UK.
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Ang AD, Adhikari S, Ng SW, Bhatia M. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and nitric oxide production in acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury. Pancreatology 2008; 9:150-9. [PMID: 19077466 DOI: 10.1159/000178886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The role of nitric oxide (NO) has been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). Studies have shown increased NO production in AP although not all are agreeable on whether NO is beneficial or detrimental in AP. This study aims to profile NO production and NO synthase (NOS) expression in the pancreas and lungs in the progression of AP in mice to gain insights to the role played by different NOS isoforms. METHODS AP was induced in mice by hourly administration of cerulein. NO production was determined by measuring the total nitrite and nitrate (NOx) content while NOS expression was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Pancreatic NO production increased sharply and was sustained throughout AP. iNOS expression was greatly increased while eNOS was downregulated at the later stages. In the lungs, there was an unexpected early increase in the constitutive NOS expression; however iNOS was also significantly overexpressed at the later time point along with a significant increase in NO. Acinar cells were found to overproduce NO in response to cerulein hyperstimulation with iNOS again being the major contributor. CONCLUSION These data show that NO production and NOS expression are differentially regulated temporally and in magnitude in the pancreas and lungs in response to cerulein hyperstimulation which suggests differing roles for each NOS isoform. and IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Damien Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the mechanisms underlying hypotension during the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by analyzing whether an impaired response to vasoactive substances occurs in this pathological process. METHODS Experimental SAP was induced by infusing 5% sodium taurocholate through the main pancreatic duct in rats. Once mean arterial pressure (MAP) in animals with pancreatitis was reduced, different vasoactive substances and inhibitors were administered. RESULTS Administration of the nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester caused a similar increase in MAP in rats with pancreatitis and control rats, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition did not cause changes in MAP. Moreover, the hypertensive response to endothelin and angiotensin II was lower in pancreatitis. Inhibition of angiotensin II synthesis by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril in animals with pancreatitis caused severe hypotension, causing death in 40% of them. Finally, pressor hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II in animals with pancreatitis was avoided by previous administration of perindopril and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. CONCLUSIONS The SAP-induced hypotension is associated with a deficient pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II and endothelin-1. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the control of MAP in animals with pancreatitis.
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Rakonczay Z, Hegyi P, Dósa S, Iványi B, Jármay K, Biczó G, Hracskó Z, Varga IS, Karg E, Kaszaki J, Varró A, Lonovics J, Boros I, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS, Pandol SJ, Takács T. A new severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis model induced by L-ornithine in rats. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2117-27. [PMID: 18594222 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31817d7f5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraperitoneal administration of large doses of L-arginine is known to induce severe acute pancreatitis in rats. We therefore set out to determine whether metabolites of L-arginine (L-ornithine, L-citrulline, and nitric oxide) cause pancreatitis. DESIGN The authors conducted an in vivo animal study. SETTING This study was conducted at a university research laboratory. SUBJECTS Study subjects were male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Dose-response and time course changes of laboratory and histologic parameters of pancreatitis were determined after L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, or sodium nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor) injection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of 3 g/kg L-ornithine but not L-citrulline or nitroprusside caused severe acute pancreatitis; 4 to 6 g/kg L-ornithine killed the animals within hours. Serum and ascitic amylase activities were significantly increased, whereas pancreatic amylase activity was decreased after intraperitoneal injection of 3 g/kg L-ornithine. The increase in pancreatic trypsin activity (9-48 hrs) correlated with the degradation of IkappaB proteins and elevated interleukin-1beta levels. Oxidative stress in the pancreas was evident from 6 hrs; HSP72 synthesis was increased from 4 hrs after L-ornithine administration. Morphologic examination of the pancreas showed massive interstitial edema, apoptosis, and necrosis of acinar cells and infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes 18 to 36 hrs after 3 g/kg L-ornithine injection. One month after L-ornithine injection, the pancreas appeared almost normal; the destructed parenchyma was partly replaced by fat. Equimolar administration of L-arginine resulted in lower pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity, and histologic damage compared with the L-ornithine-treated group. L-ornithine levels in the blood were increased 54-fold after intraperitoneal administration of L-arginine. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a simple, noninvasive model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 3 g/kg L-ornithine. Interestingly, we found that, compared with L-arginine, L-ornithine was even more effective at inducing pancreatitis. Large doses of L-arginine produce a toxic effect on the pancreas, at least in part, through L-ornithine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Li BF, Liu YF, Cheng Y, Zhang KZ, Li TM, Zhao N. Protective effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on pancreas transplantation in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 13:6066-71. [PMID: 18023101 PMCID: PMC4250892 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.45.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, on pancreas transplantation in rats. METHODS A model of pancreas transplantation was established in rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham-operation control group (n = 6), transplant control group (n = 6), and aminoguanidine (AG) treatment group (n = 18). In the AG group, aminoguanidine was added to intravascular infusion as the onset of reperfusion at the dose of 60 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Serum nitric oxide (NO) level, blood sugar and amylase activity were detected. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) test kit was used to detect the pancreas cNOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) activity. Pancreas sections stained with HE and immunohistochemistry were evaluated under a light microscope. RESULTS As compared with the transplant control group, the serum NO level and amylase activity decreased obviously and the evidence for pancreas injury was much less in the AG group. The AG (80 mg/kg body weight) group showed the most significant difference in NO and amylase (NO: 66.0 +/- 16.6 vs 192.3 +/- 60.0, P < 0.01 and amylase: 1426 +/- 177 vs 4477 +/- 630, P < 0.01). The expression and activity of tissue iNOS, and blood sugar in the AG (80 mg/kg body weight) group were much lower than those in the transplant control group (iNOS: 2.01 +/- 0.23 vs 26.59 +/- 5.78, P < 0.01 and blood sugar: 14.2 +/- 0.9 vs 16.8 +/- 1.1, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Selective iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine as a free radical, has a protective effect on pancreas transplantation in rats by inhibiting NO and reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Feng Li
- Department of Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neurotransmitter, a vasodilator and paracrine regulator. In the pancreas, NO regulates normal pancreatic exocrine secretion, endocrine pancreatic insulin secretion and pancreatic microvascular blood flow. NO has multiple species and is produced de novo by 3 NO synthase enzymes. Endothelial NO synthase reduces the severity of the initial phase of experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). Cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol use disrupt normal NO pathways and are associated with pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. The aims of this minireview are to describe normal intrapancreatic NO pathways, perturbations during experimental AP and due to epidemiological factors associated with pancreatic pathology, and the clinical implications of NO on AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J DiMagno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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