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Felicijan T, Bogataj M. Forecasting the effect of water gastric emptying patterns on model drug release in an in vitro glass-bead flow-through system. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:269-287. [PMID: 38815199 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage forms are most frequently administered with a glass of water which empties from the stomach relatively fast, but with a certain variability in its emptying kinetics. The purpose of this study was thus to simulate different individual water gastric emptying (GE) patterns in an in vitro glass-bead flow-through dissolution system. Further, the effect of GE on the dissolution of model drugs from immediate-release tablets was assessed by determining the amount of dissolved drug in the samples pumped out of the stomach compartment. Additionally, different HCl solutions were used as dissolution media to assess the effect of the variability of pH of the gastric fluid on the dissolution of three model drugs: paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and dipyridamole. The difference in fast and slow GE kinetics resulted in different dissolution profiles of paracetamol in all studied media. For diclofenac sodium and dipyridamole tablets, the effect of GE kinetics was well observed only in media, where the solubility was not a limiting factor. Therefore, GE kinetics of co-ingested water influences the drug release from immediate-release tablets, however, in certain cases, other parameters influencing drug dissolution can partly or fully hinder the expression of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Felicijan
- 1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Bogataj
- 1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang X, Jiang XY, Cai JY, Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH. Dynamic Stomach Model-Capillary Electrophoresis-ICPMS for Evaluation of Release and Transformation Behaviors of Arsenic Species from Microplastics during Digestion. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7155-7162. [PMID: 38652710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can act as carriers of environmental arsenic species into the stomach with food and release arsenic species during digestion, which threatens human health. Herein, an integrated dynamic stomach model (DSM)-capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICPMS) is developed for online monitoring of the release and transformation behaviors of arsenic species loaded on MPs (As-MPs) in the simulated human stomach. The 3D-printed DSM with a soft stomach chamber enables the behaviors of gastric peristalsis, gastric and salivary fluid addition, pH adjustment, and gastric emptying (GE) to be controlled by a self-written program after oral ingestion of food with As-MPs. The gastric extract during digestion is introduced into the spiral channel to remove the large particulate impurity and online filtered to obtain the clarified arsenic-containing solution for subsequent speciation analysis of arsenic by CE-ICPMS. The digestion conditions and pretreatment processes of DSM are tracked and validated, and the release rates of As-MPs digested by DSM are compared with those digested by the static stomach model and DSM without GE. The release rate of inorganic arsenic on MPs is higher than that of organic arsenic throughout the gastric digestion process, and 8% of As(V) is reduced to As(III). The detection limits for As(III), DMA, MMA, and As(V) are 0.5-0.9 μg L-1 using DSM-CE-ICPMS, along with precisions of ≤8%. This present method provides an integrated and convenient tool for evaluating the release and transformation of As-MPs during human gastric digestion and provides a reference for exploring the interactions between MPs and metals/metalloids in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xin-Yi Jiang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ji-Ying Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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Dlamini SB, Gigante AM, Hooton SPT, Atterbury RJ. Efficacy of Different Encapsulation Techniques on the Viability and Stability of Diverse Phage under Simulated Gastric Conditions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2389. [PMID: 37894046 PMCID: PMC10608910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella causes a range of diseases in humans and livestock of considerable public health and economic importance. Widespread antimicrobial use, particularly in intensively produced livestock (e.g., poultry and pigs) may contribute to the rise of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains. Alternative treatments such as bacteriophages have shown promise when used to reduce the intestinal carriage of Salmonella in livestock. However, the digestive enzymes and low pH encountered in the monogastric GI tract can significantly reduce phage viability and impact therapeutic outcomes. This study deployed alginate-carrageenan microcapsules with and without CaCO3 to protect a genomically diverse set of five Salmonella bacteriophages from simulated gastrointestinal conditions. None of the unprotected phage could be recovered following exposure to pH < 3 for 10 min. Alginate-carrageenan encapsulation improved phage viability at pH 2-2.5 after exposure for 10 min, but not at pH 2 after 1 h. Including 1% (w/v) CaCO3 in the formulation further reduced phage loss to <0.5 log10 PFU/mL, even after 1 h at pH 2. In all cases, phage were efficiently released from the microcapsules following a shift to a neutral pH (7.5), simulating passage to the duodenum. In summary, alginate-carrageenan-CaCO3 encapsulation is a promising approach for targeted intestinal delivery of genomically diverse Salmonella bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicelo B Dlamini
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Adriano M Gigante
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Steven P T Hooton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Robert J Atterbury
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Dong L, Chen Y, Gu L, Gan M, Carrier A, Oakes K, Zhang X, Dong Z. Oral delivery of a highly stable superoxide dismutase as a skin aging inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114878. [PMID: 37209626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As an effective antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been widely used as a food supplement, cosmetic additive, and therapeutic agent. However, oral delivery of SOD is challenging due to its relative instability, limited bioavailability, and low absorption efficiency in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We addressed these issues using a highly stable superoxide dismutase (hsSOD) generated from a hot spring microbial sample. This SOD exhibited a specific activity of 5000 IU/mg while retaining its enzymatic activity under low pH environments of an artificial GI system and in the presence of surfactants and various proteolytic enzymes. The inhibitory effects of hsSOD against skin-aging was evaluated under both in vitro and in vivo experiments using fibroblast cell and D-galactose induced aging-mouse models, respectively. Effective oral delivery of hsSOD promises wide applicability in pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-TECH CO., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-TECH CO., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Miao Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China; Shenzhen Siyomicro BIO-TECH CO., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Andrew Carrier
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Ken Oakes
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada.
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2714, Beijing 100080, China.
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Jia M, Joyce JD, Bertke AS. SARS-CoV-2 Survival in Common Non-Alcoholic and Alcoholic Beverages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060802. [PMID: 35327225 PMCID: PMC8947642 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is known to be transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. Since the virus is shed at high concentrations in respiratory secretions and saliva, SARS-CoV-2 would also be expected to be transmitted through activities that involve the transfer of saliva from one individual to another, such as kissing or sharing beverages. To assess the survival of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in common beverages, we quantified infectious virus by plaque assays one hour after inoculation into 18 non-alcoholic and 16 alcoholic beverages, plus saliva, and also 7 days later for 5 of these beverages. SARS-CoV-2 remains infectious with minimal reductions in several common beverages, including milk and beer. However, cocoa, coffee, tea, fruit juices, and wine contain antiviral compounds that inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Although hard liquors containing 40% alcohol immediately inactivate SARS-CoV-2, mixing with non-alcoholic beverages reduces the antiviral effects. In summary, SARS-CoV-2 can be recovered from commonly consumed beverages in a beverage type and time-dependent manner. Although aerosol or droplet transmission remains the most likely mode of transmission, our findings combined with others suggest that beverages contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 during handling, serving, or through sharing of drinks should be considered as a potential vehicle for virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Jia
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Jonathan D. Joyce
- Translational Biology, Medicine & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Andrea S. Bertke
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence:
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García MA, Varum F, Al-Gousous J, Hofmann M, Page S, Langguth P. In Vitro Methodologies for Evaluating Colon-Targeted Pharmaceutical Products and Industry Perspectives for Their Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020291. [PMID: 35214024 PMCID: PMC8876830 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several locally acting colon-targeted products to treat colonic diseases have been recently developed and marketed, taking advantage of gastrointestinal physiology to target delivery. Main mechanisms involve pH-dependent, time-controlled and/or enzymatic-triggered release. With site of action located before systemic circulation and troublesome colonic sampling, there is room for the introduction of meaningful in vitro methods for development, quality control (QC) and regulatory applications of these formulations. A one-size-fits-all method seems unrealistic, as the selection of experimental conditions should resemble the physiological features exploited to trigger the release. This article reviews the state of the art for bio-predictive dissolution testing of colon-targeted products. Compendial methods overlook physiological aspects, such as buffer molarity and fluid composition. These are critical for pH-dependent products and time-controlled systems containing ionizable drugs. Moreover, meaningful methods for enzymatic-triggered products including either bacteria or enzymes are completely ignored by pharmacopeias. Bio-predictive testing may accelerate the development of successful products, although this may require complex methodologies. However, for high-throughput routine testing (e.g., QC), simplified methods can be used where balance is struck between simplicity, robustness and transferability on one side and bio-predictivity on the other. Ultimately, bio-predictive methods can occupy a special niche in terms of supplementing plasma concentration data for regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A. García
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Felipe Varum
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Susanne Page
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland; (F.V.); (M.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.A.G.); (J.A.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Cingolani V. Hypothesis of zinc ascorbate as best zinc ionophore for raising antiviral resistance against Covid-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5205-5208. [PMID: 33788302 PMCID: PMC8250578 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Zinc ascorbate could prevent and treat Covid‐19 by raising antiviral resistance to SARS‐CoV‐2 virus via increase of intracellular zinc concentration as a zinc ionophore more than other salts of zinc or zinc with vitamin C. Tests in vitro and clinical trials for Covid‐19 prevention and treatment with zinc ascorbate are strongly recommended and should start as soon as possible. Potential advantages of zinc ascorbate supplementation over vaccines and drugs are also discussed, with supplementation suggestions.
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Murakami T, Bodor E, Bodor N. Factors and dosage formulations affecting the solubility and bioavailability of P-glycoprotein substrate drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:555-580. [PMID: 33703995 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1902986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) increases toward the distal small intestine, implying that the duodenum is the preferential absorption site for P-gp substrate drugs. Oral bioavailability of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs is low and varied but increases with high-fat meals that supply lipoidal components and bile in the duodenum.Areas covered: Absorption properties of P-gp substrate drugs along with factors and oral dosage formulations affecting their solubility and bioavailability were reviewed with PubMed literature searches. An overview is provided from the viewpoint of the 'spring-and-parachute approach' that generates supersaturation of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs.Expert opinion: The oral bioavailability of P-gp substrate drugs is difficult to predict because of their low solubility, preferential absorption sites, and overlapping substrate specificities with CYP3A4, along with the scattered intestinal P-gp expression/function. To attain high and steady oral bioavailability of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs, physicochemical modification of drugs to improve solubility, or oral dosage formulations that generate long-lasting supersaturation in the duodenum, is preferred. In particular, supersaturable lipid-based drug delivery systems that can increase passive diffusion and/or lymphatic absorption are effective and applicable to many poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Bodor
- Bodor Laboratories, Miami, Florida, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Mehmood Y, Khan IU, Shahzad Y, Khan RU, Iqbal MS, Khan HA, Khalid I, Yousaf AM, Khalid SH, Asghar S, Asif M, Hussain T, Shah SU. In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation of Velpatasvir- Loaded Mesoporous Silica Scaffolds. A Prospective Carrier for Drug Bioavailability Enhancement. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E307. [PMID: 32231052 PMCID: PMC7238066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is responsible for their poor performance and low drug levels in blood and at target sites. Various approaches have been adopted to tackle this issue. Most recently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have gained attention of pharmaceutical scientists for bio-imaging, bio-sensing, gene delivery, drug solubility enhancement, and controlled and targeted drug release. Here, we have successfully incorporated the poorly water soluble antiviral drug velpatasvir (VLP) in MSN. These spherical particles were 186 nm in diameter with polydispersity index of 0.244. Blank MSN have specific surface area and pore diameter of 602.5 ± 0.7 m2/g and 5.9 nm, respectively, which reduced after successful incorporation of drug. Drug was in amorphous form in synthesized VLP-loaded silica particles (VLP-MSN) with no significant interaction with carrier. Pure VLP showed poor dissolution with progressive increment in pH of dissolution media which could limit its availability in systemic circulation after oral administration. After VLP loading in silica carriers, drug released rapidly over a wide range of pH values, i.e., 1.2 to 6.8, thus indicating an improvement in the solubility profile of VLP. These particles were biocompatible, with an LD50 of 448 µg/mL, and in-vivo pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that VLP-MSN significantly enhanced the bioavailability as compared to pure drug. The above results clearly demonstrate satisfactory in-vitro performance, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and in-vivo bioavailability enhancement with VLP-MSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yasser Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Department of Pathology, Prince Faisal Cancer Centre, Buraydah Al Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11492, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pathology, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mehmood Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
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A comparative study of the antacid effect of some commonly consumed foods for hyperacidity in an artificial stomach model. Complement Ther Med 2017; 34:111-115. [PMID: 28917362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incorporation of certain alkalinizing vegetables, fruits, milk and its products in the diet has been known to alleviate hyperacidity. These foods help to restore the natural gastric balance and function, curb acid reflux, aid digestion, reduce the burning sensation due to hyperacidity and soothe the inflamed mucosa of the stomach. The present study evaluates and compares the antacid effect of broccoli, kale, radish, cucumber, lemon juice, cold milk and curd in an artificial stomach model. DESIGN The pH of the test samples and their neutralizing effect on artificial gastric acid was determined and compared with that of water, the active control sodium bicarbonate and a marketed antacid preparation ENO. A modified model of Vatier's artificial stomach was used to determine the duration of consistent neutralization of artificial gastric acid by the test samples. The neutralizing capacity of the test samples was determined in vitro using the classical titration method of Fordtran. RESULTS All test samples except lemon showed significantly higher (p<0.05 for cucumber and p<0.001 for the rest) acid neutralizing effect than water. All test samples also exhibited a significantly (p<0.001) higher duration of consistent neutralization and higher antacid capacity than water. Highest antacid activity was demonstrated by cold milk and broccoli which was comparable with ENO and sodium bicarbonate. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that the natural food ingredients used in this study exhibited significant antacid activity, justifying their use as essential dietary components to counter hyperacidity.
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Walker D, Ng Kwet Shing R, Jones D, Gruss HJ, Reguła J. Challenges of correlating pH change with relief of clinical symptoms in gastro esophageal reflux disease: a phase III, randomized study of Zegerid versus Losec. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116308. [PMID: 25706883 PMCID: PMC4338010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zegerid (on demand immediate-release omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate combination therapy) has demonstrated earlier absorption and more rapid pH change compared with Losec (standard enteric coated omeprazole), suggesting more rapid clinical relief of heartburn. This Phase III, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized study assessed the clinical superiority of Zegerid versus Losec for rapid relief of heartburn associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Patients with a history of frequent (2 3 days/week) uncomplicated GERD, were randomized to receive Zegerid (20mg) or Losec (20mg) with corresponding placebo. Study medication was self-administered on the first episode of heartburn, and could be taken for up to 3 days within a 14 day study period. Heartburn severity was self assessed up to 180 minutes post dose (9 point Likert scale). Primary endpoint was median time to sustained response (≥3 point reduction in heartburn severity for ≥45 minutes). Results Of patients randomized to Zegerid (N=122) or Losec (N=117), 228/239 had recorded ≥1 evaluable heartburn episodes and were included in the modified intent-to-treat population. No significant between-group differences were observed for median time to sustained response (60.0 vs. 52.2 minutes, Zegerid [N=117] and Losec [N=111], respectively), sustained partial response (both, 37.5 minutes) and sustained total relief (both, 105 minutes). Significantly more patients treated with Zegerid reached sustained total relief within 0–30 minutes post dose in all analysis sets (p<0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated and did not raise any safety concerns. Conclusions Superiority of Zegerid over Losec for rapid heartburn relief was not demonstrated; both treatments were equally effective however the rapid onset of action of Losec was unexpected. Factors, including aspects of study design may have contributed to this. This study supports previously reported difficulty in correlating intra-gastric pH change with clinical effect in GERD therapy, highlighting the significance of several technical considerations for studies of this type. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01493089
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Walker
- Norgine Ltd, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Hans-Jurgen Gruss
- Medical and Safety Services, ICON Clinical Research, Eastleigh, United Kingdom
| | - Jarosław Reguła
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Oncology and Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Cristofoletti R, Dressman JB. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Coupled with Pharmacodynamic Models to Assess the Clinical Relevance of Current Bioequivalence Criteria for Generic Drug Products Containing Ibuprofen. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3263-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Iida H, Inamori M, Fujii T, Sekino Y, Endo H, Hosono K, Nonaka T, Koide T, Takahashi H, Yoneda M, Goto A, Abe Y, Kobayashi N, Kirikoshi H, Kubota K, Saito S, Gotoh E, Maeda S, Nakajima A. Early effect of oral administration of omeprazole with mosapride as compared with those of omeprazole alone on the intragastric pH. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:25. [PMID: 22448810 PMCID: PMC3342890 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ideal medication for acid-related diseases should have a rapid onset of action to promote hemostasis and cause efficient resolution of symptoms. The aim of our study was to comparatively investigate the inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion of a single oral administration of omeprazole plus mosapride with that of omeprazole alone. Methods Ten Helicobacter pylori-negative male subjects participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. Intragastric pH was monitored continuously for 6 hours after a single oral administration of omeprazole 20 mg or that of omeprazole 20 mg plus mosapride 5 mg (the omeprazole being administered one hour after the mosapride). Each administration was separated by a 7-days washout period. Results The average pH during the 6-hour period after administration of omeprazole 20 mg plus mosapride 5 mg was higher than that after administration of omeprazole 20 mg alone (median: 3.22 versus 4.21, respectively; p = 0.0247). Conclusions In H. pylori -negative healthy male subjects, an oral dose of omeprazole 20 mg plus mosapride 5 mg increased the intragastric pH more rapidly than omeprazole 20 mg alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iida
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Merchant HA, McConnell EL, Liu F, Ramaswamy C, Kulkarni RP, Basit AW, Murdan S. Assessment of gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue in the guinea pig, rabbit and pig, and implications for their use in drug development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the last year's literature regarding the regulation and measurement of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion. RECENT FINDINGS Parietal cells, distributed along much of the length of the oxyntic glands, with highest density in the neck and base, secrete HCl as well as transforming growth factor-alpha, amphiregulin, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, and sonic hedgehog. Acid facilitates the digestion of protein and absorption of iron, calcium, vitamin B(12) as well as prevents bacterial overgrowth, enteric infection, and possibly food allergy. The major stimulants of acid secretion are gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine. Ghrelin and orexin also stimulate acid secretion. The main inhibitor of acid secretion is somatostatin. Nitric oxide and dopamine also inhibit acid secretion. Although Helicobacter pylori is associated with duodenal ulcer disease, most patients infected with the organism produce less than normal amount of acid. The cytoskeletal proteins ezrin and moesin participate in parietal cell acid and chief cell pepsinogen secretion, respectively. SUMMARY Despite our vast knowledge, the understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease is far from complete. A better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms regulating acid secretion should lead to improved management of patients with acid-induced disorders as well as those who secrete too little acid.
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Iida H, Inamori M, Nozaki Y, Endo H, Hosono K, Akiyama T, Sakamoto Y, Takahashi H, Koide T, Tokoro C, Abe Y, Nakajima A. Early effects of oral administration of lafutidine with mosapride compared with lafutidine alone on intragastric pH values. BMC Gastroenterol 2009; 9:52. [PMID: 19589146 PMCID: PMC2714527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-9-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal medication for treatment of acid related diseases should have a rapid onset of action to promote hemostasis and resolution of symptoms. The aim of our study was to investigate the inhibitory effects on gastric acid secretion after a single oral administrations of lafutidine, is a newly synthesized H2-receptor antagonist, with mosapride 5 mg or lafutidine alone. METHODS Ten Helicobacter pylori negative male subjects participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. Intragastric pH was monitored continuously for 4 hours after a single oral administration of lafutidine 10 mg or lafutidine 10 mg with mosapride 5 mg (the lafutidine being administrated one hour after the mosapride). Each administration was separated by a 7-day washout period. RESULTS The average pH during the 4-hour period after administration of lafutidine 10 mg with mosapride 5 mg was higher than after lafutidine 10 mg alone (median: 5.25 versus 4.58, respectively; p = 0.0318). During the 3-4 hour study period, lafutidine 10 mg with mosapride 5 mg provided a higher pH, compared to lafutidine 10 mg alone (median: 7.28 versus 6.42; p = 0.0208). CONCLUSION In H. pylori negative healthy male subjects, an oral dose of lafutidine 10 mg with mosapride 5 mg more rapidly increased intragastric pH than lafutidine 10 mg alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iida
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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